2006-2010年全国职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题与参考答案

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2010年全国职称英语理工类(A级)考试真题及答案
第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer,it'S driving me mad.
A.tolerate B.generate C.reduce D.mensure
2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.
A.equal B.immediate C.moderate D.great
3.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
A.bright B.unclear C.general D.bad
4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.
A.special B.private C.general D.good
5.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
A.
6.
A.
7.
A.
8.
A.
9.
A.
10.
A.
11.
A.
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第2
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit.Earth-based solar cells,by contrast,can only collect sun.
Light during daytime and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana,"If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth,it's a tough go."he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolu-tionary design,"he says.A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight,including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy.
But using minors introduces other chaHenges,including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting,says Schwartz.,
"he says..
years,.
16.
A.
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A.
18.
A.
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第3
(2)第27~
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface.It is a fossil fuel
(矿物质燃料),meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).
2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。

More than 65 million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs,costing one-third as much as electricity.In addi-tion to heating homes,much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide
variety of products,from paint,to fibers for clothing,to plastics for heahhcare,con-puting and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available.It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources.When natural gas is burned,it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale.Compared with some other fos-sil fuels,natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧),making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11.
4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output,making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
Russia,
Today
23..A.
D.
27.
28.
29.
30.
A.
D.
第4,为每题确定1
第一篇
say.
conditions of the early universe,sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages,"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.
The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe,and the researchers'computer simulation,which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone."sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process.The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being.
According to their simulation,gravity acted on minute density variations in matter,gases,and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun.The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar.
Dr.Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements,not just in later generations of stars,but soon after the Big Bang.
"This geneal picture of star formation,and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe,will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets,"said Lars Hernquist,a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report."The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated,"he says,"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele.ments further across the universe.So when you think about it.a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars,long ago."
Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe.
simulations
a stellar ob
"Dr.

"We must
massive star."
31.
A.
C.
32.
A..
C..33.
A.
34.
A..C..35.
A.
B.
C.
D.
第二篇The Iceman
On a September,day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita.1y.High up on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height (10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially
warm year.The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward.The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head.remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows.
Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I,since several soldiers had already been found in this area.A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father,who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
With modem dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old.Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder.It left only a tiny hole in his skin,but it caused internal damage and bleeding.He almost certainly died from this wound,and not from the wound oil the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of battle.It may have been part oi a large war,or he may have beenfightiing bandits.He may even have been a
in.
times.
36.
A.
C.
37.
A..C.
38.
A.
C.
39.
A.
C.
40.
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第三篇
also been shown to release endorphins in the body:these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans,in about1500 BC,and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe.
In 1544,a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift.Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal.The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink.
By the middle of the century,solid chocolate was becoming familiar.In 1765,James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States,introducing chocolate to the average citizen.In 1896,in Switzerland,Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate.
Since then,chocolate has grown enormously in popularity.One of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man,women,and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year.Infact,chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than any where else in the world.Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you,it should be eatenin small quantities and with no added milk.
41.Why is chocolate good for heaa and circulation?
A.It reduces pain and stress.B.It containS substances called flavonoids.
C.It releases endorphins in human body.D.It acts like aspirin to protect heart.
42.When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________,it soon became fashionable.
A.as a drink B.as a gift C.as food D.as a medicine
43.What does James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate?
A.They produce the first mild chocolate.B.They introduce chocolate to Europe.
C.
44.
A.
added milk
C..45.
A.
第5
,classified,

,enjoyment
But now it is believed that,whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well,many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared worldwide.___________(47).The Mind Reading is a systematic record of each of these expressions being acted out.
The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism,who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion.But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses.Novelists,actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expression,and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development.
Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion.________(48).Using thisdefinition,1,512 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre.sented a separate emotion,or if they were synonyms.That list was whittled down to 412,arranged in24 groups.from"afraid"to"wanting".
Once the emotions were classified.a DVD seemed the most efficient way to display them.In Mind Reading,each expressions is acted out-six times,by six different actors-in three seconds.
_______(49).The explanation for this is simple:we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words,but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face."It was really clear when the actors had got it right,"says Cathy Collis,who directed the DVD.
BUt though we find it difficult to describe many emotions,we instantly recognize one when we see one."Even when the actors were strnggling to get an emotion,there was a split second when it was absolutely there.It was really clear when they'd got it,"Cathy Collis,who directed the DVD."Although the actors were given some direction,they were not told which facial muscle they should move."She added__________(50)For example,when someone feels contempt,you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E..F..
第6
定1

