2019年高中英语 Unit 2 Healthy eating教案 新人教版必修3

2019年高中英语 Unit 2 Healthy eating教案新人教版必修3
【美文阅读】
我们都知道，健康的饮食对人们的身体至关重要。

那什么是“健康饮食”呢？如何吃更健康呢？
Healthy Eating：A Guide for Teens
Healthy eating is a way of balancing the food you eat to keep your body strong, energetic, and well­nourished. This guide was made to help you learn about healthy eating, and ways to plan nutritious meals and snacks.
Healthy eating is a great way to：
Have energy all day long.
Get the vitamins and minerals your body needs.
Stay strong for sports or other activities.
Reach your maximum height(if you are still growing)．
Maintain a healthy weight.
Prevent unhealthy eating habits, like skipping meals and feeling overly hungry at the next meal.
Wh at is “healthy eating”？
Aiming for regular meals: usually 3 meals per day.
Eating foods from all of the food groups each day to meet your nutritional needs.
Balancing nutrient­rich foods with moderate(适当的) amounts of other foods.
Eating when hungry and stopping when full.
Tips for healthy eating
Believe it or not, eating 3 meals is the best way to maintain your energy and a healthy weight.
Eat breakfast. 20% of teens skip breakfast, which makes them more likely to over­eat later in the day.
Try healthier ways to cook foods such as grilling，stir­frying, micro­waving，baking，and boiling instead of deep frying.
Trim(除去) the skin and fat off your meat—you'll still get plenty of flavour(风
味) and it's more nutritious.
Sugar—avoid getting too much.
Slow down when you eat. Try to relax and pace yourself so that your meals last at least 20 minutes, since it takes 20 minutes for you to feel full.
Try fiber­rich foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits so you feel fortably full.
Avoid “diet thinking”. There ar e no good foods or bad foods. All foods can be part of healthy eating.
【诱思导学】
1．Skipping breakfast is a healthy eating habit，isn't it？Why?
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．Should we slow down or speed up while eating?
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.No，it isn't.Because it wi ll make you more likely to over­eat later in the day.
2．We should slow down while eating.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

●教学地位
本单元主要讲的是健康饮食。

健康的饮食习惯的养成是拥有健康体魄的前提，这一点对于学生很重要。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以通过下面两种不同类型的活动热身，根据教学实际选择使用。

活动一：让学生介绍自己一天的饮食引入话题。

活动二：中西方常见食品的比较，激发学生兴趣从而引发思考。

●教学流程设计
导入新课。

⇒学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”。

(见学案第19页)⇒学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。

⇓
学生再次阅读课文(课本第10页)并完成“语篇理解”。

(见学案第20页)⇐师生共同讨论并统一答案。

⇐让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本第10页)并完成“篇章结构”。

(见学案第20页)
⇓
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。

⇒学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本第10页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”。

(见学案第20页)⇒老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。

⇓
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估。

(见学案第21页)⇐学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。

老师予以更正。

⇐让学生完成“知识初探”部分。

(见学案第20～21页)
⇓
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第10页并完成课本第11页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ。

