博士英语单词

博士英语单词
Unit 1
1.to have early memory（记忆）of
2.the entire previous history of humankind
（人类）
3.due principally (chiefly) to
4.to rescue (save) civilization from
5.the dread (fearful) shadow of diseases
6.the conscience(良心) and concern of scientists
7.driving forces (动力)
8.to advance/stimulate (promote) health
9.the amplification (增大) of the virus
10.tissue culture (培养)
11.killed and live attenuated (减弱) vaccines
12.national immunization (免疫) days
13.monitoring (监测) methods
14.the worldwide eradication(elimination) of polio
15.little reason for complacency (自满)
16.microbial (微生物) enemies
17.temporary (暂时) victories
18.be adept (good, skillful) at developing new defenses
19.to facilitate (使便利) the spread of epidemics
20.political and economic mismanagement
(管理不善)
21.the deprivation (poverty) of populations
22.to address (reduce) the largest disease burden
23.major scourges (灾祸) such as malaria and AIDS
24.in an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) way
25.talented (有才能的) young scientists
26.to underwrite (support) their mission
27.the stunning pace (speed, rate) of change 28.the potential, passion, and perception (洞察力) of
scientists
29.need to be tapped (explored)
30.to address (meet, satisfy) global health needs
31.to make deliberate (存心的) use of it
32.to bear (keep) in mind that
33.in this context (case)
34.strategically (战略上) placed on
35.the scientific underpinning (支柱) of policy
36.evidence-based (循证) policy
37.policy setting (establishment)
38.to bear on (影响) the well-being of people
39.a terminally ill patient (临终病人)
40.metastatic (转移) renal cancer
41.our beloved (热爱的) profession
42.our zeal (enthusiasm) for medical science
43.bedside (clinical) care
44.to conduct groundbreaking (突破的) research
45.a noble (崇高的) calling
46.an oral formulation (口服制剂) of morphine
47.bone metastasis (转移)
48.radicular (根的) pain
49.spinal (脊柱) root
50.to counsel (忠告/会诊) the terminally ill patient
51.to reflect upon (反省) my profession
52.caring and compassionate (有同情心的)
53.chemotherapeutic (化疗) agents
54.to shower their patients with genuine (true) love and compassion
55.the emotional and physical (身体的) support
56.dignity (尊严) and compassion
57.the teamwork (cooperation) of physicians and nurses
58.to attend to (address, meet, satisfy) the physical needs of the sick
59.the bureaucrats (官僚) and administrators
60.the inflated (通货膨胀) price tag
61.precious (very, extremely) few
62.the thread of litigation (诉讼)
63.to develop an ethical, legal, and economic consensus (agreement)
64.to allocate (分配) these resources
65.to pass health care legislation (立法)
66.assembly-line mentality (思想)
67.unethical in the extreme (极，非常)
68.the application of scientific inquiry (investigation)
69.to die naturally and humanely (仁慈/人道)
70.inauguration (就职) speech
71.to garner (acquire, gain, obtain) more support
72.venture (go) beyond
73.the walls of the ivory (象牙塔) tower
74.a more entrenched (deeply rooted) obstacle
75.lip service (口惠)
76.an innovative (革新的) program
77.a growing nucleus (中心，基点) of
78.between academia (学术界) and industry
79.the messy fray (争论) of democracy
80.the scientific community (科技界)
81.a chaotic (混乱) realm
82.an enlightened (文明) citizenry
83.politicians and lobbyist (说客)
Unit 2
1.the acquisition (习得) of knowledge
2. a prized (珍视) commodity
3. the role of bread winner (负担家计的人)
4. the family boarding (供膳宿的) house
5. (勤劳) industriously generated profits
6. Dad’s consistent (一贯) message
7. extracurricular (课外的) activities
8. an avid (渴求的) reader
9. glowing approbation (称赞)
10. distinctly different flavors (滋味)
11. an academic (学院的) physician
12. to delight (热衷于) in learning
13. to need a reminder (提示)
14. collegial teasing (取笑) 15. at the crack of dawn (黎明)
16. to smile graciously (和蔼地)
17. in a very heavy accent (口音)
18. nostalgic (怀旧的) reminiscence
19. the privilege (特权) of learning
20. reverence (respect) for knowledge
21. a frustrating and inefficient (效率低的) process
22. to assemble (收集) paper charts
23. to become intimately (深深地) aware of
24. a young, enthusiastic, idealistic (理想主义的) person
25. a compassionate (有同情心的) clinician
