(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇

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论述expound(explain), state河流river course
引入introduce into河床river bed(channel)
相应的corresponding冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
观点conception河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)
概论overview阶地terrace
概率probability冲积平原alluvial plain
观点化conceptualize三角洲delta
宏观的macroscopic古河流fossil river course, fossil stream channel
增补complement冲积扇alluvial fan
规划plan洪积扇diluvial fan
证明demonstrate, certify, attest坡积裙talus apron
证明confirmation分水岭divide
赔偿compensate, make up, imburse盆地basin
算法algorithm岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform
鉴别式discriminant溶洞solution cave, karst cave
有限元方法finite element method(FEM)落水洞sinkhole
样本单元法sample element method(SEM)土洞Karstic earth cave
赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM)
赤平投影stereographic projection 2 地层岩性
扰乱位移法interference displacement method(IDM)地层geostrome (stratum, strata)
扰乱能量法interference energy method(IEM)岩性lithologic character, rock property
条分法method of slices岩体rock mass
极限均衡法limit equilibrium method岩层bed stratum
界面元法boundary element method岩层layer, rock stratum
模拟simulate母岩matrix, parent rock
计算程序computer program相变facies change
数值剖析numerical analysis硬质岩strong rock, film
计算工作量calculation load软质岩weak rock
解的独一性uniqueness of solution硬质的competent
多层结构模型laminated model软质的incompetent
非线性nonlinear基岩bedrock
横观各向同性lateral isotropy岩组petrofabric
各向同性isotropy覆盖层overburden
各向异性anisotropy交织层理cross bedding
非均质性heterogeneity层面bedding plane
界限条件boundary condition片理schistosity
本构方程constitutive equation层理bedding
初始条件initial condition板理（叶理）foliation
初始状态rest condition波痕ripple-mark
岩土工程geotechnical engineering,泥痕mud crack
土木匠程civil engineering雨痕raindrop imprints
基础工程foundation engineering造岩矿物rock-forming minerals
最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface黏土矿物clay mineral
交替alternate高岭土kaolinite
控制论cybernetics蒙脱石montmorillonite
大批现场检查mass field surveys伊利石illite
组合式combined type云母mica
互相作用interaction白云母muscovite
稳固性评论stability evaluation黑云母biotite
均质性homogeneity石英quartz
介质medium长石feldspar
层layer, stratum正长石orthoclase
组构fabric斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene, picrite
1 地形地貌geographic and geomorphic角闪石hornblende
工程地质条件engineering geological conditions方解石calcite
地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions结构structure
地形land form结构texture
地貌geomorphology, relief组构fabric(tissue)
微地貌microrelief矿物构成mineral composition
地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit结晶质crystalline
坡度grade非晶质amorphous
地形图relief map产状attitude
河谷river valley火成岩igneous
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岩浆岩magmatic rock粗粒coarse grain
火山岩（熔岩） lava中粒medium-grained
火山volcano堆积物sediment (deposit)
侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock漂石、顽石boulder
喷出岩effusive rock卵石cobble
深成岩plutonic rock砾石gravel
浅成岩pypabysal rock砂sand
酸性岩acid rock粉土silt
中性岩inter-mediate rock黏土clay
基性岩basic rock粘粒clay grain
超基性岩ultrabasic rock砂质黏土sandy clay
岩基rock base (batholith)粘质砂土clayey sand
岩脉（墙）dike壤土、亚黏土loam
岩株rock stock砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam
岩流rock flow浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)
岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)黄土loess
岩盆rock lopolith红土laterite
岩墙rock dike泥灰peat
岩床rock sill软泥ooze
岩脉vein dyke淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay
花岗岩granite冲积物（层）alluvion
斑岩porphyry冲积的alluvial
玢岩porphyrite洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
流纹岩rhyolite洪积的diluvial
正长岩syenite坡积物（层）deluvium
粗面岩trachyte残积物（层）eluvium
闪长岩diorite残积的eluvial
安山岩andesite风积物（层）eolian deposits
辉长岩gabbro湖积物（层）lake deposits
玄武岩basalt海积物（层）marine deposits
细晶岩aplite冰川堆积物（层） glacier (drift)deposits
伟晶岩pegmatite崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium
煌斑岩lamprophyre残积黏土residual clay
辉绿岩diabase变质岩metamorphic rock
橄榄岩dunite板岩slate
黑曜岩obsidian千枚岩phyllite
浮岩pumice片岩schist