Israel, 5 milliliters of water.
German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously intodrinkable water."The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources_______(52)thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic ceils,_________(53)makes this methodcompletely energy-autonomous.It will_______(54)function in regions where there is no electricalinfrastructure."says Siegfried Egner,head of the research team.The principle of the_______ (55)is as follows:hygroscopic brine-saline solution which absorbs moistureruns down a tower-shapedunit and absorbs water from the air.It is then sucked_________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails.Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine,whichis diluted by the water it has________(58).
Because of the vacuum,the boiling point of the liquid is lower thaa it would be under_____ (59)atmospheric pressure.This effect is known from the mountains:as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley,water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100~C.The evaporated,non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a
completely filled tube in a controlled manner.The gravity of this water column_________(60)produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
"The concept is suitable for various water_________(62).Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,"says Egner.Prototypes have been built for______
(63)system components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientistshave
Mready________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale.In a further________(65)the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility.
51.A.road B.channel C.way D.path
52.A
53.A
54.A
55.A
56.A
57.A
58.A
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60.A
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第1
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
A
5
A mist
B fog
C mystery
D secret
6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation,
A annoyed
B troubled
C angered
D aroused
7Academic records cannot be duplicated.
A borrowed
B purchased
C rewritten
D copied
8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research
A fastened
B encouraged
C raised
D initiated
9We have ample money for the journey
A some
B little
C extra
D enough
10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me.
A patients
B miracles
C illness
D recovery
11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.
A monotonous
B endless
C serious
D bitter
12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment
A old
B unforgettable
C funny
D unfair
13 You didn't adhere to these principles.
A follow
B order
C prove
D handle
14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.
A empty
B hairless
C bare
D smooth
15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.
A expressions
B warnings
C instructions
D advertisements
第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
A
) are
China is one country where the portents (征兆) are gloomy. The most water-stressed country in East Asia, China is exploiting 44% of its usable water, a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2020. Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although China's total use appears still to be reasonable, it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.
Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and will exceed them in India by 2020. In the Middle East and North Africa, only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers (蓄水层) - bodies of water-bearing rock - the report says.
16It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18Most of the world's population may live within 100km of the sea in 2025.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21The World Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22India exceeds environmental limits for water use.
A
第3
题;(2
1
2
(基因组
(优先
3
4
5By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing (找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration (改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.
23Paragraph 1 .24Paragraph 2 .25Paragraph 3 .26Paragraph 4 .
A Reasons for HIV resistance
B Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans
C Effective AIDS treatment
D Genetic similarities between chimps and humans
E Chimps' resistance to HIV
F Genetic differences between chimps and" humans
27Chimpanzee extinction may affect .
28There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and .
29Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting .
30The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to .
A
D
第4
下面有
rules.
"A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.
Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a
60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.
"His mum does the wash and cooks for him: in the end. he lives well." Masso said.
31The "Youth Emancipation" program aims at helping young people
A fight for freedom.
B live in an independent way.
C fight against social injustice.
D get rid of family responsibilities.
32It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in
A Finland.
B Greece.
C Spain.
D Italy.
33Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT
A parents' tolerance.
B housing problems.
C cultural traditions.
D unwillingness to get married.
34Which of the following statements is ,NOT true of Dionisio Masso?
A She is 60 years old.
B She has a boyfriend.
C She has three children.
D She lives in Madrid.
35The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by
A tired of.
B afraid of.
C cautious about.
D worried about.
第二篇Listening to Birdsong
A male zebra finch (雀科鸣鸟) chirps (鸣) away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when
Scientists alone or
Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates' songs, this suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize - and prefer - the songs of their mates.
Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up (活跃起来) when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way morns speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter (喋喋不休), and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.
36Which of the following is true about birdsongs?
A Female zebra finches are too shy to sing before males.
B Male zebra finches sing louder than females.
C
D
37
A
B
C
D
38
A
C
39
A
C
40Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?
A Chirping away.
B Zebra finches and their life.
C Birdsongs as communication.
D Frequencies of birdsongs.
第三篇The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In
new situations they'll be able to adapt, unlike today's mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing power,to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide "pleasure" and "pain" stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before= beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think.
one, they'll
With plummet, eventually the service
These embody
41
A
B
C
D
42Which of the following statements is true of the future robots?
A They will relieve us of many chores.
B They will take over the information industry.
C They will never surpass us.
D They will become high-cost commodity items.
43The author's main purpose is to
A describe the life of Hans Moravec.
B support the view that robots will play a major role in our life.
C make fun of the views of Hans Moravec.
D get people prepared for the threat of future robots.
44The word "plummet" in paragraph 6 means
A decrease.
B stretch.
C extend.
D grow.
45What does Moravec think of these future robots?
A They will look like previous biological children
B They will be humans' mind-children.
C They will create a dangerous world.
D They will rule the world.
第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。

My Life at Renda
I learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from being a teacher at Renmin University.
(46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students examined my big nose, while I was writing my name on the blackboard.
students who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job.
(49)
A
B
C
D
E
F
第6部分:完形填空(第51~55题,每题1分,共15分)
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to(51)people frequently. Although these fish perform a valuable(52)for earth's waters and for human beings, business and sport fishing are threatening their(53). As a result, some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark(54). Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their (55)waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,(56)people also swim. In fact, most
sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person(57) a sea animal, such as a seal (海豹) or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up, because those are the times when sharks are looking for(58). Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry (珠宝) may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely 'good sense of(59), with which it can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals(60)by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any(61) sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense and immune (免疫的)(62)against disease. Researchers know that sharks(63)quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62 A systems B processes C ideas D theories
63 A recover? B escape C return? D cut
64 A mental? B hunting C social? D swimming
65 A weak? B little C few D great
2008年全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题
第1部分:词汇选项(第1~5题,每题l分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1With immense relief. I stopped running.
A some B、enormous C little D extensive
2The scientists began to accumulate data.
A collect
B handle
C analyze
D investigate
3Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
A hit.
B passed
C reached
D led
4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
A possible
B profitable
C easy
D wise
5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.
A fact
B mystery
C statement
D game
6That guy is really witty.
A smart
7
8
9
A vague
第2
A
had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent(流行)in Germany,which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and
'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses,grasses and herbs,which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate(土层)that can be as shallow as l.5 inches,and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs,such as shrubs (灌木)and even trees,which require deeper substrate layers,and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic(美学的)benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you,some of the common economic and ecological benefits are:。

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