英语语法:替代ppt课件
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Here is the fruit. Would you like some? 而不可以说:
Here is the fruit. Would you like one? 替代词one的这种用法与人称代词的用法仍然有
所不同。前者泛指同类事物中的一个,而人称代词 则是具体指代某个同一的对象。试比较:
I want a TV set, but I can’t afford to buy one
want to go back to my own one.
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(5)替代词如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既 没有限定词也没有形容词时,便不是替代名词中心 词而是替代整个名词词组。例如:
The question is one (= a question) of a great importance.
Compare this picture with the one painted by your brother.
也可以是副词、介词词组或关系分句。例如:
This room and the one upstairs are well furnished.
I’ll read this book as soon as I finish the one I’m reading.
I don’t like this book. I’d like a more interesting one.
I’d like to have some big apples instead of small ones.
在上述第一例中,one虽然等于book,但“这本 书”和“更有趣味的书”显然不是同一对象:同样 地,第二例中的ones虽然等于apples,但“小苹果” 和“大苹果”所指也并非一物。其所以所指对象不 同是因为替代词one/ ones通常带有表示对比含义的 修饰语。
I’ll have the same without the fried. A: I’d like a cup of tea. B: I’d like the same with milk but without sugar.
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规章等正式文体中,替代词the same有时也可以和 它所替代的词语共同指一个对象。例如:
A: If only I could remember where it was that I saw someone putting away the box with those candles in, I could finish the decorations now.
B: You mean the little colored ones.
替代词one/ ones在形容词比较级、最高级以 及某些限定词如this, which,序数词等之后可以 省略。例如:
I want the fifth volume, not the fourth (one).
If I miss the 9:15 train, I’ll catch the next (one).
替代词the same在一定搭配中可以替代一个名词性 分句所表示的事实。例如:
A: John thought it was impossible.
B: Yes, I thought the same. (= that it was impossible) 有时,the same所替代的仅是某个分句所表示的基 本事实,细节略有变更。例如:
替代词one/ ones所带的修饰语可以前置,也可以 后置。前置修饰语一般是限定词和形容词,通常带 有重音,表示对比含义。例如:
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I prefer an old coat to a new one.
The new building was a four-story one. 当替代词one/ ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前 面总有定冠词,这种后置修饰语可以是形容词词 组或者非限定分句。例如:
(= a TV set).
I want this TV set, but I can’t afford to buy it
(= this TV set).
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上述第一例如果改用it便是病句。
* I want a TV set, but I can’t afford to buy it. 因为it和它所代替的名词词组所指为同一对象, 应带定冠词或其他特指限定词,但上文的名词词 组没有特指意义,因而只能用one,不能用it。 要注意区别替代名词词组的one,替代名词词组 中心词的one和数词one。试比较:
*This is my house and that’s Peter’s one. 可以说:
I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I want to go back to my own
不可以说:
*I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I
There are good films as well as bad ones. (ones = films)
They sent us a lot of small apples instead of big
ones. (ones = apples)
如果名词词组中心词是不可数名词,就不 能用one/ ones替代,要避免重复,通常采用名词 性省略:
One should do one’s / his duty.
If one wants to know a thing, one/ he ought to come into contact with it.
One can’t be too careful, can one/ he?
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带后置修饰语的替代词one/ ones也常见于比 较分句中。例如:
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.
I like this picture better than the one you showed me yesterday.
替代
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导语
替代(Substitution)和省略一样,也是一 种避免重复和连接上下文的手段。替代 包括名 词性替代 (Nominal substitution)、动词性替代 (Verbal substitution) 和 分 句 性 替 代 (Clausal substitution)。因此有三种替代词:名词替代词、 动词替代词和分句替代词。
Compare the new edition with the old ones. 3)替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中 心词在句法功能上也可能不一致。例如:
Do you see those gentlemen over there? The one with grey hair is my father.
Here are a few apples. Would you like some (= some
of them)?
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因此不可以说:
*Here are a few apples. Would you like ones ? 替代词one不带前置修饰语时,同样也不可以替
代不可数名词。例如可以说:
在上述第一例中,被替代的gentlemen在句中
作宾语,而替代词one在句中作主语。在第二例
中,被替代在句中作介词宾语,而替代词ones则
是动词宾语。
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4)替代词one/ ones一般带有修饰语,它们和所替代 的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词 one/ ones用法上一个重要特征。例如:
If you want a friend, you’ll find one (= a friend) in me.
由上述诸例可以看护粗,替代词one的这种用法 是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当于不定冠词, 因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数的事物,只能用 some。试比较:
Here are a few apples. Would you like one (= an apple)?
The society shall keep minutes of its proceedings, which shall be available for public inspection. From time to time it shall publish the same.
在这里,the same = the minutes of its proceedings, 所指之物相同。
而 是 替 代 在 上 文 作 宾 语 的 整 个 名 词 词 组 two poached eggs on toast,当然不可能共指第一个 说话人所要的那份荷包蛋土司。
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替代词the same一般不可以再带有修饰语,但 可以带有表示保留或条件的后置修饰语。例如: A: I’ll have two poached eggs on toast, please. B: I’ll have the same but fried.
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We can trust Caroline. I wish I could say the same of her husband. (= that we can trust her husband)
13
1. B 其他名词替代词
1)替代词the same的用法 the same可用作整个名词词组的替代词,通
常指物,但与它所替代的名词词组并非指同一 对象。例如:
A: I’ll have two poached eggs on toast, please.
B: I’ll have the same. 在这里,the same并非表示the same eggs,
12
(在这里,重音落在red上,one不重读,替代名词词 组中心词。)
You can have one; give the rest to your little brother.
(这句的one要重读,它是数词,表示“一个”。)
还要注意区别替代词one与不定人称代词one。如前 所述,不定人称代词one泛指“人”,相当于any person (包括说话人和对方在内),只有单数形式,也不带修 饰语,通常单独使用,构成名词词组,只作句子的主语, 并有属格one’s和反身形式oneself。one的这种用法与替 代词one在意义上是完全不同的。例如:
A: Can I have those apples?
B: You have already got one (= an apple). (在这里,重音落在got上,one不重读,如果
重读便成为数词。)
You’ve already got a red one(= an apple).
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We prefer green tea to black (tea).
I like fresh candy better than stale (candy).
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2)替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中 心词的“数”可以不一致。例如:
I prefer the big bottle to the small ones.
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1. 名词性替代
用替代词取代名词词组或名词词 组中心词这一语法现象叫名词性替代。 名词替代词主要为one/ ones, 还有the same, the kind, the sort等。
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1. A 替代词one/ ones的用法
1)替代词one/ ones只能替代单数/复数可数名 词。例如:
The second chapter is much longer than the first (onenes通常不用在名词属格之后, 也不用在形容词性物主代词+ own之后。例如可 以说:
This is my house and that’s Peter’s. 不可以说:
Here is the fruit. Would you like one? 替代词one的这种用法与人称代词的用法仍然有
所不同。前者泛指同类事物中的一个,而人称代词 则是具体指代某个同一的对象。试比较:
I want a TV set, but I can’t afford to buy one
want to go back to my own one.
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9
(5)替代词如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既 没有限定词也没有形容词时,便不是替代名词中心 词而是替代整个名词词组。例如:
The question is one (= a question) of a great importance.
Compare this picture with the one painted by your brother.
也可以是副词、介词词组或关系分句。例如:
This room and the one upstairs are well furnished.
I’ll read this book as soon as I finish the one I’m reading.
I don’t like this book. I’d like a more interesting one.
I’d like to have some big apples instead of small ones.
在上述第一例中,one虽然等于book,但“这本 书”和“更有趣味的书”显然不是同一对象:同样 地,第二例中的ones虽然等于apples,但“小苹果” 和“大苹果”所指也并非一物。其所以所指对象不 同是因为替代词one/ ones通常带有表示对比含义的 修饰语。
I’ll have the same without the fried. A: I’d like a cup of tea. B: I’d like the same with milk but without sugar.
最新版整理ppt
15
规章等正式文体中,替代词the same有时也可以和 它所替代的词语共同指一个对象。例如:
A: If only I could remember where it was that I saw someone putting away the box with those candles in, I could finish the decorations now.
B: You mean the little colored ones.
替代词one/ ones在形容词比较级、最高级以 及某些限定词如this, which,序数词等之后可以 省略。例如:
I want the fifth volume, not the fourth (one).
If I miss the 9:15 train, I’ll catch the next (one).
替代词the same在一定搭配中可以替代一个名词性 分句所表示的事实。例如:
A: John thought it was impossible.
B: Yes, I thought the same. (= that it was impossible) 有时,the same所替代的仅是某个分句所表示的基 本事实,细节略有变更。例如:
替代词one/ ones所带的修饰语可以前置,也可以 后置。前置修饰语一般是限定词和形容词,通常带 有重音,表示对比含义。例如:
最新版整理ppt
6
I prefer an old coat to a new one.
The new building was a four-story one. 当替代词one/ ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前 面总有定冠词,这种后置修饰语可以是形容词词 组或者非限定分句。例如:
(= a TV set).
I want this TV set, but I can’t afford to buy it
(= this TV set).
