2017-2018学年高中英语人教版必修3课时作业：Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 14 Word版含答案

课时作业(十四) Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Section ⅡWarming Up & Reading－Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Smoking is harmful (harm) to your health, so you should give it up or at least cut down on it.
2．There are lots of religions (religious) in the world and everyone has the right to believe in them.
3．There are a great number of different theories (theory) about learning styles throughout the world.
4．What makes the things worse is that he has lost his patience.
5．The new law makes it possible for us to get more chances in the country.
6．In summer the house will be too hot for the old man to_live (live) in.
7．Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from being_polluted (pollute)．
8．The wind was so violent (violence) that several big trees were blown down by it.
9．Tom is unlike (like) his brother, Tony. He is outgoing, while Tony is shy.
10．The four­year­old Russian girl has drawn global (globe) attention for her great gift for languages.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
American researchers are making final plans to send a spaceship into space for a possible meeting with an asteroid (小行星). The spaceship is called OSIRIS­Rex. It is six meters long and shaped like a man's bow tie (蝶形领结). The asteroid is called Bennu. It is larger than the Empire State Building in New York City. Bennu weighs about 60 million tons and is traveling at a speed of more than 100,000 kilometers an hour.
The huge space rock is getting closer to Earth. It comes as close as 500,000 kilometers to the planet every six years. Researchers want to take a close look at Bennu because it is considered one of the most dangerous asteroids in our solar system. The American space agency, NASA, will start its research next month. The plan is to
put OSIRIS­Rex in orbit (轨道) around Bennu in about two years.
The spacecraft will not land on Bennu, but will make contact (接触) with the asteroid for about five seconds. At that time, a part of the spacecraft will gather about 60 grams of material from Bennu's surface. All of that material will return to the earth inside something called SRC. It is expected to land in the Utah desert in September of 2023.
Scientists want to learn as much as possible about Bennu because of the danger it could cause to our planet. The asteroi d “has a quite high possibility of negatively influencing the Earth” in less than 200 years, according to a NASA statement.
Another thing that makes Bennu dangerous is its path around the solar system. That path is changing because of something called the Yarkovsky effect. The Yarkovsky effect is what happens when a cold piece of rock gets close enough to the sun to get heated. Scientists want to know how that warmth changes the orbit of asteroids and other space objects.
【文章大意】小行星Bennu每六年就离地球近50万公里，将来可能会给地球造成不良影响。

1．What do we know about Bennu?
A．It looks like a man's bow tie.
B．It is larger than New York City.
C．It travels 500,000 kilometers every six years.
D．It is getting closer to the earth each day.
解析：D 细节理解题。

根据第二段的It comes as close as 500,000 kilometers to the planet every six years.可知，这颗小行星正离地球越来越近。

2．What does the underlined part “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Bennu's surface.
B．OSIRIS­Rex.
C．SRC.
D．The collected material.
解析：C 词义指代题。

根据划线词前面的All of that material will return to the earth inside something called SRC.以及后面的．..expected to land in the Utah desert...可知，it指代的是返回舱设备(SRC)。

3．Bennu's path is changing most probably because ________.
A．it's traveling really fast
B．it's being heated by the sun
C．it's being influenced by the earth
D．it's getting colder than before
解析：B 细节理解题。

根据末段的That path is changing because of something called the Yarkovsky effect. The Yarkovsky effect is what happens when a cold piece of rock gets close enough to the sun to get heated.可知，这颗小行星的路线改变是因为它受到太阳热量的影响。

Ⅲ.完形填空
I am an eighth­grade student at Central Middle School. In my three years at the school I have played soccer, basketball, and baseball. I love __1__ and really enjoy being part of a team. Playing on our school sports teams has been the __2__ part of middle school for me. I know I'm lucky that I've had this chance.
Some kids have not been so __3__. In fact, many kids who __4__ sports don't have the chance to play on a school team. That's __5__， to make a team, you have to try out (参加选拔). The idea is that kids who are good at sports will do __6__ in tryouts and make the team. __7__ what about the kids who don't do a great job during tryouts? Maybe they are ill that day, or nervous, so they don't play their best.They don't make the team, and that is __8__.
Also, there are kids who really don't have the __9__ to play well. They __10__ make a team, and that isn't fair either. How will kids ever __11__ the skills if they don't have a chance to play? Remember, this is __12__ and students are here to learn. All kids should have the __13__ to learn sports skills and teamwork by playing on a school sports team.
There are other reasons why every __14__ should have the chance to play sports. Sports are important for good health. They help kids feel __15__about themselves and their school. They build friendships among teammates. And, most important, team sports are __16__！ Players have fun playing, and their parents have fun watching and cheering for the __17__. By now you know how I __18__. Every student who wants to play on a school sports team should have the chance. These teams are for fun and health－they're not __19__ teams! Let's change the __20__ for making a team. Let's get rid of (丢弃) tryouts. Let's give every student at Central Middle School the chance to wear a team uniform (制服)．
话题：学校生活
【文章大意】本文是议论文。

