上海市六校2018届高三上学期12月联考英语试题
2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对)
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who canapply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph “field s” mostly probably means______________.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?A. High costB. Expert crisisC. Technological problemD. Customer interactionsKeys: 60-62 D C ASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Think the world loves your selfies as much as you do? Not exactly.It’s become something of a ritual for many of us. When you’ve binge-watched everything on Netflix and you are tired of online shopping, you head to the bathroom to put on your very best makeup. Y our goal is clear; to get the perfect selfie for Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat…or, more likely, all of the above. After perfecting your eyeliner and curling your lashes, you’re ready. Y ou hold up your phone, pout those lips real tight, and in an instant, snap.But wait, have you ever wondered what’s behind your burning desire to self-document? Most people would say that this is a form of expression or perhaps even a way of boosting their self-esteem. Whatever your reasons may be, the moment you upload that picture, it’s no longer yours to judge. Indeed, you pass over that immense power to the online world.While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others did the same thing.Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media. Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.The research didn’t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as “ self-ironic” and “authentic”, whereas they think that other people’sselfies as “less authentic” and more “self-presentational”.In short, this research suggests that there is a massive gulf of difference between how we see our own selfies and how we judge other people’s pictures. It suggests that we are comfortable with the selfies we post since we believe they are obviously not serious or vain, but we think everyone else is a total egotist for doing the very same thing.“This may explain how everybody can take selfies without feeling narcissistic. If most people think like this, then it is no wonder that the world is full of selfies,” explains Diefenbach. So, as illogical as it sounds, this could be why we unashamedly post selfies and then judge other people for doing so. Somehow, we are able to separate our own selfies from the sea of them online and naively think that ours are the only authentic ones.So, the next time you idly reach for your phone and flick through the filters, consider this: The people around you may not need another carefully planned snap of your face. Instead, you might be better off, giving it a break and calling off the selfie photo shoot today. While you’re at it, make sure you never post these pictures on social media either.60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?A. To show others what kind of persons they are.B. To be more confident about themselves.C. To encourage others to make comments on them.D. To make others like them more.61. What does the word “paradox”(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements62. According to the passage, what are people’s attitudes towards selfies?A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others’ selfies.B. They believe that other people’s selfies are much better than their own.C. They think that other people’s selfies are as genuine as theirs.D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.Keys: 60-62 CBASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Outdoor RecreationGet outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at lwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.Upcoming adventuresTBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain BikingParticipants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the foresttrails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking TrailsA bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw CavesThe Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.......60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?A. You can’t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________.A. B.C. D.62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men’s only) on Millitary Trail.D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.Keys: 60-61 CADSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics 控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purposewhich we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Keys: 58-61 AADCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room isready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‘infuriate’, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York'B. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisKeys: 60-62 ABDSix【2018届上海市交大附中高三下学期开学考试题】Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)About Old Faithful – The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscovered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions — which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesn’t like to act average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is itpossible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 14:06C. 15:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 timeseach day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount ofwater it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on whichthe predictions are calculated by the naturalists.D. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each timeand it’s located in the world’s largest national park.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.B. The Yellowstone official website.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.Keys: 59-61 CDASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me forsuch a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile（协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t’ mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.60.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_________ .A)wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality.B)intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist.C)wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.D)intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals.61.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected___________.A)to have an excellent academic record.B)to be wise and mature.C)to be imaginative with a value system to guide him.D)to be a technical genius with a wide vision.62.The author’s experience shows that he was___________.A)creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrationalKeys: 60-62 BDCEight 【2018届上海市复旦附中高三英语教学质量调研试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Learning English Video Project1. Encounters in the UK (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini-series. It tells thestory of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England tostudy with local families in what is called a “homestay” arrangement. For the fourgirls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience. As one of the homestayhosts explains: “It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learningEnglish, but in learning about life.”Watch with: subtitles | transcript | no subtitles | Comments2. Stories from Morocco (16 minutes)Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca, Morocco, this film features footage and interviews focusing onkey questions such as “Why are people learning English?” and “What tips andadvice car learners offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challengesof English language learning in Morocco. Interviewees touch on a variety of topicsincluding British vs American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities ofEnglish to French and Spanish.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments3. Thoughts from Brazil (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China, Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends inlearning English, especially for children and teens, it will be of particular interest toall those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personalinterests such as music, gaming and social media with self-study. As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo, Brazil, hediscovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning bydoing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments59. From the passage we can conclude that “Learning English Video Project” is most probably .A. an online language learning courseB. audio documents on language learningC. a series of short video programsD. a set of films on English-speaking countries60. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch .A. Encounters in the UKB. Stories from MoroccoC. Thoughts from BrazilD. Insights from China61. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil?A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative.B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners.C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning.D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners.Keys: 59-61 CBDNine 【2018届上海市光明中学高三英语上学期开学考试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B ，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray LineBrisbane.Their widerange of tours in air -conditioned coaches, combined with theguide'sexpert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour (tour B481)Departs: daily 9:00 am.Returns: 11:45 am.Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture,colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.-Cathedral Square -Parliament House -Windmill -Anzac Square-City Hall -Chinatown -Captain Cook and Story BridgeAdult Concession Child $69 $67 $45。
2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(精确校对)
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or,importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because_____________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.57.Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.58.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Away from home, and eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full. It is a language all its own, and no words can say ‚“Glad to meet you…glad to be doing business with you…” quite like sharing a meal offered by your heart.Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say. “ Thanks, but no thanks.” Acceptance of the host, country, and company. So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow. Or, as one experienced traveler says, “Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere.”Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country’s proudest cooking achievement .What would America think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sizzling steak? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it. After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep’s eye, and a first something you dip in butter and eat. By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep’s eyes are a delicacy, in par ts of China it’s bear’s paw soup.Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites. It helps, though, to slice any item very thin. This way, you minimize the texture—gristly（软骨的）,slimy（粘滑的）and so on---and the reminder of where it came from. Or, “Swallow it quickly.” as one traveler recommends, “I still can’t tell you what sheep’s eyeballs taste like.” As for dealing with taste, the old line that “it tastes just like chicken” is often thankfully true. Even when “it” is really rat or snake.Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating. What’s for dinner? Don’t ask. Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus. Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is the chicken in that soup.56. Who is the passage most probably written for?A. Those who are going to have trip abroad.B. Those who want to cook food from another countryC. Those who are going to teach people from different countriesD. Those who want to take part in an international cooking contest57. The phrase “a cast-iron stomach” probably refers to a stomach_____________.A. equipped with iron devicesB. never failing youC. sensitive to various tastesD. not allergic to iron58. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the passage when you are offered some food youdon’t like?A. Cutting it into small piecesB. Swallowing it without hesitationC. Avoid figuring out what it isD. Pleasing the host while eating59. Which of the following can be served as a conclusion for the passage?A. Chicken is a delicacy for everyone.B. “It tastes like chicken” may help.C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.D. Eating various things can keep you fit.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' wall-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A Word Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.56. T he critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should be more concerned about_____________.A. The potential greenhouse effectB. The bad consequences of genetically engineered cropsC. How to get rid of povertyD. How to develop education57. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air.B. Developing countries’ economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmentalproblems right now.C. The conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now willgenerally cost less.D. The conventional wisdom has it that solving environment problems may hurt economicgrowth.58. The underlined word “pundits” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.A. expertsB. politiciansC. institute’sD. educators59. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To analyze the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries.B. To explain why developing countries should handle the environmental problemsimmediately.C. To demonstrate what serious damage pollution can do to a country’s economicdevelopment.D. To explain why rich countries’ environmental concerns have little to do immediate threats.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.◆HungryOur exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonals. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny W ay entrance. ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. T oday Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over W ashington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.56.Where are you buy a at Science CenterA. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the last Denny.D. At the Denny Way entrance.57.What’s the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt thatsome leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor —charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others' feelings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-pla ying skills that allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open-to out-of-the-box thin ki ng, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It's really entrepreneurial firms. It's also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it Kai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X®1 narcissistic(自恋的)，self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian (专制的).As Peters says: “ Where it is a problem is where you have' look at me, I'm a star'.”56.Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph?A.charmB. characterC. gratitudeD. optimism57.The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their___________.A. proper role-playing skillsB. subtle emotional expressivenessC. marvelous problem-solving abilityD. unconventionality in the crowds58. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?A. The one who has a heroical image.B. The one who can speak for us.C. The one who is a collective version of us.D. The one who resembles us in characteristic.59.Wha t’s Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?A. CriticalB. ApprovedC. NeutralD. SuspiciousSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held a box of tissue while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my father’s death, and prayed for me my entire life.When mother’s illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals,taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, and I was alone.Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick steps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.“I’m late,” he explained, though no explanation was necessary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, “Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?”“Because that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary.” I whispered, wondering who was this stranger anyway?“ Isn’t this the Lutheran church?”“Oh...”“I believe you’re at the wrong funeral, sir.”The solemnness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with realization of the man’s mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final ‘Amen’, we rush ed out a door and into the parking lot. “I do believe we’ll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick.” he smile d.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, he gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them “Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it’s truly a match made in Heaven.”56. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because___________.A. she was the only child in the family.B. a lovely baby came into her brother’s family.C. she was the only child without a new family’s burden.D. her mom loved her much more than other children.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.58. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting LoveSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are att ending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too m uch. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t abso rb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.Perhaps collegedoesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56..According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT____________．A.about half of the high school graduates continue their studies at schoolB.college graduates are believed to be able to earn more moneyC.administrators often encourage college students to drop outD.more and more young people are found unfit for college57.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___________.A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.B.High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.C.Too many students have to earn their own living.D.College administrators encourage students to drop out.58.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Our college experience proves that those surveys are incorrect．B．The surveys may remind us of our beautiful college experiences．C．The surveys should all be re－examined according to our college experiences．D．Our college experiences may make us misunderstand the results of the surveys．59.What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To argue against the idea that college is the best place for all young people．B．To put forward an idea that college should not be the first choice．C．To value young people’s further education in colleges．D．To persuade young people into working after the completing of high school．Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people - the ‘deportees’ of the cutting - are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth.Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table …the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and in a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intenselyopen in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She was looking to remember, for ever….56. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War Ⅱ.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.57. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre happened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.58. The woman stared at her child fiercely probably because _____ .A. she found her child was trembling and crying for foodB. she thought she would never see her child any moreC. she was filled with an attempt to escape from deathD. she was driven mad by the life in the transit campSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)How Would Y ou Like to Pay?How do you pay for your coffee?Is it with change?I use my tap-and-go card.I don't even need to enter my PIN number or a signature to approve payment.It's quicker and everybody in the queue is happy.Contactless payments are gaining popularity.Those concerned about security will be pleased to know that the amount of money you can spend in one-go is limited—in the UK it's currently ￡30.But if the card is used a few times in a row,a PIN number will be needed.If a thief gets hold。
2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解A篇(带答案精确校对)