26. to employ that knowledge reliably (可靠地)
27. to immerse (沉浸) myself in the hospital
28.jam-packed (crowded) emergency departments
29. primary (初级的) prevention
30. extraordinary (极度) waste
31. to remedy (correct) these problems
32.insightful (有见识的) teachers and colleagues
33. miraculous (奇迹般的) tools
34. to orchestrate (coordinate) conversation and cooperation
35. interdisciplinary (交叉学科的) teamwork
36. the medical establishment (system)
37. untapped (未汲取的) resource
38. to channel (引导) the energy into
39. exuberant (精力旺盛的) practitioners
40. disparities (差异) of quality
41. health care settings (设置)
42. introductory (导论的) science course
43. the distinguished (杰出的) committee of
scientists
44. natural phenomena (现象)
45.active inquiry (exploration)
46. quality assessments (评估)
47. to explicitly (明确地) measure
48. to energetically (积极地) advertise and explain
49. accelerate (加快) the redefinition of science
education
50. to need urgently(急迫地)
Unit 3
1. a general (普外) surgeon
2.specialty (专科) surgeons
3. a plastic (整容) surgeon
4. a hospital administrator (行政人员)
5.to review an untimely (过早的) death
6.to reprimand (训斥) a disgraced colleague
7.medical consultation (会诊)
8.the melding (combining) of music and medicine
9. a gifted (有天赋的) musician
10.to bestow (恩赐) the gift of prophecy
11.the camaraderie (同志情谊) of making music
together
12.a time capsule (时光锦囊)
13.a theme (主题) party
14.in the seasonality (季节性) of medical practice
15.the cruelest hoax (戏弄) 16.blossoms (生气盎然) of rebirth
17.child abuse (儿童虐待)
18.to become prevalent (盛行的)
19.domestic violence (家庭暴力)
20.psychiatric (精神病的) symptoms
21.to share similar concerns (忧虑)
22.to approach (treat) music as therapy
23.entertainment (娱乐) value
24.to remove one’s inner (内心) restlessness
25.to quiet the agitation (anxiety) of ceaseless
thinking
26.the reduction of psychophysiologic (心理生理)
stress
27.on a therapeutic (治疗的) level
28.the harried (烦扰的) left hemisphere
29.the limbic system (大脑边缘系统)
30.pitch and rhythm (节奏)
31.to have alternative (可选择的) plans
32.bodily (physical) health
33.enrichment (充实) of the spirit
34.nostalgic (怀旧的) foray into the music of the
190s
35.to add balance to one’s existence (生存)
36.the harmonies (和谐) and rhythms
37.statistically (统计上地) significant
38.anniversary (周年纪念日) dinner candles
39.the diagnoses that reek (散发) frustration
40.to rule out (exclude) fibromyalgia
41.a free-flowing account (叙述) of her symptoms
42.to resort to (诉诸于) the last refuge
43.the harried (烦扰的) physician
44.the wind-driven sleet (雨夹雪)
45.the capricious (变化莫测的) nature of the event
46.the conspiracy (阴谋) of machinery
47.near the edge (边缘) of tolerance
48.the internal combustion engine nature (边缘)
49.to restore equanimity (镇定) 50.a service profession (occupation)
51.poorly articulated (expressed)
52.to succumb (die of) melanoma
53.bone metastases(转移)
54.to ease (relieve) the loneliness, fear, and
emotional suffering
55.to have unrealistic (不切实际的) expectations
56.an attentive (注意的), understanding ear
57.the currency (流行) of the realm
58.the medical interview (问诊)
59.to notice my heart pounding (beating)
60.the feel of sweat on one’s forehead (前额)
61.a triage (治疗类选) sheet
62.grumbled (饥肠辘辘) stomach
63.racism and hatred (仇恨)
64.aches (疼痛) and pains
65.billing sheets (账单)
66.primary physician (初级保健医生)
67.to access (use) the computer
68.periodic (定期的) checks
69.to shrug one’s shoulders (耸肩)
Unit 4
1.with the advent of (随着……到来)
2.become laden with (full of)
3.corporate (公司) management
4.to articulate (voice) age-old frustrations
5.forward-thinking and laudable (值得称赞的)
concepts
6.preventive intervention (介入)
7.reparative (治疗的) interventions
8.those in pinstripes (商人) 9.conceptual (观念的) constructs
10.ostensibly (obviously) because
11.allied (同行的) health professionals
12.modern (常规的) medical care
13.to carry a connotation (含意) of
14.integral (组成部分的) components
15.to give the advantage of (有利于)
16.to dilute (稀释) identification
17.the recipient (接受者) of medical care
18.to endure (忍受) pain calmly
19.the vernacular (jargon行话) of managed care
20.more literally (确切地)
21.to provide an impetus (动力) for
22.of a Faustian (浮士德的) nature
