上海市宝山区2013-2014学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测物理试题word版含答案
2021年上海市高一物理下学期期末试卷含答案(共5套)
高一年级第二学期物理期终试卷g=1m/s 2一.单项选择题(共12分,每小题2分)1.关于两个做匀速圆周运动的质点,正确的说法是()(A )角速度大的线速度一定大(B )角速度相等,线速度一定也相等(C )半径大的线速度一定大(D )周期相等,角速度一定相等2、一个做机械振动的物体,由平衡位置向最大位移处运动时,下列说法正确的是()(A )物体的位移逐渐变大(B )物体的速度逐渐变大(C )物体的回复力逐渐变小(D )物体的周期逐渐变小3、物体从某一高处自由落下,在下落过程中重力做功的功率()(A) 恒定不变 (B) 越来越大 (C) 越来越小 (D) 先变小,后变大4、如图所示,物体m 沿不同的路径Ⅰ和Ⅱ从A 滑到B ,关于重力所做的功,下列说法正确的是()(A) 沿路径Ⅰ和Ⅱ重力做功一样大(B) 沿路径Ⅱ重力做功较大(C) 沿路径Ⅰ重力做功较大 (D) 条件不足不能判断5、如图所示,呈水平状态的弹性绳,右端在竖直方向上做周期为.4s 的振动,设t =时右端开始向上振动[图(a )],则在t =.5s 时刻绳上的波形可能是图(b )中的()。
6、如图所示,一个质量为m 的小球,用长为L 的轻绳悬挂于天花板上的O点,小球在水平拉力F 作用下,从平衡位置P 很慢地移动到Q 点,则在此过程中力F 所做的功为(提示:F 是变力) ()A.mgLcosθ.B.mgL(1-cosθ).C.FLsinθ.D.FL(1-cosθ) 7、下列数据中可以算出阿伏伽德罗常数的一组数据是()(A)水的密度和水的摩尔质量 (B)水的摩尔质量和水分子的体积A Bθ(C)水分子的体积和水分子的质量(D)水分子的质量和水的摩尔质量8、关于气体的体积,下列说法中正确的是(A) 气体的体积与气体的质量成正比(B) 气体的体积与气体的密度成反比(C) 气体的体积就是所有气体分子体积的总和(D) 气体的体积是指气体分子所能达到的空间9.汽车在平直公路上行驶时,在一段时间内,发动机以恒定功率工作,则图中各v-t图象,能正确反映汽车运动情况的是()(A)①和②。
2014高考真题物理(上海卷)
2014高考真题物理(上海卷)下列电磁波中,波长最长的是(A)无线电波(B)红外线(C)紫外线(D)射线【答案解析】A题中电磁波按照波长由长到短的顺序,依次是:无线电波、红外线、紫外线、γ射线,故选A。
【考点】电磁波谱核反应方程中的X表示(A)质子(B)电子(C)光子(D)中子【答案解析】D核反应同时遵循质量数和电荷数守恒,根据质量数守恒,可知X的质量数是1,电荷数是0,所以该粒子是中子,D项正确。
【考点】核反应不能用卢瑟福原子核式结构模型得出的结论是(A)原子中心有一个很小的原子核(B)原子核是由质子和中子组成的(C)原子质量几乎全部集中在原子核内(D)原子的正电荷全部集中在原子核内【答案解析】B卢瑟福通过α散射实验,发现绝大多数粒子发生了偏转,少数发发生了大角度的偏转,极少数反向运动,说明原子几乎全部质量集中在核内;且和α粒子具有斥力,所以正电荷集中在核内;因为只有极少数反向运动,说明原子核很小;并不能说明原子核是由质子和中子组成的,B项正确。
【考点】α散射实验、核式结构模型分子间同时存在着引力和斥力,当分子间距增加时,分子间的(A)引力增加,斥力减小(B)引力增加,斥力增加(C)引力减小,斥力减小(D)引力减小.斥力增加【答案解析】C根据分子动理论可知,物质是由大量分子组成的;组成物质的分子在永不停息的做着无规则的热运动;分子间同时存在相互作用的引力和斥力。
随分子间距的增大斥力和引力均变小,只是斥力变化的更快一些,C项正确。
【考点】分子动理论链式反应中,重核裂变时放出的可以使裂变不断进行下去的粒子是(A)质子(B)中子(C)粒子(D)粒子【答案解析】B重核的裂变需要中子的轰击,在链式反应中,不断放出高速的中子使裂变可以不断进行下去,B项正确。
【考点】核反应、裂变在光电效应的实验结果中,与光的波动理论不矛盾的是(A)光电效应是瞬时发生的(B)所有金属都存在极限颇率(C)光电流随着入射光增强而变大(D)入射光频率越大,光电子最大初动能越大【答案解析】C光具有波粒二象性,即既具有波动性又具有粒子性,光电效应证实了光的粒子性。
XXX2013-2014学年高一下学期期末测试物理试题Word版含答案
XXX2013-2014学年高一下学期期末测试物理试题Word版含答案XXX2013学年第二学期期末测试卷高一物理注意:1.本卷g=9.8m/s2.2.考试时间90min,满分100分。
一.单项选择题1(每题只有一个正确选项,多选不选均不得分2×6=16分)1.在物理学理论建立的过程中,有许多伟大的科学家做出了贡献。
关于科学家和他们的贡献,下列说法正确的是()(A.英国科学家XXX发现了气体的压强与温度的关系,称为玻意耳定律(B)法国科学家XXX直接发现了在任何情况下理想气体的压强与热力学温度成正比(C)XXX发现了单摆的周期公式(D)英国植物学家XXX在观察花粉运动时发现了分子无规则运动2.下列物理量中,不属于国际单位制基本单位的是()(A)质量单位kg(B)热力学温度单位K(C)力的单位N(D)物质的量单位mol3.质点作简谐运动,下列各物理量中变化周期是质点振动周期一半的是()(A)位移(B)回复力(C)加速度(D)动能4.关于机械波的下列说法,错误的是:()(A)机器振动在介质中传播就形成机器波(B)简谐波的频率等于其波源的振动频率(C)机械波的传播过程也是振动能量的传播过程(D)机械波传播时,介质质点随波一起向前移动5.如图2所示,弹簧振子在C、B间做简谐运动,O点为其平衡位置,则()(A)振子在由C点运动到O点的过程中,回复力逐渐增大(B)振子在由O点运动到B点的过程中,速率不断增加(C)振子在由O点运动到B点的过程中,加速率速率不断减小(D)振子通过平衡位置O点时,动能最大、势能最小6.上面是某同砚对份子间作用力的研讨,根据你所学的常识阐发精确的是()(A)份子力一定随份子间间隔的增大而增大(B)分子力一定随分子间距离的增大而减小(C)当分子力表现为斥力时,减小分子间的距离分子力做正功(D)引力和斥力都随份子间间隔的增大而减小单项挑选题2(每题只要一个精确选项,多选不选均不得分3×6=18分)7.质量为的小孩从高度为的滑梯顶端由静止开始滑下,滑到底端时的速度为。
2024年上海市宝山区中考一模物理试卷(解析版)
8.重为5牛的金属球挂在弹簧测力计下并将其浸没在水中,此时测力计的示数为2牛,则金属球受到的浮力大小为_______牛,方向_______。阿基米德原理_______(选填“适用”或“不适用”)空气中的物体受到浮力的问题。
【答案】见解析
【解析】
【详解】由图知道,闭合开关,两定值电阻串联,电压表V测量R2两端的电压,已知工作一段时间后,电压表的示数变大,则电压表测量的是电源电压,此时的故障可能为R2断路或R1短路。若电流表有示数,说明电路为通路,电压表有示数,说明电压表测量电源两端电压,因此电路故障是R1短路;若电流表有无数,说明电路为断路,电压表有示数,说明电压表测量电源两端电压,即电压表的正负接线柱与电源两极相连,因此电路故障是R2断路。
故选D。
6.如图所示电路,电源电压保持不变,两只规格相同的滑动变阻器 和 的滑片均位于中点处,闭合开关S,在保证电路安全的情况下,将 的滑片P向左移动,将 的滑片P向右移动,则电流表的示数()
A.一定不变B.可能不变C.一定增大D.一定减小
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】根据电路图可知,两个滑动变阻器并联接入电路中,电流表测量干路中的电流;闭合开关S,在保证电路安全的情况下,将R1的滑片P向左移动,滑动变阻器R1接入电路中的电阻变小,根据欧姆定律可知,通过R1的电流I1变大;将R2的滑片P向右移动,滑动变阻器R2接入电路中的电阻变大,根据欧姆定律可知,通过R2的电流I2变小;干路中的电流为:I=I1+I2;由于不知道每个支路的电路的数值变化的大小,所以干路中的电流可能变大,可能变小,也可能不变,故ACD错误,不符合题意,B正确,符合题意。
上海市宝山区2014届高三英语上学期期末考试试题(上海市宝山一模)上海牛津版
宝山区2013学年第一学期期末高三年级英语学科质量监测试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1—10页)和第Ⅱ卷(第10页),全卷共10页。
第I卷第1-16小题、第41-77小题采用多项选择题形式,答案必须涂写在答题纸相应位置,写在试卷上无效。
第I卷第17-40小题、第78-81小题和第II卷的试题,其答案必须写在答题纸相应位置,写在试卷上无效。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号,并用铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写准考证号。
第I卷(共103分)Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.2. A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Doctor and nurse.3. A. At a science exhibition. B. Near an art museum.C. At a news conference.D. Near a paint store.4. A. Lock the door carefully. B. Open the door.C. Fix the lock himself.D. Call a repairman.5. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.6. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course.C. An evening course.D. Their work.7. A. She will not take any medicine.B. She hasn’t got a bad cold.C. She will take some medicine in a week.D. She will take some medicine at once.8. A. The woman is planning a trip to Austin.B. The woman hasn’t been to Austin before.C. The woman doesn’t like Austin.D. The woman has been to Austin before.9. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B. It was not as easy as she had expected.C. It was as difficult as she had expected.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.10. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice.C. She felt it took less time.D. She thought it was expensive.