(见学案第21～25页
)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P10的Reading部分，完成下列表格
Restaurant Advantages Disadvantages Wang
Peng's
restaurant Serving foods that contain enough
1.________. The foods contain too much
4.________.
Yong Hui's
restaurant Helping people
2.________and be
3.________in
two weeks. ·5.________choices of food and drink on the menu：just rice，6.______served in vinegar fruit
and water.
·Prices are 7.________.
·Not giving enough
8.________.
6．raw vegetables 7.high 8.energy
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P10的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why did Wang Peng feel it had been a very strange morning?
A．What he had prepared was sold out.
B．Few people walked into his restaurant to eat.
C．He couldn't make his restaurant more beautiful.
2．When Wang Peng thought “Nothing could be better”， he means________. A．his food and drink were the best
B．his food and drink were the worst
C．his food should have been improved
3．Why did Wang Peng go into the newly­opened restaurant?
A．Because he was angry.
B．Because he was curious.
C．Because he wanted to ask for advice.
4．What was Wang Peng's impression of Yong Hui's restaurant?
A．The food was nice both in quality and quantity.
B．There were few choices of food and drink on the menu and the prices were much higher.
C．It was noisy and busy.
5．“The petition between the two restaurants was on！”means “________”．A．the petition came to an end
B．the two restaurants would put up more signs as their advertisements
C．neither of the restaurants would give way to each other
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Wang Peng felt very frustrated when he saw that there were only a few 1.________in his restaurant, because by then his restaurant 2.________be full of people. Even his friend Li Chang didn't e to eat in his restaurant. Wang Peng wanted to 3.________why, so he 4.________Li Chang to a new restaurant. There he saw a sign.
5.________drove him to enter the restaurant, where the
6.________gave him a menu, which showed that the restaurant only served rice,
7.________vegetables, fruit and water. Wang Peng thought Yong Hui was telling lies and he could not have her
8.________it. He also thought with a
9.________he could win his customers 10.________. So he wrote a sign，too. And the petition between the two restaurants was on!
【答案】 1.customers 2.ought to 3.find out 4.followed 5.Curiosity 6.hostess 7.raw 8.getting away with 9.discount 10.back
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．slim A．the food that you eat and drink regularly
2．discount B．advantage
3．balance C．not fat or thick；slender
4．lie D．an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of something 5．diet E．something that you say or write that you know is untrue
6．strength F．to weigh，to pare the importance of two things
【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.F 4.E 5.A 6.B
Ⅱ.短语填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
ought to；lose weight；balanced diet；get away with；tell a lie；win...back；tired of；full of
1．He always keeps a____________and is in good health.
2．She tried every possible means to____________，but she is still heavy.
3．You____________have told me you were ing.
4．The leader tried his best to____________the trust of his team____________.
5．In order to escape punishment，the naughty boy had to____________.
6．Those who always cheat will never____________it.
【答案】 1.balanced diet 2.lose weight 3.ought to 4.win；back 5.tell a lie 6.get away with
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling_very_frustrated.
王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。

2．“Nothing_could_be_better”，he thought.
他想：“再没有比这更好吃的了。

”
3．It cost more_than a good meal in his restaurant.
这价格比在他餐馆里吃一顿好饭还贵。

4．He could not have_Yong_Hui_getting_away_with telling people lies.他不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚。

Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理
解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。

(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写广告，以提高学生的书面表达能力。

●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
展示部分食品图片，讨论是否健康。

●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。

⇒导入新课。

⇒让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第21～25页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。

⇓
让学生再次阅读课文，(课本第10页)以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。

⇐老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。

⇐让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

⇓
让学生完成“自我评估”。

(学案第25页)⇒布置作业。

让学生完成课本第12页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ。

(见学案第25～27页)
1．diet n．[C/U]日常饮食 vi.节食
Everybody has to eat，but do you eat a healthy diet？(P9)每个人都必须吃饭，但是你吃得健康吗？
No sugar in my coffee，please.I'm dieting.
请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。

It is important to have a balanced，healthy diet.
均衡健康的日常饮食很重要。

①be/go on a diet用规定的食谱；节食
②put sb.on a diet限制某人饮食
③keep a healthy/balanced diet保持健康的/平衡的饮食
Lisa always seems to be on a diet.
丽莎似乎总是在节食。

The doctor put him on a diet after operation.
手术后，医生规定了他的饮食。

diet/food
diet
指习惯的食物或规定的、维持健康的定质或定量的食物，如病人的疗养饮食
diet既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词
food
一般用语，凡能吃喝且有营养的东西都可称为food
food常用作不可数名词，强调种类时，food可用复数
医生给这个病人规定了特别饮食。

Milk is the natural food for young babies.
牛奶是婴儿的天然食品。

用diet和food填空
①There are________shortages in many areas.
②________cures mo re than the doctor.
③The sick man must not go without________，but he must have a________without sugar.
【答案】①food②Diet③food；diet
2．balance vt.& vi.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡
What will happen to you if you don't eat a balanced diet？(P9)你如果没有均衡的饮食将会怎么样？
We should maintain a balance between study and play.
我们应该维持学习与玩耍之间的平衡。

Can you balance yourself on skates?
你穿溜冰鞋能保持平衡吗？
①keep one's balance保持平衡
lose one's balance失去平衡
out of balance不平衡
②balance A against B在A与B之间权衡
③balanced adj.平稳的，安定的，和谐的
I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.
我发现在结冰的路上要保持身体平衡是相当困难的。