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikelyto deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because_____________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.57.Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.58.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Keys: 56-59 A C B DSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Away from home, and eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full. It is a language all its own, and no words can say ‚“Glad to meet you…glad to be doing business with you…” quite like sharing a meal offered by your heart.Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say. “ Thanks, but no thanks.” Acceptance of the host, country, and company. So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow. Or, as one experienced traveler says, “Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere.”Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country’s proudest cooking achievement .What would America think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sizzling steak? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it. After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep’s eye, and a first something you dip in butter and eat. By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep’s eyes are a delicacy, in par ts of China it’s bear’s paw soup.Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites. It helps, though, to slice any item very thin. This way, you minimize the texture—gristly（软骨的）,slimy（粘滑的）and so on---and the reminder of where it came from. Or, “Swallow it quickly.” as one traveler recommends, “I still can’t tell you what sheep’s eyeballs taste like.” As for dealing with taste, the old line that “it tastes just like chicken” is often thankfully true. Even when “it” is really rat or snake.Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating. What’s for dinner? Don’t ask. Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus. Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is the chicken in that soup.56. Who is the passage most probably written for?A. Those who are going to have trip abroad.B. Those who want to cook food from another countryC. Those who are going to teach people from different countriesD. Those who want to take part in an international cooking contest57. The phrase “a cast-iron stomach” probably refers to a stomach_____________.A. equipped with iron devicesB. never failing youC. sensitive to various tastesD. not allergic to iron58. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the passage when you are offered some food youdon’t like?A. Cutting it into small piecesB. Swallowing it without hesitationC. Avoid figuring out what it isD. Pleasing the host while eating59. Which of the following can be served as a conclusion for the passage?A. Chicken is a delicacy for everyone.B. “It tastes like chicken” may help.C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.D. Eating various things can keep you fit. Keys: 56-59 ABDCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world's environmentalconcerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' wall-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A Word Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.56. T he critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries holdthat poor countries should be more concerned about_____________.A. The potential greenhouse effectB. The bad consequences of genetically engineered cropsC. How to get rid of povertyD. How to develop education57. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air.B. Developing countries’ economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmentalproblems right now.C. The conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now willgenerally cost less.D. The conventional wisdom has it that solving environment problems may hurt economicgrowth.58. The underlined word “pundits” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.A. expertsB. politiciansC. institute’sD. educators59. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To analyze the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries.B. To explain why developing countries should handle the environmental problemsimmediately.C. To demonstrate what serious damage pollution can do to a country’s economicdevelopment.D. To explain why rich countries’ environmental concerns have little to do immediate threats.Keys: 56-59 CDABSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.◆HungryOur exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonals. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny W ay entrance. ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. T oday Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over W ashington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.56.Where are you buy a at Science CenterA. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the last Denny.D. At the Denny Way entrance.57.What’s the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.Keys: 56-57 BASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor —charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others' fee lings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if the y are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are o pen-to out-of-the-box thin ki ng, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It's really entrepreneurial firms. It's also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because itKai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X®1 narcissistic(自恋的)，self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian (专制的).As Peters says: “ Where it is a problem is where you have' look at me, I'm a star'.”56.Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph?A.charmB. characterC. gratitudeD. optimism57.The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their___________.A. proper role-playing skillsB. subtle emotional expressivenessC. marvelous problem-solving abilityD. unconventionality in the crowds58. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?A. The one who has a heroical image.B. The one who can speak for us.C. The one who is a collective version of us.D. The one who resembles us in characteristic.59.Wha t’s Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?A. CriticalB. ApprovedC. NeutralD. SuspiciousKeys: 56-57 BACCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held a box of tissue while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my fa ther’s death, and prayed for me my entire life.When mother’s illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals,taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, and I was alone.Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick steps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.“I’m late,” he explained, though no explanation was nece ssary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, “Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?”“Because that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary.” I whispered, wondering who was this stranger anyway?“ Isn’t this the Lutheran church?”“Oh...”“I believe you’re at the wrong funeral, sir.”The solemnness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with realization of the man’s mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughingtoo, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final ‘Amen’, we rush ed out a door and into the parking lot. “I do believe we’ll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick.” he smiled.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, he gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them “Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it’s truly a match made in Heaven.”56. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because___________.A. she was the only child in the family.B. a lovely baby came into her brother’s family.C. she was the only child without a new family’s burden.D. her mom loved her much more than other children.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.58. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting LoveKeys: 56-58 CDBSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiment s and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merelythe ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56..According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT____________．A.about half of the high school graduates continue their studies at schoolB.college graduates are believed to be able to earn more moneyC.administrators often encourage college students to drop outD.more and more young people are found unfit for college57.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___________.A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.B.High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.C.Too many students have to earn their own living.D.College administrators encourage students to drop out.58.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Our college experience proves that those surveys are incorrect．B．The surveys may remind us of our beautiful college experiences．C．The surveys should all be re－examined according to our college experiences．D．Our college experiences may make us misunderstand the results of the surveys．59.What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To argue against the idea that college is the best place for all young people．B．To put forward an idea that college should not be the first choice．C．To value young people’s further education in colleges．D．To persuade young people into working after the completing of high school．Keys: 56-59 CBDASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people - the ‘deportees’ of the cutt ing - are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth.Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table …the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and in a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intensely open in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She wa s looking to remember, for ever….56. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War Ⅱ.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.57. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre h appened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.。
2018届高三上学期12月学习能力诊断英语试卷 含答案
2018学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试题2018.12高三英语试卷(听力略）Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that (21) __________ you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people,the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.One London resident, however, is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42,an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22) _________ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (黴章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23)__________ (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign (24)_________ (feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) __________ own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them.“I (26)_______ h ardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) ____________ work. It doesn’tneed to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) _______________ (mirror) in the UK following his campaign? “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29)____________ I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.”So if you ever end up (30) _______ (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ______ t o deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a swrge(大浪）in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33) ________ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time…His followers don’t fact-check anything - they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34) _____ rumours circulating online in 2018 and found that sharesand social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌）those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’shopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_______ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re im mune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)______________ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37) _______ p ractically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38)____________ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39) ________ . Even ifpeople are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40)__________ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.II.ReadingComprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there arc four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Two key climate change indicators — global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2018, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2018 set a record as the warmest (41) month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42) 1880,according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from January to June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n) (43) ________ temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the late nineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2018 also (44) _________ the smallest respective monthly Arctic sea ice (45)_______ since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46)_____, March, recorded the second smallest for that month.(47) ____ these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2018, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48) ________________ of heat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49) _________ 40 percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) ___________ at a rate of 13.4 percent per decade."While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51) ___________ the gaining global temperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.(52) ____ El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2018, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53) _________ t he overall warming that has taken place in that time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54) _______ in the Arctic, said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard."It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55) _____________ h ave led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ALate one autumn day at the aquatic center (水上运动中心）in Ancenis, France, something went quietly, horribly wrong. An 18-year-old named Jean-Francois LeRoy was a regular, coming often in the early evenings to swim in the 25-meter pool. Drownings are often difficult to spot. Most are near-silent incidents where the victim quickly sinks out of view. On this particular day maybe the lifeguards weren't paying as close attention as they should have been. Certainly they believed the tall athletic LeRoy was not a high-risk swimmer.But on this evening LeRoy was practicing apnea(屏气）swimming—testing how far he could swim underwater on one breath—and at some point, without making any visible or audible disturbance on the water's surface, he lost consciousness. The guards failed to notice as he stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of the deep end of the pool. With his arms crossed over his head and his feet twitching (抽搐),he was unconscious and drowning. It would lake him as little as four minutes to die.Although the human lifeguards witching the pool were unaware, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing and taking notice. Just nine months earlier the center had installed a state-of-the-art electronic surveillance system called Poseidon, a network of cameras that feeds a computer programmed to use a set of complex mathematical procedure to distinguish between normal and distressed swimming. Poseidon covers a pool's entire swimming area and can distinguish among dim reflections, shadows, and actual swimmers. It can also tell when real swimmers are moving in a way they're not supposed to. When the computer detects a possible problem, it instantly activates a beeper to warn lifeguards and displays the exact incident location on a monitor. The rest is up to the humans above the water.Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed the large, sinking lump that was Jean-Francois LeRoy, lifeguards had LeRoy out of the pool and gave him first aid. He started breathing again. After one night in the local hospital, he was released with no permanent damage. Poseidon had saved his life.56.People sometimes fail to detect accidents in the swimming pool because ___________ .A.lifeguards neglect their dutiesB. drowning men don’t struggle in waterC.there is no electronic surveillance system installedD.drownings often occur quietly and quickly57.Which of the following statements in NOT true?A.Lifeguards will give way to Poseidon system.B.Poseidon system can locate drowning incidents.C.Poseidon system can pick out unusual swimmers.D.Lifeguards will count on Poseidon system.58.The purpose of this passage is to ________________ .A.publicize a machine which can watch out for swimmers in distressB.tell people what may happen in a swimming poolC.warn swimmers not to swim underwater aloneD.advertise an aquatic center equipped with state-of-the-art devicesBThe first animals on earth were never able to achieve much in the world because they lived in the sea, which provided limited oxygen, and they had no backbone. For ages there were many kinds of these animals living in the sea and on land. They differed widely from each other and included such creatures as insects and worms. They had no brain, and therefore none of these animals without a backbone has ever been of much importance. They are wonderfully made but differ so widely that it is really impossible to arrange them in a simple order. However, those who study the different kinds of backboned animals find they can all be arranged in a simple way. More importantly, it is possible to show which class evolved first, which last, and so on.The five great classes of backboned animals are: fishes, amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals. A common amphibian is the frog which is able to live in water and on land. A mammal feeds its young by giving milk. There are very great differences between a fish, a frog, a horse, a bird and a man; yet they all have a backbone.A great step was taken when some creatures swam ashore. Perhaps it all began when the frog developed. Even today, a baby frog, the tadpole, begins as a fish, having gills (鳃),but then becomes a frog with lungs. The frog even develops feet and hands similar to ours in bone structure. Ages ago the first frog laid down the plan of the kind of limbs(肢）which all backboned animals, including humans, have bad, though some of them, like the bird, do not keep this kind offive-fingered limb all their lives.When the frog has grown from a tadpole to a backboned animal with four limbs, breathing air by means of lungs, it is very like certain of the next class ofbackboned animals-- the reptiles. The larger reptiles living on earth for manyyear ago were dinosaurs. Some of the smaller ones grew stretches of skinbetween their outspread fingers to form wings. We do know, from fessilized(化石的）remains, that the first birds were flying reptiles with sharp teeth. Whata strange world it must have been during these times!59. The author believes that animals without backbones ______.A. had no brain so they did not surviveB. were difficult to classifyC. have been important creaturesD. are easily placed in order of arrival60. From the article we can know ______.A. animals had a backbone but no brainB. insects came from wormsC.animals came from insectsD. the time order of species61.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A.The first bird developed from a flying fish.B.The horse belongs to the amphibian family.C.The hand of a frog has four fingers and a thumb.D.All the animals have got backbones inside their body.62.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.How Backboned Animals EvolvedB. How to Classify All Living ThingsC. The Life Cycle of a FrogD. How the First Bird FlewCUntil 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more stales have legalized gambling in order to raise income. The U. S. gambling industry has gone from an attitude of “prohibition” to one of “promotion”, as all but five states have now legalized gambling as a solution to their depressed economies.Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries (博彩）and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining slate parks, and developing environmental programs.State governments maintain that the voluntary contribution of funds through state lotteries is preferable to increase state sales or income taxes, and the residents of states using the lottery system tend to support this. The gaming industry has also benefited some of the nation's poorest citizens: Native Americans. The U. S. government ruled in 1988 that slates could not tax the revenues earned by gambling on Native American reservations. Having taken advantage of this ruling an open cosmos (赌场）on their reservations, many Native Americans moved from a life of poverty to a life of wealth.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. About 50 percent of the U. S. population plays the lottery, according to a study by the University of Chicago. This trend has led to an increase in habitual gambling. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning and entertainment over savings. The traditional work ethic (道德准则) is being devalued by the pipedream of striking it rich, and this is sending confusing messages to young people.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling and a ban on Internet gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.63.According to the passage, we know that _________ .A.any forms of gambling were banned before 1964 in the USAB. the economical problems led to the rise of gambling industry in the USAC. all American stales have legalized gambling since 1964D. only five states have now legalized gambling because of the depressed economies64.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A.State lottery system helps to raise money to improve people's public welfare. B. Gambling industry helps to change the American way of life. C. Gambling industry helps to improve the life of some poor Native Americans. D. State lottery system helps to increase state sales or income taxes.65. What is the author most concerned about?A. The expanding of the gambling industry.B. The suffering of the gambling-addicted people.C. The moral problems brought about by the legalized gambling.D. The disadvantage of Internet gambling.66. In Paragraph 5, the word “pipedream " means ___________ .A. wonderful ideaB. creative ideaC. unworkable planD. practical plan Section CDrectons: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you needA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simple and its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2018, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for thebig screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2018’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on thelonger have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film5s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传)， sequels(续传）and spin-offs（衍生产品）fill in those blanks for them.________70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?IV.Summary WritingD irections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the ma/n point(s) of the passage /n no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are we born with a preference for certain kinds of faces? Or is it just something that people learn, without realizing it? To find out, psychologist Judith Langlois and her team at the University of Texas in Austin worked with young children and babies.The researchers showed each baby photos of two faces. One face was more attractive than the other. The scientists then recorded how long the infants looked at each face.Babies spent longer viewing the attractive faces than the unattractive ones. That meant they preferred the pretty faces. These findings suggest that people prefer pretty faces very early in life. However, it’s still possible that we learn that preference. After all, Schein, who worked with Judith, points out, “By the time we test infants, they already have experience with faces.”That experience can make a difference. Research conducted at the University of Delaware found that babies’ brains are better at processing faces from their own race. So infants quickly come to prefer these faces, Schein says.It’s well-known in psychology that familiar things are more attractive, says Coren Apicella. She is a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “Perhaps average faces are more attractive because they seem more familiar.”Indeed, her research backs this up. Apicella and Little worked with two groups of young adults: British and Hadza. The Hadza are hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, a nation in East Africa. Apicella chose them for her experiment because they had not been exposed to Western culture and standards of beauty.She showed people from both groups two images and asked which was more attractive. One image was an average of five British faces or five Hadza faces. The other was an average of 20 British faces or 20 Hadza faces. People of both cultures preferred the face that was more average —that is, compiled from 20 faces instead of five. The British participants found both Hadza and British faces beautiful. The Hadza, in contrast, preferred only Hadza faces.“The Hadza have little experience with European faces and probably do not know what an average European face looks like,” Apicella concludes. “If they don't know what it looks like, how can they prefer it?”Her findings show how biology and the environment work together to shape our values. “The preference for average itself is biologically based,” Apicella says. But people mu st first experience otherfaces to learn what an average face should look like.TranslationDrectons: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京。
上海市六校2018届高三上学期12月联考英语试题
上海市六校2018届高三上学期12月联考Section A （20%）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Find Happiness without Buying it?Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be obtained without having money.Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have, we ___21___ (teach)to want more. We learn from advertising, and from the media, __22____ we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or __23___ (fulfill) emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for.Unfortunately, as a society we have bought into these ___24___ (misguide)messages and have come to believe that ___25__ (spend) money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that __26___ have been spent with our families, ___27__ the pursuit of the almighty dollar.Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, Think about __28__ you would spend your time, and what you would do for enjoyment. Change your focus from material possessions to ___29__ that bring you enjoyment, such as spending quality time with your family and friends.Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families, but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming, __30___ otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A pen has always been a(n) (31) ________tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops(手提电脑) or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students’handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.―There has definitely been a (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,‖ Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators. However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to ―make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures‖.She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s examples.In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the ―flipped classroom (翻转课堂)‖. He believed that the rise of the (39)______ to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything. Students should be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.III. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context.It's no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought.In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity (肥胖症) -- body mass index, or BMI -- significantly (41) ______ the number of people, especially women, who are obese.Braverman and his co-author, Dr. Nirav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. While BMI is a simple ratio of a person’s height and weight, theDEXA scan-- which is normally used to measure body density (密度) -- can (42) ______ between bone, fat and muscle mass.Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be (43) ______ to 60% according to Braverman.Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) (44) ______ measure of healthy weight. Extremely muscular people, (45) ______ , may weigh ―too much‖ for their height, since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat. Yet it’s not extra weight itself, but excess fat that (46) ______ health problems.―People aren’t being diagnosed as obese, so they’re not being told about their risk of disease or being given (47) _____ on how to improve their health,‖Braverman said. Data show that people who (48) ______ to put on pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.So why is BMI still being used, if it’s not (49) ______? For now, it’s the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a person’s healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body (50) ______. DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a (51) ______ measure during doctor’s visits. BMI isn’t perfect, but many experts say it’s the best they have.Still, as results like Braverman’s continue to (52) ______, it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and (53) ______, body fat. ―It’s important to point out the (54) ______ of the BMI,‖Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinai’s Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said. ―It’s a poor measure of (55) ______, and we do need better measures.‖41、A. predicts B. underestimates C. increases D. reduces42、A. compare B. recognize C. identify D. distinguish43、A. closer B. related C. devoted D. key44、A. important B. imperfect C. incredible D. uncertain45、A. for example B. in contrast C. in addition D. without doubt46、A. arises from B. owes to C. leads to D. goes through47、A. views B. orders C. instruction D. focus48、A. decide B. start C. hope D. fear49、A. right B. recognizable C. popular D. precise50、A. structure B. well-being C. function D. weight51、A. special B. routine C. scientific D. decisive52、A. fill in B. run out C. go down D. build up53、A. in particular B. on occasion C. after all D. in all54、A. mistakes B. failure C. inferiority D. weakness55、A. health B. body C. fatness D. diseasesSection B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passage. E ach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as many fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.He’s been seen wearing ―statement socks‖ at many public events. For example, during a NATO(北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada – when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as ―clever‖.―Socks are subtle(微妙的) e nough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,‖ she wrote. ―Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.‖But not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message – some of them are just for fun.One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks –simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to V ogue magazine reporter Emily Farra, that message was ―just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,‖ she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeau’s unusual sock choices show a childish side o f the prime minister that proves he isn’t mature enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesn’t see it that way. ―The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale –a symbol both of Mr Trudeau’s ability to embrace mu lticulturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,‖ she wrote. ―They have opened up possibilities for the future.‖1.Trudeau wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to _______A.distract audience’s attention from the TV showsB.send a message that he is proud of his countryC.narrow the gap between politician and civiliansD.claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country2.The underlined word ―quirky‖ is closest in meaning to _______A.abnormalB.seriousC.enthusiasticD.odd3.According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau _______A.has a promising future but still an inexperienced politicianed a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC.is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD.is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future4.The article is mainly about _______A.the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leader’s clever choice of socksC.how male politicians maintain public imageD.the gender difference in modern politicians(B)●CAFE DISPLAY●OUR JOURNEYS●12 April-29 May 2008Young people explore how they have adapted to life in Oxford.―When I first came here,‖ says one young African woman, ―I just wanted to cry all the time. And now I have learned to laugh again.‖ Working with photographer Rory Carnegie and writer Nikki van der Gaag, young men and women explore their journey from the time they first arrived in a strange place to where they find themselves today. Organized by The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival (10－17 April 2008). Supported by the Maggie Black Trust and Oxford City Council.● ACTIVlTlES FOR CHlLDREN AND FAMILIES● MODERN ART TROLLEY FREEArt activities for children every weekend during the exhibition in the Entrance Space from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. Just drop in. Children must be led by an adult.● WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDSThursday 7 April, 10：30 a. m. to 1：30 p. m.Looking at themes from the exhibition and exploring pictures based ideas through group discussion and using digital cameras. Led by Judie Waldmann.● BOOK LAUNCH FREEThe Drawing Book by Sarah Simblet is a practical approach to drawing the world around you. Sarah Simblet, who teaches at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, University of Oxford, will be present to give a short talk about the development of her book. Special price of￡18 on copies purchased in the evening.Booking recommended on 01865 813802● TEACHERS’ EVENING FREEThursday 21 April, 5 p.m. to 7：30 p. m.Lecture by Susan Bright, independent writer and lecturer, at 5：30 p. m. followed by an opportunity to view the exhibition. FREE Education Notes will be provided for teachers attendingthe evening.● WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERSSaturday 7 May, 10：30 a. m. to 1：30 p. m.Workshop for primary teachers who would like to develop their practical art skill as well as gain an understanding of modern art practice. Led by Judie Waldmann, artist and former primary school teacher.● TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPSExhibition talks and artist-led workshops to create work in response to the exhibition are available for pre-booked school groups. Suitable for primary and secondary schools, to check availability and discuss details call Sarah Mossop on 1865 813816.1.If you are a teacher and interested in art, you probably would like to go to ________.A. TEACHERS’ EVENINGB. MODERN ART TROLLEYC. WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERSD. TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPS2. What can we learn from the passage？A. Susan Bright will give a short talk at the launch of the Drawing Book.B. Rory Carnegie and Nikki will teach young people how to take photos.C. The workshop led by Judie is intended for the secondary school students.D. The children who go to the Modern Art Trolley must be led by an adult.3. Which of the following would be the best title of the text？A. Free journeysB. Spring eventsC. Weekend ActivitiesD. Activities for teachers(C)Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Supporters of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with thehighest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted(多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college stu dents is the question ―What will I do after graduation?‖ A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a brief statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long range goals，a graduating student m ight revise the question above to ―What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?‖1.Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?A.Listing the consequences of each solution.B.Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C.Deciding which consequences are most important.D.Writing down all possible solutions.2.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optional decision is defined as one that _______.A.has the fewest variables to consideres the most decision worksheetsC.has the most points assigned to itD.is agreed to by the greatest number of people3.The author states that ―On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce‖ to explain that ________.A.most decisions involve seven stepsB.human mental capacity has limitationsC.some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisionsD.people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice4.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.C.Research on how people make decisions.D.Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.Section C (8%)Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Add a short but descriptive subject line.B. Having others waiting for your e-mails hurts their enthusiasm for work.C. It could get you a bad reputation as being indiscreet.D. People find long e-mails irksome and energy-sapping.AB. Rushed e-mails that violate the basic norms of written language bespeak carelessness.AC. Sending out e-mails after working hour could be seen as being impolite.Yo ur clients and colleagues don’t have time to engage fully with every e-mail they get. Some of them receive hundreds of messages per day. That’s why they start with the ones they can deal with quickly. They may never get around to answering — or even reading — the rest.So how do you earn their attention? Try these tips:Stick to standard capitalization and punctuation.Conventions of good writing may seem like a waste of time for e-mail, especially when you’re tapping out messages on a handheld device. But it’s a matter of getting things right —the little things. Even if people in your group don’t capitalize or punctuate in their messages, stand out as someone who does. ______67_____ And their abbreviated style can be confusing. It takes less time to write a clear message the first time around than it does to follow up to explain what you meant to say.Be brief — but not too brief. _____68____ The more they have to scroll or swipe, the less receptive they’ll be to your message. They’ll probably just skim it and miss important details — or skip it altogether. So rarely compose more than a single screen of reading. Focus your content, and tighten your language. But as you’re trimming the fat from your message, keep the meat intact. When giving a project update, for example, supply enough background information to orient your readers. C onsider your message from their perspective. They aren’t as immersed in your project as you are, and they probably have many other things going on. So remind them where things stood when you last sent an update, and describe what’s happened since then.____69____ Before hitting ―Send,‖ check your subject line. If it’s generic or blank, your message will get lost in your recipient’s overstuffed inbox. Are you asking someone to take a ction? Highlight that in the subject line. Make your request easy to find — and fulfill.Copy people judiciously. Inclu de only those who will immediately grasp why they’re on the thread; don’t automatically click on ―Reply All.‖ Your correspondent may have been over inclusive with the ―Copy‖ list, and if you repeat that mistake, you’ll continue to annoy the recipients who shouldn’t be there. ____70____Summary Writing（共10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping.Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (欺骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large van pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated(使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late !第II卷（共40分）I. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.人们的共同之处越多，相处得就越好。
2018届高三12月联考英语试卷
2018届江苏12月百校联考高三英语试卷考生注意:1.本试卷分四部分,共120分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.请将各题答案填涂在答题卡上。
3.本试卷主要考试内容:高中综合。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?答案是C。
A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.What is the weather like now?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Warm.2.How much would the man pay if he buys four ties today?A.$30.B.$108.C.$120.3.Where are the speakers?A.In a hotel.B.At a dinner table.C.In the man s home.4.What is the woman?A.A reporter.B.A teacher.C.A student.5.What movie did the man probably watch last night?A.Airheads.B.Pearl Harbor.C.Titanic.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
2018届高三英语12月第三次联考试题
2018学年第一学期第三次四校联考高三英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共80分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0．5分，满分10分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1． --- I’m sorry for breaking the cup.--- Oh, ____ --I’ve got plenty.A. forget itB. my pleasureC. help yourselfD. pardon me 2．I’d love ________ room on the higher floor so that I can have a bird’s eye view of ________ city.A. the…aB. a…theC. /…theD. a…a3．Frankly speaking, it’s people’s ______ to keep their promise that really annoys me.A. habitB. mistakeC. failureD. loss4．＿＿the information the professor demanded earlier, the assistant continued to search in a sea of books for more on the topic.A. GatheringB. Having gatheredC. GatheredD. Having been gathered 5．Basketball coaches waste no time to search for＿＿＿＿young play ers of great potential for better performances in the coming season.A. promisingB. convincingC. desperateD. admirable6．The driver ____ have drunk a lot before the accident, but I am not quite sure of that．A．might B．must C．should D．would7．— Shall we meet at the entrance to the gymnasium at 4:30 tomorrow afternoon?— Oh, no! I a handwriting class then．A．will have B．have C．will be having D．am having 8．Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. how9．While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ .A. in returnB. in commonC. in turnD. in place 10．Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _______ she could stay home and raise her family.A. so thatB. as ifC. only ifD. now that11．The band held the benefit concert not to only raise funds but theinternational society aware of the value of the rescue work．A．making B．made C．make D. to make12．His confidence built up＿＿as he gained more and more experience in teaching.A. mostly B．generally C. constantly D．gradually13．The regulation（规则） is welcomed by the public school buses should be designed to be safer in avoiding crashes and preventing injuries．A．whether B．which C．that D．what14．The bill you sent me is incorrect, sir. ________, it isn’t the first time.A. Worse stillB. On the contraryC. For one thingD. In all15．Sofia looked around at all the faces she had the impression that she _____ mostof the guests beforeA. has seenB. had seenC. sawD. would see16．For all these years I have been working for others．I’m hoping I’ll _________ my own business someday.A. turn up B．set up C. fix upD．make up17．I invited my parents to spend Christmas with us, but of them came．A．none B．bothC．either D．neither18．There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.A. Above allB. As a resultC. In additionD. As a matter offact19．A wireless smart pillbox can remind patients to take their daily vitamins, _____ we all find hard to believe．A．that B．what C．it D.which20. –I don’t think I’ll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.-- ______?A. And howB. How comeC. How’s it goingD. How about it第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