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. D. On Friday.12. A. There will be only multiple-choice questions.B. The exam will be both multiple-choice and essay questions.C. The exam will have an oral and a written section.D. There will be only essay questions.13. A. It will be easy to pass the exam.B. Students will be tested on all the material discussed in the class.C. The exam will cover topics from a variety of academic fields.D. Students must complete all parts of the exam.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It helps reduce the cost for airlines.B. It is much cheaper for air travelers.C. It can use the computer to plan air travelling.D. It helps prevent passengers from losing their tickets.15. A. $60. B. $50. C. $70. D. $99.16. A. To attract travelers to take e-ticket flights.B. To punish those insisting on using paper tickets.C. To do much better than other airlines.D. To pay for the work to deal with lost tickets.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure (25) school with my classmates. We did not appreciate our teachers for their hard work. We only (26) (know) that we got a lot of homework.After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore (27) we knew that our teachers worked (28) (hard) than we did. We had no right to complain. Sometimes, we said, ―I didn’t go to bed until 12:00 o’clock last night. Now I just want to sleep.‖ Our teacher would answer us, ―I go to bed at 1:00 a.m. every day.‖ Since we knew how hard teachers work, we started to appreciate them. To give our thanks, we wrote a big card to the teachers (29) it was teachers’ day. When they got our card, they (30) (touch) because their students finally knew the teachers’ effort.After giving the card, I realized (31) powerful the sentence ―thank you‖ is. When we give our thanks to somebody, the world is full of love. I say ―thank you‖ to my friends, family, classmates, teachers, and even strangers. I like to see the smiles on their faces, so (32) (say) ―thank you‖ every day is the way I make the world a better place.( B )The year before last, a new superhero landed on Earth to live among humans. When people needed help, Thor became their defender and saved (33) world. People loved Thor and the actor who played him — Chris Hemsworth.Hemsworth was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1983. His family moved between Melbourne and the Northern Territory. In the Northern Territory, Hemsworth’s parents worked on a cattle station. The work required the family (34) (live) two hours from the nearest big city. Since they had no TV, Hemsworth and his brothers learned to entertain (35) . They played outside, (36) (build) weapons and forts (堡垒). Later the family settled on Philip’s Island south of Melbourne (37) Hemsworth enjoyed surfing.In 2012, Hemsworth played Thor again in the film The Avengers. He was one of a group of superheroes (38) (assemble) to save planet Earth. That film earned $1 billion worldwide in just 19 days! He also starred in (39) is called Snow White and the Huntsman. Audiences (40) ____ seem to get enough of him! A second Thor film, Thor 2, is due out in 2013.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The next time you’re riding a subway or bus, pay attention to your fellow passengers. Chances are you’ll see plenty of them with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or41 on their smartphones. While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying42 , their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience.As hand-held devices such as smartphones and tablets are becoming more common, users are reporting some new 43 problems. Florida chiropractor (脊椎按摩师) Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of his patients 44 of neck and shoulder pain. He traced these 45 to the overuse of hand-held devices, specifically the action of bending the neck, and created the term ―Text Neck.‖ As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to 46 spinal (脊柱的) damage. He founded the Text Neck Institute in an effort to treat and educate those suffering from Text Neck. Treatments offered there include chiropractic care, physical therapy, massage therapy and exercise planning.In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck, use the following basic principles:●Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain (滥用) your neck, and stay aware of how your bodyis 47 in relation to the device.●Take frequent 48 when using any kind of mobile device.●When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable 49 angle.For those who 50 can’t take th eir eyes off their devices, there is an ironic twist –downloading a special app(应用程序)could help. Dr. Fishman has released an app called the Text Neck Indicator App, which measures the angle of your smartpphone. When the angle is appropriate, a green light appears in the upper corner of your screen. But when the angle puts you at risk for neck strain, the light turns red, obliging you to adjust your angle.