小学英语名词讲解与练习

名词
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。

可数名词：
规则变化：
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，watch-watches，brush-brushes，glass-glasses，dress-dresses 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families （家庭），
butterfly-butterflies（蝴蝶），lady-ladies，strawberry-strawberries（草莓）
★注意：“元音字母+y”结尾的，直接加-s，如：day-days，boy-boys 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf-leaves（落叶），wolf-wolves（狼），shelf-shelves（架子），half-halves（一半），thief-thieves（小偷）
注意：特殊情况直接加s：gulf-gulfs（海湾），roof-roofs（屋顶），belief-beliefs（信仰），proof-proofs（证据）[此处知道即可，暂时不用记]
不规则变化：
1．man-men，woman-women， policeman（男警察）-policemen，policewoman（女警察）-policewomen， mouse-mice，child（孩子）-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth（牙齿），ox-oxen（公牛）
2．fish-fish（鱼）, sheep（羊）-sheep，deer-deer，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，
people-people（人，人们）
注意：
fish：①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.
②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.如：all
kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼
③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。

people：当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。

实记： tomato-tomatoes（西红柿），potato-potatoes（土豆），hero-heroes（英雄）negro-negroes（黑人），volcano-volcanoes （火山）
zoo-zoos，photo-photos
不可数名词
water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、 tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice（果汁）、bread（面包），soup（汤），hair，meat，news（消息），work（工作），paper（纸），weather（天气），luck（运气），grass （草）
★中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面 German-Germans(德国人) 1．be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are. 2．可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用，不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an.
①a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。

②a用在辅音（音素）之前，an用在元音（音素）之前。

如：a notebook 一个笔记本，a book一本书，an old man一位老人，an English class 一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。

如：a useful book一本有用的书，a university一所大学。

字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如an hour 一小时，an honest person一个诚实的人。

3．many+可数名词、much +不可数名词（表示数量很多）few+可数名词、little+不可数名词（表示数量极少）没几个
a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词（表示数量极少）有几个
some, any , a lot of、lots of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词
4、对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
How many books do you have
How much milk does he drink in the morning？
5、①可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰如：two students （两个学生）
也可用many、a few 、some、any、a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等修饰。

②不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：
1）用much ,a little ,some，any，a lot of a lot of ,lots of ,most of等表示多少。

如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。

2）用单位词表示。

（用a ... of 表示。

）
如 a cup of （一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）
a piece of （一张......），a pair of shoes（一双鞋） two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸）
名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。

如Mary's father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jim's mother(吉姆的母亲) 。

与所有格相对来看，不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。

1)单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾如没有s，也要加’s。

如Tom's knife(汤姆的小刀) children's books(儿童书籍)
2)表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加’s，如
果表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加’s。

如Jim and Mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间
Jim's and Mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间
3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"即可。

如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)
Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night.
每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。

表示时间和地点的名词
where is today's newspaper 今天的报纸在哪儿
an hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。

练习题
一、写出下列名词的复数，无复数用/表示。

I _________this ___________that___________watch _______ diary_________day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______ peach______ sandwich _______________man______ paper_______
juice_____________water________milk________rice_________tea ___________
二、填入适当的词。

