词法翻译

1、增加动词 1). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。 2) . We don’t regret, we never have and never will. 我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后 悔。 3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。 4). He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。 5). Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. （compare this with S1) 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人 深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。
6. Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. 哈丽特阿姨时常慷慨地款待客人。 7. They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East. 他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。 8. There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。 9. Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活------扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 10. The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 该论文总结了计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的最新成 就。
（一）英译汉常用பைடு நூலகம்增益法
I．增加原文中省略的部分 1. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt that the atom can be split and its power used. （power后省略了can be） 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道， 原子可以分裂，原子能可以利用。 2. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.（money后省略了are soon parted） 愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里 的钱。
4). The development of economy remains one of the priorities of the Chinese Government. 发展经济仍然是中国政府的首要课题/任务之一。 5). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。 6). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。 7). A new kind of car—small, cheap—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意——这种 轿车体积小，价钱便宜。
7. Population increase and decrease relatively not only to one another, but also to natural resources. 人口的增减不仅彼此有相对关系，而且也和自 然资源有相对关系。 8. Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你 会悔改呢？ 9. Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任一物体 都会受到空气的作用力。
Rocket research has proved the strange fact….. 通过火箭进行研究…… How she wished she could send that man to the Furies—for the punishment she thought he deserved. Furies [希神]复仇女神(“土地”和“黑暗”的 三个女儿, 以清算罪恶为职责, 被描绘成庄严、 美丽的女郎, Fury 为其中之一) 她真想把那个臭男人交给那母夜叉去整治整治, 也好让她出口恶气。
8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。 9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国 去了旧金山。
3. Both human and cow milk are naturally spiced with a small amount of morphine.（human后省略了milk） 人乳与牛乳均含有少量吗啡。 4. So-called convenience and frozen foods are now as popular in Europe as they are in America. 如今，所谓的方便食品和速冻食品风靡欧洲，就像在美国一 样大众化。 5. The heart is slightly bigger than a fist, and lies between the lungs. 心脏略大于一个拳头，位于两肺之间。 6. Women have outgrown the jumping-on-chair-at –the-sightof-a-mouse era, but he says that they have not. 女性已经不再像从前那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；而 他则认为，今天的女性还没有取得这样的进步。
Examples:
presidential historian “总统的历史学家” 研究总统的历史学家 For mistakes had been made, bad ones, he was severely criticized. “因为已经犯了错误，很严重，他受到了严厉的 批评” “因为已经犯了错误，而且是很严重的错误， 他受到了严厉的批评”
4、增加语气词或量词 1). Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you. 不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。 2). As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful and undefeated. 那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不 沮丧 4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon. 一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。
2. 增加形容词或副词 1). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！ 2). The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 4). She lingered long over his letter. 她反反复复地回味着他的来信。 5). In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together. 在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机 手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。
词法翻译
Amplification（增词法）
By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic construction—to secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic completion—to secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.
to persuade 说服 persuasion说服工作 to prepare 准备 preparation准备工作 backward 落后 backwardness落后状态 tense 紧张 tension紧张局势 arrogant 自满 arrogance自满情绪 mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为 antagonistic敌对 antagonism 敌对态度
3. 增加名词 To do some shopping 买东西 To do some washing 洗衣服 1). First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。 2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持 生活。 3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不 堪了。
II．增加意义上或修辞上的需要的部分 1. He left without a word. 他一句话也不说就走了。 2. What a leader he was! 他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。 3. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones. 亲人的相继离世是他的一生充满了个人悲剧。 4. Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency. 失踪事件接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁。 5. She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea. 她热情地将客人们迎进来，然后给他们各端了一杯茶。