He balanced the advantages against the disadvantages.
他权衡利弊。

【对接高考】
(xx·天津高考)You are working too hard.You'd better keep a________between work and relaxation.
A．promise B．lead
C．balance D．diary
【解析】句意：你工作太努力了。

你最好保持工作和放松之间的平衡。

promise诺言；lead领先；balance平衡；diary日记。

keep a balance为固定短语，意为“保持平衡”，符合句意，故选C。

【答案】 C
完成句子
①She cycled round the corner，____________(失去平衡) and fell off the bike.
②You should____________(权衡得与失) before doing it.
【答案】①lost her balance②balance gain against loss
3．Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.(P10)
王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。

句中feeling very frustrated是现在分词短语，表示伴随状况。

本句中Wang Peng 与feel之间为主动关系，所以用feeling。

The old man watched the soldiers helping the people surrounded by the flood，
feeling excited.那位老人看着战士们帮助那些被洪水围困的人们，感到很激动。

The boy sat in front of the farmhouse cutting the branch.那个男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。

①现在分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

②现在分词短语还可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、结果状语、方式状语等。

He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。

(方式状语)
Being poor，many children of the mountain village can't go to school.
因为穷，山区的很多孩子不能上学。

(原因状语)
【对接高考】
(xx·重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed，________me stories till I fell asleep.
A．having told B．telling
C．told D．to tell
【解析】句意：我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，一直讲到我睡着。

空格前是一个主干无缺、语意完整的句子，因此可首先排除作谓语的told。

A项having told 表示动作已经发生；B项telling表示动作正在发生；D项to tell表示动作尚未发生。

从句子结构分析得知，“给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着”是作伴随状语的。

只有B项telling 可作伴随状语，表示动作正在进行。

【答案】 B
用分词短语翻译下列句子
①听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳起舞来。

________________________________________________________________________
②因为生病，我昨天没去上学。

________________________________________________________________________
③他们站在那里又说又笑。

________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①Hearing the news，they danced for joy.
②Being ill，I didn't go to school yesterday. ③They stood there，talking and laughing.
4．Nothing could be better...(P 10)
再没有比这些更好吃的了……
比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级含义。

No singing star is more popular with the young than her.没有一个歌星比得上她受青年人的欢迎。

(她最受欢迎)
I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.
我觉得没有比旅游更快乐的事情了。

比较级表示最高级含义的方式：
①否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
②比较级＋than ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ all the other ＋名词复数the other ＋名词复数
any other ＋名词单数
any of the other ＋名词复数anything/anyone else
No other book has had a greater effect on my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。

China is larger than the other countries/any other country/any of the other countries in Asia.
中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。

【对接高考】
(xx·浙江高考)I ________ myself more —it was a perfect day.
A ．shouldn't have enjoyed
B ．needn't have enjoyed
C ．wouldn't have enjoyed
D ．couldn't have enjoyed
【解析】 句意：我从未玩得更开心过——这是完美的一天。

shouldn't have done 表示“本不应该做而事实上已经做了”；needn't have done 表示“本没有必要做而事实上已经做了”；wouldn't have done 用于虚拟语气；couldn't have done 表示“不可能做过”。

此处用not和比较级连用表达最高级的含义，意为“从未比这更高兴过”。

所以正确答案为D项。

【答案】 D
句型转换
①Mother's love is the most precious in the world.
→________________________________________________________________________
②He studies(the)hardest in his class.
→________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①Nothing is more precious than mother's love in the world.②He studies harder than any other student in his class.
5．be/get tired of对……感到厌倦
Tired of all that fat？(P10)肥腻的东西吃厌了吗？
He was tired of doing the same job every day.
他厌倦了每天做同样的工作。

be/get tired from/with...由于……而劳累
be tired out累得筋疲力尽
tire sb.out使精疲力竭，使疲劳不堪
You may be/get tired from/with reading，but you shouldn't get tired of it.
看书可能使你疲劳，但你不应该厌倦读书。

介、副词填空
①They were tired________their long journey.
②She gets tired________the same work.
③One a fter another exam tired the students________.
【答案】①from/with②of③out
6．lose weight减轻体重；减肥
Want to lose weight？(P10)想减肥吗？
Because there is not enough food，they are losing weight.因为没有足够的食物，他们的体重在减轻。

She has lost a lot of weight.她瘦了很多。

put on/gain weight增加体重；发胖
by weight按重量
weight vi./vt.称重，权衡，重量是……
He has put on a lot of weight since last year.
自从去年以来他的体重增加了不少。

用weight的相关短语填空
①My father has____________since he gave up smoking.
②As we all know，pigs are sold____________.
③It is clear that she has____________，for she looks much slimmer than she did last year.
【答案】①put on weight②by weight③lost
weight
7．curiosity n．[U]好奇心
Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.(P10)
好奇心驱使王鹏走了进去。

His explanation to his magic performance satisfied our curiosity.
他对其所表演魔术的解密满足了我们的好奇心。

She decided to follow him out of curiosity.
出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。

①out of/from curiosity在好奇心驱使下；出于好奇
②with curiosity好奇地
③satisfy one's curiosity满足某人的好奇心
④curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
⑤be curious about对……好奇
⑥curiously adv.好奇地
Just out of curiosity，she opened the letter.
她只是出于好奇打开了这封信。

He stared at the picture curiously.
他好奇地盯着这幅画。

I'm curious to know what has happened to him.
我极想知道他发生了什么事情。

用curiosity的适当形式填空
The boy was watching the cartoon about dinosaurs with ①________，and he was ②________about dinosaurs' disappearance from the earth and he wanted to find out the mystery ③________.
【答案】①curiosity②curious③curiously
8．He could not have Yong Hui getting_away_with telling people lies！(P10)他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！
(1)have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，意思是“不允许/不容忍某人做某事”。

He won't have his daughter arriving home late.
他不容许女儿晚回家。

I won't have anyone smoking here.
我不容许任何人在这里抽烟。

have sb.do，have sb./sth.doing，have sb./sth.done
—
I'll be ready after I
have my son dressed.我给我
儿子穿好衣服就准备好了。

have 后接三种形式的宾补，这与get 后接三种形式的宾补有许多相同之处，但也有不同之处，结合记忆，这样理解起来会收到事半功倍的效果。

①have/get sth.done 表示“让某事由别人去做”，但have sth.done 还能表示“遭受……不幸”之意。

②⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ have sb.doing sth.让某人持续地做某事get sb.doing sth.让某人开始做某事
③⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.使/让某人做某事
用所给词的适当形式填空
①To my disappointment，the doctor had me________(wait) in the room for the whole afternoon.
②I had my watch________(repair) because it didn't work.
③Yesterday Mum had Tim________(clean) his room since it was in a mess. ④I won't have you________(stay) up so late every day.
【答案】 ①waiting ②repaired ③clean ④stayi ng
(2)get away with (doing )sth.受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
If you cheat in the exam ，you'll never get away with it.
如果你在考试中作弊，你会受到惩罚的。

The driver was lucky to get away with only a fine.
那位司机算是万幸，只被罚款了事。

get away 逃脱；离开
get down to(doing)sth.开始认真做某事
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
get through 通过；接通(电话)；完成，做完
get over 克服
How are you getting along with your new girlfriend?
你和新女友相处得如何？
The line is busy.I can't get through.
电话占线，我打不通。

Believe in yourself；you are sure to get over present difficulties.相信自己，你一定能克服目前的困难。

用适当的介、副词填空
⑤My job is getting________much better now.
⑥It's time we got d own________business.
⑦I'll be with you as soon as I get________the work.
⑧We must get________our disappointment.
【答案】⑤along/on⑥to⑦through⑧over
(3)lie n．谎话，谎言 vi.说谎；躺，位于；存在
He lay on the grass thinking about the big lie.
他躺在草地上想着那个弥天大谎。

The town lies in a small wooded valley.
该镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的山谷中。

He promised his mother never to lie to her again.
他答应他母亲再也不向她撒谎了。

white lie善意的谎言
tell a lie/tell lies说谎
lie in存在于；位于
I always know when he's telling lies.
我总是知道什么时候他在说谎。

