牛津译林新教材 必修第三册 Unit1词汇讲解(全)精选全文完整版

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牛津译林必修三Unit1 词汇全解
1.harm 伤害，损害n. do harm to =be harmful to
harmful effects害处
短语搭配：cause ~引起伤害
There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth./It does no harm (for sb) to do sth.做某事没什么坏处。

He looks fierce, but he means no harm.他看上去很凶，但并无恶意。

The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗弊大于利。

V. harm 伤害，损害
2.overseas在海外，在国外=abroad
The product is sold both at home and overseas.
外国的，海外的~ trade/visitors
3.region地区，区域---regional区域的，地区的~ variations 地区差异
4.length长度The room is twice the length of the kitchen.房间长度是厨房的两倍。

The river is 300 miles in length.这条河长300英里。

the length of time时间长短
重点短语：at length/ at ...(length)length 长时间，详尽地
We have discussed the matter at great length.
go to any/some/great lengths (to do)竭尽全力，不遗余力
5.biodiversity 生物多样性diversity 多样性diverse 多样的diversify 使...多样化
6.variety不同种类a ~ of =varieties of 各种各样的
He resigned for a variety of reasons.
多样化We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。

vary v.不同，有别The students’ work varies considerably in quality.学生作业的质量参差不齐。

变化，变更vary with sth/ vary from ...to.../vary between ...and ...
The prices of the vegetables vary with the season.
7.beneath在...下面be buried beneath the bridge
不够好，配不上He considers such jobs beneath him.
8.mass N.团，块a mass of snow and rocks
大量，许多a mass of evidence(多用单数)
一群the mass of people, a mass of figures
大量的东西masses of work, masses of people
老百姓the masses
Adj.大批的mass unemployment大批失业weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器
V.集结Dark clouds masses on the horizon.天边乌云密布。

9.towering高大的，高耸的（skyscrapers）;出色的（performances）
V.tower 高于，超过...He towered over/above his classmates.
(能力，品质)胜过，超过
9.living Adj.活着的all living things all the living Nobel winners
在使用的living languages
N.make a living谋生
10.survive V.生存，存活vi
Strange customs have survived from earlier times.
I can’t survive on $40 a week.
幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过vt
survive the crisis/the attack/earthquake
比...活得久=outlive survive sb by ...
N.survival survivor幸存者
11.in turn 相应地，转而；依次one after another in a particular order
The boys called
turn N.机会
take turns轮流
take turns to do sth=take turns (in)doing =take a turn (in)doing
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做
Turn 拐弯make a left turn, 弯道twists and turns, 变化，转变take a turn for the worse/better , by turns 轮流，交替
The book is, by turns, funny and very sad.这本书时而有趣时而悲伤。

