教学设计3：Grammar

Grammar
TEACHING PROCEDURES
StepI预习检测(学生活动)
Ask the students to recite some words and expressions of this unit.
Ask the students to answer some questions about the grammar.
StepII导入新课，明确目标（教师活动）
1.Learning aims
Enable Ss to use the The use of the passive infinitive correctly..
2. 翻译下列句子
1)我想尽快有个假期I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .
2)老师进来的时候他们假装在学习。

They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.
3)很抱歉让你一直等着。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
4)据说他写了一部小说。

He was said to have written a novel.
5)据说他整个月都和专家们一起工作。

He was said to have been working with the experts all the month.
6)下个月竣工的那栋楼是我们的体育馆
The building to be finished next month is our stadium.
7)为了学好英语，我们除了说英语外别无选择．
We have no choice but to speak English so as to learn English well.
8)我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。

I was delighted to be invited to her party.
StepIII师导生学，互动探究（师生互动）
动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。

当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).
eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.
2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。

e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.
3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.
He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.
4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.
eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
StepⅣ不定式被动式的用法: （group work小组互动，交流展示）
He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.
She was glad to have been given so much help.
The meeting to be held is of great importance.
The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. This house seems to have been built by a good architect
Little else remains to be done today.
I was delighted to be invited to her party.
总结归纳：不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,要用不定式的被动式。

不定式的一般被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动同时发生或在其后发生;
不定式的完成被动式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

一不定式的被动形式有下列用法:
1. 作主语：It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.
2. 作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.
3. 构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
4. 构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
5. 作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
6. 作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.
StepⅤ不定式的主动形式表示被动（合作探究，突破疑难）
1. 在there be+名词+ to do结构中，不定式与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果强调的是必须由人完成某件事，不定式多用主动形式；如果强调事情本身必须被动完成，则用被动式例如：
There is a lot of homework to do.
There is no time to lose.
Are there any more letters to be posted?
2. 在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中,常用主动表被动
常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible，nice, pleasant, light heavy, fit, interesting，important, expensive, cheap, dangerous等。

如：
He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with
The question is easy to answer.
3不定式to blame，to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。

Who is to blame？该怪谁呢? The house is to let.此屋出租。

4在too...to do sth.和．..enough to do sth.这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式to do sth.为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但有时也可直接用被动式)。

The writing is too faint to read (to be read)．
这笔迹太模糊，看不清。

These boxes are not strong enough to use (to be used) as a platform.
这些箱子不够牢，不能用来作讲台。

Step IV Evaluation standard （达标检测）
Finish the exercises in the exercisebooks.
StepV Summary and Self-assessment 总结与学生自评
1. The teacher summarizes today’s contents.
2. The students will be asked to comment what they have learned and mastered.
Step VI Homework 作业布置
1. Remember the important rules which learn in this class by heart.
2. Finish the exercises in Jin ban jiao cheng.
StepVII Pre-learning课前自学任务
1. Review readingII.
2. Finish the grammar quiz.
Record after Teaching
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