最新版整理ppt
11
上述第一例如果改用it便是病句。
* I want a TV set, but I can’t afford to buy it. 因为it和它所代替的名词词组所指为同一对象, 应带定冠词或其他特指限定词,但上文的名词词 组没有特指意义,因而只能用one,不能用it。 要注意区别替代名词词组的one,替代名词词组 中心词的one和数词one。试比较:
*This is my house and that’s Peter’s one. 可以说:
I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I want to go back to my own
不可以说:
*I don’t like to live long in a foreign country; I
There are good films as well as bad ones. (ones = films)
They sent us a lot of small apples instead of big
ones. (ones = apples)
如果名词词组中心词是不可数名词,就不 能用one/ ones替代,要避免重复,通常采用名词 性省略:
One should do one’s / his duty.
If one wants to know a thing, one/ he ought to come into contact with it.
One can’t be too careful, can one/ he?
最新版整理ppt
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带后置修饰语的替代词one/ ones也常见于比 较分句中。例如:
Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.
I like this picture better than the one you showed me yesterday.
替代
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1
导语
替代(Substitution)和省略一样,也是一 种避免重复和连接上下文的手段。替代 包括名 词性替代 (Nominal substitution)、动词性替代 (Verbal substitution) 和 分 句 性 替 代 (Clausal substitution)。因此有三种替代词:名词替代词、 动词替代词和分句替代词。
Compare the new edition with the old ones. 3)替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中 心词在句法功能上也可能不一致。例如:
Do you see those gentlemen over there? The one with grey hair is my father.
Here are a few apples. Would you like some (= some
of them)?
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10
因此不可以说:
*Here are a few apples. Would you like ones ? 替代词one不带前置修饰语时,同样也不可以替
代不可数名词。例如可以说:
在上述第一例中,被替代的gentlemen在句中
作宾语,而替代词one在句中作主语。在第二例
中,被替代在句中作介词宾语,而替代词ones则
是动词宾语。
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5
4)替代词one/ ones一般带有修饰语,它们和所替代 的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词 one/ ones用法上一个重要特征。例如:
If you want a friend, you’ll find one (= a friend) in me.
由上述诸例可以看护粗,替代词one的这种用法 是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当于不定冠词, 因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数的事物,只能用 some。试比较:
Here are a few apples. Would you like one (= an apple)?
The society shall keep minutes of its proceedings, which shall be available for public inspection. From time to time it shall publish the same.
在这里,the same = the minutes of its proceedings, 所指之物相同。
而 是 替 代 在 上 文 作 宾 语 的 整 个 名 词 词 组 two poached eggs on toast,当然不可能共指第一个 说话人所要的那份荷包蛋土司。
最新版整理ppt
14
替代词the same一般不可以再带有修饰语,但 可以带有表示保留或条件的后置修饰语。例如: A: I’ll have two poached eggs on toast, please. B: I’ll have the same but fried.
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We can trust Caroline. I wish I could say the same of her husband. (= that we can trust her husband)
13
1. B 其他名词替代词
1)替代词the same的用法 the same可用作整个名词词组的替代词,通
常指物,但与它所替代的名词词组并非指同一 对象。例如:
A: I’ll have two poached eggs on toast, please.
B: I’ll have the same. 在这里,the same并非表示the same eggs,
12
(在这里,重音落在red上,one不重读,替代名词词 组中心词。)
You can have one; give the rest to your little brother.
(这句的one要重读,它是数词,表示“一个”。)
还要注意区别替代词one与不定人称代词one。如前 所述,不定人称代词one泛指“人”,相当于any person (包括说话人和对方在内),只有单数形式,也不带修 饰语,通常单独使用,构成名词词组,只作句子的主语, 并有属格one’s和反身形式oneself。one的这种用法与替 代词one在意义上是完全不同的。例如:
A: Can I have those apples?
B: You have already got one (= an apple). (在这里,重音落在got上,one不重读,如果
重读便成为数词。)
You’ve already got a red one(= an apple).
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We prefer green tea to black (tea).
I like fresh candy better than stale (candy).
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4
2)替代词one/ ones和它们所替代的名词词组中 心词的“数”可以不一致。例如:
I prefer the big bottle to the small ones.
最新版整理ppt
2
1. 名词性替代
用替代词取代名词词组或名词词 组中心词这一语法现象叫名词性替代。 名词替代词主要为one/ ones, 还有the same, the kind, the sort等。
最新版整理ppt
3
1. A 替代词one/ ones的用法
1)替代词one/ ones只能替代单数/复数可数名 词。例如:
The second chapter is much longer than the first (onenes通常不用在名词属格之后, 也不用在形容词性物主代词+ own之后。例如可 以说:
This is my house and that’s Peter’s. 不可以说: