英语--山东省泰安市2023届部分高三1月份期末检测

高三备考监测第二次联合考试
英语
考试时间：100 分钟试卷满分：120 分第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D 的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A
Picnic Shelter Reservations
Vancouver Parks and Recreation maintains four covered picnic shelters that are available for reservation at the following parks:
●Fisher Basin Community Park
●Leroy Haagen Memorial Park
●Marine Community Park
●Marshall Community Park
Picnic shelters are available to reserve between May 1 and September 30 each year. Reservations are for the entire day with a reservation fee of $100. When not reserved, shelters are available for free. Reserve a picnic shelter by calling 360-487-7100.
Shelter Reservation Cancellation Policy
If canceled one month or more before the rental date, 100% of the fee will be refunded. If canceled 1-4 weeks before the rental date, 75% of the fee will be refunded. No refunds will be granted if the reservation is canceled less than one week prior to the rental date.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is there a way to find out if an event is already scheduled at a park?
Yes. Contact Marshall Community Center at 360-487-7100 to find out about events taking place in our parks. Q: What facilities are included with a picnic shelter reservation?
Reservations include use of all picnic tables located within the shelter and electricity (there is no electricity at Marine Park). Playground facilities and restrooms will be shared with the public.
Park Use Permits
Depending on the type of event you’re hosting, you will need to get a Park Use Permit from Vancouver Parks and Recreation. A Park Use Permit gives you permission to bring special items and equipment into the park.
1.According to the passage, Vancouver picnic shelters .
A. don’t allow visitors to host events
B. are available to reserve all year round
C. can be used for free when not reserved
D. don’t offer picnic tables or electricity
2.If you cancel 3 weeks before the rental date, how much money will you get back?
A. $100.
B. $75.
C. $25.
D. 0.
3.Where is this passage most likely from?
A. A book review.
B. A news report.
C. A science journal.
D. A travel brochure.
B
Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences.
He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino (患白化病的) girl. “I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don’t see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that was my original intention—that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.”
Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.
One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there’s somebody who, like, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.”
Guidotti is traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. He says his tour is not about money; it’s about the message. “As I travel from community to community,I’m taking photographs and I’m empowering individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They’re seeing beauty in their reflection bu t I’m also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change—how you see, how you change.”
4.Why did Guidotti change his career?
A.Because he wanted to create his own company.
B.Because the beauty on covers of magazines is not beautiful.
C.Because he couldn’t earn enough money from his former career.
D.Because his comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl.
5.What can we know about Positive Exposure?
A.It makes the public more beautiful.
B.It brings a lot of money for Guidotti.
C.It welcomes differences in the world.
D.It makes photography more popular.
6.What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in Paragraph 4?
A.Jayne was beautiful indeed.
B.Jayne’s picture was more beautiful tha n herself.
C.It was unfair that nobody discovered Jayne’s beauty.
D.Photographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was.
7. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
E.We should travel frequently.
munities have a great influence on everyone.
G.We should make contributions to our community.
H.Your attitude to seeing the world decides your behavior.
C
Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).
There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers say that about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, and out-of-control consumerism.
We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.
In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.
Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.
The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because of our binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Without confidence in their strengths, Gandhi and Mother Teresa couldn’t have achi eved so much, and yet modesty and selflessness are their qualities.
When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, we fail to make the idea clear that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and ready to help others.
It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths.
8.Which of the following opinions may the writer agree with?
A. Strength-based parenting leads to narcissism.
B.It’s unhelpful for us to make our children feel good about themselves.
C.T o say all kids are potential narcissists is overstating the case.
D. Children who know their strengths tend to be more selfish and uncaring.
9. Why are teenagers’ strengths often co nsidered as narcissism?
I.There is a lack of narcissism in our common sense.
J.Academic journals report more on narcissism.
K.Many people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.
L.The general public has less access to strengths psychology.
10.What’s the author’s attitude towards young kids’ strength-based approaches?
A. Skeptical
B. Favorable.
C. Neutral.
D. Doubtful.
11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood
B. Teens’ Narcissism Diagnosis
C. Teens’ Strength-based Approach
D. Teens’ Psychology Research
D
What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard”or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science”and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.”It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as a rising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington desig ned an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual( 智力的)struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,”such as making mistakes while addressing a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance after-intervention, compared to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
12.Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists?
A. They lack interest in science.
B. They are short of confidence
C. They don’t have inborn talent.
D. They have no ability to study science
13. Wh at’s the purpose of the intervention?
M.T o introduce some inspirational stories to students.
N.T o expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
O.T o ensure students will become scientists in the future.
P.T o clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
14. The underlined word “pronounced” in the la st paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. minimal
B. noticeable
C. doubtful
D. long-lasting
15.What can we learn from the research?
A.Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B.Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C.Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’b eliefs.
D.Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分12.5 分))
阅读短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。

