英语音标入门

英语音标入门一．英语共有48个音素，元音20个(发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍) 辅音28个（发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍）元音 /i:/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/清辅音(发音的时候声带不振动,发音部位比较靠前，在口腔前部，不振动声带，发音的时候感觉人在往前倾,)/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ 浊辅音(发音的时候声带要振动,发音部位比较靠后，在轰隆部位，发音时候感觉头在往后倾)/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z//ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /ŋ/ /ǀ/ /w/ /j/s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/二．具体发音元音/i:/ b e h e cr ea m ea t gr ee n n ee d/ɪ/ b i g c i ty/e/ a ny m a ny b e d b e st br ea kfast/æ/ a t b a g/ɜ:/ h er b ir th f ir st/ə/ h e llo rul e r/ɑ:/ a fternoon cl a ss ar t c ar d/ʌ/ c o lor c o me y oun g c oun try b u s b u t/ɔ:/ a ll a lso rep or t sh or t m ore st ore/ɔ/ w a nt w a tch cl o ck fr o m y our f our/U:/ d o m o vie c oo l f oo d y ou gr ou p/ʊ/ p u t/eɪ/ a ge c a se d ay M ay gr ea t/aɪ/ i ce l i ke n igh t/ɔɪ/ b oy t oy/əʊ/ g o n o b oa t c oa t sh ow kn ow/aʊ/ f ou nd s ou nd h ow n ow/ɪə/ r ea lly d ear y ear/eə//ʊə/辅音/p/ p en p lay/t/ t able t ake/k/ c all c an k ey k id s ch ool bla ck ro ck/f/ f amily f ather lau gh cou gh ph one ph oto /θ/ th ank th ing/s/ c ity s ad s alad/ʃ/ s ure s ugar ma ch ine sh e sh oe/tʃ/ fu t ure na t ural ch air ch ess wat ch mat ch /tr/ tr ip tr umpet/ts/ ba ts ha ts/h/ h at h ave wh o/b/ b ag b all/d/ d ad d ate/g/ g ame g et gu ard gu ess/v/ v ideo v iolin/ð/ th at th is/z/ i s hi s z ero z igzag/ʒ/ u s ually plea s ure/dʒ/ biolo g y giraffe j ob j oin/dr/ dr aw dr awer/dz/ be ds car ds/r/ r ed r uler wr ite/m/ m any m ath cli mb autu mn/n/ n ame n ice si gn forei gn kn ow/ŋ/ si gn/ǀ/ l ast l ate/w/ w ant w atch wh at wh y/j/ y ear y es三．单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny['fʌnɪ]，famous['feməs]由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about[ə'baut]。

有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。

如anybody['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。

双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary[,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ]，grandfather['grænd,fɑðɚ]。

四．句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。

一月至十二月:January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December春夏秋冬:spring, summer, fall, winter时间：second 秒,minute分,quarter一刻钟,hour 小时,day 天,week 周,month 月,year 年century 世纪,morning早晨,noon中午,afternoon 下午night傍晚,midnight深夜星期：Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期天1—100：onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentytwenty-one twenty-twotwenty-thre etwenty-four twenty-five twenty-sixtwenty-seve ntwenty-eighttwenty-nine thirty thirty-one thirty-two thirty-three thirty-four thirty-fivethirty-seven thirty-eight thirty-nine fortyforty-one forty-two forty-three forty-four forty-five forty-six forty-seven forty-eight forty-nine fiftyfifty-one fifty-two fifty-three fifty-four fifty-five fifty-sixfifty-eight fifty-nine sixtysixty-one sixty-two sixty-three sixty-four sixty-five sixty-six sixty-seven sixty-eight sixty-nine seventyseventy-oneseventy-twoseventy-thre eseventy-fourseventy-five seventy-sixseventy-sev enseventy-eigh tseventy-nine eighty eighty-one eighty-twoeighty-three eighty-four eighty-five eighty-sixeighty-seveneighty-eighteighty-nineninetyninety-oneninety-twoninety-threeninety-fourninety-fiveninety-sixninety-sevenninety-eightninety-nineonehundred一月至十二月:January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August -September - October - November - December春夏秋冬:spring, summer, fall, winter时间：second 秒,minute分,quarter一刻钟,hour 小时,day 天,week 周,month 月,year 年century 世纪,morning早晨,noon中午,afternoon 下午night傍晚,midnight深夜星期：Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期天1—100：onetwothreefourfivesixseven eightnineten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-twotwenty-thre etwenty-four twenty-five twenty-sixtwenty-seve ntwenty-eighttwenty-nine thirty thirty-one thirty-two thirty-three thirty-four thirty-five thirty-sixthirty-seventhirty-eight thirty-nine fortyforty-one forty-two forty-three forty-four forty-five forty-six forty-seven forty-eight forty-nine fiftyfifty-one fifty-two fifty-three fifty-four fifty-five fifty-six fifty-seven fifty-eight fifty-ninesixtysixty-one sixty-two sixty-three sixty-four sixty-five sixty-six sixty-seven sixty-eight sixty-nine seventyseventy-oneseventy-twoseventy-thre eseventy-fourseventy-fiveseventy-sixseventy-sev enseventy-eigh tseventy-nine eighty eighty-one eighty-twoeighty-three eighty-four eighty-five eighty-sixeighty-seveneighty-eight eighty-nineninety ninety-one ninety-twoninety-three ninety-four ninety-five ninety-sixninety-sevenninety-eight ninety-nine one hundred。