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More and more shoppers are buying things online these days, allowing them to avoid 51 salespeople and long lines at checkout counters. In spite of online convenience, 52 , there are some items — like clothes — that customers prefer to 53 before buying. In light of this, two companies are finding ways to modernize stores and 54 the gap between online and in-store retail (零售).A software company that also happens to sell designer jeans, Hointer has created a fast and painless shopping 55 for its customers.Shoppers walk into a Hointer store and select one of the many pairs of jeans 56 down from bars. Then they point their smartphones at the tag and 57 the Hointer app, after which they select the size and press ―try on.‖ The app then directs them to a specific dressing room.German-made robots bring out the 58 jeans and deliver them through a chute (斜槽) to the dressing room in about 30 seconds. Immediately after 59 pairs of jeans are dropped through another chute, the ―outbox,‖ they disappear from the list in the app.Purchases at Hointer are made with a swipe (刷卡) of a credit card. And interacting with a salesperson is optional! This allows Hointer to hire fewer people and focus on their ultimate goal: developing 60 that supports a retail revolution.Men’s clothing retailer Bonobos has 61 a more personalized shopping experience. Although it is —in fact —an online retailer, Bonobos has decided to open a handful of brick-and-mortar stores called Guideshops. Shoppers make a(n) 62 online before arriving at a Guideshop, where they receive one-on-one 63 from a fitting guide. Because these shops have limited inventories(存货), shoppers aren’t able to take home the outfits they select. But guides help shoppers make online purchases before they leave, after which the items will be 64 to customers in one or two days.While Hointer focuses on convenience, Bonobos Guideshops focus on customer service. But both efforts have one thing 65 : giving clothing retailers a new look for the 21st century.51. A. respectable B. considerate C. aggressive D. violent52. A. however B. therefore C. anyway D. moreover53. A. convince B. guarantee C. ensure D. examine54. A. break B. bridge C. shallow D. deepen55. A. experience B. mall C. direction D. principle56. A. hiding B. hanging C. storing D. labeling57. A. start B. upload C. save D. download58. A. desired B. well-designed C. promoted D. well-prepared59. A. qualified B. wanted C. chosen D. unwanted60. A. employment B. efficiency C. technology D. market61. A. come up with B. looked forward to C. looked up D. brought up62. A. decision B. appointment C. contribution D. impression63. A. contact B. instruction C. notice D. attention64. A. presented B. packaged C. delivered D. transferred65. A. in conclusion B. in common C. as usual D. in generalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Any snakebite can be dangerous if infection sets in. Some types of snake poison make the bite area swollen (肿胀的) or painful. Others cause bleeding or damage the heart’s nerves. Here are some especially dangerous snakes:The largest of all poisonous snakes, king cobras can reach 5.5 meters in length. Each king cobra bite contains enough poison to kill an elephant — or 20 people. But these big snakes usually avoid people. They live throughout India, southern China and Southeast Asia.A bite from Australia’s inland taipan, the world’s most poisonous snake, releases enough poison to kill 100 men. The good news is that people rarely come in contact with this snake, and atreatment for its poison exists.Russell’s viper lives throughout Asia, including India, southern China, and on the island of Taiwan. It prefers grassy fields but can be found in forests and urban areas. It bites more people and causes more deaths than any other poisonous snake.Though short, the common Indian krait packs a powerful punch (攻击) in its bite. Most often, it strikes people at night while they are sleeping. Since the bite causes little pain, victims are often not sure that they have been bitten until they begin to experience stomach cramps (痉挛). Without treatment, symptoms will worsen quickly and can lead to death.The black mamba, a native of Africa, is actually olive or grey in color. Only the inside of its mouth is black. When black mambas feel threatened by a human, they make a loud hissing sound to warn the person away. If the warning is ignored, the snake will attack the person repeatedly. And they can attack quickly, moving over the ground at speeds of up to 20 kilometers per hour.66. According to this article, what is a particular feature of the king cobra?A. Its seasonal changes.B. Its lack of movement.C. Its sense of hearing.D. Its remarkable size.67. According to this article, which of the following is known for its speed?A. The inland taipan.B. The