23.society in general (整个社会)
24.to serve a nominative (称谓的) function
25.too obtuse (迟钝的) to declare openly
26.as accurately (精确地) as possible
27.the jargon (vernacular) of managed care
28.in the final analysis (总之)
29.to make a career of (以……为事业)
30.to acquiesce to (默许) the shifting currents
31.the timbre (基调) of the debate
32.to stretch (extend) myself toward the model
33.seemly, fitting, and decent (正派的)
34.to increase consistency (一致) of record keeping
35.to decrease the cost of transcription (抄写)
36.on a whim (一时的兴致)
37.to leaf through (翻阅) records
38.the terse (precise) language
39.between tidy and almost illegible (难以辨认的) 40.a reproducible (可复制的) and less personal
format
41.to stir (使激动) and touch me
42.peripheral neuropathy (神经病)
43.a mind jumbled and bruised (挫伤)
44.with my own slant (观点) on things
45.to scratch their head (搔头皮)
46.to decipher (decode) what I really meant
47.loopy (眼花缭乱的) handwriting
48.hospice (临终关怀) volunteer
49.to make eye contact (眼神交流)
50.behavioral (行为的) disturbance
51.have the right to privacy (隐私)
52.depressive disorder(忧郁症)
53.a concrete (具体存在的) plan
54.to voice (articulate) grievances
55.without discrimination or reprisal (报复)
56.the newspaper obituary (讣告)
57.outrageous (大胆的) acts
58.everyday rebellion(反抗)
Unit 5
1.annual (yearly) meeting
2.especially timely (in time)
3.harsher (严厉的) penalty
4.scientific illiteracy (ignorance无知的)
5.unprecedented (前所未有的) financial and policy support
6.the general citizenry (公民)
7.to hold scientists in high regard (respect)
8.the integrity (honesty 正直的) and credibility of science
9. a spate of (大量) recent incidents
10.research accomplishments (成就)
11.the implication (影响或结果) of scientific discoveries
12.substantial (巨大的) tension
13.religious (宗教的) beliefs
14.embryonic (胚胎的) stem cells
15.scientific advance (进展)
16.a high priority (当务之急，头等大事) for
17.a genuine (真诚的) dialogue
18.inappropriate (improper) behavior
19.to a degree out of proportion (不成比例的) to
20.widely publicized (宣传) examples
21.scientific misconduct（不端行为）
22.accusations (指控/责) of misconduct
23.to tarnish (败坏) the image
24.to diminish (降低) the credibility of
25.the entire scientific enterprise (事业)
26.undisclosed (未披露的) conflicts of interest
27.to overinterpret (夸大其词) scientific facts
28.scientific behavioral norms (规范) and standards
29.allegorically (比喻地) speaking
30.to listen for clues (evidence) of disease
31.to look for signs of pathology (病理)
32.bloodshot (充血的) eyes
33.to no avail (无济于事)
34.blunt chest trauma (创伤)
35.mutual parting of the way (分道扬镳)
36.declared (公然的) and naked hate
37.medicolegal (法医学的) liabilities
38.in imminent (immediate) danger
39.in the ideal and neutral configuration (处境) 40.to update (更新) him on his condition
41.to order serial radiographs (系列X光照相检查)
42.to obtain daily arterial (动脉的) blood gases
43.to follow hematocrits (血细胞比溶)
44.a broken, ailing (病态的), and sorry soul
45.surgical intervention (介入)
46.shell of prejudice (歧视)
47.intellectual (理智的) isolation
48.to accept consolation (安慰)
49.legend has it (据传说)
50.an inscription (碑文) bearing the words
51.to uncover (reveal) truths
52.odd scraps (零碎) of evidence
53.the paucity (lack) of data
54.gender (sex) roles
55.the combustibility (易怒性) of the interface
56.to steer clear of (avoid)
57.under the unifying framework (框架)
58.human behavioral ecology (生态学)
59.to pursue (explore) similar questions
60.the ethnographic (人种学的) data
61.outdated (obsolete陈旧的) versions
62.mathematical (数学的) analyses
63.to foster (nurture 营养物) dialogue between
64.highly interconnected (互相连接) cities
65.from diverse (distinct 不同的) areas of research
66.to deliver (present) an optimistic message Unit 6
1.successive (相继的) generations
2.functionality and versatility (多用途)
3.added (附加的) functionality
4.moral (道德) standards
5.ethical (伦理) principles
6.behavioral (行为的) guidelines rule
7. a long and arduous (艰巨的) evolutionary process
8.social discord (不和谐)
9.to make improvements (改进)
10.remote ancestors (祖先)
11.the evolutionary (进化的) tree
12.solitary (独居的) predators
13.an extended family (大家庭)
14.wondering (居无定所的) bands
15.an embryonic (萌芽期的) golden rules