上海市建平中学2018-2019学年学高三第一学期12月英语质量检测卷 word版有答案和解析
建平中学2018年12月考英语试卷Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The impact of smoke screen on adolescentsThe study began by recruiting over 2,600 US school children aged 10 to 14 who had never smoked. Each child was then asked if they had watched any of 50 movies randomly (21) (select) from 601 box office hits. The number of occurrences of smoking in each film was recorded.When followed up one to two years later, 10 percent of the children had tried (22) (smoke). The children in the top quarter of exposure to movie smoking were 2.7 times more likely to have tried a cigarette than (23) in the lowest quarter of exposure. This effect was independent of other factors that might influence the child’s smoking behavior, such as friends or family smoking.“If provides more evidence (24) movies have a strong impact on adolescents,” says Dalton, an expert in cancer risk behavior in children. “Previous studies suggested that smoking in movies (25) (influence) adolescent smoking behavior, but this is the first study to show that viewing smoking in movies predicts (26) will start smoking in the future.”Dalton says a previous study by the team showed that children were more likely to smoke (27) their favorite actor smoked. “We know from past studies it’s very rare for smoking to be portrayed in a negative light. Smokers in movies tend to be tough guys or sexy, rebellious women, which appeals to adolescents,” she told New Scientist.Movies which depict smoking (28) be given an adult rating or “R rating” in the US, suggests Glantz, which would mean that children under 17 could not see the film (29) a parent. An R rating for smoking in movies would prevent about 330 adolescents in the US from starting to smoke and ultimately (30) (extend) 170 lives every day,” he writes.【答案】21. selected 22. smoking 23. those 24. that 25. influenced 26. who 27. if 28. should 29. without 30. extend【解析】21. 题在if引导的条件状语中作非谓语，表示“被随机选出来的”50部电影，根据前文的时态可以看出是过去发生的事，因此填过去分词selected表示被动完成。
教育最新K122018届高三英语12月月考试题(含解析)
车胤中学2017 —— 2018学年上学期高三年级十二月月考英语试卷时间：120分钟总分：150分第一部分：听力（共两小节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. 音频Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a restaurant.C. On a bus.【答案】B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
2. 音频How does the woman feel about her work?A. She is disappointed with it.B. She is excited about it.C. She is satisfied with it.【答案】A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
3. 音频What kind of music does the woman like?A. Jazz.B. Classical.C. Folk.【答案】A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
4. 音频Why will the man go to Edinburgh?A. To drive the woman there.B. To have a meeting in Glasgow.C. To meet some important people.【答案】C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
5. 音频What will the girl do tonight?A. Prepare for an exam.B. Watch TV.C. Go to a movie.【答案】B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节(共1 5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
音频6. What does the man suggest doing?A. Going for a walk.B. Having a cup of tea.C. Mailing a letter.7. What is the woman doing?A. Writing a letter.B. Cooking dinner.C. Exercising.【答案】6. A 7. A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。
SES+2018届高三第一学期英语十二月月考试卷
SES 2018届高三第一学期英语十二月月考试卷（考试时间：120 分钟）第I 卷I. Listening Comprehension (25%)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Chinatown. B. Columbia University.C. The empire state building.D. The United Nations building.2. A. In a book shop. B. At the hairdresser’s.C. At a booking office.D. At a French gallery.3. A. Professor and student. B. Lecturer and listener.C. Interviewer and interviewee.D. Librarian and reader.4. A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Mild. D. Foggy.5. A. $21. B. $80. C. $400. D. $640.6. A. Jog outdoors. B. Write a poem on spring breeze.C. Relax without doing anything.D. Join the man at the gym.7. A. They don’t sell lipstick to customers with a particular demand.B. They don’t have the particular lights that the woman wants.C. They have lipstick in a lighter shade but of different brand.D. The color of the particular lipstick is a little bit too light.8. A. Watching TV and videos. B. Communicating with parents.C. Having substitute teachers.D. Getting involved in video games.9. A. Mr. Bush was promoted to be the sales manager.B. The colleagues in the sales department hate Mr. Bush.C. Mr. Bush enjoyed working in the sales department.D. Mr. Bush doesn’t like his new position very much.10. A. He has been taken for a fool. B. He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm.C. He has been given a better position.D. He doesn’t get on well with the others.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.70,000 tons. B. 2,000,000 tons. C. 2,030 tons. D. Not mentioned.12. A. Most farmers were infected with diseases.B. Cocoa farmers lack professional training.C. The global consumption is increasing every year.D. Cocoa trees are growing more slowly because of the weather.13. A. The world will probably be running out of chocolate.B. Cocoa farmers are looking for other jobs.C. Eating too much chocolate is not good for health.D. Asian people are eating more and more chocolate.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. To tell the purpose of learning history.B. To explain the history of education.C. To criticize students’ history study habits.D. To present a new approach to history education.15. A. By asking questions about the future.B. By studying in the traditional method.C. By looking for answers to present-day problems.D. By memorizing historic facts.16 A. Predict the future.B. Memorize details.C. Raise critical questions.D. Demonstrate the link between past and future.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to answer the following questions.Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Graduation certificate.B. Evidence of his financial status.C. Application form and student ID card.D. Documents about his educational background.18. A. A copy of his valid passport and pictures.B. The invitation letter from the foreign university.C. A certificate showing the result of his language test.D. A school report to certify his language proficiency.Questions 19 through 20 are based on the following conversation.19. A. He has got a stiff neck. B. She is too exhausted.C. The killer hasn’t be en caught.D. She will be shocked on the scene.20. A. She won the lottery and got enough money.B. Her parents will have her treated in the United states.C. Warm-hearted people donated blood to help her.D. She is jealous of those can go to parties.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.From classics to moviesHe can recite Shakespeare’s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at (21) __________ university, but the well-educated British man chose to do something that he loves even more: acting.He’s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston’s role as Thor’s evil brother has led his fans —“Hiddlestoners” —(22) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema.(23) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (24) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh Internationa l Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected came up to me after the show and said: ‘You could really do this (25) __________ you wanted to’,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.He said that as a teenager he didn’t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (26) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using h is brains for (27) __________ else. “You’ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man?” the father told the son.So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (28) __________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he (29) __________ (graduate) with a first-class degree.But Hiddleston’s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he was (30) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beOn Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, Dan Heins had a routine: kidney dialysis（肾透析）from 6 to 10 a.m.; breakfast at the Main Street Deli in Anoka, Minnesota; working at his insurance office down the block. The 56-year-old owner of the Deli, Nancy Volk, knew that Heins’s type 1 diabetes was responsible for his kidney ____31____ and the amputation of his leg. And Dan knewthat Nancy, a single mother with three grown daughters, worked two other jobs to keep the Deli open and ____32____ her house payments. One morning as he ordered his breakfast, Dan, 58, confided he would be on kidney dialysis the rest of his life if he didn’t receive a transplant. Nancy didn’t hesitate. “I’ll donate,” she sai d simply. A ____33____ acquaintance volunteering on the spot to give him an internal organ? It seemed unreal to Dan, and Nancy had to spend weeks ____34____ him she was serious. The day before Thanksgiving in 2007, the results of the medical tests came in: She was a ____35____.In the months leading up to the transplant, Dan’s other leg was amputated and Nancy’s financial situation grew grim. As much as she loved the Deli, she decided to close it last September. At the same time her home was going into fore closure. Dan’s insurance would cover her surgery costs. But she wouldn’t be able to work the part-time jobs for six weeks. And there was no ____36____ they’d be there when she recovered.Steve Ohlsen, Deli ____37____customer, put a wicker donation box near the register. There was a bake sale and a ____38____ auction. In one month, the people of Anoka gave Nancy several thousand dollars—enough to cover payments on her newly refinanced home while she recovered.“This was just local people ____39____ into their pockets,” says Ohlsen.Nancy and Dan had their surgeries in September. Four months later, Dan is off dialysis, and Nancy has sent thank-you note to her supporters. She ____40____ a kidney bean in each envelope.III. Reading Comprehension（45分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.For years people have recognized the power that writing something down has been able to anchor(固定) a thought or emotion in the brain. This process of anchoring emotions and memories with a ___41___touch is now well supported by studies and frequently used by those who practice Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP).Evidence that the mind and body connection exists in building and retaining ___42___ is abundant. More recently, however, researchers have been turning their attention to the ___43___ between exercise and the brain. They are finding evidence that supports the belief that exercise can boost brain power.How can that happen? U.S. researchers have found that exercise helps the brain ___44___ new brain cells in an area of the brain called the dentate gyrus. This area is known to be involved with age-related memory ___45___. The studies performed involved mice and later humans supported the evidence found in those studies: there was increased blood flow to the memory center of the brain after exercise, which may help optimize the way the ___46___ functions. Basically, anything that helps the body to decrease stress hormones, which will improve___47___ span as well as mood and increase the body's metabolism, will also help the brain. It helps by making the brain cells healthier and better able to link to other cells. This action is vital for learning and ___48___ new information .The fact that exercise makes positive changes in the nervous system and boosts cognitive abilities has not gone unnoticed by schools. Many states have now established minimum times and___49___ for physical education. This type of action is supported by studies that show how much better___50___ fit third graders and fifth graders performed on standardized tests than students who were ___51___in their studies all the time. The evidence that links obesity with lower levels of academic achievement in school children is starting to ___52___ everywhere.Walking vigorously at least three times a week was found to benefit your brain, for it will cease to ___53___ for a lack of exercise. Creative writing benefits brain a lot as this type of activity is not ___54___ and cause the brain to produce new chemicals which stimulate new dendrites and neurons to grow in the brain. Use one or more of your physical senses, involve your complete attention and break away from your ___55___ in a significant way as dull brain is never ready for the unexpected.41. A. emotional B skillful C. realistic D. physical42. A. ambition B. association C. memories D. happiness43. A. possibility B. difference C. relationship D. limitation44. A. recognize B. develop C. track D. mark45. A. experience B. loss C. change D. position46. A. brain B. body C. technique D. memory47. A. strength B. life C. service D. attention48. A. discovering B. receiving C. conveying D. filing49. A. image B. place C. reason D. frequency50. A. environmentally B. mentally C. physically D. academically51. A. strong B. active C. imaginative D. still52. A. bring about B. catch on C. stand out D. set in53. A. work B. grow C. decrease D. adapt54. A. objective B. general C. mechanical D. natural55. A. background B. presence C. dream D. routineSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years. Though much respected in the community, he earned barely enough to provide for his large family. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a risky existence with uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted on college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went — quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests.Before my graduation, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus I launched upon a business career — which I always think of as the wasted years.Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage（藐视）business. My whole point is that it was not for me. I went into it for money, and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family, money is all I got out of it. It was not enough. From being merely discontented I becamemiserable. I continued to make money, and finally, bit by bit, accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad to study music. The family being once more solvent（有偿付能力的）, and my help no longer necessary. I resigned from my position and, feeling like a man released from jail, sailed for the world of music. I stayed in Europe for four years and enjoyed every minute of it.“Enjoyed” is too mild a word. I walked on air. I really lived. I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do and what I was meant to do.If I had stayed in business, I might be a comparatively wealthy man today, but I do not believe I would have made a success of living. I would have given up all those inner satisfactions that money can never buy.56.Which of the following statements about the writer’s parents is TRUE?A. They had no passion for music at all.B. Both of them used to be the music teachers.C. They felt sorry for not supporting the writer.D. They insisted sending the writer to a music school.57. The reason why the writer started a business career is that his family met with _______.A. a financial problemB. a separation of the membersC. a natural disasterD. a disagreement in opinion58. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the writer to give up the business career?A. He could gain no inner satisfaction except the financial benefits.B. The money he earned was far from enough to support his dream.C. His family recovered from the financial reverse years later.D. He had earned sufficient wealth to go broad for further study.（B）AFRICAN MANGO FAQsQ: How do I use AFRICAN MANGO?A: It’s simple… Just take one rapid – release capsule (胶囊), 3 times daily before meals (i.e., 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner.)Q: Is it safe?A: Yes. Unlike other diet pills, Pure African Mango Extract does not contain any natural or artificial stimulants. Clinical studies have shown this nutrient to be both safe and well-tolerated. It’s easy on your system and he lps you lose body fat naturally.Q: Who uses AFRICAN MANGO?A: Everybody from A-List Hollywood movie stars to everyday men and women who want to lose pounds and inches of excess body fat. It’s currently popular in Hollywood today because many of today’s mo vie scripts call for actors and actresses to be in their absolute best shape.Q: Do I have to exercise and diet in order to see results?A: Research shows 100% Pure African Mango Extract helped people lose weight and belly fat without additional diet or exercise. However, in order to achieve your best weight–loss results, we highly recommend incorporating fun lifestyle exercises (like walking, tennis, etc.) and replacing high-calorie foods with healthy nutrient–dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and lean proteins. Also, drinking more water daily speeds weight loss, according to a new study from Virginia Tech University.Q: When I place my order, it’s a one-time-only transaction (交易), right?A: Yes. When you shop with us, you can shop with confidence and peace of mind. Every order placed with us is 100% safe and secure. Our site is scanned and tested daily by McAfee SECURE.“The McAfee SECURE” trust mark (see the upper-left corner of our website) only appears when the website has passed their intensive, daily security scan.What’s more, our customers never have to worry about being enrolled in auto-reship or auto-rebilling (自动付款) scams (骗局). Each and every order placed with us is a one-time-only transaction.CONSUMER TIP: Beware of sites that offer “free trials”, which claim to charge only a small fee for shipping. However, more often than not, these “free trials” websites w ill continue to charge your card for regular monthly shipments if you don’t return your “free trials” within 10 to 14 days. As the Official Website of African Mango, we offer only the purest, most effective African Mango available. What’s more, as an accre dited business, we do not engage in auto-rebilling, auto-reshipping, or any other business practices that are considered morally unacceptable. Your results, and your satisfaction, are 100% guaranteed.59. What does the word FAQs in the title of the article mean?A. Fully Accepted Qualities.B. Fantastic African Qualities.C. Face-to-face Associated Quotations.D. Frequently Asked Questions.60. In what way will the medicine take effect to its fullest?A. Take pills regularly and you are sure to achieve your absolute best shape.B. Drinking more water daily will guarantee the pills to work efficiently.C. A healthy diet, adequate water and more exercise will contribute.D. High-calorie food and enough water are essential to make the pills work well.61. It can be learned from the passage that ______.A. the pills are unpopular with film starsB. auto-rebilling and auto-reshipping are reliable business practicesC. Virginia Tech University doubted whether drinking water helps lose weightD. the one-time-only transaction service ensures customers’ confidence62. How can we buy African Mango securely?A. We can place an order securely with the help of search engine.B. The official web site is your best choice.C. McAfee SECURE promises the security of your order.D. Many web sites providing “free trials” service are considered to be secure.(C)Our days are filled with continual interruptions. Email, texts, meetings, needy colleagues—and the list goes on. Many companies even encourage us to perform multiple things at once, creating open office spaces that promote impromptu(临时的) dialogues to go along with jobs that require us to handle totally different tasks at the same time.But a growing number of researchers say that trying to perform multiple tasks makes you less productive. It turns out that you get more done when you focus on a single task.That’s because our brains are hardwired to do one thing at a time. When we think we are multi-tasking, we’re really not. Instead, as far as our brains are concerned, we are fully switching back and forth between tasks.Doing that repeatedly tires out the brain and lowers cognitive(认知的) ability, research shows. “It’s never multitasking,” says Devora Zack, author of the book Single tasking. “And it completely backfires in every sense of the word.”Multitasking “produces shallower thinking, reduces creativity, increases errors and low ersour ability to block irrelevant information,” says Dr. Sandra Bond Chapman, founder and chief director, Center for Brain Health at The University of Texas at Dallas. Because the brain was not built to multitask, over time it can lead to heightened levels of stress and depression and lower overall intellectual capacity, she says.Yet despite mounting evidence that multitasking isn’t effective, old attitudes combined with new technology make multitasking popular in most work places.We have ourselves to blame, in part. When we do a lot of things at once, say, answering emails while writing a report or taking a call while we’re in a meeting, it makes us feel busy and productive, says Dr. Christine Carter, executive director of the Greater Good Science Center at the University of California, Berkeley.