英语国际音标教程

音标教程

音素：英语中把组成一个读音的最小单位叫音素。在英语中，冠词的使用和读音与元音音素有着极大的关系。元音字母是构成单词的基本要素，辅音字母起辅助的作用，与元音字母配合构成单词。

5个元音字母：a、e、i、o、u，其余为辅音字母

拼音标要领：(1) 辅音在前，元音在后时，拼读成一个音。

(2) 元音在前，辅音在后时，各读各的音。

一.元音(20个)

1.概念：发音时气流不受阻碍，声带振动。

2.分类：

长元音[ :] [ :] [ :] [ :] [ :]

单元音

元音短元音[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

双元音[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

eg: [ :] ask [ : ] 问car [ :]汽车hard [ : ] 努力[ :] all [ : ] 全部more [ :]更多morning [ : ] 早上

[ :] early[ : ] 早bird[ : ]鸟serve [s :v]服务

[ :] bee[b :]蜜蜂tea[t :] 茶sleep[sl :p]睡觉

[ :] zoo[z :]动物园you[j :]你moon [m :]月亮

[ ] come [k m]来us[ s] 我们cup[k p]杯子

[ ] on [ n]在...上面dog[d g]狗box[b ks]

[ ] father [ f : ]父亲docotr[ d kt ]医生teacher[ t : ]教师

[ ] this[ ]这个is [ ]是big [ ]大的

[ ] good [ ud]好的put[put]放book [buk]书

[ ] yes [ ]是的head [ ]头desk [ ]书桌

[ ] hand [h ]手had [h d]有map [m p]地图

[ ] name [n m]名字hate [h t]恨，讨厌late [ t]迟到

[ ] my [m ]我的five [ ] 五light [ t]灯光

[ ] boy [b ]男孩oil [ ]油noisy [n zi]噪音

[ ] hear [h ]听到near [n ]附近beard [b d]胡子

[ ] air [ ]空气hair [h ]头发fair [f ]公正的

[ ] poor [p ] 贫穷的sure [ ]确实的tour [t ]旅行

[ ] close [kl z]关闭go [ ]去road [r d]路

[ ] house [h s]房子now [n ]现在cow [k ]母牛

二.辅音(28个)

1.概念：发音时气流受到不同发音器官的阻碍。

清辅音：发音时声带不振动

2.分类

浊辅音：发音时声带振动

清辅音[p] [t] [ k] [f] [θ][s] [ʃ] [ h] [ts] [tʃ] [tr]

浊辅音[b] [d] [ ] [v] [ð] [z] [ ] [ r] [dz] [d ] [dr] [m]

[n] [ŋ][ j] [ w] [ l]

eg: [p] paper [ peip ]纸[t] eat [ :t]吃

[k] cake [keik]蛋糕[f] safe [seif]安全

[θ]both [b θ]两个都[s] sun [s n]太阳

[ʃ] wash [w ʃ] [h] home [h m]家

[ts] peasants [peznts]农夫，乡下人[tʃ] China [ tʃ n ]中国

[tr] travel[ tr vl]旅游[b] baby [ b b ]婴儿

[d] day[dei]白天[ ] irl[ :l] 女孩

[v] very[ i] 非常[ð] with[wið] 和

[z] lazy [ eizi]懒[ ] pleasure[ ]高兴

[ r] red[red]红色[dz] beds[bedz]床

[d ] job[d b] 工作[dr] dress[dres]裙子

[m] mother [ m ð ] 母亲[n] know [n ]知道

[ŋ]ink[iŋk] 墨水[ j] yes[jes]是的

[w] what[w t]什么[l] low[l ]低的table[ teibl] 桌子

三、英语音标及字母组合对照

1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek tea

2) [i] 发音字母i y e ui u a

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build 3) [æ] 发音字母a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black 4) [e] 字母组合ea e a （ue, u, ie, ai, ei, ay）

head bread pleasure elephant remember sell shell 5) [ :] 字母组合ir ur ear er or

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger 6) [ə] 字母组合er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer

7) [a:] 字母组合ar a

car fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [ ʌ ] 发音字母u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

9) [ :] 字母组合al or au our ar

short more horse for forty sport door floor store 10) [ ] 发音字母o a ou

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not 11) [u:] 字母组合oo o u

food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth 12) [u] 字母组合oo ou u o

look good foot book wood should could

13) [ei] 发音字母a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April