black mamba.C. The Indian krait.D. The Russell’s viper.68. What does the article imply about the inland taipan?A. It was once believed to be extinct.B. A chance meeting with it could be fatal.C. Some people keep one as a pet.D. Very little is known about its behavior.69. In which magazine would you most likely find this article?A. Let’s Explore NatureB. Weekly Travel DigestC. Psychology MagazineD. Global Warning News(B)Basketball, baseball and soccer are classic sports that people will always enjoy. And yet we keep changing popular games like these in new ways to keep them fresh.This game is played in swimming pools withtwo teams of six players. Each player hasflippers (蛙鞋), a snorkel and a stick used forhitting a puck (圆盘). Each team earns pointsby hitting the puck into its underwater goal.Other team members must be ready to takethe puck when a team member goes up forair. That makes underwater hockey a trueteam sport.ChessboxingA sport can also be revised by mixing it withanother game. In chessboxing, two playerscompete on the chess board and in the ring.Though these sports may not be common, give them a look or even a try. 70. Why does the author think Underwater Hockey is a true team sport?A. Because all players in a team wear the same flippers and use a stick to hit a puck.B. Because each player in a team has to cooperate with other team members in the match.C. Because it is played underwater, the game is more dangerous than the sports played on land.D. Because each team earns points by hitting the puck into its underwater goal.71. In Chessboxing, the winner will be the one who _____.A. wins both in chess and in boxingB. defeats his opponent in chessC. wins in chess or in boxingD. can knock his opponent out of the boxing ringCycleballAnother fun game to watch, cycleball is likeindoor soccer on wheels. Each player rides aspecial bike designed for the game. Likesoccer, a team must put the ball in a goal.However, there is a catch . The ball can onlybe touched wit h the bikes’ wheels or theplayers’ heads. This game requires a lot ofpractice to learn the skills needed.BossaballThis exciting sport is part volleyball and partsoccer. But unlike both of those sports,players jump up and down throughout thegame. T hat’s because it’s played on aninflatable (可充气的) volleyball court with atrampoline on either side of the net. Oneplayer bounce on the trampoline while up tofour others stand around it. A team can touchthe ball six times before sending it backacross the net. Each player may touch theball once with arms or twice with other bodyparts.72. According to the article, at most how many players in all can take part in a Bossaball match?A. 4.B. 6.C. 8.D. 10.73. In Cycleball, the author mentions catch, whose meaning may be _____.A. sportB. skillC. ruleD. practice( C )Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls(民意调查), sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable, nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunities to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those who have good relationship with other family members are happier than those who live alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factors.It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods, but are not necessarily happier adults.The best formula (准则) for happiness is to be able to develop AQ (Adversity Quotient that can be of great benefit when running into trouble), to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.74. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. happiness is neither predictable nor apparentB. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happyC. the rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income groupD. happiness is not necessarily connected to one’s situation in society75. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon _____.A. a happy childhood in which one can do whatever he likesB. great wealth with which one can buy anythingC. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the betterD. a college degree that can help one achieve great success76. The letters AQ in the last paragraph most probably mean _____.A. ambition to defeat others in a severe competitionB. ability to overcome difficulty and get out of embarrassing situationC. methods of solving difficult problems and challenges in lifeD. attitudes towards severe competition especially in trouble77. The best title of this passage may be _____.A. What Does Happiness Consist inB. Happiness and UnhappinessC. Different Kinds of HappinessD. Causes of Happiness and UnhappinessSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Millions of personal computers across the world are running at this moment, but most are using just a fraction of their full capacity to process information. Imagine what could happen if the spare power of these millions of machines were used to solve global problems.The organization Charity Engine attempts to do just that. It