“Busyness is a sign of importance, which serves the old guard,” says Carter. “There is the myth(误区) that the more time you spend in the office, the better worker you are.”She sees that attitude as a hangover from the prime of industrialization when we clocked in and out of factories and offices. Back then the myth was manageable, because people usually left work at the office when they went home in the evenings. “The whole thing got blown out of balance with the rise of laptops and email,” she says.“Complicating matters,” writes Chapman, “technology is actually rewiring our brains to be addicted to interruption, as we anxiously wait for the next ping signaling a new email, text or social media post.” In other words, like any addiction, even though we know interruptions are bad for us, they are hard to switch off.“We suffer as a society from scatt ered brain syndrome(综合症)", says Single tasking author Zack. "It’s everywhere—throughout our work lives and personal lives."63. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?A. Multitasking works well in offices.B. Multitasking produces opposite effect.C. Multitasking is unavoidably a trend of today.D. Multitasking has both advantages and disadvantages.64. According to the passage, which of the following is not among the negative effects ofmultitasking?A. Reducing creativity.B. Getting distracted.C. Increasing stress.D. Feeling unimportant.65. Dr. Christine Carter’s holds the view that________.A. busyness is a sign of importanceB. things have changed with the rise of laptops and emailC. technology is resetting our brains to get used to interruptionD. the more time you spend in the office, the better worker you are66. What can best describe the author’s opinion about multitasking?A. Popular but harmful.B. Once addicted, always addicted.C. Technology helps.D. Multi or single, still a question.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box._____67_____ By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Grey wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. _____68_____ They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources for the wolf –grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percent age of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers._____69_____ They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolfpacks in Yellowstone. _____70_____ The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.第II 卷(共50分)I. Summary Writing 10%Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Hot Pot of DebateThe strong smell of the famous Sichuan cooking floods into local streets. Along with all the flavors, however, a wave of panic is in the air. Sichuan cuisine(美食) is facing a crisis.It seems surprising to hear such concern, since Sichuan cuisine has been conquering the world and gain ing considerable popularity abroad as China’s favorite out-of-home dining.But according to some old and experienced cooks, the rapid growth has worsened the cuisine. Many cooks now are pursuing spicier and spicier food, ignoring the great variety of the cuisine. Thus, the simplification of tastes has created a crisis, sending a strong shocking wave into the time-honored but complex traditions. Early this year, I watched a young cook add green vegetable to Kung Pao Chicken, which should be a wonderful mix of chicken, peanuts, red chillies and spices.However, voices from many young cooks throws light on the new demands on Sichuan cuisine in the modern time—“There’s no survival without innovation.” They hold the view that we do have to maintain the tradi tion, but it’s not a display in a museum. What makes sense is that although Sichuanese cooking is classified as one of the eight great cuisines of China, its roots are quite shallow, so after over several centuries of trade and migration, outsiders brought in a varietyof new ingredients and cooking techniques. These influences combined only several generations ago to create an unusually tasty cuisine.I believe the attractiveness of Sichuan cuisine is that it’s a big melting pot. Whatever is attractive in other cuisines, it can be absorbed and adapted to Sichuan cuisine. It’s not right to judge who is right and who is wrong, but it is clear that we should preserve the essence of tradition, while meeting modern expectations as well.II. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 众所周知，我们学校非常重视学生的全面发展。
2018-2019学年上海市宜川中学高三上英语12月月考试卷
宜川中学2018学年第一学期阶段测试高三英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and vocabularySection ATime to fight gaming problemIf you’re a gamer constantly__21__(glue)to your phone,it could be time to ask for medical help. On June18,the WHO officially listed“gaming disorder”__22__a mental illness,like drug or gambling addiction.Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view.Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score,__23__gamers use points.However,playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried.People need to understand this doesn’t mean every child who spends hours playing games__24__(be)an addict, otherwise doctors__25__(flood)with requests for help.But according to the WHO,__26__you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life,you should be prepared to face serious problems.According to a study publishedby China Youth Daily in July,about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for a t least four to five hours per day.Thankfully,measures have been taken__27__(address)the problem.In April,the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addictedto the Internet and games.Other countries have also taken action.In2011,South Korea passed a“shutdown law”to stop children under the age of16from playing video games between the hours of midnight and6am. Meanwhile,in Japan,some mobile phones have a special mode for children__28__lets their parents control what games they can download and__29____29__they can play them for.In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board,a nonprofit organization,puts age restrictions on most games,__30__(mean)the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.Section BCollege degrees still necessary?We’re often told that if we can’t graduate from university,we’re unlikely to land a good job.However,some big-name companies say that you don’t need a college degree to do well in life.According to a list released by job review platform Glassdoor in August,a total of15famous companies have__31__college degrees as a requirement for some of their jobs,including Apple,Google, IBM,and Starbucks.The phenomenon of requiring a college degree for a position that actually doesn’t need it is called degree inflation(膨胀),according to Forbes.About6million jobs in the US are potentially__32__to degree inflation,according to a report released by Harvard Business School in2017.This is because many employers regard having a college degree as equal to__33__a variety of soft skills.“Especially at a time when recruiters(招聘人员)complain that workers lack__34__soft skills–theability to solve problems,work in teams and communicate–college is seen as the place that develops such abilities,”Jeffrey J.Selingo,a professor of practice at Arizona State University,US,wrote on The Washington Post.However,for some companies,a college degree doesn’t__35__that an applicant is a good performer.“They did some research and they saw that the individual strengths and future__36__rather than the academic performance of those they hired were a greater__37__of success in working at the firm,”Larry Nash,EY’s US director of recruiting,told Fast Company.EY,a UK-based finance company,dropped the requirement for a college degree when seeking hires in the UK in2015.Meanwhile,in many tech sector positions,__38__courses and on-the-job experience are more meaningful than a college degree,Ginni Rometty,CEO of IBM,told Quartz.However,this doesn’t mean a college degree is completely useless.Indeed,a college degree is still considered when__39__a job candidate,but it“no longer acts as a__40__to getting a foot in the door,”Maggie Stilwell,a recruitment expert at EY,told HuffPost.For some companies,recent college graduates are no better than people who learned the same skills by themselves.As Quartz put it,“What a person knows is more important than how they learned it.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection AThis summer we said goodbye to unnecessary plastic waste.Starbucks committed to__41__plastic straws in all locations by2020,IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores,and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws.And now we have one more thing to add to our consciousness-raising list:People are starting to understand the__42__of contact lenses(隐形眼镜).According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society,20percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink.But as medical__43__,contact lenses are specifically designed to be resistant in tough environments,and__44__they don’t biodegrade easily.Throwing contact lenses into toilet is particularly concerning because their size and__45__allow them to slip through filters(过滤器)meant to keep non-biological waste out of wastewater treatment plants.The study found that the chemical and mechanical processing at these treatment facilities were unable to__46__break down contact lenses,leaving them as part of the treated water.Post-treatment wastewater is typically spread on fields,where contact lenses can make their way into surface water and cause environmental damage.It may seem like a small thing,but with over45million contact__47__in the United States,all that plastic adds up.We are talking about22tons of contact lenses being improperly thrown away every year here, unnecessarily adding to the hundreds of thousands of tons of microplastics__48__in our oceans.So what is the right way to throw away contact lenses?It turns out that properly dealing with contact lenses is pretty__49__.One option is to throw them in the garbage.While this will keep them out of our water__50__,it sends them to landfill—which is not really any better.Unfortunately,you can’t just throw your contacts in the recycling bin and call it a day,either.Due to their size and packaging materials,recycling facilities typically cannot__51__contact lens processing,so they go to landfills.In order to actually be recycled,contact lenses need to be__52__at a specialty recycling facility.This doesn’t mean that all eco-conscious contact-wearers must stick to glasses,though.Fortunately,in an effort to__53__the waste produced by contact lenses and facilitate the recycling process,some eye care companies have started their own recycling__54__.Through these programs,individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle(a company that__55__in recycling the hard-to-recycle)for free.41. A.eliminating B.deleting C.producing D.saving42. A.role B.function C.impact D.efficiency43. A.terms B.devices C.tools D.equipment44. A.moreover B.nevertheless C.however D.therefore45. A.flexibility B.possibility C.capability D.similarity46. A.restrictedly B.respectively paratively D.fully47. A.designers B.manufacturers C.wearers D.destroyers48. A.floating B.following C.flashing D.flooding49. A.sensitive B.extensive C.concrete D.tricky50. A.systems B.resources C.sources D.energies51. A.control B.handle C.repair D.touch52. A.reversed B.processed C.fixed D.programmed53. A.analyze B.realize C.minimize D.maximize54. A.initiatives B.performances C.events D.conferences55. A.consists B.results C.participates D.specializesSection B(A)School children around the world are being exposed on a daily basis to cigarette advertising and promotions by a tobacco industry that needs to recruit the young to maintain its vast profits.A major investigation in more than22countries across four continents by campaigners and experts had found cigarettes or promotions on display close to sweets,drinks or stationery in shops just outside schools,and often at the eye line of children.The Campaign for Tobacco-Free kids analyzed reports since2014carried out by a range of public health groups,NGO and Johns Hopkins University.Marlboro cigarettes made by Philip Morris and British American Tobacco brands such as Pall Mall, Kent,Dunhill and Lucky Strike were being sold and promoted within300meters or closer to schools in nearly all the countries researchers examined in a series of studies.Brands made by Japan Tobacco and Imperial were seen near schools in a smaller number.In Peru,Guardian correspondents saw single sticks apparently for sale in corner shops near schools in flavors attractive to children.In Indonesia they saw banner ads above stalls near a primary school.In India, they saw single cigarettes and tiny packets of chewing tobacco for sale alongside sweets directly opposite school gates.Big Tobacco denies promoting its products to children;Philip Morris International(PMI)said it observes relevant regulations.“Preventing children from smoking is of the highest priority and we take very seriously our responsibility to ensure that we do not market to children anywhere in the world.”British American Tobacco(BAT)said:“Under-age smokers are not,and will never be,our target consumers…products and marketing should never appeal to,or engage under-age smokers.Across the world,we have very strict rules to ensure we do not have outdoor advertising within100meters of a school.”Japan Tobacco and Imperial did not respond to a request for comment.56.According to the passage,________is/are not included in what makes cigarette appealing to children.A.the flavored cigarettesB.the single affordable sticksC.the attractive packagingD.eye-catching position to display the product57.The writer tries to make the report convincing by________.A.analyzing the reasons behind the phenomenonB.quoting exact words from relevant regulationsparing the situations in different countriesD.listing facts collected by correspondents58.What can we learn from the passage?panies use different policies to market to children in different countries.B.Both schools and parents are to blame for children’s smoking cigarettes.C.Japanese companies do not accept the accusation from the campaigners.D.There is a gap between tobacco companies’statements and real situations.59.What’s the best title for the passage?A.What are the effects of cigarette on childrenB.How children are exposed to cigarette advertsC.Why children should be protected from cigaretteD.What we can do to help children against cigarette(B)Places,People and Property with Strutt&ParkerFor more properties visit our website The world might seem focused on urbanization,but over the past five years of our Housing Futures research,we have seen the emergence of a new trend in housing–the desire to move back to rural locations.With advancements in technology,villages are now more connected than ever.Our Housing Futures research,focusing on The Village Revival,identified that21%of respondents expressed a desire to move to a village,making it probably the most popular location for buyers.Those looking to move cited neighborhood safety(86%),space between neighbors(58%)and a strong community feel(48%)as key factors to leave cities and settle in rural location.Figures show that England’s rural economy produces£210billion of economic output.In fact,a quarter of all registered businesses are based in rural locations.The expansion of broadband and mobile communications has seen a greater rate of working from home in rural locations compared to urban areas. It seems that the same factors that once drove urbanization–improving economic and social conditions–are now inspiring the village revival.So,if you’re thinking of moving to a more rural location,Strutt&Parker is well placed to help.Ouragents take the time to really understand what you’re lookingfor.Guide price£795,000A charming four-bedroom period cottage with contemporary accommodation,located in the picturesque Dorset village of Farnham.Guide price£365,000A generous three-bedroom family home in beautiful surroundings with impressive views over the countryside and beyond.Guide price£775,000A five-bedroom outstanding house with magnificent coastal views.The house was built in the1980s and has been repainted and redecorated in the last five years by the current owners.Guide price£190,000A traditional Hebridean style cottage,constructed of stonewalls offers a fantastic opportunity to acquire a unique holiday cottage which has excellent income producing potential.60.Which of the following statements is FALSE about rural locations?A.Most of the registered businesses are based in rural areas.B.One fifth people interviewed have a desire to live in rural areas.C.Villages are more convenient and suitable for living than ever before.D.Villages usually have a safe,undisturbed but closely connected neighborhood.61.Mike is planning to invest in a village cottage(小别墅)and let it to tourists.He is most likely to choose the cottage on the________.A.upper left cornerB.upper right cornerC.lower left cornerD.lower right corner62.Readers can most probably see the above information________.A.in a textbookB.on a websiteC.in the newspaperD.in a TV program(C)Nearly three-quarters(73percent)of US adults believe artificial intelligence will“eliminate more jobs than it creates,”according to a Gallup survey.But,the same survey found that less than a quarter(23 percent)of people were“worried”or“very worried”automation would affect them personally.Notably, these figures vary depending on education.For respondents with only a four-year college degree or less, 28percent were worried about AI taking their job;for people with at least a bachelor degree,that figure was15percent.Will AI destroy jobs or create them?No one really knows.On the surface,these answers suggest ignorance,or short-sightedness,but they also reflect a deep divide among experts on what exactly the effects of new technology will have on the workplace.Studies trying to estimate job losses caused by advances in robotics and AI vary wildly.Historically,though,technology usually leads to a net gain in jobs,destroying some professions but creating new ones in the process.What’s different this time around,argue some economists and AI experts, is that machines are smarter than they were,and historical examples don’t offer a useful comparison.Considering these contradictory predictions,it’s no wonder that most Americans think automation is someone else’s problem.This isn’t ignorance,either.Even in high-risk industries like truck driving,there’s only so much automation can do.A computer can drive on a highway,yes,but it can’t repair a truck, unload its goods,argue with unhelpful warehouse managers,or even refill the gas tank.Not yet anyway.The findings from Gallup’s survey also show that the use of AI is already widespread in the US. Nearly9out of10Americans(85percent)use at least one of six devices or services that use features of artificial intelligence.84percent of people use navigation(导航)apps like Waze,and72percent use streaming services like Netflix.47percent use digital assistants on their smartphones,and22percent usethem on devices like Amazon’s Echo.AI is something integrated into products and jobs bit by bit.You might not think that Netflix’s predictions of what you want to watch next count as artificial intelligence(or that they’re even intelligent at all),but they’ve helped the service steal viewers from traditional TV and cable companies by shaping the creation of shows like House of Cards.Measuring this ort of impact in economic surveys is understandably hard.Gallup’s survey helps illustrate AI is not some mysterious event that will change the world overnight at some point in the future.It’s something that is already happening.As Frank Newport,editor-in-chief of Gallup,told The New York Times:“Whether they know it or not,AI has moved into a big percent of Americans’lives in one way or another already.”63.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The more education one receives,the more worried he is about job losses.B.The development of technology used to create more jobs than it eliminated.C.Most Americans are afraid that AI is becoming a threat to their current jobs.D.People ignore the divide among experts on the impact of AI on workplace.64.The underlined word“contradictory”is closest in meaning to________.A.conflictingB.reasonableC.ridiculousD.objective65.Why is truck driving classified as a high-risk industry?A.Because truck drivers are more likely to get into accidents.B.Because truck drivers usually have to do a lot of manual labor.C.Because computers can take the place of the drivers to drive.D.Because trucks can be produced and repaired by computers.66.What can we learn from Gallup’s survey?A.AI will lead to more unemployment in the future.B.AI is gradually changing different aspects of our life.C.The hidden impact of AI on job losses is measurable.D.All the TV viewers will turn to streaming services someday.Section CSince ancient Greece,people have used zodiac signs(星座)to judge a person’s character traits. __67__According to The Washington Post,a new study published in the journal Nature Human Behavior on Sept17,could tell us something more about who we are.It identified four personality types:reserved,role models,average and self-centered.__68__All these are related to the five main personality traits everyone’s believed to possess: extroversion(外向性),agreeableness,conscientiousness,emotional stability and openness.Researchers,with the aid of computer software found that self-center people scored higher onextroversion,but lower than average on the other four traits.“These are people you don’t want to hang out with,”co-author William Revelle,professor of psychology,told the Daily Mail.Members of the reserved group were lacking in openness and extroversion,but were more agreeable and conscientious.__69__People defined as role models scored well in most traits,but were weak in emotional stability.“These are people who are dependable and open to new ideas,”Luis Amaral,co-director of the Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems in the US,told Newsweek.“These are good people to be in charge of things. In fact,life is easier if you have more dealings with role models.”Apart from these three personality types,a totally new type was found:average.This type according to Science Daily,get average scores in all traits.Females are more likely than males to fall into this type.__70__For example,role models are usually seniors,while the traits of the self-centered type mainly fall in teenage males.However,“certain aspects are changing,”Amaral told USA Today.“As people mature and grow,their personality also matures and grows.I think there is a positive message that people mature and they move to more desirable characteristics.”IV.Summary WritingPeople are social creatures by nature,and so it is hardly surprising that some portion of their self-esteem(自尊心)comes from the approval of others.This instinct is why the approval of peers,and the fear of disapproval,is such a powerful force in many people’s lives.Despite the most common associations with the term peer,peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence may even get a friend off drugs,or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bod one.Study groups,class projects,and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.However,for certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction.In order to fit in,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right wand wrong.Groups of children may join in bullying(欺凌)newcomers in school.Teens and young adults may feel obliged to use drugs or alcohol,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses.There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others.Being self-aware is at the root of managing this type of pressure.“Going with the flow,”is not always a bad thing,but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences,it is important to be a thinking participant in the decision.V.Translation72.他一交掉试卷就意识到忘记写名字了。
