2019年西南大学春季[0057]《英语词汇学》辅导答案

1、The earliest known native language of England is ________.
1. Celtic
2. Scottish
3. Saxon
4. Anglian
2、In the 19th century, gold was first ________ in California.
1. incovered
2. recovered
3. uncovered
4. discovered
3、Which of the following word is NOT a compound?（）
1. darkroom
2. wet day
3. small talk
4. hot dog
4、“ex-” in ex-husband reads ________ and means ________.
1./Iks/, “former”
2./eks/, “former”
3./Iks/, “out”
4./eks/, “out”
5、My sister lives 1000 miles away from us, so I only got to see her ________.
1. once in a blue moon
2. one time in a blue moon
3. one time in a moon
4. once in a moon
6、In the Early Modern English Period, ________ exerted the greatest influence(s) on English.
1. Chinese
2. Latin and Greek
3. German
4. French
7、— Does Tom smoke?
— No. He is a _______.
1. unsmoker
2. nonsmoker
3. dissmoker
4. insmoker
8、Words such as priest, bishop, monk, nun, candle, etc. are of ________ origin.
1. Russian
2. Indian
3. Latin
4. Greek
9、Which of the following words has gone through the semantic change of pejoration?（）
1. queen
2. nice
3. vulgar
4. picture
10、Which one of the following abbreviations means “and so on”?（）
1. e.g.
2. i.e.
3. viz.
4. etc.
11、I’ll never buy a car, for it will only be a _________ to me.
1. hatched egg
2. fly in the ointment
3. white elephant
4. sleeping dog
12、We’ve all experienced unpleasant moments at which we have to _______.
1. chew the bullet
2. bite the bullet
3. bite bullets
4. munch the bullet
13、My husband is extremely ________, while I am extremely ________.
1. long-sighted, short-sighted
2. long-sight, short-sight
3. long-sights, shot-sights
4. long-sighting, short-sighting
14、I will take this $260 for now. ________.
1. D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
2. A bird in the hand is worth two in the wood
3. A bird in the hand is worth two in the jungles
4. A bird in hand is worth two birds in forest
15、If they _______ our offer, we will ________ their goods.
1. refuse, reject
2. reject, refuse
3. reject, reject
4. refuse, refuse
16、In “Tom’s family keep a good table”, the word table means ________.
1. food and drinks served at meals
2. none of the above
3. people assembled around a table, as at meals
4. the piece of furniture with a flat horizontal surface supported by one or more vertical legs 17、It is in the ________ that English became regularized and standardized.
1. Late Modern English Period
2. Middle English Period
3. borrowing processes of Greek element
4. Early Modern English Period
18、The antonym of “fresh” in “fresh bread” is ________.
1. faded
2. stale
3. tired
4. stuffy
19、American women were ________ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
1. refused
2. ignored
3. neglected
4. denied
20、Contrary ________ public opinion, this area has long been a heaven for all forms of insect life.
1. for
2. with
3. to
4. at
21、John turns his nose ________ Ann, which hurt her a lot.
1. up at
2. at
3. on
4. upon
22、It is its ________ that makes Old English fundamentally different from Modern English.
1. pronunciation
2. spelling
3. meaning
4. grammar
23、Mrs. Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see ________ on New Year Resolutions.
1. eye to eye
2. heart to heart
3. face to face
4. back to back
24、John complained that there were several pages ________.
1. missing
2. leaking
3. losing
4. dropping
25、We saw a(n) ________ of how to revive a person who has been almost drowned.
1. F. demonstration
2. spectacle
3. exhibition
4. show
判断题
26、Old English is a non-inflectional language.
1. A.√
2. B.×
27、There is no possibility for the word over to be used as a noun.
1. A.√
2. B.×
28、Conceptual meaning of a word is generally context sensitive.
1. A.√
2. B.×
29、The word nice has gone through a semantic change called “generalization”.
1. A.√
2. B.×
30、Connotative meaning of a word is relatively stable and insensitive to the change of context.
1. A.√
2. B.×
31、AmE and BrE shares all grammatical rules.
1. A.√
2. B.×
32、Comparatively speaking, ask is more formal than interrogate.
1. A.√
2. B.×
33、“Pragmatic meaning”can also be referred to as “contextual meaning”.
1. A.√
2. B.×
34、In the sentence, “More hands are needed on the farm”, metonymy is employed.
1. A.√
2. B.×
35、The word safe means the same in The child is safe and The beach is safe.
1. A.√
2. B.×
36、Lexical semantics is not only a subset of lexicology, but also a subset of semantics.
1. A.√
2. B.×
37、Answering the question “Will you marry me?”with “Yes, I will”, the speaker is using substitution.
1. A.√
2. B.×
38、In the English vocabulary, foreign elements made up a much bigger part in number than the native elemen
1. A.√
2. B.×
39、-ed in short-sighted is an inflectional morpheme.
1. A.√
2. B.×
40、Among the four words accepting, accepted, acceptance and acceptable, the first two are derived from deriva
1. A.√
2. B.×
41、The vocabulary of any language never remains stable; it is constantly changing.
1. A.√
2. B.×
42、Hyperbole has the effect of weakening the meaning of words.
1. A.√
2. B.×
43、According to cognitive semantics, our mind can be explored via the study of linguistic meanings.
1. A.√
2. B.×
44、de-urbanization is a word composed of 5 morphemes, all of which are bound ones.
1. A.√
2. B.×
45、For an English word, the shift of stress may indicate a change of part of speech; export is a perfect exampl
1. A.√
2. B.×
主观题
46、type
参考答案：
Type is the general kind of a word as listed in a dictionary. For example, “A boy saw a cat fight with a dog yesterday”may b based on type, according to the definition of which, “a”is used three times as the definite article and thus should be counted to which, each appearance of “a”should be recognized as a word.
47、blending
参考答案：
Blending refers to process of making a new word by combining parts of two or more words. For example, the word “brunc
48、meronymy
参考答案：
Meronymy refers to the part-whole sense relationship. For example, the word “body”and “head”, “arm”, “leg”, etc. have a “meronymy”.
