新概念课程讲解第四册Lesson3

⽆忧考新概念频道为⼤家整理的新概念课程讲解第四册Lesson3 ，供⼤家参考。

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Lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩⼭区⼈ First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What was the main objective of early mountain climbers? Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top! It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.【参考译⽂】现代登⼭运动员总想找⼀条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登⼭峰。

他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲⼉。

然⽽，在登⼭运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。

早期登⼭者所寻找的是通往⼭顶的最⽅便的途径，因为顶峰特别是前⼈未曾到过的顶峰 -- 才是他们寻求的⽬标。

确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊⼼动魄的困难和危险，⽽他们装备之简陋⾜以使现代登⼭者⼀想起来就胆战⼼惊。

但是，他们并⾮故意寻求这种刺激，他们只有⼀个⽬标，的⽬标 -- 顶峰！我们今天很难想像昔⽇的登⼭先驱们是多么艰苦。

除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等⼀两个很快出了名的地⽅外，阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区的⼩村⼏乎全是⾼⼭环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。

那⾥的⼩客栈⼀般都很肮脏，⽽且跳蚤猖獗。

⾷物是当地的⼲酪和通常存放了⼀年之久的⾯包，⼈们就着劣酒吞下这种⾷物。

⼭⾕⾥常常没有⼩客栈，登⼭者只好随遇⽽安。

有时同当地牧师（他通常和他的教民⼀样穷）住在⼀起，有时同牧⽺⼈或制乳酪的⼈住在⼀起。

⽆论住在哪⼉，情况都⼀样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。

对于过惯了⼀顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚⿇细布床单的⼈来说，变换⼀下⽣活环境来到阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区，那⼀定是很艰难的。

1.Matterhorn n.马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯⼭之⼀，在意⼤利和瑞⼠边境）
2.alpinist n. 登⼭运动员
3.pioneer v. 开辟，倡导； n. 先锋，开辟者
4.summit n.顶峰
5.attain v.到达例句：He attained the summit of his ambition. 他达到了追求的⽬标。

Mr Jones attained the position of minister. 琼斯先⽣登上了部长的宝座。

6.perilous adj. 危险的例句：The journey through the jungle was perilous. 穿过丛林的旅⾏充满了危险。

7.shudder v.不寒⽽栗例句：The old engine ground and shuddered. 那台陈旧的发动机抖动着发出摩擦的声⾳。

The old engine ground and shuddered. 那台陈旧的发动机抖动着发出摩擦的声⾳。

8.court v.追求
9.solitary adj. 的例句：I am rather fond of a solitary stroll in the country. 我很喜欢在乡间独⾃徜徉。

10.impoverish v.使贫困例句：Many gamblers impoverish themselves here, and it is no coincidence that numerous pawn brokers have set up shop in the streets around the Hotel Lisboa. 很多赌徒在这⾥变得⼀⽂不名，⽽众多的典当经纪⼈在⾥斯本旅馆附近的⼤街上建⽴起⾃⼰的商店。

11.Alpine adj. 阿尔卑斯⼭的
12.flea-ridden adj.布满跳蚤的
13.coarse adj.粗劣的例句：Homespun is a cloth of coarse weave. ⼟布是⼀种织得粗糙的布。

14.boast v.⾃恃有例句：She likes to boast about the cleverness of her child. 她喜欢夸耀她的孩⼦聪明。

15.parishioner n.教区居民
16.shepherd n.牧⽺⼈
17.linen n.亚⿇布床单
18.the Alps n.阿尔卑斯⼭脉1.Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. 参考翻译：现代登⼭运动员总想找⼀条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登⼭峰。

他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲⼉。

讲解：the more the more The more people you know, the less time you have to see them. 你认识的⼈越多，见他们是时间就越少。

The more he earn, the more he want. 他赚钱越多越要钱。

the ⽐较
级，the ⽐较级的情况经常使⽤，表⽰越……越…… 2.In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. 参考翻
译：然⽽，在登⼭运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。

讲解：this was not the case完全不是这么回事 not at all⼀点也不,丝毫不I am not at all satisfied with the surrounding here . 我点也不满意这⼉的环境。

I was not at all pleased with the results. 我对结果觉得⼀点也不满意。

3.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. 参考翻译：确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊⼼动魄的困难和危险，⽽他们装备之简陋⾜以使现代登⼭者⼀想起来就胆战⼼惊。

讲解：it形式主语作为形式主语的it并⽆实际语义，只是为满⾜语法上的需要，避免句⼦头重脚轻，它代替的是句⼦的逻辑主语，概括起来会有如下情况： 1. 句⼦的逻辑主语为不定式如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time. It is my pleasure to address the meeting. It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own. 2. 句⼦的逻辑主语为从句如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out. It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity. It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase. 3. 句⼦的逻辑主语为动名词短语这类句⼦远不如前⾯两种出现率⾼，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等词语的后⾯⽤如：It is no use reasoning with him. It is no good reading in dim light. 4.It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 参考翻译：我们今天很难想像昔⽇的登⼭先驱们是多么艰苦。

讲解：it is adj. for sb to do sth 能⽤于it’s adj. for sb to do sth的形容词不多，主要的有bad, bold, clever, common, honest, necessary, nice, normal, pointless, rare, (all) right, rude, sensible, stupid, tactful, thoughtful, typical, unimportant, unusual, vital, wise, wrong等。

但是请注意：likely和probable不这样⽤。

如：她可能今晚到。

正：She’s likely to arrive this evening. 误：It’s likely for her to arrive this evening. 她很可能会发脾⽓。

正：It’s probable that she’ll be in a bad temper. 正：She’ll probably be in a bad temper. 误：It’s probable for her to be in a bad temper. 5.Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. 参考翻译：阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区的⼩村⼏乎全是⾼⼭环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。

讲解：cut off切下,割下;切断,截断,隔离,使中断联系,中断,剥夺财产继承权例句：The slide cut off the valley from the rest of the world. ⼭崩切断了这个⼭⾕与外界的联系。

tend to注意,趋向例句：We generally tend to overvalue money and undervalue art. 我们⼀般倾向于把⾦钱看得过重⽽低估艺术的价值。

6.For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed. 参考翻译：对于过惯了⼀顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚⿇细布床单的⼈来说，变换⼀下⽣活环境来到阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区，那⼀定是很艰难的。

讲解：accustome to适应,习惯于例句：You will soon get accustomed to the climate here. 你会很快习惯这⾥的⽓候的。

1.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature. 确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊⼼动魄的困难和危险， 2.It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. 我们今天很难想像昔⽇的登⼭先驱们是多么艰苦。

3.Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular,Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. 除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等⼀两个很快出了名的地⽅外，阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区的⼩村⼏乎全是⾼⼭环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。

4.Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could ⼭⾕⾥常常没有⼩客栈，登⼭者只好随遇⽽安。

5.Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. ⽆论住在哪⼉，情况都⼀样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。

6.For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.对于过惯了⼀顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚⿇细布床单的⼈来说，变换⼀下⽣活环境来到阿尔卑斯⼭⼭区，那⼀定是很艰难的。