最新-上海师大附中等六校2018届高三联考英语试题 精品
上海市六校2018 届高三联考英语试题满分150分时间14：00-16：00第I卷（共105 分）I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1．A．Get some small change．B．Cash a check at a bank．C．Find a shopping center．D．Find a parking meter．2．A．Painting pictures．B．Enhancing images．C．Mending cameras．D．Taking photographs3．A．She expected more people at the party．B．She enjoys entertaining small children．C．She has always enjoyed great popularity．D．She threw a surprise party for her friend．4．A．He is pleased with his exciting new job．B．He is not so excited about his new position．C．He finds the huge workload unbearable．D．He finds his office much too big for him．5．A．The woman had forgotten Maxim’s phone number．B．The man saw Maxim on the street two months ago．C．Maxim and the woman had not been in touch for some time．D．The woman made a phone call to Maxim yesterday．6．A．The library is closed on weekends．B．He was not allowed to check out the book．C．He had no idea where the book was．D．He didn’t get the book he needed．7．A．He didn’t like it all．B．He enjoyed it as a whole．C．He didn’t think much of it．D．He liked some parts of it．8．A．The man hates to lend his tools to other people．B．The man hasn’t finished working on the bookshelf．C．The tools have already been returned to the woman．D．The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing．9．A．He has been to Seattle many times．B．He has chaired a lot of conference．C．He holds a high position in his company．D．He lived in Seattle for many years．10．A．The houses for sale are of poor quality．B．The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses on sale．C．The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers．D．The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy．SectionDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following introduction．11．A．Job security．B．Challenging work．C．Good labor relations．D．Attractive wages and benefits．12．A．Offer them chances of promotion．B．Improve their working conditions．C．Encourage them to compete with each other．D．Give them responsibilities as part of a team．13．A．They will not bring real benefits to the staff．A．They concern a small number of people only．B．They are arbitrarily set by the administrators．C．They are beyond the control of ordinary workers．D．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving．B．They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent．C．They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars．D．They are pleased because it saves them much time．15．A．They don’t have their own cars to drive to work．B．Many of them are romantic by temperament．C．Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat．D．They tend to be more friendly to each other．16．A．Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed．B．Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board．C．Some suggest improving the design of the deck．D．Some object to using larger luxury boats．Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．II．Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．25．I felt it rather inappropriate to turn up at the graduation ceremony ________jeans and a T-shirt．A．on B．with C．in D．by26．After John had been in captivity for three years, he and his wife had a lot to tell_____________．A．themselves B．each other C．himself D．herself 27．“They didn’t give the concert after all last night．”“___________________”A．Did they? Why not? B．Did they? Why didn’t?C．Haven’t they? Why? D．Didn’t they? Why not?28．She____________ with the symphony orchestra three times this season．A．played B．has been playing C．has played D．is playing 29．“Aren’t they meeting us here?”“Well, they ___________, because they weren’t at home when I rang a few minutes ago．”A．must be B．can’t be C．must D．needn’t be30．The authenticity of dialogue and setting often makes low-budget films seem ____ ____ than the somewhat artificial version of reality in Hollywood movies．A．less real B．more real C．much real D．real31．Those concerned by the long-term effects of global warming believe that the damage has been done, ______________________．whether we take remedial steps nowB．if or not we take remedial steps nowC．whether we take remedial steps now or notD．unless we take remedial steps now32．The ministry didn’t expect __________quite such a negative reaction from farmers．A．there being B．it C．to be D．there to be33．________ by the array of goods that were on sale, my friend Felicia ended up spending her whole month’s allowance．A．Being tempted B．Tempted C．To be tempted D．Tempting34．___________________________ for the elderly, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage．A．However a dog may be a good companionB．Whatever a dog may be a good companionC．Whatever good a companion a dog can beD．However a good companion a dog can be35．The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material, ___________ proved to be reliable．A．most of them B．most of whichC．most of whom D．most of those36．Their loan application __________________, they weren’t able to buy the house．A．had been refused B．has been refusedC．having been refused D．being refused37．The chairman interviewed everyone involved in the accident to ascertain the truth behind __________actually happened．A．what B．that C．it D．which38．The fashion designer makes frequent trips to Paris, as it is street ahead_________fashion is concerned．A．which B．where C．why D．whose39．__________lie detector tests are not allowed as evidence in the courts, it is nevertheless a useful investigative tool．A．Unless B．If C．Because D．Although40．I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, _________these donation draw tickets from you．A．buy B．buying C．buys D．to buySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word canThe Grade I-listed Clifton Suspension Bridge spans 412 meters across the Avon gorge in Bristol, with Egyptian-inspired towers __41 steel chains from which the roadway is hung．A Brunel masterpiece, the bridge is a true icon of engineering．But today we could grow a suspension bridge, building it out of artificial spider silk woven together to produce strong strands．In September 2018, scientists in the US announced they had __42 transgenic silkworms capable of spinning artificial spider silk．Biologists at the University of Notre Dame, the University of Wyoming and Kraig Biocraft Laboratories took DNAfrom spiders and added it to that of silkworms to modify the silk they produce．When these silkworms spin their cocoons, they create a combination of silkworm silk and spider silk with __43__ improved elasticity and strength．“It’s around five times as__44__ as steel of the same density and it’s now possible to produce this biopolymer on the large scale,”says architect Magnus Larsson．“So it could be used for __45__ such as bulletproof vests, biomedical uses, structural fabrics—even suspension bridges．”Larsson’s redesign would recreate the suspension bridge with a spider’s web-like structure__46__ from this silk．The suspension bridge’s towers are one of the iconic elements of its design．If they remain in our 21st-century structure, the artificial silk could be spun between them, in a __47_ pattern to a spider’s web．“We could also build the roadway from this material and cars could run over it,” says Larsson．“It’s so strong．Serious experiments are being carried out __48__ at using this as a building material as we speak．”“More biotecture than architecture, we would __49__ grow our new spider silk suspension bridge,” concludes Larsson．“We’d create one of the most impressive feasts of human engineering in the 21st century．”III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．While some of the best professional big-wave surfers in the world looked out over 40-foot waves crashing onto the shores of Oahu’s Waimea Bay, the __50__ seemed disappointingly clear．The Quicksilver Invitation surfing competition had to be canceled．The waves were just too__51__．But on that same late-January day, relatively unknown big-wave rider Greg Russ had to be physically __52__ by lifeguards from launching out into the biggest surf in more than a decade．The guards were interfering with his right to make __53__, he said．The incentive: $50,000 from the surf-equipment manufacturer K2 to anyone who can ride the biggest wave of the year and get it __54__．From ice climbing to mountain biking to big-wave surfing, more people are becoming extreme athletes, putting their lives in danger for the__55__ thrill．But the K2 contest, and the growing popularity of extreme sports worldwide, has raised questions about the financial and human__56__ for athletes and rescuers who watch over them．For many, the incident at Waimea perfectly__57__ the dangers unleashed when big money, big egos, and big challenges are mixed．Although exact figures on how many extreme athletes exist are hard to come by, isolated statistical evidence __58__ a rapid increase．For example, the number of climbers__59__ to climb Alaska’s 20,300-foot Mt．McKinley---the tallest peak in North America---increased from 695 in 1984 to 1,100 in 1997．“It’s a numbers deal, and clearly there are more people getting hurt than there were when I started doing__60__ 20 years ago,” says Dan Burnett, a mission coordinator with the all-volunteer Summit County Search and Rescue Group in Colorado．“We’re responding in areas now that even four years ago I would have thought we didn’t need to check because __61__goes there．”Some strides have been made toward creating a（n）__62__ extreme-sports world．Three years ago, Denali National Park in Alaska, __63__, instituted a mandatory $ 150 fee for climbers seeking to ascend Mt．McKinley．The fee pays for an educational program that park rangers creditwith dramatically __64__ the number of search-and-rescue missions and fatalities．50．A．decision B．surprise C．devotion D．mission 51．A．small B．light C．big D．deep 52．A．restarted B．restrained C．related D．recorded 53．A．progress B．money C．preparations D．limits54．A．on duty B．on sale C．on film D．on average 55．A．apparent B．strange C．astonishing D．ultimate 56．A．consequence B．willingness C．penalty D．position 57．A．becomes B．appears C．scores D．illustrates 58．A．picks out B．points to C．picks up D．points out 59．A．attempting B．agreeing C．looking forward D．demanding 60．A．engineering B．award C．rescues D．researches 61．A．somebody B．nobody C．anyone D．none 62．A．cheaper B．easier C．further D．safer63．A．in a word B．above all C．for instance D．in addition to 64．A．increasing B．reducing C．accepting D．promotingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．（A）Irene’s mother stood in the doorway, tears streaming down as she sobbed, body quivering．The door had just slammed moments before．In all of her ten years of wisdom, she had learnt too many things to last her a lifetime．She learnt the glance her mother would give her father when he came home late, walking funny and stumbling into the furniture．She learnt the sadness in her mother’s face as she tucked her in and daddy still had not come home．She hated the dark, cold stares they gave each other all the time．But now, seeing her mother leaning against the door, she just had to do something．Long moments passed．She felt awkward and nervous, not knowing what to do, what to say or what was happening．She swore then and there that she was not going to be like that with her husband, not with her kids standing by．The thought of her friend, Matilda, came to her mind．Matilda had parents that said nice things to each other．They held hands and took her great places like Disneyland．“Why can’t my parents be like that?” she thought to herself．Irene took a deep breath and ran up to her mommy and hugged her as tightly as her small arms possibly could．She whispered, “ I love you, mommy．I really do．” Then she leaned up to kiss her neck．She held her close and she could feel the smile against her cheek, and her damp eyelashes too．“Baby,” she said, “ I love you so much it hurts．I’m so sorry．I wish things were better for you, I do．I didn’t bring you into this world to live like this．”65．What kept Irene’s father out so late every night?A．He was out drinking．B．He always had to work late．C．He did not like being home．D．He wanted to avoid seeing Irene and her mother．66．Why did Irene swear not to fight with her husband in front of her kids?A．She felt it was not fair to them．B．She wanted her children to have a perfect life．C．She knew how traumatic it would be for them．D．She did not want them to be exposed to negative behavior．67．Why did Irene feel she had to do something when she saw her mother crying at the doorway?A．She felt awkward and nervous．B．She felt the need to comfort her mother．C．That was her way of reacting to the situation．D．She was angry with her father for reducing her mother to tears．68．What emotion was Irene’s mother experiencing in the last paragraph?A．Guilt B．Anger C．Contempt D．Regret（B）One thinks of princes and presidents as some of the most powerful people in the world; however, governments, elected or otherwise, sometimes have had to struggle with the financial powerhouses called tycoons．The word tycoon is relatively new to the English language．It is Chinese in origin but was given as a title to some Japanese generals．The term was brought to the United States, in the late nineteenth century, where it eventually was used to refer to magnates who acquired immense fortunes from sugar and cattle, coal and oil, rubber and steel, and railroads．Some people called these tycoons “capitals of industry”and praised them for their contributions to U．S．wealth and international stature．Others criticized them as ruthless “robber barons”, who would stop at nothing in pursuit of personal wealth．The early tycoons built successful businesses, often taking over smaller companies to eliminate competition．A single company that came to control an entire market was called a monopoly．Monopolies made a few families very wealthy, but they also placed a heavy financial burden on consumers and the economy at large．As the country expanded and railroads linked the East Coast to the West Coast, local monopolies turned into national corporations called trusts．A trust is a group of companies that join together under the control of a board of trustees．Railroad trusts are an excellent example．Railroads were privately owned and operated and often monopolized various routes, setting rates as high as they desired．The financial burden this placed on passengers and businesses increased when railroads formed trusts．Farmers, for example, had no choice but to pay, as railroads were the only means they could use to get their grain to buyers．Exorbitant （过高的）freight rates put some farmers out of business．There were even accusations that the trusts controlled government itself by buying votes and manipulating elected officials．In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust．Act, legislation aimed at breaking the power of such trusts．The Sherman Antitrust Act focused on two main issues．First of all, it made illegal any effort to interfere with the normal conduct of interstate trade．It also made it illegal to monopolize any part of business that operates across state lines．Over the next 60 years or so, Congress enacted other antitrust laws in an effort to encourage competition and restrict the power of larger corporations．69．The Sherman Antitrust Act_______________________．A．affected only the companies doing business within state linesB．sought to eliminate monopolies in favor of competition in the market-placeC．promoted trade with a large number of nationsD．provides a financial advantage to the buyer70．One might infer from this passage that lower prices _________________．A．are more likely to exist in a competitive market economyB．usually can be found only in an economy based on monopoliesC．matter only to people who are poor and living below the poverty levelD．are regulated by the government71．It seems likely that many Americans_____________________．A．believed that the trusts had little influence over governmentB．expected the wealthy magnates to share money with the poorC．did little to build up American businessD．were worried that trusts might manipulate the government（C）The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship．In the beginning, the games were open only to amateurs．An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity---from sports to science or the arts---is purely for pleasure．Amateurs, whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation ; professionals, in contrast, perform their work in order to earn a living．From the perspective of many athletes, however, the Olympic playing field has been far from level．Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded（排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid．Countries have always desired to send their best athletes, not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games．A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support”from “earning money．” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿）for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal．College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete．When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier．Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs．In 1971 the International Olympic Committee（IOC）removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete．In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games．There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games．For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money．Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals．Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time．72．One might infer that _______________________．A．developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costlyB．professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewardsC．amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is playedD．amateurs athletes have a better attitude than professionals do73．The statement “the playing field has been far from level” means that__________．A．the ground the athletes played on was in bad conditionB．the poorer players were given some advantagesC．the rules did not work the same way for everyoneD．amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways74．The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________．A．a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthdayB．money received from a winning lottery ticketC．an allowance paid to a childD．Money from charity organization75．