非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词知识点笔记
非谓语动词知识点笔记要想学好英语,非谓语动词是必须掌握的知识点之一。
而非谓语动词主要分为三类:不定式、动名词和分词。
在实际应用中,我们需要掌握这些非谓语动词的用法和区别,正确使用它们来表达自己的意思。
一、不定式1. 不定式用作主语如:To learn a foreign language is important.2. 不定式用作宾语如:I want to buy a new phone.3. 不定式用作定语如:This is a good place to relax.4. 不定式用作表语如:My job is to help people.5. 不定式用作复合宾语如:I asked my teacher to help me.6. 不定式用作状语如:I went to the store to buy some bread.7. 不定式用作插入语如:To be honest, I don't like him.二、动名词1. 动名词用作主语如:Singing is my hobby.2. 动名词用作宾语如:I enjoy swimming in the pool.3. 动名词用作定语如:I love listening to music.4. 动名词用作表语如:His favorite activity is playing basketball.5. 动名词用作复合宾语如:She suggested going to the beach.6. 动名词用作状语如:He walked home humming a tune.三、分词1. 现在分词用作状语如:Walking in the park, she saw her friend.2. 现在分词用作定语如:The running dog chased the cat.3. 过去分词用作定语如:The broken vase has been fixed.4. 过去分词用作表语如:I am very excited about the movie we watched.5. 过去分词用作复合宾语如:I saw him standing at the corner.总结:1. 不定式和动名词都可以用来表示目的和原因,但在使用中要根据具体情况选择。
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由to加动词原形构成。
它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作主语To learn English well requires patience and perseverance.2. 作宾语He promised to help me with my homework.3. 作宾语补足语I want to become a doctor when I grow up.4. 作状语She went to the library to borrow some books.5. 作定语She is the first person to arrive at the party.二、动词动名词(Gerund)动词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加ing构成。
它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作主语Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 作宾语I enjoy painting in my free time.3. 作宾语补足语She kept her promise of helping the poor.4. 作状语He left without saying goodbye.5. 作定语The running water sounds very soothing.三、现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加ing构成。
它可以在句中担任形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作定语The crying baby woke up everyone in the house.2. 作状语She entered the room, singing a beautiful song.四、过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词的过去分词形式构成。
非谓语动词英语语法笔记
非谓语动词英语语法笔记1、非谓语动词:是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作,但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词,英语语法笔记!。
2、非谓语动词的分类:分词、动名词、动词不定式。
(1)动名词:其构成为动词原形+ing。
它的构成与现在分词完全相同,所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。
用法:可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
Eg:(1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语)(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语)(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语)(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语)原则:动名词从字面,即语法角度讲,是名词。
但是,其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。
所以,当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时,可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词;然而,当它用作句子主语时,若要体现这一点,则只能用所有格代词。
Eg:(1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词)(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词)(2)分词:分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。
现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同,而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。
同时,还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。
分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。
在详细阐述之前,必须先树立这样一个观念:现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。
这一点是学习分词的根基!(I)分词作定语:顾名思义,就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。
现在开一个十分简单的例子:a working desk --- a desk forworking/a working man --- a man who is/was working 显然,前这是一个动名词,后者是分词。
非谓语动词归纳笔记