火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia片麻岩gneiss
火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate石英岩quartzite
凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble
堆积岩sedimentary rock糜棱岩mylonite
碎屑岩clastic rock混淆岩migmatite
黏土岩clay rock碎裂岩cataclasite
粉砂质黏土岩silty claystone
化学岩chemical rock 3 地质结构
生物岩biolith地质结构geologic structure
砾岩conglomerate结构结构structural texture
角砾岩breccia大地结构geotectonic
砂岩sandstone结构运动tectogenesis
石英砂岩quartz sandstone造山运动orogeny
粉砂岩siltstone起落运动vertical movement
钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone水平运动horizontal movement
泥岩mudstone完好性perfection(integrity)
页岩shale起伏度waviness
盐岩saline尺寸效应size effect
石灰岩limestone围压效应confining pressure effect
白云岩dolomite产状因素elements of attitude
泥灰岩marl产状attitude, orientation
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous走向strike
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous偏向dip
砂质arenaceous倾角dip angle, angle of dip
泥质argillaceous褶皱fold
硅质的siliceous褶曲fold
有机质organic matter单斜monocline
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向斜syncline破裂crumble
背斜anticline共轭节理conjugated joint
穹隆dome散状loose
挤压squeeze透镜状的lens-shaped a.
上盘upper section岩石碎片crag
下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall岩屑cuttings, debris
断距separation薄膜membrane, film
订交intersect层理stratification
断层fault高角度high dip angle
正断层normal fault缓倾角low dip angle
逆断层reversed fault反倾anti-dip
平移断层parallel fault互层interbed v.
层理bedding, stratification Interbedding n.
微层理light stratification起伏的unplanar
地堑graben波状起伏的undulate, undulating
地垒horst, fault ridge粒径particle size
断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge结构层tectonosphere
擦痕stria, striation挤压compression
断裂fracture均一的homogeneous
破裂带fracture zone剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone
节理joint切割dissection
节理组joint set切割的dissected
裂隙fissure, crack致密close, compact
微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure结构岩tectonite
劈理cleavage糜棱岩mylonite
原生裂隙original joint断层角砾岩fault breccia
次生裂隙epigenetic joint方解石脉calcite vein
张裂隙tension joint碎块岩clastic rock
剪裂隙shear joint角砾breccia
卸荷裂隙relief crack岩粉rock powder
裂隙率fracture porosity岩屑debris, debry
结构种类structural pattern固结consolidation
岩体结构rock mass structure定向摆列oriented spread
岩块block mass结构应力tectonic stress
结构体structural element剩余应力residual stress
块度blockness
结构面structural plane 4 水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions
脆弱结构面weak plane水文循环hydrologic cycle
临空面free face大气圈atmosphere
碎裂结构cataclastic texture水圈hydrosphere
板状结构platy structure岩石圈geosphere
薄板状lamellose地表径流surface runoff
块状的lumpy, massive地下径流subsurface runoff
层状的laminated流域valley, drainage basin
巨厚层giant thick-laminated流域面积drainage area, river basin area 薄层状的finely laminated汇水面积catchment area
脆弱夹层weak intercalated layer地下水ground water, subsurface water 夹层inter bedding,地表水surface water intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer大气水atmospheric water
夹泥层clayey intercalation气态水aqueous (vapour) water
夹泥inter-clay液态水liquid water
连通性connectivity固态水solid water
切层insequent上层滞水perched water
影响带affecting zone潜水phreatic water
完好性integrity n.承压水confined water
Integrate v. & a.吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water
degree of integrality介质medium
破裂crumble缝隙void
胶结cement孔隙水压力pore water pressure
泥化argillization浸透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 尖灭taper-out扬压力uplift pressure
错动diastrophism静水压力hydrostatic pressure
错动层面faulted bedding plane外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
断续的intermittent动水压力hydrodynamic pressure
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浸透力seepage pressure安全系数factor of safety
外水压力external water pressure埋深embedment depth
内水压力internal water pressure试件coupons
水力联系hydraulic interrelation挠度deflection
水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient里氏震级Richter scale
水头损失water head loss设计烈度design intensity
浸透门路filtration path, seepage path基本烈度basic intensity
浸透系数penetration coefficient场所烈度site intensity
潜水位water table level地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale
水位water level, stage level优秀周期predominant period
水头water head持力层sustained yield
含水层aquifer超载surcharge
弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard围岩压力surrounding rock stress
滞水层aquiclude附带压力superimposed stress
透水层permeable layer, pervious layer应力废弛stress relaxation
不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,应力路迳stress path
impermeable layer, aquiclude卸荷unload
潜水含水层phreatic aquifer浸透率specific permeability
承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer饱和度degree of saturation
承压面bearing surface含水量moisture content
潜水面phreatic surface, water table均匀粒径mean diameter
浸润线phreatic curve颗粒grain, granule, particle
不透水界限impervious boundary颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,
地下分水岭groundwater ridge grain composition, size distribution
粘滞性viscosity级配graduation,
富水性abundance grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
透水性（浸透性） permeability粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 淋滤（溶滤作用） lixiviation, leaching不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,
反滤层inverted gravel filter variation coefficient, variation factor
水锈incrustation颗粒分级gradation, size grading
渗滴seep孔隙水pore water
饱和saturation, saturated孔隙比void ratio (ration)
潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level缝隙率air voids
气象因素meteorological factor孔隙率porosity
饱水带zone of saturation裂隙率crackity
包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration溶隙率karstity
包气带水aeration zone water密度density
上层滞水perched water重度unit weight, bulk weight
孔隙水pore water浮重度buoyant unit weight
裂隙水fissure water折减系数reduction factor
岩溶水karstic water压力消失dissipation of pressure
联合水bound water, combined water抗力系数coefficient of resistance
吸着水hydroscopic water融化系数softening coefficient
薄膜水pellicular water含水量water content
毛细水capillary water稠度consistency
重力水gravitational water塑限plastic limit
凝固水condensation water液限liquid limit
地下水埋藏条件 condition of groundwater occurrence塑性指数plasticity index
地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence液性指数liquidity index
压水试验packer permeability test流变rheological
抽水试验pumping test蠕变creep
塑性plastic
5 物理力学性质脆性brittleness(fragility)
物理力学physical mechanics n.粘性stickness
Physico-mechanicala.刚性rigidity
折服准则yield criteria弹性的elastic
米赛斯折服准则 Von Mises yield criteria粘弹性viso-elasticity
朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory弹塑性elasto-plasticity
剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model压缩性compressibility
邓肯 -张模型Duncan-chang model均质性homogeneity
本构方程constitutive equation非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)
局部剪切损坏local shear failure各向同性isotropy
整体剪切损坏general shear failure各向异性anisotropy
岩体完好性指数 intactness index of rock mass总应力total stress
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有效应力effective stress岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance
超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure允许承载力allowable bearing capacity
孔隙水压力pore water pressure临塑压力critical pressure
抗压强度compressive strength接触压力contact pressure
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗剪强度shear strength 6 工程地责问题
不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strenght工程地责问题engineering geological problem
峰值抗剪强度peak share strength定性评论qualitative estimate
长久抗剪强度long-term shear strength定量评论quantitative estimate
剩余抗剪强度residual shear strength极限均衡法limit equilibrium method
负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition
摩擦角angle of friction风化weathering
内摩擦角angle of internal friction变形deformation
外摩擦角angle of external friction位移displacement
内聚力cohesion不均匀位移differential movement
粘聚力cohesion相对位移relative displacement
假凝集力pseudo-cohesion沉陷settlement
粘着力adhesion山崩avalanche, toppling
摩尔圆Mohr’s circle倒塌toppling, toppling collapse
包络线envelope滑坡、地滑creep, slide
休止角angle of repose,切层滑坡insequent landslide angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle深层滑坡deep slide
峰值peak浅层滑坡shallow slide
模量modulus顺层滑坡consequent landslide
弹性模量modulus of elasticity ，滑动面
Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulus sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
压缩模量modulus of compressibility滑动带sliding zone
变形模量modulus of deformation滑床slide bed
卸荷模量unloading modulus滑坡体slide(sliding) mass
切线模量tangent modulus古滑坡fossil landslide
剪切模量shear modulus推移式滑坡slumping slide
割线模量secant modulus牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide
旁压模量pressurmeter modulus管涌piping, internal erosion
泊松比poisson ’s ration渗漏leakage
固结consolidation流砂quicksand
固结系数coefficient of consolidation渗流seepage
固结度degree of consolidation液化liquefaction
超固结比over consolidation ration
应变strain7 工程勘探 engineering investigation
压缩比compressibility ratio工程地质勘探engineering geology investigation 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility岩土工程勘探geotechnical investigation
压缩指数compression index工程地质条件engineering geological condition 初始曲线virgin curve工程地质评论engineering geological evaluation 正常固结土normally consolidated soil勘察survey
欠固结土under-consolidated soil岩芯采纳率 core recovery, core extraction
超固结土over-consolidated soil岩芯获取率
被动土压力passive earth pressure RQD （岩石质量指标） rock quality designation
主动土压力active earth pressure程序（步骤）procedure
静止土压力 earth pressure at rest勘探阶段investigational stage
覆盖压力overburden pressure选点踏勘reconnaissance
初始应力initial stress初步设计primary design
地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field初步规划preliminary scheme
有效应力effective stress初步勘探preliminary prospecting
动应力dynamic stress初步踏勘ground reconnaissance
动荷载dynamic load可行性研究阶段feasibility stage
偏爱荷载eccentric loads初步设计阶段preliminary stage
循环荷载inclined loads施工阶段construction sage
地应力ground stress, geostatic stress踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
初始应力initial stress地质测绘geological survey
应力场stress field工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping 纵波longitudinal wave钻探borehole operation, boring
液化势liquefaction potential物探geophysical exploration
液化指数liquefaction index洞探exploratory adits
交角angular钎探rod sounding
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钻杆drill rod 坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
天然建材检查
natural materials surveying (examination)
岩土工程勘探报告geotechnical investigation report
判定identification, appraisal
判定书expertise report
判定人identifier, surveyor
校核verification
总监chief inspector
比率proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
工程地质图 engineering geological map 实
测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
结构地质图 geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map
地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻
孔柱状图 logs of bore hole
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展现图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界限strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface
坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot)
勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
平洞adit
竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽exploratory trench
探井exploratory pit
钻孔borehole, drill hole
机钻孔ordinary drill hole
套钻孔sleeve drill hole
管钻孔pipe drill hole
岩芯core
岩芯钻探core drilling
展转钻探（进）rotary drilling
冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling
钢砂钻探shot drilling
铁砂钻进iron shot drilling
跟管钻进follow-down drilling
振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
单动式single acting
双层double layer
空气钻探air flush drilling
钻机drilling rig
钻头drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头auger
勺钻spoon bit
冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头bucket auger
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套管casing
岩芯管core barrel
冲刷掖flush fluid
正循环冲刷direct circulation
反循环冲刷reverse circulation
泥浆mud, slurry
泥皮mud cake
护壁dado
止水seal, water seal
扫孔cleaning bottom of hole
钻进drilling
平硐adit
竖井shaft
钻探drilling boring
8工程地质试验
击实试验compaction test
压缩试验compression test
固结试验consolidation test
单轴试验uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验in-situ shear test
单剪试验simple shear test
直剪试验direct shear test
慢剪试验slow test
单剪试验simple shear test
