江苏省南通中学2020届高三阶段测试(四)英语试题含解析

高三英语阶段测试（四）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共85分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a zoo.
B. In a library.
C. In a drugstore.
2. What will the man do next?
A. Change some money.
B. Take the food home.
C. Sit and eat his meal.
3. What does the woman suggest?
A. Buying a computer.
B. Hiring an assistant.
C. Starting a business.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The weather.
B. The scenery.
C. The traffic.
5. When did the man see the film?
A. On Wednesday.
B. On Thursday.
C. On Saturday.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Who is the newcomer?
A. David Cook.
B. Joey Sanders.
C. Liam Neeson.
7. What is the newcomer’s position in the company?
A. He is a film director.
B. He is a program manager.
C. He is a department head.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. What does the woman do?
A. She’s a secretary.
B. She’s a hotel maid.
C. She’s a salesperson.
9. What is the man going to do?
A. Change the sheets.
B. Have breakfast.
C. Meet his friends.
10. What does the man ask the woman to do at the end of the conversation?
A. Take the plate away.
B. Bring some towels.
C. Turn on the light.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. Why does Jessica make the call?
A. To look for her passport.
B. To apply for a credit card.
C. To ask for the manager.
12. Where will Jessica go right after the phone call?
A. The bank.
B. Her home.
C. The supermarket.
13. How does the man sound?
A. Helpful.
B. Nervous.
C. Surprised.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14. What is the man doing?
A. Placing an order.
B. Selling insurance.
C. Conducting an interview.
15. What did Leaney study for a degree?
A. Finance.
B. Education.
C. Public Relations.
16. What is an advantage of a smaller business according to Leaney?
A. Greater contributions to the neighborhood.
B. Closer employer-employee relationship.
C. More flexibility in providing services.
17. What is Leaney’s plan for the next two weeks?
A. To visit her parents.
B. To call her relatives.
C. To finish her work. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18. What is the purpose of the talk?
A. To present a prize.
B. To introduce a lecturer.
C. To recommend a book.
19. Where is Russel working now?
A. In Oxford.
B. In Chicago.
C. In Virginia.
20. What does Russel think of sleep?
A. It’s seldom studied.
B. It’s just a waste of time.
C. It’s of great
importance.
第二部分：英语基础知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1.Having retired from business, he now ________ himself with the welfare of the disabled and lives a meaningful life.
A. associates
B. occupies
C. charges
D. equips 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。

句意：退休后，他忙于为残疾人谋福利，过着有意义的生活。

A. associates联系；
B. occupies占据；
C. charges指控；
D. equips装备，配备。

此处为短语occupy oneself with表示“从事与……，忙于……”。

故选B。

2.-So you ________ the accident?
-Yes. I was waiting for the bus across the street.
A. witnessed
B. have been witnessing
C. would witness
D. had witnessed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。

句意：——这么说你亲眼看到了这场事故？——是的。

我当时正在马路对面等公交车。

根据后文I was waiting for the bus across the street.可知，事故发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

故选A。

3.The society can remain good as long as we are willing to fight for it—and to fight against whatever imperfections ________ exist.
A. shall
B. may
C. should
D. would 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。

句意：只要我们愿意为这个社会努力，愿意与所存在的缺陷抗争到底，这个社会就能永远美好。

句中情态动词may意为“可能”，表示推测，语意较弱。

根据句意，故B项正确。

4.The European members are afraid that the new deal will upset the _______ balance
of political interests.
A. ambitious
B. arbitrary
C. delicate
D. compulsory
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词辨析。

句意：欧洲成员们担心这个新的交易会打破脆弱的政治利益的平衡。

A. ambitious雄心的；有抱负的； B. arbitrary随意的，专制的； C. delicate脆弱的； D. compulsory强制的；义务的；根据句意可知C项正确。

5.They _______ the business deal in less than an hour, after which they had a golf game.
A. wrapped up
B. picked up
C. called up
D. took up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：他们在不到一个小时的时间里达成了这笔生意，之后他们打了一场高尔夫球。

A. wrapped up达成；B. picked up拾起；C. called up打电话给；召集；D. took up从事于。

由“ business deal”可知，wrapped up“达成”符合语境。

故A选项正确。

6.The popularity of government posts has dropped in recent years, though the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese as they offer a _______ stable career.
A. relatively
B. regularly
C. roughly
D. rigidly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。

句意：近年来，政府职位的受欢迎程度有所下降，但公务员的职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为它们提供了相对稳定的职业。