非谓语动词归纳笔记非谓语动词是英语中常见的一种动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的形式之一。
它的基本形式是由to+动词原形构成,如to eat、to drink等。
不定式可以用来作主语,例如“To learn a foreign language is beneficial.”(学习一门外语是有益的。
)此外,不定式还可以用作宾语,例如“I want to go to the park.”(我想去公园。
)此外,不定式还可以用来作定语,例如“I have a book to read.”(我有本书要读。
)不定式也可以用来表示目的、原因、结果等,例如“He went to the store to buy some groceries.”(他去商店买了些杂货。
)动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如eating、drinking等。
动名词可以用来作主语、宾语和表语。
作主语时,动名词常常表示一种习惯、意愿或一般性的情况,例如“Reading books is my hobby.”(读书是我的爱好。
)动名词还可以用来作宾语,例如“Ienjoy swimming in the pool.”(我喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
)作表语时,动名词常常表示一种状态,例如“My favorite activity is hiking.”(我最喜欢的活动是徒步旅行。
)分词是非谓语动词中最复杂的形式之一。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如running、singing等。
过去分词是动词的第三人称单数和过去式形式,例如eaten、drunk等。
分词可以用来作定语和状语。
作定语时,分词通常修饰名词,例如“The broken window needs to be fixed.”(这个破窗户需要修理。
)作状语时,分词可以表示时间、原因、条件等,例如“I watched a movie,feeling relaxed.”(我看电影时感到很放松。
非谓语动词总结知识点
非谓语动词总结知识点一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。
动词不定式在句子中可以作多种成分,具有名词的性质。
下面是动词不定式的主要用法:1. 作主语:To travel around the world is my dream.2. 作宾语:I want to study English.3. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.4. 作表语:My goal is to improve my English.5. 作状语:He goes to the library to study every day.当动词不定式作为宾语补足语时,它可以由动词原形构成(Bare Infinitive)。
例如:I saw him draw a picture yesterday. (我昨天看到他画了一幅画。
)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是由动词的现在分词形式加上动词-ing构成的。
动名词在句子中可以作多种成分,具有名词的性质。
下面是动名词的主要用法:1. 作主语:Reading is my hobby.2. 作宾语:I enjoy swimming in the ocean.3. 作定语:I like watching movies.4. 作表语:His favorite activity is playing basketball.5. 作状语:He left without saying goodbye.动名词与不定式的区别在于,动名词具有名词的性质,而动词不定式具有动词的性质。
例如:I like swimming. (我喜欢游泳。
)I like to swim. (我喜欢游泳。
)动名词与动词不定式作宾语时,有时可以根据动词选择使用不定式还是动名词。
例如:I stopped smoking. (我戒烟了。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词笔记非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式,它不能独立作谓语,但可以在句中担任其他成分。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
下面是一些关于非谓语动词的笔记:1、非谓语动词的用法:非谓语动词可以在句中担任其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式和动名词可以在句中担任主语、宾语和表语,而分词则可以担任表语和定语。
2、非谓语动词的形式:非谓语动词有一般式、完成式和被动式。
一般式包括不定式的普通形式(to do)和动名词的一般形式(doing)。
完成式包括不定式的完成式(to have done)和动名词的完成式(having done)。
被动式包括不定式的被动式(to be done)和动名词的被动式(being done)。
3、非谓语动词的逻辑主语:非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者。
不定式的逻辑主语通常是通过介词for或of表示,而动名词的逻辑主语通常是通过名词所有格或代词所有格表示。
4、非谓语动词的时间关系:非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语所表示的动作发生的时间关系有先后关系、同时关系和交叉关系。
不定式和动名词表示将来的动作,而分词表示正在进行的动作或已经完成的动作。
5、非谓语动词的否定形式:非谓语动词的否定形式是在不定式前面加上not或never,或在动名词前面加上not或never。
6、非谓语动词的独立结构:非谓语动词有时可以独立成句,这种结构称为独立结构。
独立结构通常由非谓语动词的一般式或完成式加上其逻辑主语构成。
非谓语动词的复合结构:非谓语动词有时可以与助动词或情态动词结合构成复合结构。
例如,不定式的完成式可以与助动词have或情态7、动词can等结合使用。
非谓语动词的省略:在某些情况下,非谓语动词可以省略,例如在if条件状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致时,从句中的动词可以省略。
这些是关于非谓语动词的一些基本概念和用法,希望能帮助你更好地理解和掌握非谓语动词。
(精心整理)非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用动词不定式1用作主语:(1)常用it作形式主语:e.g. To learn a foreign language well is not easy.It(形式主语)is not easy to learn a foreign language well.(真正主语)(2)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用for sb.或of sb.):It is + adj. +for sb. + to do(强调to do 的动作)It is + adj. +of sb. + to do(强调sb.的品质特征)e.g. It is kind of you to help me in time.It is hard for you to help me in time.2用作宾语:e.g. He managed to send his son to study abroad, although he was not rich.(2)常用it作形式宾语e.g. Do you think it necessary to go there?3用作表语:(1)一般说来,不定式做表语,相当于名词,说明主语的内容e.g. My job is to drive the car.All she would do was to go home.(2)不定式作表语,要求保持句子的平衡,即主语为不定式,表语也必须用不定式e.g. To see is to believe.4用作宾补:e.g. I warned the boy not to be late again.(1)感官动词hearseenoticeobserve + sb + do(省略to的不定式)表示经常地、习惯的动作或全过程watchlisten tolook at(2)使役动词havemake + sb./ sth. +do (省略to的不定式)lete.g. I noticed her enter the office.We heard him sing every day.注意:在被动语态中to必须还原。
