2021届高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练五推理判断题_意图推断类含解析

专题能力提升练五推理判断题——意图推断类
A
[2020·郑州高三第一次质测]Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I'm brave.
My act of courage isn't much—I just stopped coloring my hair. I had brown hair that started going gray when I was 30. So, like a lot of women, I started dyeing (染) it. It was expensive and time­consuming. And my hair grows fast, so I needed to go back to the hair salon(美发厅) every 5 weeks.
Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible, giving others the impression that they don't have much wisdom or many accomplishments. But our hair starts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don't need to cover.
Of course, people should do what they want to do with their own body—my mother is 91 and still has“blonde” hair, and why not? I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves, because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.
I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like how it has got curly again. It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals. I also like that it has given me some needed attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important, while being against maturity. It reminds me that I'm not a kid anymore and this isn't a bad thing. Not being a kid anymore means I read the books I want, and not the books I feel I should read. It means not wasting my time at events I don't need to attend when I'd rather be with my family and friends.
When I see my hair in the mirror, it's a reminder that my time is limited, and I should spend it doing what matters. There's nothing shameful about growing older. And pretending it's not happening is a way of giving up our power.
I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛) against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it. I see gray hair as my “flag” and I'm letting it fly proudly.
1．How does the author feel about coloring hair?
A．It shows people's great courage.
B．It is a good way to hold onto youth.
C．It shows wisdom and accomplishments.
D．It costs much money and it takes much time to do that.
2．What should we do when we grow old according to the author?
A．Give up our power.
B．Pretend to be still young.
C．Accept it and act positively.
D．Read as many books as possible.
3．What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explain why youth is valued.
B．To share her opinion on growing older.
C．To stress the importance of different attitudes.
D．To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of aging.
4．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Holding onto Youth
B．Dyeing Your Hair
C．Gaining Value with Age
D．Valuing Wisdom of Age
B
[2020·威海市高考模拟] America's first transcontinental railroad, completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah, connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age. Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement, but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.
Between 1863 and 1869, as many as 20,000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad, a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad. At first, the Central Pacific Railroad's directors wanted a w hites­only workforce. When not enough white men signed up, the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking labor. Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work, but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.
Chinese workers cut through dense forests, filled deep narrow steep­sided valleys, constructed long trestles (高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls (挡土墙)—some of which remain complete and undamaged today. All work was done by hand using carts, shovels and picks but no machinery. However, progress came at great cost: an estimated 1,200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.
Despite these facts, Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners. On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday, the Chinese workers were still not honored. It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted. To celebrate the railroad's 150th anniversary in 2019, the California state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10, 2017, and every May 10 thereafter, as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.
5. What might be the best title for the text?
A．The Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost Dearly
B．May 10—A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants
C．Chinese Workers' Contributions Gained Recognition
D．The 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad
6．What does “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.
C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.
7．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3?
A．To prove Chinese workers' superior skills.
B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.
C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.
D．To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.
8．What does the text intend to tell us?
A．None so blind as those who won't see.
B．No pains, no gains.
C．Truth will come to light sooner or later.
D．Doing is better than saying.
C
[2020·山东省六地市部分学校高三联考] What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in
encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago, the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't­touch­what­you­can't­afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e­commerce) has o pened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e­shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks­and­mortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man­made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
9．What is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
A．A friendly assistant.
B．Unique scents.
C．Soft background music.
D．Attractive window display.
10．E­shops are mentioned in the text to__________.
A．show the advantages of brick­and­mortar stores
B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C．advise stores to use sights and sounds
D．introduce the rise of e­commerce
11．The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．a platform that exhibits goods
B．a spot where travelers like to stay
C．a place where customers love to go
D．a target that a store expects to meet
12．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To compare and evaluate.
B．To examine and assess.
C．To argue and discuss.
D．To inform and explain.
专题能力提升练五推理判断题——意图推断类
A
语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我——认识自我——重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧
【文章大意】文章开头作者叙述了自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经历，接着表达了自己对变老的看法。

作者认为染发浪费金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。

1．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据第二段，尤其是该段中的“It was expensive and time­consuming”可知，作者认为染发花费很多金钱且费时。

2．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。

根据第四段，尤其是最后一句“I just wish more of us would feel that it is OK to be ourselves, because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money”和第六段中的“I should spend it doing what matters”以及第七段的最后一句可推知，根据作者的观点，当我们变老时我们应该接受它并采取积极的行动。

3．答案与解析：B 考查写作意图。

本文作者首先叙述自己虽然头发变白但不再染发，从而受到别人的好评的经历，然后表达自己对变老的看法——染发浪费金钱和时间，追求自然、重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧才是重要的。

由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是分享她对变老的看法。

4．答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。

根据全文的内容，尤其是最后一段第一句“I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose value as they age，instead of gaining it”可知，D项“重视因年龄增长而带来的智慧”最适合作文章标题。

B
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——国际合作——中国工人对美国太平洋铁路建设的贡献
【文章大意】中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。

加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中国铁路工人所作的贡献。

5．答案与解析：C 考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。

故C项能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。

6．答案与解析：A 考查代词指代。

根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work”中的“new recruits'”以及上文中的“the railroad began hiring Chinese men”可知，they指代new recruits，也就是中国劳工，故选A。

7．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。

第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的“an estimated 1,200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad”可知，这一系列详细描述是为了强调工作的危险和艰难。

8．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。

综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于被认可。

None so blind as those who won't see意为“最瞎莫如视而不见”；No pains，no gains意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”；Truth will come to light sooner or later 意为“真相早晚会大白于世”；Doing is better than saying意为“行胜于言”。

故C项与文章主旨一致。

C
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——社会与生活——商店用香味吸引顾客
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了现在许多商店都在运用的一种新的方式——香味吸引顾客。

9．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。

A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance，via scent machines.(第三段第一句)译文：一家品牌店因其独特的香味而出名，这种香味由香氛机制造，飘过漆黑的大厅，一直飘到门口。

根据关键句和第二段最后一句中的“an increasing powerful tool”可知，一些品牌店成功的原因是店里有独特的味道。

故选B。

10．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。

But while e­shops can use sights and sounds，only bricks­and­mortar stores(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.(第五段第三句)译文：然而，虽然电子商店可以利用视觉和声音，但只有实体店才能提供从顾客进门到离开的完整体验。

根据关键句可知，电子商店无法用香味吸引顾客，实体店却可以。

由此可推知，作者在文中提到电子商店是为了显示实体商店的优势。

故选A。

11．答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。

根据第五段最后一句“And scent is just one way to achieve this.”和画线词所在句中的“much more than a shop，but rather”可知，实体商店通过种种方式努力让自己不只是个商店，还是人们愿意去的地方，气味是实现这一目标的一种方式。

由此可推知，destination应意为“人们愿意去的地方”。

故选C。

12．答案与解析：D 目的意图题。

文章主要介绍了现在许多商店都在运用的一种新的方式——香味吸引顾客，并解释了这样做的原因。

故选D。