快剪试验quick test
三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test
动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test
不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)
固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试in-situ test
现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection
观察孔observation borehole
静力触探试验cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test 标贯试验standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test
检层法up-hole method, borehole method
旁压试验pressuremeter test
动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test
岩石试验rock test
应力排除法stress relief method
应力恢复法stress recovery method
套孔法over-coring method
9 岩土体加固
breast, driving face,
掌子面
heading face, tunnel face
顶拱vault
底拱invert
洞室开挖excavation
超挖overbreak
风钻pneumatic drill
开挖断面excavated section
塌落slump
细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment
6
7
料场stock ground冻结法freezing method
土料earth material超载over break
矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag衬砌lining
性能function, performance, property, nature围堰cofferdam
凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation堤dike
合格qualified, on test, up to standard近坝岸坡abutments
初凝initial set施工（缩短）缝 construction joint
初凝时间initial setting time心墙core
终凝final set截水墙cutoff wall
配合比mix proportion防渗墙diaphragm wall
塌落度slump排水井drainage wells
水化热heat of hydration,排水幕drainage curtain
hydration heat, setting heat减压井relief wells
水灰比water-cement ratio反滤层filter zone
粉煤灰fly ash灌浆资料grout
梅花状quincuncial pattern水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing
发射shotcrete帷幔线curtain line
浇注pouring上游围堰upstream cofferdam
钢筋网coiremesh混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall
加固reinforce截流interim completion
锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt导水墙channel training wall
锚索anchored cable正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork
锚紧端anchor station消力塘lined plunge pool
锚桩anchored peg隔墙divider walls
采石场rock quarry混凝土护坦concrete apron
开挖excavation副厂房auxiliary power house
清基cleanup foundation闸门室gate chamber
明挖open-cut中闸室mid gate chamber
爆破explosion开关站switch yard
光面爆破smooth blasting电梯井elevator shaft
预裂法presplitting尾沟渠tail race
特别溢洪道emergency spillway
10水工概论
坝址toe of dam11 桥梁及基础工程
坝踵heel江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge
坝段monolith悬索桥suspension bridge
坝顶crest锚碇anchorage
坝肩shoulders重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage
左坝肩left dam abutment北锚碇前（后）锚面
副坝saddle dam front(back) surface of northern anchorage
三坝址the third dam site塔墩tower
标高height mark墩pier
上游水位headwater散索鞍splay saddle
正常库水位normal reservoir level猫道footbridge
地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)主缆main cable
压力隧洞pressure tunnel索股cable strand
无压隧洞gravity tunnel主鞍main saddle, tower saddle
交通洞access tunnel主跨main span
灌浆洞grouting tunnel边跨side span
明流洞free-flow tunnel引桥approach
孔板洞orifice tunnel钢箱梁steel box main girder
排砂洞sediment tunnel埋深embedment depth
尾水洞tailrace tunnel北塔墩基础north tower base
排水洞drainage tunnel基础foundation, footing
导流洞diversion tunnel浅基础shallow foundation
地道tunnel深基础deep foundation
围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock联合基础combined footing
围岩应力secondary stress static筏形基础raft(mat) foundation
应力集中stress concentrate钢模steel form
覆盖层over burden桩pile
冒顶cave in, roof fall基桩foundation pile
底鼓bottom heave群桩pile groups
回弹rebound桩基础pile foundation
岩爆rock burst桩承台pile cap
7
8
高桩承台high-rise pile cap12 监测仪器
低桩承台buried pile cap观察孔observation bore/hole
摩擦桩friction pile仪器观察instrumentation
端承桩end bearing pile读数装置readout device
嵌岩桩socketed pile传感器transducer
板桩sheet pile探头probe
旋喷桩jet-grouted pile压力盒pressure cell
灌输桩cast-in-place pile振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge
沉管灌输桩driven cast-in-place pile伸长计、变位计extension meter
支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles板式沉降仪foundation base/pate
刚性桩rigid pile测斜仪inclinometer
柔性桩flexible pile测压计，渗压计piezometer
侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile垂线plumb
轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile垂直度plumbness
预制桩precast concrete pile
振动打桩vibratory pile driving13 安全监控
振动钻进vibratory drilling靠谱性检查reliability checking
沉箱caisson监控模型monitoring and prediction model
沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson监测monitoring
地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall资料datum, data
支撑bracing靠谱性reliability
超载surcharge稳固性stability
接触应力contact pressure安全safety
井点降水well-point dewatering评估evaluation, appraise
桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile评定assessment, assess, rate
承载力bearing capacity评论准则criterion
阻力resistance灾祸hazard, calamity
桩端阻力end resistance确立性方法论Deterministic methodology
表面摩擦力skin friction应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)
粘着系数adhesion factor事故accident
负摩擦力negative skin friction紧迫状态emergency
安全系数factor of safety紧迫检查emergency inspection
压缩层compressed layer灾情等级hazard classification
附带应力additional stress, superimposed stress灾祸评论hazard evaluation
持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer风险评估risk assessment
地基土foundation soil, subsoil
临塑压力critical pressure静力（ Static Analysis ）
剪切损坏shear failure动力（ Dynamic Analysis ）
地基无效foundation failure蠕变（ Creep Material Model ）
冲剪损坏punching failure渗流（ Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
渐进损坏progressive failure热力学（ Thermal Option ）
允许荷载allowable load headward erosion 溯源侵害
极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity scouring of levee or bank 淘刷
沉降settlement strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
沉降差differential settlement weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
尾部倾斜angular distortion of continually aftershocks of7 or 8-degree intensity 倾斜tilting
坑底隆起bottom heave
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
稳固数stability number Evidently显然的
路堤embankment Correspondingly adv. 相应地 ;有关地 ; 同样地
地基办理ground treatment soil improvement the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault
垫层cushion oblique~bedding bank slope
加固stabilization
注浆injection
灌浆guniting
帷幕curtain
挡土墙retaining wall
锚固anchoring
喷浆guniting
锚杆earth anchor
盲沟French drain
专业外语(为方便记忆 ,跟上边稍有重复 )
振冲法vibro jet
一．综合类
8
1. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程
2. foundation engineering 基础工程
3. soil, earth 土
4.
soil mechanics 土力学
cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载
viscoelastic found 粘弹性 地基
viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量
5. soil dynamics 土动力学
6.
stress path 应力路径
二． 土的分类
1. residual soil 残积土
groundwater level
地下水位
2. groundwater 地下水
groundwater
table 地下水位
3. clay minerals 黏土矿物
4. secondary minerals 次生矿物
5. landslides 滑坡
6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图
7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探
8. boulder 漂石
9. cobble 卵石
10. gravel 砂石
11. gravelly sand 砾砂
12. coarse sand 粗砂
13. medium sand 中砂
14. fine sand 细砂
15. silty sand 粉土
16. clayey soil 粘性土
17. clay 黏土
18. silty clay 粉质黏土
19. silt 粉土
20. sandy silt 砂质粉土
21. clayey silt 粘质粉土
22. saturated soil 饱和土
23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土
24. fill (soil) 填土
三． 土的基本物理力学性质
1. c c Compression index
2. c u undrained shear strength
3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective
overburden stress p 0
(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated
normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively
cohesive strength from vane test natural void ratio plasticity index
coefficient
of “ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ1and σ 2
8. K 0’
do main for effective stresses σ 1
σ2
’
‘and 9. K 0n
K 0 for normally consolidated state 10. K 0u
K 0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating
instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.
K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclic
loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a
9
12. pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficient
and
k , k v
permeability in horizontal
h
vertical directions, respectively 13.