enables researchers and companies to use the extra computing power of thousands of personal computers. These companies pay a usage fee that goes to carefully selected charities.The computersCharity Engine offers a free app that has the user’s computer do research as a background task. The program runs automatically, without direction from the user. Each computer works on a small chunk of a larger project and sends back its results. The results are combined to answer the researchers’ questions.The researchersCharity Engine mostly uses its computing power for companies doing scientific, medical or commercial research. For example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures for serious diseases by discovering the shapes of proteins. Another project, Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories. And another helps establishments in Africa such as universities search for ways to fight the spread of malaria.The CharitiesCharity Engine gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out computing power to various charities. Each organization it supports has a good reputation for working in an area of vital importance. Most of them seek to address the primary causes of poverty while bringing short-term relief. These include Oxfam, a network of organizations in 94 countries. Another is CARE International, one of the three largest international aid agencies, which works in 87 countries. Charity Engine also supports Doctors Without Borders, which supplies medical care, and WaterAid, which provides safe water and promotes hygiene(卫生) in developing countries. Another of its charities, Sightsavers, works to prevent and reverse blindness through medical treatments and provides training for the blind. Charity Engine helps many other organizations as well.An added bonusCharity Engine returns the other 50 percent of its earnings to the people who made it all possible. The app users are entered into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive thousands of dollars in prizes!Thanks to Charity Engine, computing power that would have gone to waste is fighting poverty and bringing healing and hope.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does Charity Engine help companies do?___________________________________________________________________________.79. How does Charity Engine spend its earnings?___________________________________________________________________________.80. The computers selected by Charity Engine help researchers and companies through ________.81. According to the passage, besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly supports _____.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 部长的回答令所有在场的记者都很满意。
上海市宝山区吴淞中学2013-2014学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题 Word版含答案
一.填空题(本大题满分48分)本大题共有12题,只要求直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分. 1.已知集合⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧∈-∈=N x N x A 68|,则用列举法表示集合A =_____{}54,2,_________ .2.已知{1,3,}A m =-,{3,4}B =,若B A ⊆,则实数m = 4 . 3.已知{}(,)2M x y x y =+=,{}N=(,)4x y x y -=,则M N={})1,3(- .4.“2a >且2b >”是“4a b +>且4ab >”的 充分非必要 条件. 5.已知集合{}|1A x x =≤,{}|B x x a =≥,且A B R = ,则实数a 的取值范围是 .1≤a6.若1x >,10y -<<,则x ,y ,x -,y -,xy -从小到大的排列关系是 .x xy y y x <-<-<<-7.如果一个分式不等式的解集是(1,2],这个分式不等式可以是 .012≤--x x 8.不等式ax 2+bx +c <0的解集是{x │x <-3或x >2},则不等式cx 2+bx +a >0的解集是 . ⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧>-<2131|x x x 或 9.若0,0,0a b m n >>>>,则b a , a b , ma mb ++, n b n a ++按由小到大的顺序排列为 .ab<m a m b ++<n b n a ++<ba10.设全集{}(,),U x y x y R =∈,集合2(,)12y M x y x ⎧+⎫==⎨⎬-⎩⎭,{}(,)4N x y y x =≠-,那么()()U U C M C N 等于 .{})2,2(-11.若不等式21--+x x >a 在R x ∈上有解,则a 的取值范围是 . 3<a12.关于x 的不等式250ax x a -<-的解集是M ,若3,5M M ∈∉,则实数a 的取值范围是 .⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧≤<<≤259351|a a x 或二.选择题(本大题满分12分)本大题共有4题,每题都给出代号为A 、B 、C 、D 的四个结论,其中有且只有一个是正确的.必须用2B 铅笔将正确结论的代号涂黑,选对得3分,不选、选错或者选出的代号超过一个,一律得零分.13.命题“若a b >,则11a b ->-”的否命题是( C ).A 若a b <,则11a b -<- .B 若a b <,则11a b -≤- .C 若a b ≤,则11a b -≤- .D 若a b ≤,则11a b -≥- 14.已知,,a b c 满足c b a <<,且ac <0,那么下列选项中不一定成立的是 ( C ).A ab ac > .B 0)(>-a b c .C cb ab 22< .D 0)(<-c a ac15.集合P 具有性质“若P x ∈,则P x∈1”,就称集合P 是伙伴关系的集合,集合⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧-=4,3,2,1,21,31,0,1A 的所有非空子集中具有伙伴关系的集合的个数为( B ).A 3 .B 7 .C 15 .D 3116.设{|10}P m m =-<<,{}恒成立对任意实数x mx mx m Q 044|2<-+=,则下列关系中成立的是( A ) .A P ⊂≠Q .B Q ⊂≠P .C P Q = .D P Q =∅三.解答题(本大题满分40分)本大题共有4题,解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤,答题务必写在黑色矩形边框内.17.设{}24,21,A a a =--,{}9,5,1B a a =--,已知{}9A B = ,求A B3-=a ,{}4,8,9,7,4---=⋃B A18.设222{40},{2(1)10}A x x x B x x a x a =+==+++-=,其中x R ∈,如果A B B =,求实数a 的取值范围。
2013-2014学年高一上学期期末考试物理试题
2013—2014学年度第一学期期末考试高一物理试题2014.01注意事项:1.本试卷分为Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷两部分。
第Ⅰ卷为选择题,第Ⅱ卷为非选择题,考试时间为90分钟,满分100分。