英语语法笔记非谓语动词
基础二班英语笔记非谓语动词---一、定义:非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括:①不定式②动名词③过去分词,即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
二、形式:1、to + V2、ving(①动名词②现在分词)3、ved三、to + v 用法:1、名词(作主、宾、表、同位语)①例如:动词不定式做主语、表语。
Eg:To see is to believe.To see 作主语,to believe 作表语,is 是谓语。
知识点复习:英语中一定是动词(谓语)的三种情况:⑴动词写成第三人称单数形式;⑵情态动词加动词原形;⑶be 动词写成am is are 或was were②例如:动词不定式做宾语I’m longing to see her again.To see 做宾语。
③不定式做同位语His ambition ,to be a teacher ,was never fulfilled.知识点复习,潜规则3:句子很工,双逗号部分之间内容往往可以跳过不读。
④不定式做表语:His ideal is to become a teacher .注:Wh 开头的特殊疑问词+ to v 的结构整体相当于一个名词用法。
What /when /where/who/which/why ,How 还有一个特殊的there to例如:I don’t know what to say .相当于名词,做宾语。
2、动词不定式相当于形容词作定语形容词做定语分为前定和后定,而不定式只能做后定。
特别注意:不定式作后置定语与他所修饰的词之间构成动宾关系,动宾关系举例:I eat a break ,不是所有动词都有宾语,非要加宾语则要加介词。
例如:I have a room to live.这句话错,正确应为:I have a room to live in .Eg :They chose to raid Mr Zhan’s shop Beause they have a very fast car to get away in 要加inI has a pen to write with.They have no ink to write in造句:我需要一把锤子把钉子钉进去。
非谓语动词笔记整理
非谓语动词一、做状语1.表示目的,通常要用不定式;表目的的不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后,且常用于in order to,so as to结构。
有时为了强调,可将不定式短语放到句首。
(1)We used the computer to save time.我们用电脑节约时间。
(2)In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。
注:不定式作状语只有表示目的时,才可以放到句首。
2.表示原因,通常用分词短语,且多放在句首,有时也放在句末,多用逗号隔开。
(1)Being very weak,she couldn’t move.由于身体虚弱,她不能行动。
(2)Much discouraged,she came back home.她很沮丧,回了家。
注:在表示情绪或情感反应的形容词(如happy,glad,sorry,sad,surprised,frightened,delighted,disappointed)后,可接不定式短语表示原因。
(1)I’m very pleased to meet you.会见你我很高兴。
(2)I’m proud to be your friend.当你的朋友我感到骄傲。
3、表示结果,用不定式或现在分词均可,但有区别:不定式表结果,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的,不定式前常加only,另外还用于too…to,enough to,never to,so/such…as to等固定结构中;现在分词表示结果,是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),前面可加上thus。
(1)He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.他是那样傻,竟然没锁车。
(2)He hurried to the house only to fond that it was empty.他匆忙赶到那屋子里,发现已经空无一人。
非谓语动词搭配必背笔记
非谓语动词搭配必背笔记一、不定式to do和分词doing/ done1、V+ to do(作宾语):只能接to do:want, decide, expect, hope, wish, manage, promise, plan, pretend, ask等2、V+宾语+to do(作宾补):(1)可接to do:invite, allow, advise, like, love ,order, prefer, teach, require, persuade,want, tell, ask, forbid, beg, expect, intend,need, permit,,remind,等(2)只能接to do:happen 碰巧,offer 主动提出,promise 答应,agree 同意,refuse拒绝,decide 决定,determine 决定、决心,pretend 假装,fail 未能够,learn,wish希望,hope,expect,afford 负担得起(3)后接do(省略to):使役动词:make, let , have ;感官动词see, watch, observe, lookat ,notice, hear, listen to, feel。
(变为被动语态必须带to)3、V+do (省略to不定式):(1)当动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词是使役动词和感官动词(2)在下列结构后:had better, would rather, would rather…than, cannot but(不得不), can’thelp but 等(3)在介词 but , except 之后,如果其前有实义动词do 的某种形式,不定式不带to,反之须带to . —have no choice but to do(4)表建议:Why do sth或 why not do sth,后接省略to的不定式动词4、V+ 宾语(动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同):1) Stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做2)Forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过3)Remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过4)Regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过5)Try to do 企图做,尽力做try doing 试着做6)Go on to do 