2024北京东城区初三一模英语试卷和答案

2024北京东城初三一模
英 语
2024. 4学校___________ 班级___________ 姓名___________ 教育ID号___________
考生须知1. 本试卷共10页，共两部分，五道大题，38道小题，满分60分，考试时间90分钟。

2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校、班级、姓名和教育ID号。

3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。

第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。

从每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My sister loves playing basketball. I want to ask ________ to join our sports club.
A. him
B. them
C. you
D. her
2. My father is a policeman. He works ________ the police station.
A. at
B. on
C. of
D. with
3. Pay attention in class, ________ you will fall behind in your studies.
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. so
4. Tony is very good at math and ________ solve this math problem quickly.
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. should
5. —Ava’s painting is great.
—I agree. It’s ________ artwork I’ve ever seen.
A. creative
B. more creative
C. most creative
D. the most creative
6. —________ did it take you to make this kite?
—About 2 hours.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How much
D. How soon
7. The students of Class Two ________ a science experiment in the lab right now.
A. do
B. did
C. are doing
D. have done
8. When I was young, my father ________ me to play the piano.
A. teaches
B. taught
C. will teach
D. has taught
9. I ________ my room when my father called me for dinner.
A. clean
B. will clean
C. was cleaning
D. am cleaning
10. He ________ to cook for a year. He is now able to prepare delicious meals.
A. learns
B. has learned
C. will learn
D. is learning
11. World Book Day ________ to encourage people to read and write.
A. celebrated
B. celebrates
C. was celebrated
D. is celebrated
12. —Do you know ________?
—At 2:00 p. m. next Friday.
A. when the talent show started
B. when did the talent show start
C. when the talent show will start
D. when will the talent show start
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Our community library decided to offer a painting class. I told my friend Ella, and we both signed up.
On the big day, our first ____13____ was to paint a white vase of cheerful yellow
sunflowers against a blue background.
We were asked to paint our canvas (画布) ____14____. It was easy to follow the instructor to move the brush. Although I had never painted before, I could tell I was a
____15____. I started thinking about where I would hang my new masterpiece.
Immediately after that, however, I began to run into ____16____. The first curved (弯曲的) line of my vase looked perfect, but when I painted the line on the opposite side, my hand slipped (打滑). I tried to ____17____ that white streak (条痕) with blue paint, but it didn’t work.
While I was busy fixing my messy painting, the instructor explained how to paint the sunflower leaves. Things went downhill fast after that. My leaves looked like fat, green caterpillars (毛毛虫). When I failed to clean my paintbrush, I accidentally made the sunflowers green. I felt ____18____ when I saw how good everyone else’s paintings looked.
Ella sweetly praised my sunflowers, perhaps feeling sorry for me. When I said that hers were much better, she looked surprised. “No, they’re not. I messed up in at least five places.” After a few seconds, she asked, “Want to ____19____ paintings?”
Until that moment, I had felt only dislike for my painting. And yet for some reason, giving it away felt wrong. It wasn’t a perfect painting, but it was mine—the first one I had ever created. I knew Ella must have realized that she felt the same way when she suddenly shook her head and said. “Never mind.”
My sunflower painting still hangs directly above my bed. I often look at it. Every time I look at it. I ____20____. It always brightens my day and brings warmth to my room. I really like it now.
13. A. choice B. competition C. task D. show
14. A. white B. blue C. yellow D. green
15. A. beginner B. performer C. failure D. natural
16. A. complaints B. risks C. problems D. opportunities
17. A. cover B. clean C. mark D. connect
18. A. confused B. afraid C. bored D. upset
19. A. trade B. hang C. study D. admire
20. A. criticize B. smile C. understand D. imagine
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
（一）阅读下列课外活动介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课外活动，并将活动所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应的位置上。