N blow count ,standard penetration
test 14. OCR over-consolidation ratio 15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16.
oedemeter test effective overburden pressure
p
17. p s specific cone penetration
18. resistance ,from static cone test
q
unconfined compressive strengt
h
u
19. U,U m degree of
consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m
denote bottom of specimen and mean value,
21. respectively natural water content, liquid and
w
w
L w
p
22. plastic limits, respectively
‘and σ ’
σ ,σ 2
principal stresses, σ
1
1
2
denote effective principal stresses
四．
浸透性和渗流
1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律
2. piping 管涌
3. flowing soil 流土
4. sand boiling 砂沸
5. flow net 流网
6. seepage 浸透（流）
7. leakage 渗流
8. seepage (force) pressure 浸透压力
9. permeability 浸透性
10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度
11.
coefficient of permeability 浸透系数
五 ．地基应力和变形
1. soft soil 软土
2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）
摩阻力 3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力 4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度
5. low activity 低活性
6. sensitivity 敏捷度
7. triaxial test 三轴试验
8. foundation design 基础设计
9. recompaction 再压缩
10. bearing capacity 承载力
11. soil mass 土体
12. contact pressure 接触应力
13. concentrated load 集中荷载
14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体
15. homogeneous 均质
16. isotropic 各向同性
17. strip footing 条基
18. square spread footing 方形独立基础
19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层（土）
20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 连续荷载
21. live load 活载
22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载
23. long-term transient load 长久荷载
24. reduced load 折算荷载
25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形
26. casing 套管
27. dike=dyke 堤（防）
28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组
9
4. c vane
5. e 0
6. I p
7. K 0
10
29.physical properties 物理性质10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向
30.subgrade路基极限承载力
31.well-graded soil 级配优秀土11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验
32.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土12.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向允许承
33.sieve 筛子载力
34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔 -库仑损坏13.low pile cap 低桩承台
条件14.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台
35.FEM=finite element method有限元法15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单
36.limit equilibrium method 极限均衡法桩抗拔极限承载力
37.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力16.silent piling 静力压桩
38.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力17.uplift pile 抗拔桩
39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量18.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩
40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数19.pile groups 群桩
pression index 压缩指数20.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数
42.swelling index 回弹指数（η）
43.geostatic stress自重应力21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应
44.additional stress 附带应力22.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术
45.total stress 总应力23.final set 最后贯入度
46.final settlement 最后沉降24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验
47.slip line 滑动线25.pile integrity test 桩的完好性试验
六．基坑开挖与降水26.pile head=butt 桩头
1.excavation 开挖（挖方）27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）
2.dewatering （基坑）降水28.pile spacing 桩距
3.failure of foundation 基坑失稳29.pile plan 桩位部署图
4.bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的部署
5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起31.group action 群桩作用
6.retaining wall 挡土墙32.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻
7.pore-pressure distribution 孔压散布33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻
8.dewatering method 降低地下水位法34.pile cushion 桩垫
9.well point system 井点系统（轻型）35.pile driving(by vibration)打桩（振动）
10.deep well point 深井点36.pile pulling test 拔桩试验
11.vacuum well point 真空井点37.pile shoe 桩靴
12.braced cuts 支撑围护38.pile noise 打桩噪音
braced excavation 支撑开挖39.pile rig 打桩机
braced sheeting 支撑挡板八．地基办理（ ground treatment）
七．深基础deep foundation 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建
1.pile foundation 桩基础筑地基办理技术规范
1)cast –in-place 灌输桩 2.cushion 垫层法
注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌 3.preloading 预压法
4.dynamic compaction 强夯法
bored pile 钻孔桩 5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法
异型灌输桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控 6.vibroflotation method振冲法
7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩
piles set into rock 嵌岩灌输桩pile-stone column 砂石桩
rammed bulb pile夯扩桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石
2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础桩
drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩
under-reamed bored pier10.cement column 水泥桩
3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩
4)steel pile 钢桩12.jet grouting 高压发射注浆法
steel pipe pile 钢管桩13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法
steel sheet pile 钢板桩14.lime-soil compaction pile灰土挤密桩
5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩
管桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法
2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）16.surface compaction表层压实法
3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙17.surcharge preloading 超载预压法
4.friction pile 摩擦桩vacuum preloading 真空预压法
end-bearing pile 端承桩18.sand wick 袋装砂井
5.(pile)shaft 桩身19.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物
6.wave equation analysis 颠簸方程剖析posite foundation复合地基
7.pile caps 承台（桩帽）21.reinforcement method 加筋法
8.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力22.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法
teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验23.freezing and heating 冷热办理法。