One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________．A．has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic gamesB．has struggled with the definition of amateur over the yearsC．regards itself as an organization for professional athletes onlyD．did nothing but stop allowing communists to participateSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable question from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra question which you do not need．everyone．The first attempt was called Nupedia, which was a failure．The model we used to try to create Nupedia was very top-down, very academic and not very much fun for the volunteers．I launched the Wiki in 2001, and it just grew and grew and grew．________77．We think it is．We exist through the donations of the general public．The vast majority of them come from our annual giving campaign．That gives us enough money for another year．Is it sustainable in the long run? I think it is, but time will tell．________78．We need to make a very careful distinction between censorship and editorial judgment．Censorship is forbidding the publication of certain knowledge．Editorial judgment means asking．Are these facts relevant? Are they verifiable? Every entry has to be subject to thoughtful editorial judgment．But it’s never the case that we should accept censorship．________79．I remember, in the early days of Wikipedia, looking at a list of the top 100websites and seeing an encyclopedia reference site ranked around No 50．I thought, if we do a really good job, maybe we can make it into the top 100．Now we’re the fifth most popular website in the world, with over 400 million people visiting every month．It’s much bigger than I expected．________80．We have absolutely nothing to do with Wikileaks．We shouldn’t get credit for it, and we shouldn’t get criticized for it．I’ve had a couple of cringing moments where I see some head of state who makes the error, and I’m like, oh, come on．Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）One of the major reasons the reef is so fascinating to scientists and tourists is its infinite variety．They come in various shapes and sizes, ranging from more than a few thousand meters in area to over one hundred and twenty square kilometers．Some of the very outer reefs are up to expose themselves while others remain fully submerged．The beauty of the reefs can only be truly appreciated from an aerial view．About two thousand eight hundred species of fish are known to live in the reef region．It could take many years for scientists to come up with a complete list of all the plants and animals found on any one reef．Many species are still to be identified and named, showing a staggering diversity of life．Coral reefs start out small and grow about half an inch a year．If undisturbed by man, however, they can grow to be quite big．The Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia is one good example! Reefs grow best in sunny, shallow, clear water．They rarely grow deeper than forty meters and they prefer salt water．The appropriate temperatures and salinities are most often found in the tropics．Coral reefs are important because they provide protection and shelter for many different species of fish．Without coral reefs, these fish are left homeless with nowhere to live or to have their babies．Not only do these fish increase the diversity of our world but also reef fish and mollusks feed between thirty and forty million people every year．They also make beautiful pets and the money made by catching and selling these animals provides many people with an income to feed their families．Coral are also very important in controlling how much carbon dioxide is in the ocean．Without coral, the amount of carbon dioxide in the water would rise drastically and that would affect all living things on Earth．Lastly, coral reefs are very important because they protect the coasts from strong currents and waves by slowing down the water before it gets to the shore．That is why they are called barrier reefs．They provide a barrier between the ocean and the shore．81．The vehicles one must take to be able to see the full extent of the reefs might be _______________________．82．From the passage, write the phrase that means that there are a great variety of plants and animals in the ocean．____________________________83．Why do you think reefs require clear and shallow water to grow?They require clear and shallow water so that __________________________．84．Explain why the coral reefs are also called barrier reefs．第II卷（共45 分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets．1．警察从一家非法的宠物诊所中救出100多条狗。
2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇--学生版(精确校对)
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applicat ions that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to becultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―field s‖ mostly probably means______________.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?A. High costB. Expert crisisC. Technological problemD. Customer interactionsSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Think the world lovesyour selfiesas much as you do? Not exactly.It‘s becomesomethingofaritualformanyof us.Whenyou‘vebinge-watchedeverythingonNetflixand youaretiredofonlineshopping,youheadtothebathroomtoputonyourverybestmakeup.Y ourgoalisclear;t ogettheperfectselfieforFacebook,Instagram,Snapchat…or,more likely,alloftheabove.Afterperfecting youreyelinerandcurlingyourlashes,you‘re ready.Y ouhold up your phone,poutthoselipsreal tight,and inaninstant,snap.Butwait,haveyoueverwondered what‘s behindyourburningdesiretoself-document?Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisaformofexpressionorperhapsevenawayofboostingtheirself-esteem.Whateveryourreas onsmaybe,themomentyouuploadthatpicture,it‘s nolongeryours to judge.Indeed,youpassoverthat immensepower to theonlineworld.While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others didthe same thing.Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithreg ularlytakingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeople saidthattheywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthis the ―selfies paradox‖:theidea thatwe like taking selfiesbutseriously dislikelooking atother people‘s selfies online.The research didn‘t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as ― self-ironic‖ and ―authentic‖, whereas they think that other people‘s selfies as ―less authentic‖ and more ―self-presentational‖.Inshort,thisresearchsuggeststhatthereisamassivegulfofdifferencebetweenhowweseeourownselfi esand howwejudgeother people‘s pictures.Itsuggeststhatwe arecomfortablewiththeselfieswepostsincewebelievetheyareobviouslynotseriousorvain,butwethinkev eryoneelseis a totalegotist for doing the very samething.―Thismayexplainhoweveryb odycantakeselfieswithoutfeelingnarcissistic.Ifmostpeoplethinklike this,thenitisnowonderthattheworldisfullof selfies,‖explainsDiefenbach.So,asillogicalasitsounds,thisc ouldbewhyweunashamedlypostselfiesandthenjudgeotherpeoplefordoingso.Somehow,weareabletose parateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaively thinkthat oursare the only authentic ones.So,thenexttimeyouidlyreachforyourphoneandflickthroughthefilters,considerthis:Thepeoplearoundyoumaynotneedanothercarefullyplannedsna pofyourface.Instead,youmightbe betteroff, givingita breakandcallingofftheselfiephotoshoottoday.Whileyou‘re at it, makesure you never post these pictures on socialmediaeither.60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?A. To show others what kind of persons they are.B. To be more confident about themselves.C. To encourage others to make comments on them.D. To make others like them more.61. What does the word ―paradox‖(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements62. According to the passage, what are people‘s attitudes towards selfies?A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others‘ selfies.B. They believe that oth er people‘s selfies are much better than their own.C. They think that other people‘s selfies are as genuine as theirs.D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Outdoor RecreationGet outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright atlwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.Upcoming adventuresTBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain BikingParticipants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking TrailsA bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw CavesThe Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.......60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?A. You can‘t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________.A. B.C. D.62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men‘s only) on Millitary Trail.D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Hollywood‘s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics控制论）, put it this way: ―If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectivelyinterfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.‖A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate withliving things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds ofcomputer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but noteasy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is notpossible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just ―switch them off‖ as ifsuper intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, ―Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.‖ However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human‘s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots‘ affecting the world61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who‘s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.When you‘re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just likethe ones you‘d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I‘ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can ―check-in‖ virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‗infuriate‘, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York'B. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is itpossible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 14:06C. 15:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser‘s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 timeseach day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount ofwater it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on whichthe predictions are calculated by the naturalists.D. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each timeand it‘s located in the world‘s l argest national park.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.B. The Yellowstone official website.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that‘s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn‘t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren‘t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went tobig engineering ―factories‖ where they didn‘t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I‘m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students tryto reconcile（协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don‘t‘ mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.60.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_________ .A)wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality.B)intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist.C)wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.D)intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals.61.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected___________.A)to have an excellent academic record.B)to be wise and mature.C)to be imaginative with a value system to guide him.D)to be a technical genius with a wide vision.62.The author‘s experience shows that he was___________.A)creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrationalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.inlearning English, especially for children and teens, it will be of particular interest toand communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personalDanielhediscovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by59. From the passage we can conclude that ―Learning English Video Project‖ is most probably .A. an online language learning courseB. audio documents on language learningC. a series of short video programsD. a set of films on English-speaking countries60. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch .A. Encounters in the UKB. Stories from MoroccoC. Thoughts from BrazilD. Insights from China61. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil?A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative.B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners.C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning.D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.60.If you wish to complete two tours in one day,you would probably choose__________.A.Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour.B.Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour.C.Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.D.Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour.61.Which ofthe following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B.Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C.If you want to visit Underwater World,you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D.If 2 adults and 2 children,aged 3 and 9,attend tour B410,they should pay $ 281.62.What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A.Welcoming and humorous.B.Warm and inviting.C.Modest and initiative.D.Casual and compulsory.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Mapping AntarcticaAntarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for ―unknown land‖) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times rhe size of the U.S..While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica‘s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center(PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the com pany‘s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant‘s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. ―It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,‖ says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.‖ According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched。
2018届高三英语上学期12月考试试题(无答案)
2018届高三英语上学期12月考试试题（无答案）第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）注意：回答听力部分时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the time now?A.3:30p.m.B. 4:00 p.m.C 4:30 p.m.2. What are the speakers probably doing?A. Listening to a song.B. Waiting at a bus station.C. Buying concert tickets.3. Why is the man calling?A. To make an apology,B. To cancel a date.C. To talk about a film.4. What is the woman probably doing?A. Learning to drive.B. Taking a driving test.C. Having a class.5. What will the man probably do?A. Refuse the offer.B. Work on Saturday.C. Work on Saturday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的响应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高三英语12月联考试题(上海市十二校含答案)
2018届高三英语12月联考试题(上海市十二校含答案) Kj 上海市十二校and-error method, they may draon past experiences, or they may try to find out (35) ______others have discovered They may design neinvestigations and neays of testing their results Scientists have to train themselves to use their brains efficientlyFor example, when Thomas A Edison was trying to make an electric lamp, he needed the only substance inside the bulb (36) ______would globrightly without burning up quickly He tried more than one thousand times (37) ______he found the exact substance he could use After he had experimented for a long time, someone asked Mr Edison whether he was discouraged at the waste of time He replied, “I have not been wasting time I (38)______ (find) one thousand materials that won’t work NoI can look for others” Edison’s statement is very important Above all, scientists demand to knohen and where they are wrong A good question to ask in science is not “Am I right?” but “Am I wrong?”Scientists spend many years of study (39) ______ (train) themselves to use their brains and the tools of investigation They also use each other’s work Isaac Newton, (40) who is ______ unique British scientist, said he safurther than others because he stood on the shoulders of giantsSection BDirections plete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you needA dominanceB consistentC necessarilyD adapted。
六校协作体2018届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷
六校协作体2018届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷一、完形填空1. 完形填空I was on my way home from work, cutting through the park. On that day, the sun seemed to 1 faster than usual, and all of a sudden I found myself walking 2 I was less than half a mile from my apartment,3the path would lead me over a bridge, across train tracks, and 4 an unlit underpass (地下通道).Then 5 I heard him --- a stranger running alongside me. My mouth went 6. My legs felt like water. But I didn't7my pace. Instead, I stopped, turned, and8 him. He came out of the bushes and said he'd been watching me for a long time.9he walked beside me, I moved a little closer to the edge ofthe10When we reached the bridge, a train raced past, and he seized the moment,11 himself suddenly at me as hishands12my throat. The self-defense skills I had learned years before kicked in, and I dug my 13into his eye, hard. Buthe14grew bolder (大胆), pulling at my clothes. So I put all my 15into that thumb, and finally he16.I was shaking with 17but I looked him straight in the eye andbegan to back away. I 18to run the hell out of there, but then I 19 another self-defense lesson: Never20 because then you're prey (猎物). So I walked away ---alone --- through the dark underpass as I dialed 911 with trembling fingers.（1）A . riseB . liftC . setD . fall（2）A . at a lossB . out of breathC . in a hurryD . in the dark （3）A . butB . soC . orD . for（4）A . acrossB . pastC . throughD . by（5）A . immediatelyB . suddenlyC . clearlyD . quietly（6）A . coldB . hotC . emptyD . dry（7）A . pick upB . use upC . throw upD . break up（8）A . caughtB . facedC . hitD . recognized（9）A . UntilB . SinceC . AfterD . As（10）A . apartmentB . homeC . parkD . train（11）A . laughingB . throwingC . keepingD . driving （12）A . closed aroundB . took inC . cut offD . waved at （13）A . headB . armC . fistD . thumb（14）A . alwaysB . simplyC . nearlyD . usually（15）A . strengthB . abilityC . feelingD . attention（16）A . went byB . broke downC . let goD . looked away （17）A . excitementB . joyC . disappointmentD . fear （18）A . attemptedB . managedC . failedD . preferred （19）A . watchedB . learnedC . rememberedD . found （20）A . waitB . hesitateC . panicD . run二、阅读理解2. 阅读理解The burst of barking suddenly woke me up. It was 2:30 a.m. in the early morning. Wondering why Rock was making so loud noises, I decided to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up. I felt strange, for he had never come up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, “We've got to go back up.”When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then forced open the window and kicked out the screen. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.I was scared of heights, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I just jumped off the roof and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed.I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine-month-old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roofto get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw Rock alive again.1.（1） What happened to the author one early Januarymorning?A . His dog was injured.B . A robbery took place.C . His house was on fire.D . His wife disappeared.2.（2） The passage is mainly developed by .A . analyzing causesB . making comparisonsC . giving examplesD . following the time order3.（3） What is the passage mainly talking about?A . My devoted friend Rock.B . Some tips for surviving a fire.C . How the fire broke out.D . How my family survived a fire.3. 阅读理解With the clicking of walking sticks and determined steps,a long line of walking group along the winding road is afantastic sight. Almost each of the walkers is using somekind of fitness tracker. A few Fitbits, some Xiaomi wristbands (手环), a couple of phone apps and some otherpedometers (计步器) --- and all, they say, are counting their steps.Fitness trackers are in. Sales figures for 2016 released by Internet Data Center (IDC) indicated 25% market growthcompared to the previous year, with Fitbit taking the lion's share, followed by the brand Xiaomi.However, the wearables market has had a rollercoaster ride in recent months. Jawbone, once a popular fitness tracker brand, announced that it is leaving the consumer market. Microsoft has removed its Fitness Band on its online store although it is still available on retail (零售) giant Amazon. Fitbit remains a key brand name at the heart of the fitness tracker revolution. But it is recently reported to be cutting down on workers, and its founder James Park said it experienced “softer than expected” sales recently.Counting steps is probably the most common use of wearable devices (可穿戴设备), but recently experts have questioned whether the golden goal of walking 10,000 steps a day is actually worthwhile, and a US study concluded that health trackers did not aid weight loss.Analyst Ben Wood from CCS Insight used to wear a fitness tracker on either wrist. Now, however, his concern is about users'experience --- these devices don't tell you anything new after a while. There are also battery problems and many of the older and cheaper varieties aren't waterproof (防水的).4.