作者呼吁学校能让每个喜欢运动的学生都有机会参加校队。

1．A.music B．sports
C．literature D．studies
解析：B 由上文中的I have played soccer, basketball, and baseball可知，“我”喜欢“体育(sports)”。

2．A.easy B．busiest
C．best D．difficult
解析：C 由上文中的really enjoy being part of a team可知，参加校队是“我”中学阶段“最美好的(best)”时光。

3．A.lucky B．strong
C．confident D．proud
答案：A
4．A.watch B．praise
C．hate D．love
解析：D 由上文中的I'm lucky that I've had this chance及下文中的don't have the chance to play on a school team的对比可知，那些“热爱(love)”运动却没机会参加校队的学生很不“幸运(lucky)”。

5．A.why B．how
C．because D．until
解析：C don't have the chance to play on a school team与you have to try out 之间是因果关系，故用“因为(because)”。

6．A.well B．quickly
C．bravely D．calmly
解析：A 由下文中的do a great job during tryouts可知，学校认为擅长运动的学生就会在选拔中表现“优异(well)”。

7．A.So B．Though
C．But D．And
解析：C 上下文表示转折关系，故用“但是(But)”。

8．A.unfair B．strange
C．different D．normal
解析：A 由下文中的isn't fair either可知，凭选拔参加校队是“不公平的(unfair)”。

9．A.interests B．faith
C．time D．skills
解析：D 下文的skills是提示。

10．A.even B．nearly
C．never D．often
解析：C 由下文中的they don't have a chance to play可知，有些学生“从来(never)”没参加过校队。

11．A.show B．learn
C．share D．remember
解析：B 有些学生从来就没有机会参加运动，他们如何“学习(learn)”这些运动技能呢？
12．A.school B．classroom
C．playground D．club
解析：A 由下文中的students are here to learn及语境可知，“学校(school)”是供学生学习的地方。

13．A.dream B．reason
C．goal D．chance
答案：D
14．A.sportsman B．teacher
C．student D．adult
解析：C 由下文中的Every student who wants to play on a school sports team should have the chance可知，每个“学生(student)”都应该有“机会(chance)”学习体育技能。

15．A.curious B．good
C．worried D．tired
解析：B 体育运动会使得孩子们对自己感觉“良好(good)”。

16．A.enjoyable B．dangerous
C．necessary D．useful
解析：A 由下文中的Players have fun playing, and their parents have fun watching 可知，体育运动很“有趣(enjoyable)”。

17．A.family B．team
C．party D．winner
解析：B 由上文中的team sports可知，家长为“团队(team)”加油。

18．A.act B．say
C．believe D．feel
解析：D 由下文中的Every student who wants to play on a school sports team should have the chance可知，这就是“我”的“感受(feel)”。

19．A.new B．special
C．ordinary D．professional
解析：D 由上文中的These teams are for fun and health可知，校队不是“专业的(professional)”。

20．A.limits B．rules
C．orders D．signs
解析：B 由下文中的Let's get rid of tryouts可知，“我”希望学校能改变校队选拔的“规则(rules)”。

Ⅳ.语法填空
One morning, a bus was running, in which were some people __1__ (go) to work. Suddenly, a car rushed out from a nearby road; the bus __2__ (force) to stop. It was a car taking pictures of a wedding (婚礼), __3__ (follow) by a line of slow­moving wedding cars. The passengers started to complain that they would be late __4__ work, but the bus driver just sat in his seat __5__ (quiet) and rang the horn (喇叭) from time to time.
Someone said to the driver, “No use ringing the horn; they won't make way for you. You'd better rush through th e line.”
The driver turned back and said with __6__ smile, “I'm ringing the horn not to urge them to make way for __7__ (I), but to wish them happiness.” After a second, he added, “Marriage is a happy thing, so we have a chance __8__ (make) way for others' happiness. Isn't it a happy thing？”
The passengers on the bus calmed down.
__9__ is a happy thing to make way for others' happiness. The one __10__ has such a feeling is certainly a happy person.
1．解析：going 考查动词­ing形式作定语的用法。

people后跟定语，people与go之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且go所表示的动作正在发生，故填going。

2．解析：was forced 考查一般过去时的被动语态。

bus与force之间是被动关系，且由One morning可知，force所表示的动作发生在过去，故填was forced。

3．解析：followed 考查过去分词作状语的用法。

设空处作伴随状语，因follow与其逻辑主语car之间是动宾关系，故填followed。

4．解析：for 考查介词。

be late for work意为“上班迟到”。

5．解析：quietly 考查副词。

设空处作状语修饰sat，故填quietly。

6．解析：a 考查不定冠词。

smile是可数名词，且在文中表泛指，故填a。

7．解析：me 考查代词。

设空处作短语make way for的宾语，应用宾格形式，故填me。

8．解析：to make 考查不定式作定语的用法。

chance后接带to的不定式作定语，因we与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to make。

9．解析：It 考查it的用法。

设空处是形式主语，真正的主语是to make way for others' happiness，故填It。

10．解析：who/that 考查关系代词。

设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰one(指人)，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。