选项中有一项为多余选项。

A
A
Space Explorers gives you a chance to discover more about space. You will learn about stars, plants, and space travel. You will do fun activities like building models of spaceships. You can also get to know how space influences life on Earth.
B
Tanglin Arts Studio offers great dance classes to you. The teachers here are patient and friendly. They have a lot of experience. You can learn different dance styles and get the chance to perform what you have learned at the end of the term.
C
Conundrum Theater offers drama (戏剧) classes. You will learn skills like speaking clearly, using body language, and expressing feelings through facial expressions. You will also learn how to remember lines, work as a team, and write good stories.
D
Multi-Xperience helps you to connect with nature and enjoy hands-on experiences. Each day, the camp offers a variety of activities, from arts with wood to team sports to gardening, which will help you be more creative and learn about taking care of the environment.
21. ________I’m interested in nature and want to study environmental science at college.
22. ________I enjoy learning about far-off places in the sky and I hope to be an astronaut one day.
23. ________I love acting and my dream is to be an actor or a director in the future.
（二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

B
Daisy forgot to set the alarm clock (闹钟) so she had to run to catch the bus. This made her feel tired and rushed when she started her science test. After she handed in her test paper, she was certain that the test had not gone well. With a heavy heart, she left the classroom.
That afternoon, Daisy left school to work part-time at Beckman’s. After she finished her work, Mrs. Beckman called her into the office. “Daisy,” she said, “you have been a great worker. But business has been slow; we have to let you go.”
Feeling down, Daisy left the office. As she walked slowly towards her aunt’s house, she tried to think about the
new hairstyle her aunt had promised her. When she arrived, Daisy showed her aunt a picture of the style she wanted.
“Well, you’re done. What do you think?” Her aunt asked about an hour later.
What Daisy saw in the mirror left her speechless. It was nothing like the picture! How could she possibly go to school again?
The next morning, putting her things in her locker, she ran into Ms. Wilson, her science teacher.
“I know, Ms. Wilson, I did very poorly on the test. It’s just that I forgot…”
“What are you talking about? Daisy, you did a great job!” Ms. Wilson said. “What I wanted to ask you is if you would be interested in working a few days a week after school as a lab assistant (助手). I need some help organizing all the materials.” Daisy happily accepted.
“Daisy!” she heard as the rest of the students began to enter the building. “Where did you get your hair done?” She was so excited about her test and new job that she had completely forgotten about her hair.
“Wow! That is so cool!” she was told. She couldn’t believe her ears. Everyone loved her hair.
What a couple of days it had been! Walking home, she smiled as the radio of a passing car played the song “What a Difference a Day Makes”.
24. Daisy left the classroom with a heavy heart because ________.
A. she arrived late for the test
B. she forgot to study for the test
C. she thought she did poorly on the test
D. she had to do her part-time job after the test
25. How did Daisy feel when she first saw her new hairstyle?
A. Disappointed.
B. Uninterested.
C. Excited.
D. Calm.
26. From her experience, Daisy probably learned that ________.
A. it is important to be prepared for the worst
B. things are not always as bad as they seem
C. life is full of challenges and choices
D. hard work leads to good results
C
Short videos have become increasingly popular in recent years. These videos are typically short in length, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes, and offer a quick supply of entertainment (娱乐) or information. While these videos may seem harmless, there are worries about the effect they can have on the human brain and attention span (持续时间).
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (神经递质) that is connected with the reward (奖励) center of the brain. When we experience something pleasurable or rewarding, such as eating a delicious meal or receiving praise, our brains release (释放) dopamine. This release of dopamine strengthens the behavior that led to the reward, making us more likely to do that behavior again.
Short videos can also make our brains release dopamine. The quick and easy-to-understand nature of these videos provides an immediate satisfaction that can be addictive (上瘾的). Each time we watch a video and experience the pleasure of entertainment or information, our brains release dopamine, strengthening the behavior of watching more videos.
Over time, this continuous release of dopamine can lead to a decrease in dopamine receptors in the brain. This means that it takes more and more dopamine to create the same pleasurable sensation, making it even more difficult to stop watching short videos.