V.转动，旋转；转身；翻转，翻动；转弯；变成；到达（年龄）；
短语动词turn against sb与...反目成仇
turn （sth）around 翻身，翻转；好转有起色
turn sb away把某人拒之门外，不准进入
turn back原路返回，往回走
turn ...down 拒绝，顶回=reject/refuse
turn （sb/sth）in 交还，退还；上交，呈交
turn （sb）off不再听，不再想；使反感
turn on 突然攻击；依靠
turn out 出席；结果是Everything turned out well.制造，生产；熄灭；腾空，清空；
turn over翻身；深思熟虑；把...移交给
turn to向...求助
turn up被发现，被找到；露面；
12.break down使分解，使变化；发生故障；（谈判）失败；垮掉（健康，情绪）
break总结
V.破，裂break into pieces break sth in two
弄坏；弄破；违犯；稍停；打断break the silence；终止，断绝；逃跑；（白天，黑夜）来临The day breaks.
break away 逃脱；脱离
break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴（on the conversation）
break into 强行进入；突然开始
break off 断开，折断；（谈话）中断
break out 突然爆发
break through突破，冲破；在...取得重大突破；
break up粉碎，破碎；（关系）破裂；（会议）散开；(with sb)同...的绝交
break with 突破，破除（传统，习惯）
N.间歇；课间；暂停；中断
13.breathe the life into 给...带来起色，注入活力
V.breathe in吸入~out呼出~
N.take a deep breath 深呼吸a ~ of air新鲜空气a breath of sth微量，一丝
hold your breath屏住呼吸，焦急等待out of ~喘不过气
14.due to由于，因为
同义短语总结owing to，thanks to(多指好的方面)，because of
due 到期的，预期的be due to do/for sth =be scheduled to do 预计做某事
15.impact N.影响；撞击have/make an impact on ... =have an effect/influence on ...
=make a difference to 对...有影响
His speech made a profound impact on everyone.
V.impact (on/upon) sth有影响，有作用=affect
Her father’s death impacted greatly on her childhood years.
16.extinction灭绝，绝种extinct adj. become extinct
17.damage V.损害，损坏damage one’s health，damage one’s career，damage several vehicles
N.minor/severe/extensive damage
短语do/cause damage to sth, pay for the damage, prevent serious property
damage
18.build up（to）逐渐增加，扩大build 动词短语build sth around在...基础上创出
build on在...基础上发展，build sth on sth把...作为基础
build sb/oneself up增强体质
e up with想出，想到；拿出一笔钱
come短语come easily to sb轻而易举How come...?怎么会？When it comes to当涉及某事
短语动词come about 发生
come across 被理解，被弄懂；偶然碰到，遇到
come after追赶，追逐
come along到达；跟着来；进步，进展
come apart破碎，破裂
come around恢复知觉，苏醒；（to）短暂访问；
come back回来，再度流行；回想起
come between 损害
come by短暂拜访
come down崩塌，坍塌；下降，降低；流传下来（to）；归纳为
come down with患病，染上
come forward主动提供
come out（太阳月亮星辰）出现；开花；出版；大白天下；（照片）冲洗清楚；
come to sb（主意）被想到
come to sth合计，总共；达到
come up破土而出；升起；被提及；即将发生
20.call for要求=ask for；需要=need
They called for him to resign.
call短语总结call it a day到此为止，停止
call sb names谩骂
call a spade a spade直言不讳
call at停靠，停留
call back回电话
call forth引起，使产生
call off取消
call on/upon邀请，要求；请求I call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
call up征召，使回忆起
21.application运用，应用；申请an application form申请表
make an ~ to sb for sth/to do sth向...申请做...
the application of sth to sth在...方面的运用
涂抹，敷
运用，生效
V. 申请apply apply to sb for sth/to do sth s
使用，运用apply sth to sth
涂抹，敷apply sth to sth
涉及，有关apply to sb/sth
勤奋工作apply oneself to sth/doing sth
applicant申请人appliance电器
anization组织，团体；组织工作；安排，条理organ 器官；风琴organize组织，筹备；安排，处理；规划，管理
23.absolutely 绝对地；极其absolute power/trust
24.belt 裤带，腰带fasten/tighten the belt
传送带
地区，地带industrial belt
25.spring to mind突然想起sprang/sprung sprung
spring 用法spring to one’s feet 立刻站起来
spring into/to life突然工作
spring from sth起源于
spring up 突然兴起
26.track V.跟踪，追踪Vt./Vi
N.小道，小径a muddy track
人或动物留下的足迹，车辙
轨道railway tracks铁轨
跑道a running track
移动的路径，路线
短语on track做法对头，back on track恢复正常
keep/lose track of 了解...动态，与...失去联系
区分：trail
N.长串痕迹，踪迹a trail of blood
leave a trail of litter 丢了一路垃圾
打猎时的踪迹，痕迹
小路，小径
特定路线
27.habitat 生活环境，栖息地habitant居民habitation居住，住所（不可数）
habitual习惯性的；典型的habitable可居住的
28.resident居民reside居住在+adv./prep. residence住所，住房；居住，定居
29.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉=remove
rid使...摆脱rid A of B rid our streets of crime
Rid/Having been rid of headache, the old man felt much better.=
Having ridding himself of headache, the old man felt much better.
30.protest抗议，反对
N.a protest against......
The man resigned in protest at the decision.他辞职以示抗议这项决定。

V.protest （against/at/about）sth反对
protest her innocence坚决表示，申辩
31.profit N.利润，好处a huge ~巨额利润 a good/handsome/healthy/tidy ~可观的利润
a small/modest微薄的利润
earn/make a profit赚取利润
V.profit by/from从...中受益
profitable营利的non-profit非营利的
32.defense/defence N.辩护；防御；防御物；国防；防守
in defence of为保卫...，为...辩护=in sb’s defence
a defence against...的防御物~ mechanisms防御机制
V.defend ~ sb from/against...防御，保护；辩解
Adj. defensive防御性的
33.economic经济的，经济上的；economical经济实惠的
34.strategy策略reading ~ Adj. strategic战略上的
35.poison N.毒药V.下毒；毒害Adj. poisonous
36.consequence结果，后果as a ~ (of)=as a result (of)
suffer/face/take the ~s of sth自食其果，承担后果
重要性be of no ~无足轻重
Adj.consequent随之发生的the responsibilities ~ on/upon the arrival of a new child 新生儿出生后随之而来的职责
37.give rise to使发生，导致
辨析：
rise, arise 是不及物动词raise, arouse是及物动词
1)rise（rose, risen）vi. 上升，升起, 升高；上涨；文：（躺﹑坐或跪后）起立，起身；起床无被动
2)arise (arose, arisen) vi. .(问题，困难等)出现；发生，产生；主语一般为抽象名词，如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement 无被动
常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由……引起；因……产生
3)raise vt. 招募：to raise an army 养育to raise a family 提高工资raise salaries, 举起raise one’s hand 提出问题raise a question 筹集raise / collect money
4)arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使... 奋发” ...one’s awareness of doing sth
arouse one’s interest / sympathy/ enthusiasm “唤起某人的兴趣/ 同情心/ 热情” arouse sb. 唤醒。