Learn to Cite Sources (引用资料)
Du ring your university education, you’ll be exposed to ideas and scientific theories of scholars and scientists. Unavoidably, your own ideas will be shaped by the ideas you come across. 16 That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library. Your original work is the bas is for your professor’s evaluation of your performance. Thus, academic honesty is fundamental in your university education. It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on. 17
Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish your own ideas from those of other scholars. On the readers’ side, it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research.18 On the contrary, lack of citing will only raise your reader’s doubt.
So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an adequate or accurate reference list. If you fail to cite your sources, whether deliberately or carelessly, you will be found responsible for plagiarism ( 抄袭) . 19 If you are not sure, ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report. Keep in mind this general rule: when in doubt, cite!
20 For example, students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research. Students in France, preparing for the final examination, may be encouraged to memorize whole passages and copy them into papers. Those cultural differences can lead to false assumptions about academic expectations in the country you study in.
A.Some university students may cheat in different ways.
B.These include other scholars’ ideas, figures, graphs and so on.
C.The academic challenge you face is to make something original.
D.Often, students want to use others’ opinions to support t heir own essays.
E.It also allows a reader to appreciate your original contribution to the r esearch.
F.For international students, it is important to know local academic e xpectations.
G. Not knowing academic regulations is an unacceptable excuse for such behavior
第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I used to watch her from my kitchen window when she played with boys on the playground. She seemed so small as she 21 her way through the crowd of boys. A sea of children, and yet to me, she 22 from them all. She 23 to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net and no one could stop her.
I began to notice her practicing dribbling (运球) and shooting alone over and over again, sometimes until dark. One day I asked her why she practiced so much. Without 24 , she said, “I want to play college basketball. My father told me if I was good enough, I would get a(n) 25 , which was the only way for me to go to college. My Daddy said if the dream was big enough, the facts didn’t 26 .”
One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head buried in her hands. I 27 her disappointment and I felt my own throat tighten. I sat down in the cool grass beside her and 28 asked wha t was wrong. “Oh, nothing,” came a soft 29 . “I am just too 30 .” The coach told her that at 5.5 feet she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team. She was heart broken.
But after a while, she 31 her head from her hands and told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just did not understand the 32 of a dream. He told her that if she really wanted to play for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, nothing could stop her except one thing – her own 33 .
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was seen by a college recruiter. She was indeed 34 a scholarship to a Division I, NCAA women’s basketball team and her dream came true. The words 35 in my ears again: If the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.
21. A. felt B. lost C. overlooked D. muscled
22. A. stood out B. came out C. figured out D. made out
23. A. intended B. managed C. expected D. pretended
24. A. satisfaction B. effort C. hesitation D. doubt
25. A. scholarship B. budget C. allowance D. reward
26. A. care B. count C. spread D. control
27. A. expressed B. touched C. sensed D. grasped
28. A. quietly B. eagerly C. initially D. generously
29. A. step B. reply C. relief D. sound
30. A. over-weighted B. tired C. disappointed D. short
31. A. nodded B. turned C. lifted D. shook
32. A. meaning B. weight C. power D. principle
33. A. habit B. attitude C. height D. interest
34. A. required B. obtained C. chosen D. offered
35. A. inspired B. received C. discovered D. rang
第二节：(共10 小题;每小题1.5 分，满分15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Human-wildlife conflict, 36 (refer) to direct interactions between humans and wildlife with negative outcomes, 37 (cost) the global economy billions of dollars annually. 38 (make)
matters worse , it threats human lives and causes many species to die out. These conflicts 39 (large) result from humans and wildlife seeking limited resources in the same landscapes and often have many unexpected consequences. Serious climate events can also bring about rapid changes in resource availability, 40 may drive strong responses in animals and people. The 41 in animals and people. The (compete) between the two grows tougher as a consequence. Droughts 42 particular have caused some of the most visible conflicts. Despite the gravity of these conflicts, climate change is making human-wildlife conflict even 43 (serious). With people and wildlife sharing crowded spaces and limited resources, human-wildlife conflict is rising in frequency. Many people, 44 , still haven’t really realized how c omplex and severe the problem is. Therefore, to protect wildlife and humans alike, it is vital 45 a wide range of research and institutions should consider the role of a changing climate in shaping the complex dynamics of conflict.
第三部分 写作(共两节 满分 40 分) 第一节(满分 15 分)
46. 假设你是学生会主席李华，你校将开展每天体育锻炼一小时的活动。