Studies have shown that too much use of social media can lead to a decrease in attention span, and short videos may be even more harmful. The never-ending excitement provided by these videos can make it difficult for people to focus on tasks that require lasting attention. This can lead to a decrease in productivity and a reduced interest in activities that don’t offer immediate rewards.
Additionally, these videos can have a bad influence on mental health. Watching an endless stream of short videos can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress. You might also start to feel bad about yourself because you think you’re not as good as the people in the videos.
Not all short videos are harmful, and they can be a valuable tool for entertainment and education. However, it is important to be mindful of how long you watch these videos and focus on activities that require full attention and provide long-term rewards.
27. What do you know about dopamine from the passage?
A. Dopamine makes people more attentive.
B. Dopamine keeps us from repeating things we like.
C. Dopamine influences emotions instead of behaviors.
D. Dopamine is released as a result of pleasurable experiences.
28. What causes people to increase their behaviors of watching short videos?
A. The strong wish to learn new things.
B. The convenience of getting short videos.
C. The necessity of having social communication.
D. The need to keep the same level of satisfaction.
29. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To introduce how dopamine works in our brains.
B. To encourage people to improve their attention span.
C. To remind people to limit their time of watching short videos.
D. To explain why short videos have become increasingly popular.
D
Have you heard of mental toughness? Often talked about in relation to sports, mental toughness is characterized by the ability to always perform well under stress. Research has shown that it is also a useful quality (品质) for students, with benefits for school achievement, classroom behavior, and relationships with others.
However, mental toughness is often misunderstood. It is sometimes related to hiding your feelings. or not acknowledging (承认) your weaknesses, which can harm student well-being, as well as school performance and socializing.
So, what actually is mental toughness, and how can it be developed in schools?
Students who show mental toughness are aware of (意识到) and able to control their emotions. This helps them to think clearly under stress, on the day of exams for example. One way to help with this is to encourage students to talk to themselves in a positive and helpful way. Students may be upset if they don’t do as well on a task as they
hoped. By asking themselves questions, such as “What would I do differently next time?”, they can stop focusing on the negatives and direct their attention towards improving in the future.
Mental toughness means asking for help. Many students are too ashamed to do it, for fear they would show weakness by acknowledging they don’t understand something. However, others actually consider it a positive quality. Recognizing when they are experiencing difficulties takes courage for students, but it also shows a willingness to learn and get better.
Mental toughness is also about being open to learning, not being a know-it-all. Over time, the students who grow the most are those who like to explore (探索) things, looking for answers in books, online, or by paying attention to what’s happening around them. They also work together, helping each other with challenges.
What’s more, mental toughness involves having a strong sense of self-belief and confidence in one’s abilities. Mentally tough students have a clear idea of their goals, and their wills to achieve them are unwavering. They are not easily influenced by others’ opinions and are willing to step outside of their comfort zone to reach their goals.
To create mentally tough students and classrooms, it is important for teachers themselves to be role models. Teachers can develop their mental toughness in much the same way as students. In order to develop mental toughness, both students and teachers should recognize that it is about having positive behaviors and attitudes that help them learn and improve.
30. You were most probably being mentally tough when ________.
A. you kept your sadness inside without telling others
B. you acted as if you were doing well with everything
C. you received praise for answering a difficult question
D. you managed your nervousness to make a great speech
31. The word “unwavering” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. unshakeable
B. unacceptable
C. unclear
D. uncommon
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Experiencing difficulties makes students less willing to learn.
B. Mentally tough students doubt their abilities when facing failure.
C. Mentally tough students have curiosity about the world around them.
D. High-performing students are more likely to have a good attitude to learning.
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Why Is Mental Toughness a Key to Success?
B. What Does Mental Toughness Look like in Schools?
C. How Does Mental Toughness Influence School Achievement?
D. Who Should Be Responsible for Developing Mental Toughness?
第二部分
本部分共5题，共20分。