2.把第I卷选出的答案标号涂在答题卡内第I卷(选择题共40分)一、选择题(每小题4分,共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个选项正确,全对4分,漏选得2分,错选得0分)1、下列各组物理量均为矢量的是()A.位移、时间B.速度、速率C.力、平均速度D.速度变化量、加速度2.做匀加速直线运动的质点,依次经过A、B、C三点时速度大小分别是v、2v和4v,已知AB 之间距离是s,则BC之间距离是()A. 16sB. 12sC. 4sD. 3s3、2013年6月11日,我国“神舟十号”飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。
下列有关“神舟十号”飞船的说法中正确的是()A.“神舟十号”飞船2013年6月11日晚17时38分02秒发射升空,其中17时38分02秒指的是时刻B.地面控制人员检测飞船在高空的运行位置时可以将飞船看做质点C.假设“神舟十号”绕地球运行的轨道是半径为R的圆形轨道,则飞船绕地球一周,位移最大 2是2R,路程最大是RD.“神舟十号”飞船发射后加速上升阶段,飞船的重力变大。
4、下列各组力作用在物体上,可使物体处于平衡状态的是()A.1N 、3N、5NB.6N 、6N、6NC.2N 、3N、7ND.2N 、8N、9N5、如图所示,水平力F把一个物体紧压在竖直的墙壁上静止不动,下列说法中正确的是A.墙壁对物体的压力是由于墙壁形变而产生B.物体受到的重力跟墙壁对物体的静摩擦力是一对平衡力C.作用力F与物体对墙壁的压力是一对作用力与反作用力D.物体对墙壁的压力与墙壁对物体的压力是一对作用力与反作用力6、图为蹦极运动的示意图。
弹性绳的一端固定在O 点,另一端和运动员相连。
运动员从O 点自由下落,至B 点弹性绳自然伸直,经过合力为零的C 点到达最低点D ,然后弹起。
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期期末(一模)全真演练物理试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期期末(一模)全真演练物理试题一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题在人类技术不断升级进步的过程中,很多物理学家做出了不可磨灭的贡献,下列说法正确的是( )A.牛顿发现了万有引力定律,并和卡文迪什一起精确测量了万有引力常数B.德国物理学家安培提出著名的分子电流假说,该理论能解释全部磁现象C.英国物理学法拉第发现了让磁生电和电生磁的规律,即法拉第电磁感应定律D.德国物理学赫兹通过实验首先捕捉到电磁波,证实麦克斯韦关于光的电磁理论第(2)题一定质量的理想气体,不同温度下的等温线是不同的,下图是一定质量的气体在和温度下的等温线。
下列说法正确的是( )A.气体在A状态的温度小于C状态的温度B.气体如果从状态A到状态C,一定放出热量C.气体由状态A沿线变化到状态B的过程中,内能减小D.气体由状态A沿线变化到状态B的过程中,分子平均距离减小第(3)题如图,光滑平行金属导轨固定在水平面上,左端由导线相连,导体棒垂直静置于导轨上构成回路。
在外力F作用下,回路上方的条形磁铁竖直向上做匀速运动。
在匀速运动过程中外力F做功W F,磁场力对导体棒做功W1,磁铁克服磁场力做功W2,重力对磁铁做功W G,回路中产生的焦耳热为Q,导体棒获得的动能为E k。
则( )A.W1=0B.W2−W1=QC.W1=E k+Q D.W F+W G=Q第(4)题应用物理知识分析生活中的常见现象,可以使物理学习更加有趣和深入。
例如你用手掌平托一苹果,保持这样的姿势在竖直平面内按顺时针方向做匀速圆周运动。
在苹果从最低点a到最左侧点b运动的过程,下列说法中正确的是( )A.手掌对苹果的摩擦力越来越小B.手掌对苹果的支持力越来越大C.手掌对苹果的作用力越来越小D.因为苹果的动量大小不变,所以合外力对苹果的冲量为零第(5)题热成像仪能够对公共场所往来的人流进行高效的体温筛查,这主要是利用了人体所放出的( )A.微波B.红外线C.可见光D.紫外线第(6)题如图所示,倾角为20°的足够长的质量为M的斜面体B静止在水平地面上,质量为m的滑块A以一定的初速度沿斜面向下滑动,t=0时刻对A施加一沿斜面向下的作用力F,使A沿斜面向下做匀速直线运动。
2024届上海市宝山区高三下学期等级考质量监测(二模)高效提分物理试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三下学期等级考质量监测(二模)高效提分物理试题一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题嘉兴黄老师在新冠疫情期间上网课时使用手机支架(有手机)。
支架从图(a)调整为图(b)状态后,下列说法正确的是( )。
A.图a中,手机仅受2个作用力B.图b中,支架对手机作用力大于手机重力C.调整前后,支架对手机作用力大小发生变化D.调整前后,支架对手机的作用力,无论大小、方向均未发生变化第(2)题如图是巴山大峡谷罗盘顶滑雪项目滑道简化示意图。
长直助滑道AB与水平起跳平台BC连接,着陆坡足够长。
可视为质点的运动员(含滑板)沿AB滑下,经过一段时间从C点沿水平方向飞出,最后落在着陆坡上的D点,E点离着陆坡CD最远。
在不考虑空气阻力情况下,下列说法正确的是()A.运动员在助滑道上受重力、支持力、摩擦力和下滑力作用B.轨迹CE和ED在竖直方向的投影长度之比为1:3C.E点到着陆坡距离与离开C点时的速率成正比D.运动员在空中的飞行时间与离开C点时的速率平方成正比第(3)题氢原子的能级图如图甲所示,一群处于能级的氢原子,用其向低能级跃迁过程中发出的光照射图乙电路中的阴极K,其中只有a、b两种频率的光能使之发生光电效应。
分别用这两种频率的光照射阴极K,测得图乙中电流表随电压表读数变化的图像如图丙所示。
下列说法正确的是( )A.题中的氢原子跃迁共能发出3种不同频率的光子B.a光是从能级向能级跃迁产生的C.a光的波长大于b光的波长D.b光照射阴极K时逸出的光电子的最大初动能比a光照射时的小第(4)题原子物理学的发展使人们不断认识了微观世界的复杂结构,下列关于物质结构的认识正确的是( )A.β衰变放出的电子来源于原子的内层电子B.原子的内层电子由激发态回到基态时能放出γ射线C.卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验表明原子的质量几乎全部集中在一个很小的核上D.发生核反应时,核子的比结合能一定增大第(5)题2017年年初,我国研制的“大连光源”——极紫外自由电子激光装置,发出了波长在100nm(1nm=10–9m)附近连续可调的世界上最强的极紫外激光脉冲。
上海市宝山区2013-2014学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测语文试题Word版含答案
宝山区2013学年第二学期期末教学质量监控测试高一语文试卷考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题和答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
4.答题时间120分钟。
试题满分100分。
一阅读 60分(一)阅读下文,完成1—5题。
(11分)中国传统文明与近代海派文明①这些年来,种种关于“老上海”的研究、小说、照片大为兴盛,其深层的思想底蕴,在于人们注意到了近代海派文明不应当只是封存于档案馆和博物馆的片断,而要与上海文明形态的当代建构相衔接。
这是必要的,因为在一定的意义上,今天上海的文明形态和清末以来逐渐形成的近代海派文明有着历史的连贯性。
但当代上海文明形态的建构,如果只考虑与近代海派文明的衔接,将是有严重缺陷的。
近代海派文明虽是在西方文化、本土传统文化和五四新文化的交互作用下生成的,但其主要形态则以西方近代工业文明为价值导向,所谓“十里洋场”就是这种文明形态的形象写照。
“洋派”是近代海派文明的重要含义。
②改革开放以来,从1980年代的“重振大上海的雄风”到如今的实现“四个率先”,实际上就是追逐“上海梦...”。
但是,如果..上海梦仅仅用近代海派文明作为支持当代上海文明形态建构的历史资源,那么..当代上海的文明形态就会缺乏中国传统文明的民族底蕴,成为西方现代文明的大卖场,重蹈西方现代社会的文明危机。
这显然与中华文明的复兴不协调。
以区域文明而言,上海原本就比较稀薄的传统文明积淀,在近代海派文明的冲击下,较早受到瓦解,如今在现代化快速行进中,则留存无几,而现代文明衍生的种种不和谐正日益突出。
③中华文明的复兴,从文明的历史传统来说,儒家礼乐文明是最主要的源头。
就一般意义而言,儒家认为礼和乐的社会功能是“乐统同,礼辨异”(《礼记〃乐记》)。
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理高频考点试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理高频考点试题一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题地磁场能抵御宇宙射线的侵入。
赤道剖面的地磁场可简化为厚度为地球半径的的匀强磁场,方向如图所示。
从点射入、、三个同种带电粒子,运动轨迹如图,其中、入射方向与磁场边界相切于点。
不计粒子重力和粒子间的相互作用,且、、都恰好不能到达地面,则()A.粒子带负电,、粒子带正电B.、粒子入射速度大小之比C.从运动至与地面相切,粒子的运动时间小于粒子的运动时间D.若粒子速率不变,在图示平面内只改变粒子射入的速度方向,粒子可能到达地面第(2)题如图甲,两列沿相反方向传播的横波,形状相当于正弦曲线的一半,上下对称,其振幅均为A,传播速度均为v。
时刻两列波刚好相遇,一段时间后在ab间出现了两列波“消失”的现象,如图乙所示,a、b间距为L,c为ab的中点。
则( )A.相遇过程中c点的位移始终为0B.时,a质点的速度最大C.时,b质点的加速度向上且达到最大D.时,a、b间距为10L第(3)题在某星球表面给物体(可视为质点)一个竖直向上的初速度v,物体的初速度的平方v²与上升的最大高度h的关系图像如图所示,OA为图像在O点的切线,AB为图像的渐近线。
已知该星球的半径为R,引力常量为G,不计空气阻力,则下列说法正确的是( )A.该星球的第一宇宙速度为B.该星球表面的重力加速度为C.该星球的质量为D.从距该星球表面高度为R处的物体自由落体的时间为第(4)题下列物理量中属于矢量的是()A.动能B.向心加速度C.机械能D.周期第(5)题滑雪是受人欢迎的游玩项目。
如图所示,一位质量为的滑雪爱好者从海拔的雪道起点沿着长为的雪道进行滑雪训练,后到达海拔为雪道终点,重力加速度g取,则在此过程中滑雪爱好者()A.位移大小为B.平均速度大小为C.重力做功为D.重力做功的平均功率为第(6)题如图所示,理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比为2:1,发电机(内阻不计)提供电压为的交流电,副线圈回路中接有理想二极管和电阻。
2024届上海市宝山区高三下学期二模物理试卷
2024届上海市宝山区高三下学期二模物理试卷一、单选题:本题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分 (共7题)第(1)题一只虫子在半径为R的半球型碗内壁沿壁缓慢上爬,若此虫子与碗壁间的最大静摩擦力的大小为虫子所受重力的倍,则此虫子可沿碗壁上爬至距碗底的最大高度为( )A.R B.C.D.第(2)题如图所示,带电荷量为的球1固定在倾角为光滑绝缘斜面上的点,其正上方处固定一电荷量为的球2,斜面上距点处的点有质量为的带电球3,球3与一端固定的绝缘轻质弹簧相连并在点处于静止状态。