1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)
1、Best wishes to you for________ Day!
A、Teacher’s
B、Teachers’
C、Teacher
2、Many children like to go to the________Palace on Sunday.
A、Children
B、Children’s
C、Childrens’
3、This is________ room. It’s very big.
A、Lily and Lucy’s
B、Lily’s and Lucy’s
C、Lily’s and Lucy
4、We visited________house yesterday.
A、Tom
B、Toms
C、Tom’
s
5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .
A. forty minutes's walk
B. forty minute's walk
C. forty
minutes walk D. forty minutes' walk
<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo
16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman
20、knife 21、sheep
<二>、选择填空
1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes
B. are photos
C. is a photo
D.
is photos
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture
A. tomatos
B. tomatoes
C. tomato
D. the tomato
3. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs
B. Foxes…wolfs
C. Foxes…wolves
4. Th at’s art book.
A. an
B. a
C. the D are
5. The boys get .
A. two bread
B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread
D. two piece of bread
6. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples
B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples
D. six boxs of apples
7. There some in the river.
A. is ,fish
B. are, fishs
C. is, fishs
D. are ,fish
8. There two in the box.
A. is watch
B. are watches
C. are watch
D. is watches
9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths teeth
10. They come from different ______
A. country
B. countries
C. a country
D. countrys
11. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher
D. woman teacher
12. Would you like _______ ,please
A. two glass of water
B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters
D. two glasses of waters
13. These are the ______ of our national ______.
A. photos … heroes
B. photoes … heroes
C. photos …
heros
14. There are some ______ in these _______.
…pencil-boxes …pencils-box
…pencil-box …pencils-boxes
15. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples
B. oranges
C. rice
D. eggs
16. _______ are good for our health.
A. Tomatos
B. Tomatoes
C. Tomato
17. I like to eat cake with ______.
A. cherries
B. cherry（樱桃）
18. The ______ are running on the ______.
A. deer … grasses
B. deers … grass
C. deer … grass
19. I was so hungry and I eat two ______.
A. bowls of noodle
B. bowls of noodles
C. bowl of noodles
20. How many _____ are there in your class
A. Japanese
B. American
C. Australian
D. Canadian
21. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German
B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany
D. Germans, Germany
<三>、将以下单复数句进行转换
1 This is a knife.
______________________________________
2 That is a tomato.
______________________________________
3 That child is very
4 These are mice. ______________________________________
5 Those are children.
______________________________________
<四>、选择正确的词形
1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see
2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.
3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).
4 I don’t want (a, an) old cup.
5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.
1）写出下列名词的复数形式。

1．bag _______ 2．orange _______ 3．family _______
4．wish _______ 5．shelf _______ 6．knife _______
7．key _______ 8．baby _______ 9．tooth _______
10．foot _______ 11．woman _______ 12．sheep _______
13．Japanese _______ 14．potato _______ 15．radio _______
16．child _______ 17．fish _______ 18．photo _______
19．Frenchman _______ 20．man doctor _______ _______ 22. bus _______ 23. sheep _______ 24. foot _______
_______ _______
_______
2）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空
1 Look at those _______. (child)
2 I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman)
3 Do you want some ________ for dinner (potato)
4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)
5 He has two is blue , the other is yellow.( box)
6 Two ________ live in this building .( family )
3）选词填空
1、I want three________white paper.
A、pieces
B、piece of
C、pieces of
2、Do you want to drink much________
A、a milk
B、milk
C、milks
3、Do you want some________for supper
A、a potato
B、potatoes
C、potatos
4、In autumn，you can see a lot of________on the ground.
A、leaf
B、leafs
C、leaves
5、My sister has two________ . One is old，the other is new.
A、a watch
B、watchs
C、watches
6. There are some ________ on the hill.
A. sheeps
B. a sheep
C. sheep
D. sheepes
7. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.
A. child
B. childrens'
C. children
D. children's
8. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .
A. forty minutes's walk
B. forty minute's walk
C. forty minutes walk
D. forty minutes' walk
9. I found my black cat in_____ room.
A. Jim and Mike
B. Jim and Mike's
C. Jim's and Mike's
D. Jim's and Mike
10. How much are the _____
A. bread
B. meats.
C. potatos
D. tomatoes
11. There are many ______ in our school.
A. woman teachers
B. woman's teachers
C. women teachers
D. women's teachers
12. Three months ________ a long time for me.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
13. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange
D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges
14、They come from ’re ______ .
A、Japanese
B、Japaneses
C、a Japanese
15、There are ______ on the plate.
A、two meat
B、two meats
C、two pieces of meat
16、Some ______ are coming to help us.
A、peoples
B、people
C、the people。