根据题目要求，完成相应任务。

四、阅读表达（第34—36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

My husband, Tyler, and I decided to raise a guide dog puppy (幼犬). After attending several meetings with Anina Green, the guide dog club leader, I eagerly signed up to become a raiser and patiently waited for the arrival of
my puppy. Then, one day, Anina informed me that I would get my puppy on April 27.
That day, Tyler and I went to Anina’s house. In the kitchen, we saw the puppy, Escort, sleeping on the floor. Holding him for the first time was magical. He was so soft and sleepy—and huge! Escort was larger than a lot of full-grown dogs.
We attended a weekly puppy kindergarten to learn how to train Escort. From the time we got the puppy until he was about 6 months old, he was on a leash (牵引绳). When we were watching TV on the sofa or brushing teeth, the leash was always in our hands. During the first eight weeks, Tyler and I mostly stayed at home, taught Escort orders, and held his leash.
The guide dog club is really like a family—a family with a lot of wonderful, well-behaved dogs. We traveled to various places together with these dogs. Escort’s first group outing was a trip to tour the city museum. We also went to a shopping mall, a baseball game, a fire station, and the airport to practice going through security. With all the help from our club, Escort went from a sleepy little puppy to a dependable companion (伙伴) when he was 8 months old.
When Escort was one year old, he could walk with a perfect loose (松的) leash, follow our orders and always make the right choices. It was time for us to drop him off at the Guide Dogs for the Blind campus to go through more formal (正式的) guide training and get matched with someone who needed him. We had fallen in love with the puppy and couldn’t bear giving him away, but we had to say goodbye to him.
When I see pictures of Escort with the woman he has been placed with, I feel very happy. It doesn’t hurt that he’s not with me—seeing him going on adventures with his new owner every day makes it all worth it. The thought that he will improve her life makes me very proud.
34. What was Escort like when the writer first saw him?
________________________________
35. What did the writer and her husband do during the first eight weeks of raising Escort?
________________________________
36. How does the writer feel when she knows Escort can help his new owner?
________________________________
37. What do you think of the writer and her husband? Why do you think so? (Please give two reasons.)
________________________________
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。

文中已给出内容不计入总词数。

所给提示词语仅供选用。

请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①
38. 假设你是李华，在学生会负责今年体育节吉祥物(mascot) 的设计征集活动。

你校交换生Peter对该活动很感兴趣，他给你发来邮件，询问吉祥物设计的具体要求及提交(submit) 的时间和方式。

请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍你所知道的相关内容。

提示词语：creative, culture, colourful, draw, email
提示问题：● What are the design requirements for the mascot?
● When and how should Peter submit his design?
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to know that you’re interested in the mascot design for our school’s Sports Festival.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____
Good luck with your design!
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
39. 懂得退让是为人处世的一种智慧。

它能够帮助我们避免冲突，建立信任，促进合作。

某英文网站正在开展以“退让的力量”为主题的征文活动。

假设你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你主动退让的一次经历以及你的收获。

提示词语：project, different ideas, cool down, suggest, solve
提示问题：● What was your experience of taking a step back?
● What have you learned from it?
Sometimes it is necessary to take a step back in a certain situation.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____
参考答案
第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。