继续做(另一件事) go on doing 继续做(同一件事)7)Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做5、主动式表示被动意义:need, require, want“需要”,be worth值得,后接动名词但意思表被动need/ want/require to be done/doingsb to do stheg:The flowers need watering/to be watered.6、感官动词的宾补的四种形式:see, watch, observe, look at ,notice, hear, listen to, feel, smellsee +宾语+ doing 看见正在做do 看见做了being done 看见正在被做7、使役动词+宾补:make, let , have, getmake +宾语+ do让…做done让…被做注:have sth to do,该结构中have表“有”,不是使役动词,不定式作后置定语8、常接done作宾补:get / find/ keep/ with sth done二、动名词(doing)1、作主语:It’s no good/use doing···,There is no point/ good/ use (in) doing2、V+doing (宾语)只能接动名词作宾语的动词:Admit允许,advise建议,risk冒险,appreciate感激,envy嫉妒,avoid避免,consider考虑,delay 延迟,deny否认,dislike不喜欢,enjoy喜欢,escape逃避,excuse原谅、宽恕,finish完成,forgive 原谅,understand理解,imagine想象,keep保持,mind介意,miss未达到,practise训练,resist抵抗,suggest建议;stand忍受3、介词to后作宾语:look forward to doing期望、盼望,be devoted to doing致力于…,stick to doing坚持,(get) be used to doing习惯于,object to doing反对,pay attention to doing注意,look up to doing尊敬4、动词短语后作宾语:can’t help doing禁不住,can’t stand doing无法忍受,,be busy doing忙于···,fee like doing 想要···,be surprised at doing对……感到惊讶,be proud of doing以……为骄傲, succeed in doing在某方面成功,be afraid of doing害怕,give up doing放弃,put off doing推迟。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词非谓语动词:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词1. 做主语。
谓语动词用单数2. 没有人称和数的变化3. 所有非谓语动词的否定式都是在前加notⅠ.不定式(inf)不定式是非谓语动词一种形式,加称为不定式符号,其后的动词可代宾语和状语,不定式同其宾语和状语构成不定式短语,不定式在句中可做主语,宾语,表语,补足语,状语,定语。
To do sth ---not to do sth动词不定式的句法作用:1.做主语 to learn foreign language is difficultIt is difficult to learn foreign language 为了保持平衡通常把不定式做主语改为it作形式主语的结构即:it is +n\adj +(for|of)sb+inf某些表人的品行的形容词作表语时不定式前常用of引起的短语作逻辑主语(常见词有kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,voise,foolish,stupid,polite,impolite,cleve r,silly,right,thoughtful,rude2.作表语不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,become,prove,remain,happen,等后边作表语His wise is to become a popular singerThis suit doesn’t se em to fit her.3. 作宾语能直接接不定式作宾语的动词有want wish hope learn plan ask help agree promise decide choose refuse manage determine pretendWe agreed to meet here, but so far he haven’t turned up.动词+疑问词+不定式I didn’t know what to do next.He has decided how to deal with it.常见动词有 decide find out forget know learn remember see think understand wonder动词不定式作介词宾语except/but 除了介词except 和but 之后,接inf 作介宾时,如果这两个介词前面出现了动词do 相应的形式的时候,可省略不定式to 否则to需保留。
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是指动词的非动词形式,分为动词不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。
下面是非谓语动词的最全知识点总结:一、动词不定式(Infinitive)1.动词不定式的形式:- 常规形式:to+动词原形(to do)- 被动形式:to be done- 完成形式:to have done2.动词不定式的用法:- 作主语:To read books is my hobby.- 作宾语:I want to go home.- 作定语:Can you give me something to eat?- 作状语:I study hard to pass the exam.3.动词不定式与一些动词搭配:- 动词make, let, have, help后接动词原形作宾语:She made me clean the room.- 动词比如tell, ask, advise, want, expect后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语:She told me to go there.二、动名词(Gerund)1.动名词的形式:- 动词原形+ing(doing)2.动名词的用法:- 作主语:Swimming is good for health.- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.- 作表语:His job is teaching English.- 作定语:The running water sounds relaxing.- 作状语:I walked home, singing songs.3.动名词与一些动词搭配:- 动词stop, finish, keep, mind后接动名词作宾语:He finished reading the book.- 动词enjoy, dislike, mind后接动名词作宾语:I enjoy swimming.三、现在分词(Present Participle)1.现在分词的形式:- 原形+ing(doing)2.现在分词的用法:- 作定语:The crying baby needs attention.- 作状语:He left the party, feeling disappointed.3.现在分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词keep, catch, find后接现在分词作宾补:I caught him stealing my money.- 动词see, hear, notice后接现在分词作宾补:I saw him walking in the park.四、过去分词(Past Participle)1.过去分词的形式:- 动词的过去分词形式(done)2.过去分词的用法:- 用于完成时态:I have finished my homework.- 用于被动语态:The book was written by him.3.过去分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词have, has, had, get, be等后接过去分词构成完成时态:He has eaten breakfast.- 动词make, let, have, get后接过去分词构成被动语态:She was made to clean the room.。