A. relatively相对地；B. regularly规则地；C. roughly 粗略地；D. rigidly僵直地。

由“ the ci vil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese”可知，公务员职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为与其它工作相比，它们提供了相对稳定的职业。

故A选项正确。

7.Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that
kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done
B. need have done
C. would have done
D. must have done
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。

句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。

A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。

由“in the old days”可知，本句表示对过去事情的假设。

故选C项。

8.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _________ you think your real interests lie.
A. that
B. what
C. where
D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
考查宾语从句。

句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的名单。

此处由where引导的宾语从句，作为介词of的宾语，同时where在宾语从句中做地点状语。

故选C。

9. Scientists generally agree that Earth's climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years __________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.
A. as long as
B. as much as
C. as soon as
D. as well as
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查副词辨析。

句意：科学家普遍认为，在未来的50年到100年间，气候将要变暖，其幅度相当于自冰川期至现在2万年间的气候变化。

A.as long as和……一样长；B.as much as和……一样多；C.as soon as一……就……；D.as well as和……一样好。

这是一个表示同级比较
的比较状语从句，因比较的对象是上升的温度，所以B项最佳。

10.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children _______ some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.
A. why
B. who
C. which
D. where 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意：最新公布的数据显示，科技在儿童中的使用有所增加，一些人担心这正在改变儿童的天性。

_______ some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.是一个定语从句，先行词an increase in technology use ，some worry是插入语，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故选C。

【点睛】定语从句的考查要从句子成分分析开始，如果句子很完整，就使用关系副词，如果句子中缺少主语、宾语和定语，就用关系代词。

这道题目的难点在于分析出some worry是插入语，应该先去掉不看，结构就清晰了。

11.In the film, the actor threw himself off the horse as if ______to death.
A. shot
B. shooting
C. to be shot
D. having shot
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。

句意：在影片中，这位演员把自己从马背上摔了下来，仿佛被枪杀了。

as if后面也可接分词，形成省略现象，与主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与主语是被动关系，用过去分词。

shoot和逻辑主语the actor是被动关系。

as if后接过去分词，表示被动与完成。

故选A。

12.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you’ll see one small step that started it all.
A. reputation
B. expectation
C. recreation
D. foundation
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：每一个伟大的成就都依赖于它之前所有的根基；当你追溯它的时候，你会看到是从一个小的步骤开始的。

A. reputation名声，声望；B. expectation期待，预期；C. recreation娱乐，消遣；D. foundation基础。

根据句意，此处表达的是每一项伟大的成就都依赖于之前所有的根基。

故选D。

13.Member consumers of our store can enjoy some discounts _______ their membership cards when shopping.
A. in celebration of
B. with reference to
C. on presentation of
D. for submission to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。

句意：本店会员消费时出示会员卡可享受一定的折扣。

A. in celebration of为庆祝；B. with reference to关于；C. on presentation of 展示；D. for submission to提交给。

根据句意可知此处表示“展示、出示”，故C项正确。

14.—That's the third time you've done that!
—Yeah, _____?
A. what of it
B. what’s on
C. what about
D. what for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。

句意：——这是你第三次这么做了!——是啊，那又怎么样？A. what of it那又怎么样；B. what’s on发生什么事了； C. what about怎么样；D. what for为何目的。

结合句意可知，答案为A。

15.－What about inviting Tracy to host the party?
－Good idea! She is very quick in mind. Oh, _______, here she comes.
A. don’t pull my leg
B. a little bird told me
C. speak of the devil
D. it’s a piece of cake
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯表达辨析。

句意：——邀请Tracy来主持派对怎么样？——好主意！她头
脑敏捷。

说曹操，曹操到。

A. don’t pull my leg别跟我开玩笑；B. a little bird told me 有人私下告诉我；C. speak of the devil说曹操，曹操就到；D. it’s a piece of cake 小菜一碟。

由“here she comes”可知，speak of the devil“说曹操，曹操就到”符合语境。

故C选项正确。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I walked with my friend to the newsstand the other night, and he bought a paper, thanking the newspaper seller politely. The seller didn’t even ____16____ it.
“A dull fellow, isn’t he?” I commented.
“Oh, he is that way every night,” shrugged my friend.
“Then why do you cont inue to be so ____17____ to him?” I asked.
“Why not?” inquired my friend. “Why should I let him ____18____ how I am going to act?”
As I thought about this incident later, it occurred to me that the ____19____ word was “ACT”. My friend acts toward peopl e, but most of us react toward people.
He has a sense of inner balance which is ____20____ in most of us; he knows who he is, what he stands for, how he should ____21____ . He refuses to return impoliteness for impoliteness, ____22____ then he would no longer control himself.
When we are instructed in the Bible to return good for evil, we look on this as a(n) ____23____ command. But it is also a psychological prescription for our emotional health.
Nobody is ____24____ than the forever reactor. His center of emotional gravity is not rooted ____25____ himself, where it belongs, but in the world outside him. His spiritual ____26____ is always being raised or lowered by the ____27____ climate around him, and he is a mere creature under the control of these ____28____ .
Praise gives him a feeling of excitement, which is ____29____ , because it doesn’t last and it doesn’t come from self approval. Criticism ____30____ him more than it should, because it ____31____ his lack of confidence. Being ignored hurt him, and the least suspicion of unpopularity in an place brings him _____32_____ .
A peace of spirit can’t be achieved until we become the ____33____ of our own actions and attitudes. To let another determine our feelings is to give up ____34____ over our own personalities, which are essentially all we ____35____ . The only true possession is self-possession.
16. A. sense B. catch C. repeat D. acknowledge
17. A. helpful B. polite C. generous D. gentle
18. A. decide B. know C. choose D. show
19. A. necessary B. useful C. important D. common
20. A. growing B. lying C. filling D. lacking
21. A. behave B. reply C. live D. react
22. A. and B. for C. but D. while
23. A. cultural B. natural C. emotional D. moral
24. A. unluckier B. unhappier C. stronger D. brighter
25. A. within B. without C. upon D. below
26. A. decision B. attitude C. temperature D. manners
27. A. social B. political C. physical D. economic
28. A. facts B. details C. elements D. instructions
29. A. effective B. false C. different D. meaningful
30. A. surprise B. excites C. disappoints D. encourages
31. A. starts B. ends C. confirms D. cures
32. A. influences B. comfort C. pleasure D. bitterness
33. A. masters B. reporters C. admirers D.
inventors
34. A. advantage B. improvement C. interest D. control
35. A. appreciated B. possess C. learn D. expect
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24.
B 25. A 26.
C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32.
D 33. A
34. D 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

文章通过作者和朋友买报纸遇到的情况，引发了对人生的思考：是应
该主动回应还是被动地作出反应呢？
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：卖家甚至置若罔闻。

A. sense感觉；B. catch抓住；C. repeat
重复；D. acknowledge告知已收到；答谢；回应。

结合上文作者的朋友向卖报者表达感谢可知，但是卖报者没有回应朋友。

acknowledge有“回应”的含义。

故选D。

【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：“那你为什么还要对他那么客气呢？”我问。

A. helpful有帮
助的；B. polite客气的，礼貌的；C. generous大方的；D. gentle温和的。

根据上文thanking the newspaper seller politely可知此处指朋友对卖报的人非常客气。

故选B。

【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：“我为什么要让他来决定我该怎么做呢?”A. decide决定；B. know
知道；C. choose选择；D. show展示。

根据最后一段To let another determine our feelings
可知，此处为首尾呼应，需要一个determine的同义词“decide”。

故选A。

【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：后来，我反复思索这件小事，我突然想到最重要的词是“主动
做出反应”。

A. necessary必要的；B. useful有用的；C. important重要的；D. common
普通的。

根据后文“ACT”可知act一词大写表示强调，说明很重要。

故选C。

【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他有一种内在的平衡感，这是我们大多数人所缺乏的；他了解自我，明确自己的立场，通晓处世之道。

A. growing生长；B. lying撒谎；C. filling填充；D. lacking缺少。

此处考查短语be lacking in表示“缺少，缺乏”。

故选D。

【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意同上。

A. behave举止端庄；B. reply回答；C. live生活；D. react
反应。

根据上文word was “ACT”可知此处指的是他知道如何举止端庄（通晓处世之道）。

故
选A。

【22题详解】
考查连词辨析。

句意：他拒绝以怨还怨，因为他知道那样他会不再是自己的主宰了。

A. and 并且；B. for因为；C. but但是；D. while当……时候。

根据上下文语境可知，此处为原因状语从句，表示“因为”故用for引导。

故选B。

【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：当我们在圣经中被教导以德报怨时，我们视其为一种道德规范。

A. cultural文化的；
B. natural自然的；
C. emotional情绪的；
D. moral道德的。

根据上文return good for evil可知这属于道德方面的规范。

故选D。

【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：一味被动回应的人最不容易快乐。

A. unluckier更不幸运的；
B. unhappier更不快乐的；
C. stronger更强壮的；
D. brighter更亮的。

此处为“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义，既然是被动者的回应，此处倾向于贬义词，故选择unhappier，表示：被动者总是不开心的。

故选B。

【25题详解】
考查介词辨析。

句意：他情感的重心随外界转移，而非根植于自己的内心世界他的情感重心。

A. within在……里面；
B. without没有；
C. upon在……之上；
D. below在……下面。

与下文的outside相对，此处考查固定短语be rooted within表示“根深蒂固于，扎根于”。

故选A。

【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：他的情绪随周围的社会风尚变迁，成了受这些因素摆布的可怜虫。

A. decision决定；
B. attitude态度；
C. temperature温度；
D. manners礼貌。

根据后文climate around him可知此处指的是精神温度。

故选C。

【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意同上。

A. social社会的；B. political政治的；C. physical物理的；D. economic经济的。

根据上文in the world outside him可知外界可以影响他，外界的影响即social climate。

故选A。

【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意同上。

A. facts事实；B. details细节；C. elements因素，要素；
D. instructions说明。

这里表示他收到外界环境摆布，说明他容易受到周围的社会风尚变
迁等因素影响。

故选C。

【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：称赞并不能给他带来真正的快乐，因为这种快乐不持久也不来源于自我认可。

A. effective有效的；B. false不真实的；错误的；C. different不同的；
D. meaningful有意义的。

根据后文because it doesn't last and it doesn’t come from self approval.可知,称赞给他的是一种不真实的快乐。

故选B。

【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：批评会使他过度失望，因为他的不自信得到了证实。

A. surprise 使惊奇；B. excites使兴奋；C. disappoints使失望；D. encourages鼓励。

上文提到赞美给他兴奋感，那么批评相对应的会让他失望。

故选C。

【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：批评让他失望，因为他的不自信得到了证实。

A. starts开始；B. ends结束；C. confirms证实，确认；D. cures治愈。

结合后文his lack of confidence.可知批评证实了他的不自信。

其它选项不符合语境。

故选C。

【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：冷落伤害了他，一丁点的怠慢都会给他带来痛苦。

A. influences 影响；B. comfort安慰；C. pleasure快乐；D. bitterness苦难，痛苦。

根据上文the least suspicion of unpopularity in a place brings him可知都是消极词汇，再结合句意可知此处选择bitterness最符合语境。

故选D。

【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：只有当我们成为自己行为和态度的主人时，我们才能获得心灵的平静。

A. masters主人；B. reporters记者；C. admirers爱慕者；D. inventors发明家。

文章出现的两个高频词control和command都提到了学会自我控制，所以此处指做自己行为和态度的主人。

故选A。

【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：让别人来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，而人格本质上就是我们所拥有的一切。

A. advantage优势；B. improvement改善；C. interest 兴趣；D. control控制。

让别人来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，此题为文章中的原词，与上一题相呼应。

故选D。

【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：让别人来决定我们的感受，其实就是放弃对我们的人格的控制，而人格本质上就是我们所拥有的一切。

A. appreciated欣赏；B. possess拥有；C. learn学习；D. expect期待。

根据后文The only true possession is self-possession.可知后面提到的真正拥有东西就是对自我的控制，possession是关键词。

故选B。

【点睛】完形填空对熟词生义的考查是完形的一大难点，如第一小题，句意：卖家甚至置若罔闻。

A. sense感觉；B. catch抓住；C. repeat重复；D. acknowledge答谢，回应。

结合上文作者的朋友向卖报者表达感谢，但是卖报者没有回应朋友的感谢。

很多学生只知道acknowledge有“承认”的意思，但在此处acknowledge有“回复，告知收到”的含义。

故选D。

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love
during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St.
212-719-1300.)
36. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A. A type of art.
B. A teenager’s studio.
C. A great teacher.
D. A group of animals. 37. Who is the director of The Audience? A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan. C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry. 38. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience. C. Hamilton. D. O n the Twentieth Century. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 【解析】这是一篇应用文。

介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间，地点等信息。

【36题详解】细节理解题。

根据话剧Animals Out of Paper中的Productions and the Great Griffon present
the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。

故选A。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

根据话剧The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry 导演的。

故选D。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据音乐剧Hamilton的Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，该剧的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部音乐剧。

故选C。

B
At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.
This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually "die of old age", and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.
Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out".
Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学) (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could,at
one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.
39. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. Our first twelve years represent the peak of human development.
B. People usually are unhappy when reminded of ageing.
C. Normally only a few of us can live to the eighties and nineties.
D. People are usually less likely to die at twelve years old.
40. The word "it" in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to .
A. remaining alive until 65.
B. remaining alive after 80.
C. dying before 65 or after 80.
D. dying between 65 and 80.
41. What do the examples of watch show?
A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.
B. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.
C. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.
D. Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.
【答案】39. A 40. B 41. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文围绕“衰老”这一话题展开论述，指出了人体生命力变化的抛物线趋势，12岁最旺盛，人类的衰老不可抗拒，人类的衰老和机械装置的衰老过程有很大区别。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence;可知人在十二岁的时候，身体最旺盛。

但它还没有达到最大和最强力量，还没
有达到全部智力发展高峰。

A项错误，故选A。

【40题详解】
猜测词义题。

根据第二段中Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.可知一些人去世较早，少数人能活到90多岁到100岁。

根据句中but和下文我们希望存活的时间实际上是有限的，故it指代前面提到的活到90多岁到100岁的长寿情况，故选B。

【41题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could,at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents.可知破损的手表由于自身结构问题，不能像人类一样进行自我修复。

人类的自我修复可以在一定程度上缓解病痛，延长生命。

用手表的例子是为了说明人类和手表等机械装置的衰老是有较大区别的。

故选D。

【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。

解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。

例如，在第2小题中，根据第二段中Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.可知一些人去世较早，少数人能活到90多岁到100岁。

根据句中but和下文我们希望存活的时间实际上是有限的，指代前面提到的活到90多岁到100岁的长寿情况。

C
When the residents of Buenos Aires want to change the pesos they do not trust into the dollars they do, they go to an office that acts as a front for thriving illegal exchange market.
As the couriers carry their bundles of pesos around Buenos Aires, they pass grand
buildings like the Teatro Colon, an opera house that opened in 1908, and the Retiro railway station, completed in 1915. In the 43 years leading up to 1914, GDP had grown at an annual rate of 6%, the fastest recorded in the world. In 1914 half of Buenos Aires’s population was foreign-born. Its income per head was 92% of the average of 16 rich economies.
It never got better than this. Its income per head is now 43% of those same 16 rich economies; it trails Chile and Uruguay in its own backyard.
The country’s dramatic decline has long puzzled economists. “If a guy has been hit 700,000 shots it’s hard to work out which one of them killed him,” says Rafael di Tella. But three deep-lying explanations help to throw light on the country’s decline. Firstly, Argentina may have been rich 100 years ago but it was not modern. The second theory stresses the role of trade policy. Thirdly, when it needed to change, Argentina lacked the institutions to create successful policies.
Argentina was rich in 1914 because of commodities; its industrial base was only weakly developed. The landowners who made Argentina rich were not so bothered about educating it: cheap labor was what counted.
Without a good education system, Argentina struggled to create competitive industries. It had benefited from technology in its Belle Epoque period, but Argentina mainly consumed technology from abroad rather than inventing its own.
Argentina had become rich by making a triple bet on agriculture, open market and Britain, its biggest trading partner. If that bet turned sour, it would require a severe adjustment. The First World War delivered the initial blow to trade. Next came the Depression, which crushed the open trading system on which Argentina depended. Dependence on Britain, another country in decline, backfired( 失败) as Argentina’s favored export market signed preferential deals with Commonwealth countries.
After the Second World War, when the rich world began its slow return to free trade with the negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947, Argentina had become a more closed economy. An institution to control foreign trade was created in 1946; the share of trade as a percentage of GDP continued to fall. High food prices meant big profits for farmers but empty stomachs for ordinary
Argentines. Open borders inc reased farmers’ taking but sharpened competition from abroad for domestic industry. Heavy export taxes on crops allow the state to top up its decreasing foreign-exchange reserves; limits on wheat exports create surpluses(过剩) that drive down local prices. But they also dissuade farmers from planting more land, enabling other countries to steal market shares.
42. Grand buildings are mentioned in the second paragraph to show ________.
A. Argentines were talented
B. Argentina was once a rich country
C. Argentines miss the past of Argentina
D. Argentina has a suitable infrastructure
43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Argentina is richer than Uruguay.
B. Argentina was once attractive to immigrants.
C. Britain is playing a leading role in the development of Argentina.
D. Argentina is not serious about its agriculture and open markets.
44. The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph implies that ________.
A. the decline of Argentina welcomes an analysis from authorities
B. it is hard to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline
C. it takes time to explain the reasons for Argentina’s decline
D. Argentina has declined for many reasons
45. What is the root of the problem of Argentina’s trade policy?
A. Argentina depends heavily on foreign technology.
B. Many world events caused Argentina to break down.
C. Argentina failed in adjusting itself appropriately.
D. The conflicts between classes needed to be solved.
【答案】42. B 43. B 44. D 45. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要分析了阿根廷经济发展的过程、经济现状及衰退的原因。

【42题详解】。