从每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：我姐姐喜欢打篮球。

我想请她加入我们的体育俱乐部。

考查代词辨析。

him他；them他/她/它们；you你；her她。

根据“My sister loves playing basketball.”可知，空处指代的是“My sister”，所以应用her。

故选D。

2. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：我父亲是一名警察。

他在警察局工作。

考查介词辨析。

at在……(场所或地点)；on在……上；of……的；with和。

结合“My father is a policeman.”可知，此处指他在警察局上班，应用介词at+小地点，强调在一个范围内。

故选A。

3.【答案】B
【详解】句意：上课要注意听讲，否则你的学习会落后的。

考查连词辨析。

and和，然后；or或者，否则；but但是；so所以。

分析题干，前后句表示一种否定的条件下会发生的事，此处应用并列连词or，“祈使句+or+陈述句”，意为“否则”。

故选B。

4. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：托尼数学很好，能很快地解决这道数学题。

考查情态动词。

can能；must必须；need需要；should应该。

根据“Tony is very good at math”并结合选项可知，此处表示能力。

故选A。

5. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Ava的画很棒。

——我同意。

这是我见过的最有创意的艺术品。

考查形容词最高级。

根据“I’ve ever seen”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，应用最高级形式，最高级前加定冠词the，即：the+最高级（+比较范围）。

故选D。

6. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你做这个风筝花了多长时间？——大约2个小时。

考查疑问词辨析。

How long多长时间；How often多久一次；How much多少钱；How soon多久以后，与将来时连用。

根据“About 2 hours.”可知，是对时间段提问，所以用how long提问。

故选A。

7. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：二班的学生现在正在实验室做一个科学实验。

考查动词时态。

根据“right now”可知，此处表示现在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。

故选C。

8. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：当我还小的时候，我的父亲教我弹钢琴。

考查动词的时态。

根据“When I was young”可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选B。

9.【答案】C
【详解】句意：我正在打扫房间时，爸爸叫我吃晚饭。

考查过去进行时。

根据“when my father called me for dinner.”可知，本句中从句为一般过去时，when引导时间状语从句，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，主句应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，主句主语为I，be动词应用was，was cleaning意为“正在打扫”。

故选C。

10. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：他学做饭已经有一年了。

他现在能做美味的饭菜了。

考查动词时态。

根据时间状语“for a year”可知，本句是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为He，助动词应用has。

故选B。

11. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：庆祝世界读书日是为了鼓励人们阅读和写作。

考查一般现在时的被动语态。

celebrate“庆祝”，动词；分析句子结构可知，主语World Book Day与动词celebrate是被动关系，应用被动语态；句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时，因此这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done；主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is，celebrate的过去分词为celebrated。

故选D。

12. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你知道才艺表演什么时候开始吗？——下周五下午2点。

考查宾语从句。

分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句，必须用陈述句的语序，排除B、D；再由“At 2:00 p. m. next Friday.”可知，时态为一般将来时。

故选C。

二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

叙述了作者第一次上绘画课的过程以及作者对于自己画作的态度的转变。

【13题详解】
句意：在这个重要的日子里，我们的第一个任务是在蓝色的背景上画一个白色的花瓶，里面装着欢快的黄色向日葵。

choice选择；competition比赛；task任务；show演出。

根据“to paint a white vase of cheerful yellow sunflowers against a blue background”可知这是个任务。

故选C。

【14题详解】
句意：我们被要求把画布涂成蓝色。

white白色的；blue蓝色的；yellow黄色的；green绿色的。

根据“against a blue background”可知背景用蓝色。

故选B。

【15题详解】
句意：虽然我以前从未画过画，但我看得出我是个天生的画家。

beginner初学者；performer表演者；failure失败；natural有天赋的人。

根据“I started thinking about where I
would hang my new masterpiece.”可知被告知是个有画画天赋的人。

故选D。

【16题详解】
句意：然而，在那之后不久，我开始遇到问题。

complaints抱怨；risks风险；problems问题；opportunities机会。

根据“The first curved (弯曲的) line of my vase looked perfect, but when I painted the line on the opposite side, my hand slipped (打滑).”可知开始出问题。

故选C。

【17题详解】
句意：我试着用蓝颜料盖住那条白色的条纹，但没有用。

cover覆盖；clean打扫；mark标记；connect连接。

根据“but when I painted the line on the opposite side, my hand slipped (打滑).”可知没有画好，试图用颜料把线覆盖了。