My school lies in the center of the city.
我的学校位于城市的中央。

lie/lay
词义词性过去式过去分词现在分词
lie说谎vi. lied lied lying
lie躺下；
位于vi. lay lain lying
lay放置；
下蛋；产卵vt. laid laid laying
你可以把草靠墙放。

How can you lie to me？(＝How can you tell a lie to me？)你怎么能跟我撒谎呢？
He lay there for two hours.他在那里躺了两个小时。

【助记】
规则的撒谎→“撒谎(lie)”的变化是规则的
不规则的躺→“躺(lie)”的变化是不规则的
躺过就下蛋→“躺(lie)”的过去式是“下蛋(lay)”
下蛋不规则→“下蛋(lay)”的变化是不规则的
用所给词的适当形式填空
⑨The boy________(lie) there told________(lie) to us that he raised a cock which had________(lay) an egg.
【答案】⑨lying；lies；laid
9．Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.(P10)或许打个折，写个新的招牌，他能够赢回顾客。

(1)discount n．折扣 vt.打折扣，不重视
The store discounts all its slow­selling goods.
那家商店打折出售所有滞销货。

at a discount打折扣
at a discount of...＝at a．..discount打……的折扣
give/allow/make a discount(on)打折扣
If I buy two pairs of shoes，do you give any discount?
如果我买两双鞋，你给打折吗？
In this shop，everything is sold at a discount.
在这家商店，所有的东西都打折卖。

All the clothes were bought at a discount of 20%/at a 20% discount.所有的衣服都是以八折的价钱买的。

完成句子
①Members of the club can buy anything in the shop____________(以折扣价)．
②She bought a new p air of shoes________________________________________________________________________ (以五折)．
【答案】①at a discount②at a discount of 50%/at a 50% discount
(2)win...back赢回；重新获得
Once you break your promise，you will never win back her trust again.
你一旦违背诺言将永远不会再赢回她的信任。

The player finally won back the gold medal he lost three years ago.
那名运动员最后赢回了三年前失去的那枚金牌。

【提示】win作动词，意为“赢，获胜”。

(其宾语通常是表示物的单词，如比赛、奖、荣誉等)
单项填空
③How can I________her love and confidence?
A．win back B．win through
C．give in D．give away
【解析】句意：我怎样才能重新获得她的爱和信任？win back“赢回，重新获得”，符合句意。

win through“终获成功，摆脱困境”。

【答案】 A
10．strength n．强项，长处，力量
The strength of the diet in Wang Peng's restaurant was that it provided...(P11) 在王鹏的餐馆里，饮食的长处是它提供了……
He is a man of great strength.
他是个力大无穷的人。

①反义词：weakness n．不足；短处
②同根词：strong adj.强壮的
strengthen vt.增强；加强
【教师备课资源】
strength为strong(adj.)的名词形式。

类似的：long adj.长的→length n．长度
wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度
high adj.高的→height n．高度
deep adj.深的→depth n．深度
【对接高考】
(xx·福建高考)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well，you know，English is my________.So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent
C．ability D．skill
【解析】句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。

因此这是我最好的选择。

strength长处；talent才华，天赋；ability能力；skill 技能。

故选A。

【答案】 A
单句改错
①Maths and English are his strength.
________________________________________________________________________
②I don't think you have enough strengths to lift that heavy stone.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】①strength→strengths②strengths→strengthPeriod ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。

●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。

让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设语境，让学生学会该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。

⇒导入新课。

⇒让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第25～27页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。

⇓
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分，(见学案第26～27页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。

⇐老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。

⇐让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

⇓
老师对语法部分给以点拨。

让学生掌握本单元语法知识。

⇒让学生完成“当堂双基达标”。

(见学案第27页)⇒师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。

⇓
布置作业。

让学生完成课本第13页1、2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅳ。

(见学案第28～31页)⇐自我评估。

(见学案第27页)
1．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找
However，as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends，she did not consult a doctor but lived on a diet of rice，raw vegetables，bananas and lemons.(P12) 然而，因害怕被朋友们嘲笑，她没有向医生咨询，而是以米饭、生蔬菜、香蕉和柠檬为主食。

You shouldn't have done it without consulting me.
你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。

consult sb.about sth.向某人咨询某事
consult with sb.(about/on sth.)(就某事)与某人商量
I consult him about it.我就此事请教了他。

I consulted with a friend of mine about it.
我为此事跟朋友商量过。

【助记】
情景记忆consult
咨询，请教商量，交换意见参考，查阅
根据句意填入恰当的介词
①家长可以向老师询问孩子们的情况。

Parents can consult the teachers________their children.
②我和朋友商量一件事。

I consulted________a friend________a matter.
【答案】①about②with；on/about
2．digest vt.& vi.消化，理解，领会 n．文摘，摘要
Well，you have to eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better.(P13)好吧，你得吃一些纤维含量多的食物，从而能帮助你更好地消化。

Cheese doesn't digest easily.乳酪不容易消化。

It took me some time to digest what I had heard.
我花了一些时间去理解我所听到的东西。

Don't eat so much meat；it's difficult to________.
A．understand B．catch
C．digest D．swallow
【解析】digest“消化”。

句意：不要吃这么多肉，很难消化。

understand“理解”；catch“捉到，抓住”；swallow“吞下”，均不合题意。

【答案】 C
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会情态动词的用法。

①By now his restaurant ought_to be full of people.
②Her mother is ill，so she has_to stay at home.
[自我总结] 句①中的ought to表示可能性；句②中的have to表示客观上的必要性。

情态动词(Ⅱ)
1．ought to
(1)表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，与should同义。

You ought to work harder than your brother.
你应该比你哥哥学习更努力。

【提示】ought to的否定形式为ought not to(oughtn't to)；一般疑问形式是将ought提至句首，其否定答语通常用don't have to或needn't。

—Ought he to see the doctor?
他该去看医生吗？
—Yes，he ought to./No，he doesn't have to.
是的，他该去。

/不，他不必去。

You ought not to make this kind of mistake again.
你不应该再犯这种错误了。

(2)表示可能性，一般指较大的可能性，意为“按道理应该”。

If he started at six，he ought to be here now.
要是他6点就出发的话，这会儿该到这里了。

2．have to/don't have to/mustn't
(1)have to表示客观上的必要性，意为“不得不”。

由于它是由“have＋to”构成，因此它有多种时态变化形式以及人称和数的变化，其疑问句式和否定句式由助动词do构成。

It's too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。

Did you have to leave now？你现在必须得走吗？
(2)have to的否定式don't have to，表示没有义务或没有必要做某事，意为“不必”，常可以回答以must开头的疑问句。

而must的否定式mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。

You don't have to finish the work now.
你现在没有必要完成这项工作。

—Must we hand in our homework this afternoon?
我们必须今天下午交家庭作业吗？
—No，you don't have to/you needn't.
不，你们不必。

(肯定回答为：Yes，you must.)
3．need
(1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

You needn't go there now.
你现在不必去那儿。

Need I go there now?
我现在需要去那儿吗？
【提示】由need引导的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn't。

—Need I hand in my paper now?
我现在需要交上论文吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.
是的，你必须。

/不，你不需要。

(2)用作实义动词，有动词的各种形式变化，可用于各种句式；其宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词；构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does。

We don't need to tell him the truth.
我们不需要告诉他真相。

He needs our help.他需要我们的帮助。

The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。

【提示】need作实义动词时常用于下列句式：
主语＋need(s)＋to do(主语与to do之间为主谓关系)
主语＋need(s)＋doing/to be done(主语与do之间为被动关系)
主语＋need(s)＋n.
4．情态动词＋have done结构的用法
(1)must＋have done表示对过去发生事情所作出的合理或确有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can't＋have done 代替。

From what you said，she must have told you all about it.从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。

(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。

could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。

Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。

You made a mistake again；you could have been more careful.你又犯错了，你本能更仔细些的。

(3)should/ought to have done
should have done表示过去本应该做，但实际上没做。

shouldn't have done/ought not to have done表示过去本不应该做，而实际上做了。

You shouldn't have blamed her in public.
你本不应该当众批评她的。

You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.
你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。

(4)need have done表示“本需要做而实际未做”；needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。

You need have done it instead of him yesterday.
昨天你本需要代替他做那件事的。

You needn't have told them about it.
你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。

(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。