请你代表学生会写一封英文倡议书， 号召同学们积极参加体育锻炼。

内容包括：
1. 体育锻炼的重要性。

2. 学校提供的体育锻炼方式。

3. 发出倡议。

注意：1. 词数 80 左右 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分 25 分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A Midnight Rescue
It was not uncommon to carry out tasks at night as rescuers. Harry and David were
informed of their task when it was nearly midnight. It was urgent so there was no time to hesitate. They headed into the forest.
The forest was black and silent. A little way into it they reached a fork in the earth path. Harry and David took
t
h e
l
e
f
t
p
a
t
h
.
illegal hunters. Every now and then a ray of moonlight through the branches above lit a spot of scarlet （猩红的） blood on the fallen leaves. David saw that Harry looked very worried, asking, "Could Unicorn be hurt that badly?" Harry answered, "If we can't find it as soon as possible, it doesn't stand much chance to survive." Of course, Unicorn was not the animal in fairy tales but the nickname of a 3-year-old elephant, the last wild elephant in this forest. The nickname was given by the biodiversity rescuers who were protecting every member in this forest. They knew Unicorn was obedient and not afraid of human beings and that sometimes put it in danger. "Without it, the forest was not complete. Those illegal hunters should be thrown into prison." Harry thought, carrying his first aid kit （急救箱）on his back and walking forward with his flashlight.
It seemed that thick fog would come at any time, which would increase the danger. Harry hurried into the heart of the forest with David. They walked for nearly half an hour, deeper and deeper. There were blood splashes（血迹）on the roots of a tree, as though the poor creature had been struggling around in pain close by. "We must hurry up", said Harry.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:
However, it was really not easy for them to find it.
___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Without delay, Harry knelt down to do first aid on its wound with David holding the flashlight. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
高三备考监测第二次联合考试
英语参考答案
A
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。

本文主要介绍的是如何预定温哥华公园和娱乐中心的野餐庇护所，包括预定费用、取消预定政策、和常见问题等。

【1 题详解】细节理解题。

根据第一段“Vancouver Parks and Recreation mai ntains four covered picnic shelters that are available for reservation at the following parks. (温哥华公园和娱乐中心有四个带顶的野餐庇护所，可在以下公园预订。

)”和第二段倒数第二句“When not reserved, shelters are available for free. (如果没有预订，庇护所将免费使用。

)”可知，本文主要介绍的是温哥华公园和娱乐中心的野餐庇护所，如果这些庇护所没有被预订，可以被免费使用，由此可知，温哥华野餐庇护所未被预订时可免费使用。

故选C 项。

【2 题详解】细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Reservations are for the entire day with a reservation fee of $100.(预订是一整天的，预订费为100 美元。

)”可知，预订费为100 美元，根据Shelter Reservation Cancellation Policy 的第一句“If canceled 1-4 weeks before the rental date, 75% of the fee will be refunded. (如果在租赁日期前1—4 周取消，将退还75%的费用。

)”可知，如果在租赁日期前1—4 周取消预定，将退还75%的费用，也就是75 美元，由此可知，如果你在租赁日期前三周取消，你能拿回75 美元。

故选B 项。

【3 题详解】推理判断题。

通读文章，结合文章题目“Picnic Shelter Reservations (野餐庇护所预定)”可知，本文主要介绍的是如何预定野餐庇护所，通常在旅行或出门游玩时人们会进行野餐，由此可知，这篇文章与旅行和闲暇活动有关，最有可能出自一本旅行手册。

故选 D 项。

B
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是与一位白化病女孩的偶然相遇使Rick Guidotti 对美的看法发生了改变。

他放弃了时尚摄影师的职业生涯，将他的镜头转向那些在遗传、生理和行为方面有差异的人，并拍摄了一部名为《何为美》的纪录片来努力推动一个赞美不同和差异的世界。

【4 题详解】细节理解题。

根据第一段“Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences.(Rick Guidotti 放下了时尚摄影师的职业，把镜头转向了那些在基因、身体和行为上存在差异的人。

)”和第二段中的“He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino(患白化病的) girl.(他说，改变他对美的看法是与一个白化病女孩的一次偶遇。

)”可知，与白化病女孩的偶然相遇改变了他对美的看法，这件事使得他改变了自己的职业。

故选D。

【5 题详解】细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a
not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated.(Guidotti 创建了Positive Exposure，这是一个非营利性组织，通过摄影和视频改变公众的看法，促进一个尊重差异的世界。