故选A。

【18题详解】
句意：当我看到别人画得那么好时，我感到很沮丧。

confused困惑的；afraid害怕的；bored无聊的；upset难过的。

根据“When I failed to clean my paintbrush, I accidentally made the sunflowers green.”可知自己的画没画好，看到别人画得好，感到沮丧。

故选D。

【19题详解】
句意：想要交换画作吗？
trade交换；hang挂；study学习；admire欣赏。

根据“Until that moment, I had felt only dislike for my painting. And yet for some reason, giving it away felt wrong.”可知提出的问题应是问是否要交换。

故选A。

【20题详解】
句意：我笑了。

criticize批评；smile微笑；understand明白；imagine想象。

根据“It always brightens my day and brings warmth to my room. I really like it now.”可知作者看到这幅画会笑。

故选B。

三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
（一）阅读下列课外活动介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课外活动，并将活动所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应的位置上。

选项中有一项为多余选项。

【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【导语】本文介绍了四项课外活动和三位同学的爱好和需求。

【21题详解】
根据Austin的爱好和需求的描述“I’m interested in nature and want to study environmental science at college”可知，Austin对自然感兴趣，课外活动D项的介绍“Multi-Xperience让你与大自然亲密接触，享受亲身体验”与之匹配。

故选D。

【22题详解】
根据Peter的爱好和需求的描述“I enjoy learning about far-off places in the sky and I hope to be an astronaut one day”可知，Peter对外太空感兴趣，课外活动A项的介绍“太空探险者给你一个机会去发现更多关于太空的东西”与之匹配。

故选A。

【23题详解】
根据Kathy的爱好和需求的描述“I love acting and my dream is to be an actor or a director in the future”可知，Kathy对表演感兴趣，课外活动C项的介绍“在谜语剧场提供的戏剧课程中你会学到一些技巧，比如说话清晰，使用肢体语言，以及通过面部表情表达感情”与之匹配。

故选C。

（二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Daisy经历的不可思议的一天。

【24题详解】
细节理解题。

根据“after she handed in her test paper, she was certain that the test had not gone well.”可知，Daisy交了考卷后，她确信这次考试不太顺利。

故选C。

【25题详解】
推理判断题。

根据“What Daisy saw in the mirror left her speechless. It was nothing like the picture! How could she possibly go to school again?”Daisy觉得新发型不好看，可推测她很失望。

故选A。

【26题详解】
推理判断题。

根据全文的描述可知，Daisy经历了上学赶时间、对科学考试结果的不自信、兼职工作被辞退和对新发型的失望，但最终事情都没有她想象中的那么糟糕，可推测，Daisy可能从那天的经历中明白了事情并不总是像看上去的那么糟。

故选B。

【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了短视频成隐的机制与危害；多巴胺是一种神经递质，与大脑的奖赏中枢相连；愉悦的经历会释放多巴胺；而多巴胺的释放加强了导致奖励的行为，使我们更有可能再次做出这种行为。

但是随着时间的推移，多巴胺的持续释放会导致大脑中多巴胺受体的减少。

这意味着需要越来越多的多巴胺来产生同样的愉悦感，这使得停止观看短视频变得更加困难。

文章呼吁我们注意看这些视频的时间，并把注意力集中在需要全神贯注并提供长期回报的活动上来。

【27题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段“When we experience something pleasurable or rewarding, such as eating a delicious meal or receiving praise, our brains release dopamine.”可知，当我们经历一些愉快或奖励的事情时，比如吃一顿美味的饭或受到表扬，我们的大脑会释放多巴胺。

故选D。

【28题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段“Each time we watch a video and experience the pleasure of entertainment or information, our brains release dopamine, strengthening the behavior of watching more videos.”和第四段“Over time, this continuous release of dopamine can lead to a decrease in dopamine receptors in the brain. This means that it takes more and more dopamine to create the same pleasurable sensation, making it even more difficult to stop watching short videos.”可知，愉悦的经历会释放多巴胺；随着时间的推移，多巴胺的持续释放会导致大脑中多巴胺受体的减少；这意味着需要越来越多的多巴胺来产生同样的愉悦感，这使得停止观看短视频变得
更加困难。