（1） Which of the following can replace the underlinedword ,in'in Para.2?A . commonB . wearableC . worthwhileD . popular5.（2） What do we know about the fitness trackers fromPara.3?A . They still have many users.B . Their sales are decreasing.C . They sell well on Amazon.D . Fitbit is leaving the market.6.（3） How does the author sound about the future offitness trackers in the last two paragraphs?A . Pessimistic.B . Optimistic.C . Hopeful.D . Sympathetic.4. 阅读理解The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from risingsea levels, but the government said on Thursday it waslooking to the future with plans to build homes and a golfcourse that can float.An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeterswould make the Maldives --- a nation of a number of tinycoral islands in the Indian Ocean --- not suitable for humans to live in by 2100, the UN's climate change experts havewarned.President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight forsurvival, and last month he signed a deal with a Dutchcompany to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre, homes and an 18-holegolf course.The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. Its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.Nasheed, who held the world's first underwater cabinet (内阁) meeting in October to highlight his people's serious and difficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered.He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral (碳中和)” by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sourcessuch as burning coconut husks.7.（1） According to the passage, the Maldives is acountry __ _.A . that is made up of many small islandsB . which has been covered by water nowC . where people live in underwater housesD . whose people live in their floating homes8.（2） Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands forhis plan probably because it ________.A . has a good fame throughout the worldB . charged much less than other companiesC . has experience in building floating structuresD . supports building floating structures in the world9.（3） The Hulhumale was built for the purpose of________.A . attracting more visitorsB . making it a new capitalC . fighting against climate changeD . making the capital less crowded10.（4） What is the author's purpose in writing thepassage?A . To promote the idea of low-carbon living style.B . To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.C . To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.D . To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.三、任务型阅读5. 任务型阅读How to Deal With Travel Anxiety AbroadTraveling abroad offers many benefits. But for those suffering from anxiety, travelling in a new country they know little about can be challenging.________Take a notebook. A notebook is the perfect choice to keep your trip organized! It can be used to detail the itinerary (行程) and map important locations________For example, whenever you feel bored, you can find a quiet place to sit and draw as you like.________The biggest travelling fears can be getting lost, losing smartphones or having passports stolen. So to deal with such nerves, think of possible ways in advance for all the situations before travelling.Socialize with strangers.________But when you're traveling, you have to talk with others.You'll find plenty of people willing to recommend new places or share their experiences.Be proud of how far you've come. Things are not always going as you like. There is nothing better than some positive words to make yourself calm and confident that things will getbetter and you're doing the right thing.________ Don't ruin all the progress you've been making.All in all, anxiety can strike anytime. Positive thoughts and preparedness can help you go on and get lost in a new culture --- you'll be glad you did!A. It is also important to record details.B. Try to keep your emotions in control.C. It can bring some other benefits as well.D. You may be a person with social anxiety.E. Create plans for some issues ahead of time.F. Fortunately, there are ways of managing this fear.G. These tips will change your opinion about travelling.四、语法填空6. 语法填空I became a nurse because of my dad.________ (suffer) from cancer made him painful and in low spirits. Then I saw the people________ made the most differences: They comforted him and helped reduce________(he) pain. I wanted to be a part of that.Trust in nursing is almost on a spiritual level. The people we care for are the most frightened. They believe that you will give everything you have and that you will be there for themmentally and ________(emotion).A parent of a child I was taking care of forseveral________(month) came up to me one day. I looked at her and could tell something was wrong. She told me her son was going to die and that she wanted me________(take) care of him with her.That night she told me her son loved me. It was such________unforgettable moment. This mother ________(think) of me not only as a caregiver and nurse but also________someone she trusted so much that she wanted me to be there with her and her son. You couldn't feel more________(trust) than that!五、书面表达7. 假定你是李华，今年二月将参加澳大利亚两周游冬令营。
2018届高三英语上学期12月适应性月考卷(五)
2018届高三英语上学期12月适应性月考卷（五）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）注意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Buy a map.B. Go to a company.C. Go to a film with her.2. What will the woman most probably write with?A. A pen.B. A pencil.C. A ball-pen3. What did the man do?A. He woke up late.B. He forgot to do his hair.C. He wore the mismatched clothes.4. What do you know about the reporter?A. He is successful.B. He is generous.C. He is old.5. Why can’t the man find enough food in the woman’s house ?A. The woman is on a diet.B. The man is an uninvited guest.C. The woman doesn’t prepare food on purpose.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
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上海市六校2018届高三上学期12月联考Section A （20%）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Find Happiness without Buying it?Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be obtained without having money.Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have, we ___21___ (teach)to want more. We learn from advertising, and from the media, __22____ we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or __23___ (fulfill) emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for.Unfortunately, as a society we have bought into these ___24___ (misguide)messages and have come to believe that ___25__ (spend) money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that __26___ have been spent with our families, ___27__ the pursuit of the almighty dollar.Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, Think about __28__ you would spend your time, and what you would do for enjoyment. Change your focus from material possessions to ___29__ that bring you enjoyment, such as spending quality time with your family and friends.Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families, but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming, __30___ otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A pen has always been a(n) (31) ________tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing students to use laptops(手提电脑) or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students’handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)______ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)______ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.―There has definitely been a (34)______ trend. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,‖ Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)______ to return to university during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators. However, some (36)______ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)______ Cambridge to ―make sure that students continue to write by hand, particularly in lectures‖.She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridge’s examples.In fact, a similar plan was carried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)______ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the ―flipped classroom (翻转课堂)‖. He believed that the rise of the (39)______ to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we don’t need to memorize anything. Students should be tested on their creative and (40)______ skills, rather than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.III. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context.It's no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought.In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity (肥胖症) -- body mass index, or BMI -- significantly (41) ______ the number of people, especially women, who are obese.Braverman and his co-author, Dr. Nirav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. While BMI is a simple ratio of a person’s height and weight, theDEXA scan-- which is normally used to measure body density (密度) -- can (42) ______ between bone, fat and muscle mass.Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be (43) ______ to 60% according to Braverman.Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) (44) ______ measure of healthy weight. Extremely muscular people, (45) ______ , may weigh ―too much‖ for their height, since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat. Yet it’s not extra weight itself, but excess fat that (46) ______ health problems.―People aren’t being diagnosed as obese, so they’re not being told about their risk of disease or being given (47) _____ on how to improve their health,‖Braverman said. Data show that people who (48) ______ to put on pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.So why is BMI still being used, if it’s not (49) ______? For now, it’s the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a person’s healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body (50) ______. DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a (51) ______ measure during doctor’s visits. BMI isn’t perfect, but many experts say it’s the best they have.Still, as results like Braverman’s continue to (52) ______, it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and (53) ______, body fat. ―It’s important to point out the (54) ______ of the BMI,‖Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinai’s Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said. ―It’s a poor measure of (55) ______, and we do need better measures.‖41、A. predicts B. underestimates C. increases D. reduces42、A. compare B. recognize C. identify D. distinguish43、A. closer B. related C. devoted D. key44、A. important B. imperfect C. incredible D. uncertain45、A. for example B. in contrast C. in addition D. without doubt46、A. arises from B. owes to C. leads to D. goes through47、A. views B. orders C. instruction D. focus48、A. decide B. start C. hope D. fear49、A. right B. recognizable C. popular D. precise50、A. structure B. well-being C. function D. weight51、A. special B. routine C. scientific D. decisive52、A. fill in B. run out C. go down D. build up53、A. in particular B. on occasion C. after all D. in all54、A. mistakes B. failure C. inferiority D. weakness55、A. health B. body C. fatness D. diseasesSection B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passage. E ach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a favorable public image, male politicians don’t have as many fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine – his socks.He’s been seen wearing ―statement socks‖ at many public events. For example, during a NATO(北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in May, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves – a national symbol of Canada – when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times’ editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeau’s play on his socks as ―clever‖.―Socks are subtle(微妙的) e nough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you can’t miss the point,‖ she wrote. ―Rarely have a man’s ankles said so much.‖But not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message – some of them are just for fun.One example is a pair he wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks –simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to V ogue magazine reporter Emily Farra, that message was ―just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,‖ she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeau’s unusual sock choices show a childish side o f the prime minister that proves he isn’t mature enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesn’t see it that way. ―The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale –a symbol both of Mr Trudeau’s ability to embrace mu lticulturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,‖ she wrote. ―They have opened up possibilities for the future.‖1.Trudeau wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to _______A.distract audience’s attention from the TV showsB.send a message that he is proud of his countryC.narrow the gap between politician and civiliansD.claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country2.The underlined word ―quirky‖ is closest in meaning to _______A.abnormalB.seriousC.enthusiasticD.odd3.According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau _______A.has a promising future but still an inexperienced politicianed a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC.is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD.is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future4.The article is mainly about _______A.the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leader’s clever choice of socksC.how male politicians maintain public imageD.the gender difference in modern politicians(B)●CAFE DISPLAY●OUR JOURNEYS●12 April-29 May 2008Young people explore how they have adapted to life in Oxford.―When I first came here,‖ says one young African woman, ―I just wanted to cry all the time. And now I have learned to laugh again.‖ Working with photographer Rory Carnegie and writer Nikki van der Gaag, young men and women explore their journey from the time they first arrived in a strange place to where they find themselves today. Organized by The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival (10－17 April 2008). Supported by the Maggie Black Trust and Oxford City Council.● ACTIVlTlES FOR CHlLDREN AND FAMILIES● MODERN ART TROLLEY FREEArt activities for children every weekend during the exhibition in the Entrance Space from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. Just drop in. Children must be led by an adult.● WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDSThursday 7 April, 10：30 a. m. to 1：30 p. m.Looking at themes from the exhibition and exploring pictures based ideas through group discussion and using digital cameras. Led by Judie Waldmann.● BOOK LAUNCH FREEThe Drawing Book by Sarah Simblet is a practical approach to drawing the world around you. Sarah Simblet, who teaches at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, University of Oxford, will be present to give a short talk about the development of her book. Special price of￡18 on copies purchased in the evening.Booking recommended on 01865 813802● TEACHERS’ EVENING FREEThursday 21 April, 5 p.m. to 7：30 p. m.Lecture by Susan Bright, independent writer and lecturer, at 5：30 p. m. followed by an opportunity to view the exhibition. FREE Education Notes will be provided for teachers attendingthe evening.● WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERSSaturday 7 May, 10：30 a. m. to 1：30 p. m.Workshop for primary teachers who would like to develop their practical art skill as well as gain an understanding of modern art practice. Led by Judie Waldmann, artist and former primary school teacher.● TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPSExhibition talks and artist-led workshops to create work in response to the exhibition are available for pre-booked school groups. Suitable for primary and secondary schools, to check availability and discuss details call Sarah Mossop on 1865 813816.1.If you are a teacher and interested in art, you probably would like to go to ________.A. TEACHERS’ EVENINGB. MODERN ART TROLLEYC. WORKSHOP FOR PRIMARY TEACHERSD. TALKS AND WORKSHOPS FOR SCHOOL GROUPS2. What can we learn from the passage？A. Susan Bright will give a short talk at the launch of the Drawing Book.B. Rory Carnegie and Nikki will teach young people how to take photos.C. The workshop led by Judie is intended for the secondary school students.D. The children who go to the Modern Art Trolley must be led by an adult.3. Which of the following would be the best title of the text？A. Free journeysB. Spring eventsC. Weekend ActivitiesD. Activities for teachers(C)Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Supporters of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with thehighest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted(多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college stu dents is the question ―What will I do after graduation?‖ A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a brief statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long range goals，a graduating student m ight revise the question above to ―What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?‖1.Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?A.Listing the consequences of each solution.B.Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C.Deciding which consequences are most important.D.Writing down all possible solutions.2.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optional decision is defined as one that _______.A.has the fewest variables to consideres the most decision worksheetsC.has the most points assigned to itD.is agreed to by the greatest number of people3.The author states that ―On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce‖ to explain that ________.A.most decisions involve seven stepsB.human mental capacity has limitationsC.some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisionsD.people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice4.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.C.Research on how people make decisions.D.Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.Section C (8%)Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Add a short but descriptive subject line.B. Having others waiting for your e-mails hurts their enthusiasm for work.C. It could get you a bad reputation as being indiscreet.D. People find long e-mails irksome and energy-sapping.AB. Rushed e-mails that violate the basic norms of written language bespeak carelessness.AC. Sending out e-mails after working hour could be seen as being impolite.Yo ur clients and colleagues don’t have time to engage fully with every e-mail they get. Some of them receive hundreds of messages per day. That’s why they start with the ones they can deal with quickly. They may never get around to answering — or even reading — the rest.So how do you earn their attention? Try these tips:Stick to standard capitalization and punctuation.Conventions of good writing may seem like a waste of time for e-mail, especially when you’re tapping out messages on a handheld device. But it’s a matter of getting things right —the little things. Even if people in your group don’t capitalize or punctuate in their messages, stand out as someone who does. ______67_____ And their abbreviated style can be confusing. It takes less time to write a clear message the first time around than it does to follow up to explain what you meant to say.Be brief — but not too brief. _____68____ The more they have to scroll or swipe, the less receptive they’ll be to your message. They’ll probably just skim it and miss important details — or skip it altogether. So rarely compose more than a single screen of reading. Focus your content, and tighten your language. But as you’re trimming the fat from your message, keep the meat intact. When giving a project update, for example, supply enough background information to orient your readers. C onsider your message from their perspective. They aren’t as immersed in your project as you are, and they probably have many other things going on. So remind them where things stood when you last sent an update, and describe what’s happened since then.____69____ Before hitting ―Send,‖ check your subject line. If it’s generic or blank, your message will get lost in your recipient’s overstuffed inbox. Are you asking someone to take a ction? Highlight that in the subject line. Make your request easy to find — and fulfill.Copy people judiciously. Inclu de only those who will immediately grasp why they’re on the thread; don’t automatically click on ―Reply All.‖ Your correspondent may have been over inclusive with the ―Copy‖ list, and if you repeat that mistake, you’ll continue to annoy the recipients who shouldn’t be there. ____70____Summary Writing（共10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping.Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (欺骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large van pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated(使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late !第II卷（共40分）I. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.人们的共同之处越多，相处得就越好。