49、context of situation
参考答案：
Context of situation refers to the immediate environment of the text.
50、specialization
参考答案：
Specialization refers to process where by a word of wide meaning acquires a narrow or specialized sense. For example, “bre means “the type of food made from flour, water and yeast mixed together and baked.”
51、generalization
参考答案：
Generalization refers to the extension of the word range, or the widening of the semantic scope. For example, “manuscript semantic scope has been widened to be “a copy of a book, a piece of music,etc. before it has been printed”.
52、polysemy
参考答案：
Polysemy refers to semantic phenomenon where a single word or phrase has several meanings. For example, “show” means noun and it means quite differently when it is used as a verb.
53、dictionary meaning
参考答案：
dictionary meaning: Dictionary meaning is also called “inherent meaning”. It refers to the meaning of words out of context, its dictionary meaning of “adult”, “unmarried”and “male”. In contrast, other related meanings related to unmarried man, su not dictionary meaning of bachelor, thus, are not listed as its meanings in dictionaries.
54、What is the structural invariability of idioms? Are there any variants for this characteristics?
参考答案：
An English idiom has the established form, one that has been accepted by traditional usage. The words in idiomatic expressi synonymous words, or put in a different order, without affecting or destroying the figurative meaning. The following examp idioms. The structural invariability can be observed by the following two examples:
See the structural invariability with a comparison between the following two sentences:
*I expected him to kick the bucket and kick it he did.
I asked him to write a letter to my aunt, but not to write it in English.
To sum up, the structural invariability of an English idiom is at least two-fold in sense. In the first place, it implies that Engl are reproduced in speech as ready-made units; secondly, unlike free phrases which may vary according to the needs of comm reproduced as a single unchangeable collocation.
But, idioms do have seven types of variants:
1) Variants differing in inflection: Inflectional information for English idioms is identical to that of non-idiomatic or lexical Verbal idioms can occur in a variety of tenses, e.g. Royal housekeeper spills the beans.
Nouns involved in idioms may be either singular or plural, e.g. There is an inherent fear that inflation is going to rear its h
2) Open slots: Some idioms have open slots into which any noun phrase (NP) can be inserted to meet the requirements of th
e.g. see NP through: to understand, realize the true nature of …
We saw through his superficial charm: he was obviously a liar.
3) Modification: parts of some English idioms are syntactically modifiable,
e.g. call the shots: to decide on the course of action, to be in charge
Why do you have to call all the shots? Do what you’re told. It is up to the boss to call the final shots.
4) Passive: many idioms can appear separated from each other in passive constructions
e.g. to turn the table on sb.: to suddenly take a position of strength or advantage that was formerly held by someone else
5) Topicalization: The topic is the part of the proposition that is being talked about or predicated. Topicalization refers to the
e.g. to pull strings: to use one’s influen ce over important people in order to get something or to help someone
Those strings, he wouldn’t pull for you.
6) Distribution over several clauses: parts of some English idioms can be spread over a main clause and a subordinate clause
e.g. a mold that badly need breaking
the United States is trying to regain face that was lost when President Clinton backed down last year.
7) Incomplete idioms: Some English idioms can be recognized even when only parts of them are present.
e.g. Count one’s chi ckens before they are hatched.
55、What is a word?
参考答案：
A word can be simple defined as the minimal meaningful free unit of language. This definition is to be understood in the fro
1) A word is the sound unit of language.
(1) A word is a sound unit (or unit of speech) for the purpose of communication. In this sense, a word sound in nature and Even the first word uttered by a baby is for communication.
(2) A word is a sound cluster conventionally sequenced. In this sense, the order of sound elements in a word is fixed and a word /ɡəu/, the sequence /ɡ/must precede /əu /, otherwise, it is not the word “go” at all.
(3) A word is a combination of sound and meaning according to the conventions of specific languages. For example, the so Chinese.
2) A word is the smallest free form of language.
(1) Words are free forms of a language, i.e., forms that can be moved without destroying the grammaticality of the sentenc “Bill” can all move freely and each sentence is grammatically correct.
(2) In contrast, the letters that form a word are fixed with rigid sequential order. A word is the smallest free form of langua or even its status as a word. For example, only “John”is a boy’s name, but not “Jonh”, “Jhon”, “Jhno”or “Joan”.
3) A word is the building block for phrase and sentence.
When separated from the phrase, sentence or passage, a word will be difficult to understand since it is no more than a “dead passages are contexts for the interpretation of words. In sum, words are the building blocks out of which phrases and senten
56、Brave it out, no matter how difficult it is.
参考答案：
无论那有多困难，你都应勇敢面对。

57、Be polite, but don’t kowtow to him.
参考答案：
对他，你应以礼相待，但也没必要卑躬屈膝。

58、I don’t like him. He speaks with too many “ifs”, “ands”and “buts”.
参考答案：
我不喜欢他。

说话时满口“假设”、“况且”和“但是”。

59、He that sups with the devil must have a long spoon.
参考答案：
与恶人交往，必须小心谨慎。

60、It’s im-bloody-possible to complete the task within such a short time. 参考答案：
在这么短的时间内完成这一任务绝无可能。

61、The proof of pudding is in the eating.
参考答案：
夸夸其谈不如亲身实践。

62、Once bitten, twice shy.
参考答案：
一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳。