Unit 3 语法 (被动语态讲练)

Unit 3语法（被动语态讲练）
一、英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。

如：Bell invented the telephone in 1876
.
如：Some beef was eaten by Tom.
二、被动语态的构成
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
注：助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。

1、不知道谁是动作的执行者
My book was stolen yesterday.
2、没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者
Rice is grown in South China.
3、强调动作的承受者
The book was written by Lu Xun.。

四、主语语态和被动语态可相互转换
五、注意
1、主语语态变为被动语态时，时态和句式不变，如：
①He is writing an E-mail.
An E-mail is being written (by him).
②Did you clean the room?
Was the room cleaned by you?
2、有些动词在主动语态中,后加动词原形, 如：hear;
see/watch/notice/make/ have sb. do sth. 但是在
被动语态中后加动词不定式,如: be made to do sth.
如：③They heard the children sing last night.(主动)
(被动)
④They made the children work 12 hours a day. (变被动)
The children_____ _______ ____ ______12 hours a day.
⑤I saw him come. (变被动)He ______ _____ ___ _____.
3. 有些动词带有双宾语, 这两个宾语都可以做被动语态
的主语，直接宾语变成被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前
要加介词to/for。

如:
⑥His father gave him a house. (变被动)
He was given a house by his father.
A house was given to him by his father.
⑦He bought me a bike. I was ________a bike by____.
A bike was _________ _________me by him.
⑧Her mother made her a big cake.
She was ____________ a big cake by her mother.
A big cake was _______ _____ _____ by her mother.
⑨My teacher sent me an E—mail.
I______ ______an E—mail by my teacher.
An E—mail_____ ______ ____ me by my teacher.
⑩They gave Jim a pear.
Jim______ _______a pear by them.
A pear_______ ________ _____Jim by them.
4. 主动语态中表地点的主语，变为被动句的状语，如：
The farm grows bananas.
Bananas are grown on the farm.
(11)That factory makes cars.(变被动)
Cars______ _______in______ _________.
A bridge ________ ____________ here by
them a year ago.
2. They asked us some questions.
_______ _________ _________some questions by them.
3. People use metal for making machines.
Metal _________ __________ ________making machines.
4. He made me do that for him.
I ________ _________ _________ ________ that for him.
5.They are watching the football match.
The football match ________ __________ _________
by them.
6. The children will sing an English song.
An English song ___________ __________ ___________
by the children.
7. Tina is making the bed now.
The bed _________ ___________ ________by Tina now.
8. Tina made the bed yesterday.
The bed __________ _________by Tina yesterday.
9. Tina makes the bed every day.
The bed_________ ____________by Tina every day.
10. My mother wants me to drink some milk.
I__________ ____________to drink some milk.
11. They often clean their classroom after school.
Their classroom _____often______ by them after school.
12. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week.
A new pen ________ ___________ _____ Tom last week.
13. A lot of people in China can speak English now.
English __________ __________ ____________ by a lot
of people in China now.
14. I have learned English for about two years.
English _________ ______ ______ for about two years.
15. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.
（同义句转换）A birthday present ______ _______
______ _______by my parents every year．主动语态：主语动词宾语
We eat beef.
被动语态：Beef is eaten by us.
主语动词by+宾语。