此时弹簧的压缩量为,球间的静电力大小为。
迅速移走球1后,球3沿斜面向下运动。
为重力加速度,球的大小可忽略,下列关于球3的说法正确的是( )A.由到一直做加速运动B.运动至点的速度等于C.运动至点的加速度大小为D.运动至中点时对斜面的压力大小为第(3)题水果的碰伤阈值是指水果在不碰伤的情况下能够从静止竖直跌落的最大高度。
已知导致苹果碰伤所需的平均作用力约为苹果自身重力的3倍。
某学习小组在探究苹果的碰伤阈值实验中,发现苹果从静止竖直跌落,在接触某材料后0.1s减速至0,苹果刚好碰伤,重力加速度g取10m/s2,不计空气阻力,下列说法正确的是( )A.苹果刚接触此材料时的速率约为3m/sB.苹果在此材料的碰伤阈值约为20cmC.苹果在此材料的碰伤阈值与苹果质量成正比D.苹果从静止竖直跌落到减速为0的过程中平均速度为0第(4)题现今核电站的核能主要来源于核燃料的( )A.聚变反应B.裂变反应C.衰变反应D.化学反应第(5)题蹦床是一项运动员利用蹦床的反弹在空中表现杂技技巧的竞技运动.如图所示为运动员在蹦床运动中完成某个动作的示意图,图中水平虚线PQ是弹性蹦床的初始位置,一质量为m的运动员,某次弹跳中从床面上方A处由静止落下,落到床面上屈伸弹起后离开床面上升到D处,已知,重力加速度大小为g,不考虑空气阻力,下列说法正确的是()A.运动员从A处运动到D处的全过程中,床面对运动员弹力的最大值为mgB.运动员从A处运动到D处的全过程中,运动员的机械能增加量C.运动员从A处运动到D处的全过程中,运动员重力的冲量为0D.运动员由A到B向下运动的过程中,处于完全失重状态,其机械能减少第(6)题用一束单色光照射某金属板,金属板表面没有电子逸出,这可能是因为光的( )A.频率太低B.波长太短C.光强不够强D.照射时间不够长第(7)题2023年10月26日,神舟十七号载人飞船与天和核心舱进行了对接,“太空之家”迎来汤洪波、唐胜杰、江新林3名中国航天史上最年轻的乘组入驻。
上海市宝山区2014届高三物理一模试卷(含答案)
宝山区2013学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试高三物理试卷本试卷分第I卷(1—4页)和第II卷(5—8页)两部分。
全卷共8页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷(共56分)考生注意:1.答第1卷前,考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号,并用2B铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号。
2.第I卷(1—20题)由机器阅卷,答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
一.单项选择题1(共16分,每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项,答案涂在答题卡上)1、下列物理量中,属于矢量的是A.质量 B.温度 C.磁通量 D.电场强度2、下列能源中属于常规能源的是A.太阳能 B.天然气 C.核能 D.潮汐能3、许多科学家在物理学发展过程中做出了重要贡献,下列叙述中符合物理学史实的是A.卡文迪许测出了万有引力常数B.安培最早发现了电流周围存在着磁场C.奥斯特发现了电流的磁效应,总结出了电磁感应定律D.伽利略通过理想斜面实验,总结出了惯性定律4、物体做竖直上抛运动时,在任意相同时间间隔内,速度的变化量A.大小相同、方向相同B.大小相同、方向不同C.大小不同、方向不同D.大小不同、方向相同5、一定质量的某种气体,其压强为P,热力学温度为T,下列说法中正确的是:A.P增大时,单位体积内气体分子数一定增大B.T减小时,单位体积内气体分子数一定增大C.P/T的比值增大时,单位体积内气体分子数一定增大D.P/T的比值增大时,单位体积内气体分子数可能增大,也可能减小6、在探究超重和失重规律时,某体重为G的同学站在一压力传感器上完成一次下蹲动作。
传感器和计算机相连,经计算机处理后得到压力F随时间t变化的图象,则下列图象中可能正确的是7、如图所示,由基本门电路组成的四个电路,其中能使小灯泡发光的是 8、2013年12月2日,中国在西昌卫星发射中心用“长征三号乙”运载火箭,将嫦娥三号月球探测器成功送入太空。
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理试题一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题如图所示为氢原子的能级图,已知可见光的光子能量范围为,锌的逸出功为3.34eV,下列说法正确的是( )A.氢原子由激发态跃迁到基态后,核外电子的动能减小,原子的电势能增大B.处于能级的氢原子可以吸收任意频率的紫外线,并且使氢原子电离C.一个处于能级的氢原子向低能级跃迁时,最多发出6种不同频率的光子D.一群处于能级的氢原子向基态跃迁时,发出的光照射锌板,锌板表面所发出的光电子的最大初动能为8.75eV第(2)题碳14是高层大气中的碳12原子核在太阳射来的高能粒子流作用下产生的,碳14容易发生衰变放出能量,其衰变方程为,则()A.是粒子B.是由质子转变成中子时产生的C.高能粒子流的能量主要来自太阳内部的重核裂变D.的比结合能比的大第(3)题由螺线管、电阻和水平放置的平行板电容器组成的电路如图(a)所示。
其中,螺线管匝数为N,横截面积为;电容器两极板间距为d,极板面积为,板间介质为空气(可视为真空,介电常数为1)。
螺线管外于竖直向上的匀强磁场中,磁感应强度大小B随时间t变化的图像如图(b)所示。
一电荷量为q的颗粒在时间内悬停在电容器中,重力加速度大小为g,静电力常量为k,电容器电容为。
则( )A.颗粒带正电B.颗粒质量为C.时间内,a点电势高于b点电势D.电容器极板带电量大小为第(4)题图(a)所示的电路中,K与L间接一智能电源,用以控制电容器C两端的电压U C。
如果U C随时间t的变化如图(b)所示,则下列描述电阻R两端电压U R随时间t变化的图像中,正确的是( )A.B.C.D.第(5)题如图甲所示,质量为的物体放在水平面上,通过轻弹簧与质量为的物体连接,现在竖直方向给物体一初速度,当物体运动到最高点时,物体与水平面间的作用力刚好为零。
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测全真演练物理试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测全真演练物理试题一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示,理想变压器中,原、副线圈的匝数相等,通过滑动触头P 1可以改变副线圈接入电路的匝数,为定值电阻,R为滑动变阻器,滑动触头为。
输入端接入电压有效值恒定的交流电源,下列判断正确的是( )A.滑动触头不动,滑动触头下滑,电流表、示数均变小B.滑动触头不动,滑动触头下滑,电流表、示数均变大C.滑动触头不动,滑动触头下滑,电流表、示数均变小D.滑动触头不动,滑动触头下滑,电流表、示数均变大第(2)题如图所示为一含有理想变压器的电路,原线圈与小灯泡串联后接在电源电压有效值不变的正弦交流电源上,副线圈接有两个小灯泡、,其中所在支路上有一开关S,已知的电阻为,的电阻为,的电阻为。
当开关S断开时,小灯泡的功率为P,当开关S闭合时,小灯泡的功率为16P,不计灯泡电阻的变化,则理想变压器的原副线圈匝数之比为( )A.B.C.D.第(3)题一小磁针沿固定导体圆环的轴线运动,且小磁针的磁极与轴线平行。
若其运动至P点时速率为v,忽略小磁针的重力和空气阻力,则( )A.圆环的电阻越大,小磁针在P点的加速度越大B.小磁针在P点的加速度大小与其在P点的速度大小无关C.小磁针在P点的加速度方向与小磁针北极的指向有关D.小磁针在P点的加速度与小磁针在P点的速度总是反向第(4)题火星探测项目是我国继神舟载人航天工程、嫦娥探月工程之后又一个重大太空探索项目.假设火星探测器在火星表面附近圆轨道运行的周期为,神舟飞船在地球表面附近的圆形轨道运行周期为,火星质量与地球质量之比为,火星半径与地球半径之比为,则与之比为A.B.C.D.第(5)题智能手机的摄像头光圈尺寸和曝光时间会影响照片的成像质量。
某智能手机的摄像头光圈的面积为,标准曝光时间为,暗室中有一个黄色的点光源,发光功率为,现用该手机在距离点光源处正对光源拍照。
已知黄光的波长为,真空中的光速为。
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理试题
2024届上海市宝山区高三上学期一模(期末)质量监测物理试题一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题如图所示,刚性圆柱形容器,上端开口,容器内侧高,内径,现有一刚性小球(视为质点)从容器上端内边缘沿直径以的初速度水平抛出,小球恰好可以击中容器底部中心位置。
已知重力加速度,忽略空气阻力,小球与容器内壁碰撞视为弹性碰撞,则小球的初速度可能是( )A.B.C.D.第(2)题如图所示,电动势为E、内阻不计的电源与三个灯泡和三个电阻相接,只合上开关S1,三个灯泡都能正常工作,如果再合上S2,则下列表述正确的是()A.电源输出功率减小B.L1上消耗的功率增大C.通过R1上的电流增大D.通过R3上的电流增大第(3)题中国空间站在轨运行周期为1.54h,地球半径为6400km,重力加速度取9.8m/s2。
在2022年,曾经两次遭遇星链卫星的恶意靠近,为避免不必要的损失,中国空间站不得不通过变轨积极规避。
首先变轨到更高的轨道(A到B过程),待星链卫星通过之后,再回到原运行轨道(C到D过程)。
已知卫星运行方向与地球自转方向相同,下列说法正确的是( )A.空间站距地面的高度大约400kmB.第一次加速后的速度比第二次加速后的速度小C.变轨避险的过程,空间站先经过两次减速进入更高轨道,再经过两次加速回到原轨道D.空间站轨道如果在赤道平面内,一天内经赤道上空同一位置最多16次第(4)题质量相等的A、B两个物体静置同一水平面上,分别受到水平拉力、的作用,经过时间和,分别撤去和,两个物体速度v随时间t变化的图像如图所示,设和对A、B的冲量分别为和,和对A、B做的功分别为和,下列结论正确的是( )A.,B.,C.,D.,第(5)题目前,世界上正在研究一种新型发电机叫磁流体发电机,立体图如图甲所示,侧视图如图乙所示,其工作原理是燃烧室在高温下将气体全部电离为电子与正离子,即高温等离子体,高温等离子体经喷管提速后以速度进入矩形发电通道,发电通道有垂直于喷射方向的匀强磁场(图乙中垂直纸面向里),磁感应强度大小,等离子体在发电通道内发生偏转,这时两金属薄板上就会聚集电荷,形成电势差。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
宝山区2013学年第二学期期末教学质量监控测试高一物理试卷考生注意:1.试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.本试卷分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括四大题,第一大题和第二大题均为单项选择题,第三大题为填空题,第四大题为综合应用题。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学号和准考证号。