非谓语动词知识点总结
I.概述1.根本形式的变化:不定式:时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意:不及物动词没有被动式动名词He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)(= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分工程/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式△△△△△△过去分词△△△△注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
非谓语动词要点笔记
非谓语动词作谓语动词非谓语: 不是作谓语,而是作定语、表语、宾补、状语、主语、宾语等。
1.-ing非谓语动词 2. –ed1. –ing 形式动名词:动词+ing, 具有名词的性质。
ing2. 分词:现在分词。
1. 作主语:Seeing is believing.It is no use doing something.2. 作宾语:like doing sth.ing : 动名词be fond of doing sthpay attention to doing sth3. 作表语:Seeing is believing.4. 作定语:(表用途和目的)a walking sticka sleeping bag1.作定语:○1单个ing作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前。
a waiting car○2-ed 短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。
the car waiting for you2. 作宾补(主补):see sb doing sthsb be seen doing sthcatch sb doing sthsb be caught doing sth3. 作表语:(形容词化)The news is exciting.4. 作状语:○1作时间状语= when 从句Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.= When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.1.当主句主语和从句主语一致时,变为非谓语时,应去掉从句主语,若有be动词一并去掉,把动词改为非谓语动词(ing),连词可省可不省。
ing : 分词 2. ing作状语,主语和ing是主动关系,谓语和非谓语同时发生。
○2作原因状语= because从句Being ill today, he didn’t go to school.= Because he was ill today, he didn’t go to school.○3作条件状语= if 从句Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Great Wall.= If weather permits, we’ll go to the Great Wall.○4作方式状语= by doing sthHe came running all the way.= He came by running all the way.○5作伴随状语= and 分句We went to the Great Wall, singing and laughing.= We went to the Great Wall and we were singing and laughing.○6作结果状语= and分句His parents died, leaving nothing but debts.= His parents died and left nothing but debts.○7独立成分作状语(插入语)Judging from his accent, he is from Chongqing.Generally speaking, he can do it well.ing 的否定形式:not doing sth.ing 的形式:一般式:doing 否定:not doing完成式:having done 否定:not having done被动式:being done被动完成式:having been done1.2.Not having received his letter, he decided to write to him again. 注意:1. having done 不能作定语,只能作状语。
非谓语笔记——精选推荐
非谓语动词非谓语动词部分在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫非谓语动词。
它们保留了动词的特性,具有时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词分为不定式、V-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。
一、非谓语动词时态、语态的形式(以动词do为例)二、非谓语动词所承担的句法功能三、不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的作用1.作主语如:T o smoke is bad for the health. = It is bad for the health to smoke.[注]不定式在句子中作主语时,通常用it 作形式主语,而将不定式后置。
如:①It is important to know the culture of the foreign countries.②It is a custom to shake hands with people every morning in some countries..③It is bad manners for a guest to eat with feet pointing to the others.2.作表语如:Nodding one’s head is to say“Y es”.[注]除了系动词be 外,seem ,appear, happen, prove 等词后也常带不定式。
如:①He seems to be very happy.②She appeared to be very tired.3.作宾语如:①He promised to buy me a bike as a present.②They agreed to help me with my English.[注]能用不定式作宾语的常见动词有:agree, ask, promise, want, like, pretend, wish ,choose, decide, offer, hope, seek ,continue, try, intend , learn, expect, determine, plan, manage, refuse, fail等。
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是指动词的非时态形式,它不具备时态和人称的变化。
常见的非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面是非谓语动词的最全知识点总结:1. 动词不定式(to-不定式):-用法:- 作主语:To travel is my dream.- 作宾语:I want to go home.- 作定语:This is a book to read.- 作状语:He studies hard to pass the exam.- 不定式的否定形式:not + 不定式- 不定式的完成形式:to have + 过去分词- 不定式的被动形式:to be + 过去分词2. 动名词(-ing 形式):-用法:- 作主语:Swimming is good exercise.- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.- 作表语:His favorite activity is playing soccer.- 作定语:I have a writing assignment.- 作状语:She left, crying.- 动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词-动名词可以表示一些动作、状态或者习惯性的行为3.分词:- 现在分词(-ing 形式):-用法:- 作定语:The running water is cold.- 作状语:He left, whistling a tune.-合并式现在分词:在主语和系动词之间发生合并,形成一个合并式的形容词。
- The girl is crying. (合并式:The girl is crying.)- 过去分词(一般以 -ed 或 -en 结尾):-用法:- 作定语:A broken window needs to be fixed.- 作状语:I was tired, so I went to bed.-分词作定语时,与被修饰词之间具有被动、完成、被完成等被动意义。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语的时态不定式to do/ to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been doneI plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.The students pretended to be doing their homework when the teacher came in. He is believed to be coming.(表将来)He is believed to have come.The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.现在分词doing/being done/having done/having been doneThe man standing at the window is our teacher.Being a student, he was interested in books.The question being discussed is important.Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the place very well. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.过去分词doneThe teacher stood there surrounded by the students.非谓语作状语不定式作状语不定式表目的Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of music.不定式表“意外或事与愿违”的结果He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.表示情感、情绪的形容词作表语,后接不定式表原因I’m very glad to see you.I’m so sorry to hear about your failure in business.be + adj. + to do(不定式作表语形容词的状语,与主语构成动宾关系,不定式用主动形式,因为通常认为形容词后省略了for one/for people)The book is difficult to understand.English is easy to learn.分词作状语(分词主语与主句一致)v-ing作状语(主动,同时)Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3、英语语法学习笔记-非谓语动词
非谓语动词谓语动词的另一个称谓叫限定性动词(finite verbs),与之相对的非限定性动词(non-finite verbs)不受到主语、人称限制、限定的动词,此类动词失去表达时间和人称的能力。
这样的动词就是非谓语动词。
谓语动词是句子的核心,非谓语动词职能出现在非核心的内容中。
1、动词不定式(infinitive)不定式是指不受人称、时间的限制,通常为to+动词原形。
如:To be or not to be,that is the question.此类句子被称为完全不定式(full infinitive )但是有时to也会被省略,如:You helped me (to) cook the carrot.此类句子被称为裸不定式(bare infinitive)谓语动词只能作为核心成分,非谓语动词可以做其他成分。
(1)动词不定式做主语To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.划线部分即为句子的主语,如果用it作为形式主语来代替主语,而将主语“To eat a carrot every day”放在谓语动词之后,It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot everyday.(it is + adj+for sb+to do sth.)这句话也是带形式主语。
(2)动词不定式做宾语The rabbit likes to eat carrots.注意有的动词后面不能接作为宾语的动词不定式。
I consider(复杂及物动词)the rabbit smart.用it作为形式宾语,I consider it important to eat a carrot everyday.(3)动词不定式作为宾语补足语The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.see、find、watch、have、make、left这类使役动词用不定式作宾语时,必须省略to,如:Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.其他谓语动词接不定式作为宾语补足语时,是否省略to都是正确的表达。
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、V-ing形式、V-ed形式三类。
它们没有人称和数的变化,但是有的有时态和语态形式变化,还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。
定义:在句中不充当谓语的动词称作非谓语动词。
形式:doing---动名词to do---不定式分词---现在分词doing 过去分词---done
后跟doing型(偏执型)
动词+doing:例:enjoy, keep, be busy, finish, mind, can`t help, spend+时间+doing。
介词+doing:例:after, before, feel like
注意:
“to”作为介词时后跟doing。
例:I go to school.
“to”作为不定式时后跟do.例:I want to read the English books.
常考短语:look forward to doing----期盼。
例:I look forward to receiving your letter.
Be used to doing----习惯于。
例:I am used to walking my bear at 24.
Prefer doing A to doing B----宁愿做…也不愿做...例:I prefer reading English books to watching TV.
后跟doing表被动
在need, want, require, be worth后加doing表示被动
例:My bag needs mending.
后跟to do 型(偏执型)
动词+to do 例:I ask you to go swimming with a shark.
记忆口诀:要想拒绝命令,决定告诉教警。
Ask, want, refuse, order, decide, tell, teach, warn
注意:否定形式在to do 前加not
特殊疑问词+to do=从句
注意why后加裸不定式,省略to
例:I don`t know whether to buy it.
后跟裸不定式省略to
记忆口诀:一感,二听,三使,四看(snow),半帮助
Feel, listen to/hear, make/let/have, see/notice/observe/watch, help
使用规则:
这些动词后跟to do时,省略to.
例:No one can make my cry.
其中一感,二听,四看,半帮助动词,后也可加do/doing.
例:I see him steal / stealing.
当这些词用于被动时,后跟to do(被动语态恢复to) 例:He was made to cry.
语法重点:无头鬼句型一
北京的一个年轻人厌倦了睡在地板上。
A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor.
他攒了好些年的钱为了买一张真正的床。
He saved up for years to buy a real bed.
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
无头鬼句型使用的条件:两句主语一致,两句意思有联系。
无头鬼句型使用的步骤:
第一步:确定主从句。
第二步:砍头,去掉从句的主语,如果从句的主语更详细,则换头。
用从句主语替换主句主语。
第三步:止血,在谓语动词的原型前加ing。
第四步:拆绷带,如果出现being可省略。
连接得出的句子,并分析其句子成分:
The boy forgot his key to the house. Forgetting his key to the house,
He telephoned his mother. The boy telephoned his mother.
分词做状语
分词的种类及区别:现在分词---表主动过去分词---表被动
分词的使用规则:看分词与句中主语的主被动关系
分词与句中主语主动关系---现在分词分词与句中主语被动关系---过去分词
语法重点:无头鬼句型二
找出下面句子的所有分词并分析它们在句子中所充当的成分
Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find the buried treasure.状语谓语状语定语分词做状语:
看分词与句中主语的主被动关系,被动关系---过去分词,主动关系---现在分词
Hearing (hear) the crying, they ran out to help.
分词做定语:
看分词与被修饰名词的主被动关系,被动关系---过去分词,主动关系---现在分词
Damaged car / broken glass / sleeping baby / boiling water
常考词汇
1、后+动名词doing
避免错过少延期,建议完成多练习。
Avoid, miss, put off, suggest\advice, finish, practise
喜欢想象禁不住,承认否认与嫉妒。
Enjoy, imagine , can`t help, admit, deny, envy.
逃避冒险莫原谅,忍受保持不介意。
Escape, risk, excuse, bear\stand, keep, mind
后+不定式to do与doing动名词意义大不相同的词
一记二忘三遗憾四试五图六停止七继续八担心
Remember to do \ remember doing记得要去做、记得已经做过
Forget to do \ forget doing忘记要去做、忘记已经做过
Regret to do \ regret doing遗憾去做、后悔做过
Try to do \ try doing努力做、尝试做
Mean to do \ mean doing打算做、意味着
Stop to do \ stop doing停下来去做另外一件事、停止做
Go on to do \ go on doing 做完某事接着做另外一件事、继续做同一件事
Be afraid to do \ be afraid of doing不敢做、担心做。