故选D。

【29题详解】
主旨大意题。

综合全文尤其是最后一段“However, it is important to be mindful of how long you watch these videos and focus on activities that require full attention and provide long-term rewards.”可知，本文通过介绍短视频了成隐的机制与危害，提醒我们要注意控制刷短视频的时间。

故选C。

【答案】30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍什么是心理韧性以及如何在学校培养心理韧性。

【30题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“Have you heard of mental toughness? Often talked about in relation to sports, mental toughness is characterized by the ability to always perform well under stress.”可知，心理韧性的特点是在压力下始终表现良好的能力，所以D项符合。

故选D。

【31题详解】
词句猜测题。

根据第七段中的“Mentally tough students have a clear idea of their goals, and their wills to achieve them are unwavering. They are not easily influenced by others’ opinions and are willing to step outside of their comfort zone to reach their goals.”可知，心理坚强的学生对自己的目标有明确的想法，他们实现目标的意志是坚定不移的，他们不容易被别人的观点所影响，并且愿意走出自己的舒适区来实现自己的目标，所以划线词的含义是“不动摇的”，A项符合。

故选A。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“Mental toughness is also about being open to learning, not being a know-it-all. Over time, the students who grow the most are those who like to explore (探索) things, looking for answers in books, online, or by paying attention to what’s happening around them.”可知，心理韧性也意味着乐于学习，成长最快的学生是那些喜欢探索事物的人，他们喜欢在书中、网上或通过关注周围发生的事情来寻找答案，所以C项符合。

故选C。

【33题详解】
最佳标题题。

通读全文可知，文章主要介绍什么是心理韧性以及如何在学校培养心理韧性，所以B项符合。

故选B。

第二部分
本部分共5题，共20分。

根据题目要求，完成相应任务。

四、阅读表达（第34—36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
【答案】34. He was soft, sleepy, and huge.
35. They mostly stayed at home, taught Escort orders, and held his leash.
36. Happy and proud.
37. 开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：They are kind. Because they are kind to the dog and treat him like a companion.
【导语】本文主要讲述作者和丈夫养一只导盲犬的经历。

【34题详解】
根据第二段中的“In the kitchen, we saw the puppy, Escort, sleeping on the floor. Holding him for the first time was magical. He was so soft and sleepy—and huge!”可知，作者第一次见到Escort时，他是柔软的，昏昏欲睡的并且巨大的。

故填He was soft, sleepy, and huge.
【35题详解】
根据第三段中的“During the first eight weeks, Tyler and I mostly stayed at home, taught Escort orders, and held his leash.”可知，在最初的八个星期里，作者和丈夫大部分时间都呆在家里，教他命令，并牵着他的牵引绳。

故填They mostly stayed at home, taught Escort orders, and held his leash.
【36题详解】
根据最后一段“When I see pictures of Escort with the woman he has been placed with, I feel very happy.…The thought that he will improve her life makes me very proud.”可知，当作者知道Escort可以帮助他的新主人时，她感到高兴和自豪。

故填Happy and proud.
【37题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：They are kind. Because they are kind to the dog and treat him like a companion.
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。

文中已给出内容不计入总词数。

所给提示词语仅供选用。

请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①
38. 【答案】One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to know that you’re interested in the mascot design for our school’s Sports Festival.
The design is expected to be creative. It should show the sportsmanship and our school culture. Colourful and attractive designs are highly preferred. You can create your design in different ways. Both hand drawing and computer drawing are acceptable.
YouneedtosubmityourdesignbynextFriday,*********************************************.Please make sure you include your full name and class in the email.
Good luck with your design!
Yours,
Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一封电子邮件；
②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏信息提示，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。

[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。

引出有关体育节吉祥物设计事宜；。