作答必须涂写在答题纸上,在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4.将第一大题和第二大题的解答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域,将第三大题和第四大题的解答必须用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在与试卷题号对应的答题纸位置上(作图可用铅笔)。
一、单选选择题(共18分,每小题2分,每小题只有一个正确选项)1.(2分)关于温度,下列说法正确的是()A.温度升高1℃,也可以说温度升高1KB.温度由摄氏温度t升至2t,对应的热力学温度便由T升至2TC.绝对零度就是当一定质量的气体体积为零时,用实验方法测出的温度D.随着人类制冷技术的不断提高,总有一天绝对零度会达到2.关于物理公式“P=Fv”,下列说法正确的是()A.该公式只适用于物体作匀速直线运动的情况B.该公式只适用于汽车加速启动的情况C.公式中的“F”是指物体受到的合力D.计算瞬时功率时公式中的“v”应该是瞬时速度3.对于做匀速圆周运动的物体,下列说法中不正确的是()A.相等的时间内通过的路程都相等 B.相等的时间内通过的弧长都相等C.相等的时间内通过的位移都相等 D.相等的时间内通过的角度都相等4.弹簧振子在光滑水平面上振动,在振子向平衡位置运动的过程中()A.振子所受的回复力逐渐增大B.振子的速度在逐渐增大C.振子的加速度在增大D.振子相对于平衡位置的位移逐渐增大5.水流在推动水轮机的过程中做了3×108J的功,这句话应理解为()A.水流在推动水轮机前具有3×108J的能量B.水流在推动水轮机的过程中具有3×108J的能量C.水流在推动水轮机的过程中能量减少了3×108JD.水流在推动水轮机后具有3×108J的能量6.用细线将一块玻璃片水平地悬挂在弹簧测力计下端,并使玻璃片贴在水面上,如右图所示,然后用手缓慢提起弹簧测力计,在使玻璃片脱离水面的一瞬间,弹簧测力计的示数会远大于玻璃板的重力,其主要原因是()A.玻璃板分子做无规则热运动B.玻璃板受到大气压力作用C.玻璃板和水间存在万有引力作用D.玻璃板分子与水分子间存在引力作用7.一列横波沿水平方向传播,某时刻的波形如图所示,则图中a、b、c、d四点在此时刻运动方向相同的是A.a和b B. a和d C. b和d D. c和d8.如图,粗糙斜面固定在水平地面上,一木块沿着粗糙斜面匀速下滑,在这一过程中A.木块的机械能守恒 B.木块的动能转化为重力势能C.木块的重力势能转化为动能 D.木块动能和重力势能总和减小9.某种气体在不同温度下的气体分子速率分布曲线如图所示,图中f(v)表示v处单位速率区间内的分子数百分率,所对应的温度分别为T I,T II,T III,则A.T I>T II>T III,B. TⅢ>TⅡ>TⅠC. TⅠ=TⅡ=TⅢD. TⅡ>TⅠ,TⅢ>TⅠ二、单项选择题(共18分,每小题3分,每小题只有一个正确的选项)10.一张桌子始终静止在地面上,一根木棒沿着水平桌面从A运动到B,发生的位移为s,如图所示,若棒与桌面间的摩擦力大小为F,则棒对桌面的摩擦力和桌面对棒的摩擦力做的功各为()A.﹣Fs,﹣Fs B.Fs,﹣Fs C.0,﹣Fs D.﹣Fs,011.图示为一列向右传播的横波在t=0时刻的波形图,a、b、c三个质点从图示时刻起第一次回到平衡位置的先后次序是()A.b,c,aB.c,b,aC.a,b,cD.a,c,b12.如图所示,粗细均匀的U形管竖直放置,管内有水银柱封住一段空气柱,如果沿虚线所示的位置把开口一侧的部分截掉,保持弯曲部分管子位置不动,则封闭在管内的空气柱将A. 体积不变B.体积变大C.压强变大D.压强不变13.汽车在一平直路面上匀速行驶,前方遇到一段泥泞的路面,导致汽车受到的阻力变大了,若汽车发动机的功率保持不变,经过一段时间后,汽车在泥泞的路面也能做匀速运动,则在图中关于汽车的速度随时间变化关系正确的图象是14.如图,在质量为M的无底的木箱顶部用一轻弹簧悬挂质量均为m的A、B两物体,箱子放在水平面上,平衡后剪断A、B间细线,此后A将做简谐振动,当A运动到最高点时,木箱对地面的压力为()A. Mg B.(M﹣m)g C.(M+m)g D.(M+2m)g15.某机器内有两个围绕各自固定轴匀速转动的铝盘A、B,A盘上固定一个信号发射装置P,能持续沿半径向外发射红外线,P到圆心的距离为28cm.B盘上固定一个带窗口的红外线信号接收装置Q,Q到圆心的距离为16cm.P、Q转动的线速度均为4π m/s.当P、Q正对时,P发出的红外线恰好进入Q的接收窗口,如图所示,则Q每隔一定时间就能接收到红外线信号,这个时间的最小值应为A. 0.42s B. 0.56s C. 0.70s D. 0.84s三、填空题(共24分,每小题4分)16.在竖直平面内有一条光滑弯曲的轨道,轨道上各个高点的高度如图所示,一个小球套在轨道上,从3.0m的高处由静止释放.则小环不可能超越第_______高点,随后小环大致做的是一种怎样的运动?_____________________.17.一根粗细均匀的绳子,右侧固定,使左侧的S点上下振动,产生一列向右传播的机械波,某时刻的波形如图所示,则该波在传播过程中波速________,波的频率______.(选填“逐渐增大”、“逐渐减小”或“保持不变”)18.某物质的摩尔质量为μ,密度为ρ,N A为阿伏伽德罗常数,则这种物质单位体积的摩尔数为_____,单位体积中所含的分子数目为________.19.一横波瞬时的波形如图所示,质点A此时的运动方向向下,且经过0.2s第一次回到平衡位置,则此波的传播方向为_______,波速为________m/s.20.变速自行车靠变换齿轮组合来改变行驶速度档,图是某一变速车齿轮转动结构示意图,图中A轮有48齿,B轮有42齿,C轮有18齿,D轮有12齿.那么该车可变换_____种不同档位;且A与D轮组合时,两轮的角速度之比ωA:ωD=_______.21.在温度为27℃时,一直径为0.3m的薄塑料球内气体压强为1.5×105Pa,大气压强为1.0×105Pa,由于球内外的压强差,使球面绷紧,球面上出现张力.则球面上每厘米长度所受张力为_______N,如果球面上每厘米长度只能承受50N的力,设球体积不变,当球内温度升高到_________K时,球将破裂.四、综合应用题(共40分)22.作图(共4分,每小题2分)(1)质点m绕定点O沿逆时针方向作匀速圆周运动,请在甲图上标出质点在位置A时的速度方向和所受向心力的方向.(2)细绳的一端在外力作用下从t=0时刻开始做简谐振动,激发出一列简谐波,在细绳上选取15个点,图1为t=0时刻各点所处的位置,图2为t=T/4时刻的波形图(T为波的周期),试在图中画出t=3T/4时刻的波形图.23.(9分)(1)在“用DIS研究温度不变时,一定质量的气体压强与体积的关系”的实验中:①气体的体积可直接从注射器上读出,气体的压强是用_________传感器通过计算机系统得到的.②(多项选择题)下列各项要求中,属于本实验必须要做到的是A.在等温条件下操作B.注射器的密封性良好C.弄清所封闭气体的质量D.气体的压强和体积必须用国际单位③对测得的实验数据进行处理时,发现各组同学计算的气体压强p与体积V的乘积值不完全相等,其主要原因是由于封闭气体的__________不同.(2)在“油膜法估测分子大小”的实验中,将1cm3的油酸溶于酒精,制成300cm3的油酸酒精溶液.已知1cm3溶液有20滴,现取1滴油酸酒精溶液滴到水面上,最后扩展成面积为0.15m2的油膜,由此估算出油酸分子直径为_________.在该实验中滴入油酸酒精溶液之前,要在水面上均匀的撒上薄薄的一层痱子粉,其作用是_____________.24.(10分)如图所示,质量为32kg的车静止在水平地面上,现用与水平方向成37°角的拉力F,拉车行走40m,已知拉力F的大小是300N,地面对车施加的水平阻力f是200N,试求:(1)在拉车行走40m的过程中,拉力F和阻力f分别对车做的功;(2)在拉车行走40m的过程中,拉力F生物平均功率;(不考虑空气对车的阻力,已知cos37°=0.8,sin37°=0.6,g=10m/s2)25.(9分)如图所示,质量为2kg的物体,位于竖直平面内弧形轨道上高h=1m的A点,以4m/s的初速度以v0开始下滑,然后进入水平轨道,轨道ABCD中只有水平的BC部分粗糙,其余部分都光滑,已知BC部分长2m,物体在BC部分轨道上滑行时受到的摩擦力是8N,物体进入CD断后仍可返回,试求:(1)物体第一次到达B点时的动能;(2)物体沿CD面上升的最大高度;(3)物体最后静止时的位置离B点距离.(不考虑空气对物体的影响,g=10m/s2)26.(8分)一端密闭一端开口,内径均匀的直玻璃管注入一段水银柱,当玻璃管水平放置静止时,封闭端A空气柱长12cm,开口端B空气柱长12cm,如图a所示.若将管缓慢转到竖直位置,此时A空气柱长度为15cm,然后把管竖直插入水银槽内,最后稳定时管中封闭端空气柱A长仍为12cm,如图(b)所示,设大气压强为1.0×105Pa,即75cmHg,整个过程中温度保持不变,试问:(1)管中水银柱的长度L为多少cm?(2)管插入槽内最后稳定时,进入管中的水银柱长度x为多少cm?2013学年第二学期期末高一物理试卷参考答案及评分标准一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共18分)1-5ADCBC 6-9DBDA二、单项选择题(每小题3分,共18分)10-15CBCBDA三、填空题(每格2分,每小题4分,共24分)16.④,在轨道间来回作往复运动17.保持不变,逐渐增大18.ρμ,ANρμ19.向左,0.05 20. 4,1:4 21. 37.5,333.3四、综合应用题(共40分)22.作图(每小题2分,共4分)(1)(2)23.(共9分)(1)①压强(1分),②AB (2分),③质量(2分)(2)1.11⨯10-9m (2分);形成清晰地油膜边缘(2分)24.(共10分)解:(1)W F =Fs cosθ=300×40×cos37°=9600J(4分) W f =fs cos180°=200×40×(-1)=﹣8000J .(2)F cos37°﹣f =ma ,300×0.8-200=32×a ,a =1.25m/s (6分)2211,40 1.25,822s at t t s ==⨯⨯= 9600,12008WF P P W t === 25.(共9分) 解:(1)E KB =12mv 02+mgh, E KB =12×2×42+2×10×1=36J ; (3分) (2)W fBC =E KC ﹣E KB ,﹣8×2=E KC ﹣36,E KC =20J ;E KC =mgh M ,20=2×10×h M ,h M =1m ; (3分)(3)物体只有经过BC 时才损失机械能,设物体在BC 上滑行的总长为L 后最终停下,有: fL =E KB ﹣0,8L =36,L =4.5m ;由于BC 为2m ,所以物体在BC 上刚好经过一个来回,又向右滑行0.5m ,而停下.即,物体最后静止的位置离B 点的距离为0.5m . (3分)26.(共8分)解:(1)p A1V A1=p A2V A2,75×12=p A2×15,p A2=60cmHg (4分)L =75-60=15cm(2)p B2=p A1+p L =75+15=90cmHg (4分)p B1V B1=p B2V B2,75×9=90×l B2,l B2=7.5cmx =12-7.5=4.5cm。