)”可知，Positive Exposure 欢迎世界中的差异。

故选C。

【6 题详解】推理判断题。

根据第四段的“I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day. He took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there’s somebody who, like, really loves me and sees me for
who I am and who sees me more than my condition.(我从来不认为自己漂亮，因为没人这么说我，但遇见他是我人生中最深刻的时刻。

我记得那一天。

他给我拍了照片，我感觉很好，就
像有人真的爱我，看我是谁，看我比我的病情更重要。

)”可以推断出，照片让Jyane 对自己
有了正面的认识。

故选D。

【7 题详解】推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“All is based on the philosophy of change—how you see, how you change.(这一切都基于“改变”的哲学——你怎么看，你就怎么改变。

)”可知，作者通过这一段告诉读者，你看待世界的态度决定了你的行为。

故选D。

C
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇议论文。

一直以来，人们对个人优势和自恋两者之间认识不足，导致了对青少年的自信产生误解。

作者解释了对青少年的自信被误解为自恋的这一现象，及
其产生原因，并认为：以突出孩子们优势为基础的教养方式是有益的。

【8 题详解】推理判断题。

根据第三段“We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon, but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.(我们对这种现
象的担忧是正确的，但是我们担心所有的孩子都是潜在的自恋者，这对那些试图让孩子和青
少年自我感觉良好的方法造成了无益的反作用力。

)”以及最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that every young person is at risk of b ecoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths. (很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋狂的风险，但我想为与我共事
过的成千上万个关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使他们发挥了自己的长处。

)”可推知，作者认为不是所有孩子都是潜在的自恋者，这样的说法过于夸大事实。

故选
C 项。

【9 题详解】推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句“Genuine confidence about one’s strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration. (对自己实力的真正自信被归类为过度自信；合适的自我认识被认为是过度的自我欣赏。

)”，
以及第五段中的“Why does this occur? It’s partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and our daily life. (为什么会出现这
种情况？这在一定程度上是因为人们对自恋的了解多于对优点的了解。

虽然优势心理学在很
大程度上还停留在学术期刊的范围内，但对自恋的研究已经进入了大众媒体和我们的日常生活。

)”可知，青少年因优势产生的自信常常被误认为是自恋，是因为大众对自恋很熟悉，而
对优势心理学接触较少、相对陌生。

故选D 项。

【10 题详解】推理判断题。

根据第四段第一句“In my own research on strength-based parenting, it is common for people to wrongly think this approach to be the cause of narcissism. (在我自己对基于优势的教养方式的研究中，人们普遍错误地认为这种方式是自恋的原因)”可知，人们认为基于优势的育儿方式会导致孩子自恋，但其实他们是错误的；根据最后一段“It’s easy to conclude that ever y young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousa nds of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths. (很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋狂的风险，但我想为与我共事过的成千上万个关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使他们发挥了自己的长处。

)”可推知，在研究基于优势的教养方式中，看到了成千上万个关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊的孩子们，说明这个教养方式是可行的，不能把孩子自恋贵就在这种育儿方式上，故作者很赞成基于优势的教养方式。

故选B 项。

【11 题详解】主旨大意题。

根据第一段“Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many
of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky and misunderstood overlap between
strength-based science and the research on narcissism. (心理科学充满了有趣的话题，其中许多都连贯地描述了人性，但有些则创造了看似矛盾的故事。

其中一例是，在基于优点的心理科学与自恋研究之间存在微妙而被误解的重叠部分。

)”，文章接下来对青少年的自信被误解这一现象及原因的详细阐述可知，文章主要介绍了青少年的自信被误解这一现象以及产生的
原因。

再结合最后一段“It’s easy to conc lude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I’d like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths. (人们很容易得出这样的结论：每个年轻人都有成为自恋狂的风险，但我想为与我共事过的成千上万个关心他人、体贴他人、谦逊的孩子们说话——即使他们发挥了自己的长处。

)”可知，D 选项“Teens’ Confidence Misunderstood (被误解的青少年的自信)”能够概括全文，适合作本文的标题。

故选A 项。

D
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。

为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。

【12 题详解】推理判断题。

根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。

他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。

)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。

故选B 项。

【13 题详解】推理判断题。

根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ bel iefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能
力而不是努力的观念。

)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们是如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以澄清学生对科学工作的误解。

故选 D 项。

【14 题详解】词义猜测题。

分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. (对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“明显的，显著的”含义，与选项B“noticeable(显而易见的)”含义相同。

故选B 项。

【15 题详解】推理判断题。

根据文章末尾内容“By recogni zing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize (共情) with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过认识科学家的奋斗，并介绍他或她在完成伟大工作时所运用的成长心态，学生们能够在科学家的奋斗过程中感同。