16.the physical environment (周围环境)
17.parental supervision (监护)
18.the practice of monogamy (一夫一妻的)
19.verbal symbols (语言符号)
20.ancestral primates (灵长类)
21.Homo sapiens (智人)
22.archaic (古时的) humans
23.in extreme (极端的) cases
24.think in abstraction (抽象)
25.in profoundly (vitally) important ways
26.to populate (定居) the habitable world
27.formed confederations (同盟) of tribes
28.multiplied explosively (剧增地)
29.on a grander (large) scale
30.trade and commerce (商业)
31.cultural markers (标识)
32.conventions (社会习俗) in dress and manners
33.the basic template (model)
34.kingdoms and empires (帝国) 35.the time frames (时段)
36.at the dawn (拂晓) of a new millennium
37.galloping (飞驰的) technological change
38.to facilitate (promote) cooperation
39.fully explored and defined (定义)
40.our archive (档案) of past experience
41.fore-thinking (超前意识的) imagination
42. a date with immortality (流芳百世)
43.natural riches (resources)
/doc/0e6511366.html mon kinship (亲属关系)
45.to have a social dimension (aspect)
46.noble ambition (抱负)
47. a fiercely (激烈地) competitive world
48.impartial (无偏见的) consideration
49.pretexts and apologias (定居)
50.the scientific enterprise (事业)
51.to pay particular heed (attention) to
52.social implications (consequences)
53.the scientific endeavor (effort)
54.trust in authority (权威)
55.mores and prejudices (偏见)
56.objective and reliable (可靠的)
57. a stern (strict) restraint
/doc/0e6511366.html munal (collective) will
59.fertility (受孕) clinics
60.to create quite a stir (轰动)
61.an affront (冒犯) to human dignity
62.those on the fringes (极端的)
63.with credentials and track records (业绩)
64.to pioneer the use of (首先使用)
65.reproductive (生殖的) biology
66.surrogate (代孕) mums
67.adoption (领养) agencies
68. a jolt (刺激) of electricity
69. a staggering (惊人的) 97 percent
70. a reckless (鲁莽的) waste of time and energy
71.miscarriages or abortions (堕胎)
72.sickly or deformed (畸形的)
73.the sole (only) survivor
74.wrong instincts (直觉)
Unit 7
1.the scientific triumphs (accomplishments)
2.the past millennium (千年)
3.to honor (敬重) the origins of science
4.to give grateful (感激的) thanks to
5. a magical (神秘的) view
6.in concrete (具体的) terms
7.rational (理性的) argument
8. a natural mode (pattern) of thought
9.to be beautifully illustrate (举例说明)
10.to have the honor (荣幸) of
11.the opposite angles (对角)
12.the centre of gravity (重心)
13.to arrived at (reach) a proof
14.an elegant rebuttal (反驳)
15.applied (应用) mathematician
16.vigorous (激烈的) debate and discussion
of evidence
17.the admiration (赞赏) of one’s peers
18.to challenge authority (权威)
19.to point out forcibly (强烈地)
20.debt and credit (借贷)
21.political disputes (争论)
22.social castes (争论) 23.national boundaries (国界)
24.philosophical distinctions (辨别)
25.in the philosophy biz (圈子)
26.a dichotomy or a continuum (连续体)
27.mental constructs(构想)
28.highly abstract (抽象的) things
29.to spill much ink over (花了大量笔
墨)
30.autonomous (独立自主的) individuals
31.dress code (规范)
32.at one’s core (核心)
33.the interaction of molecules (个人)
34.primary (基本) sensations
35.the end of the scale (标度终点)
36.a highly vociferous (激励的) debate
37.in circles (在哲学圈) of philosophy
38.wet-blankets (扫兴的人) at parties
39.abstruse (深奥的) conditions
40.chemical composition（成分）
41.at the cutting edge (前沿) of science
42.genetically transgenic (转基因) crops
43.to make headlines (成为报纸的头条新
闻)
44.the influential (有影响的) climate
researcher
45.to strike a balance (达到平衡)
46.the justifiability (合理性) of animal experiments
47.celebrity endorsement (support)
48.sliding down a slippery slope
millennium (千年)
49.to make assertions (claims)
50.eminent (著名) researchers
51.to sign a declarations (宣言)
52.an impressive rejoinder (rebuttal)
53.to trace (追溯) the origins of
54.to engender (produce) trust in
55.the imprimatur (recognition) of the
scientific academy
56.in the refereed (参考) literature 57.lobby groups(游说集团) 58.to place a clear obligation (responsibility)
on
59.to substantiate (prove) it with
evidence
60.in all probability (很可能地)
61.intellectual authority (权威)
62.to provide invaluable weight (重量) of
evidence
63.mandatory (强制的) in drug discovery
64.the reliable (可信的) outcome
65.toxicity (毒性) testing
66.to toss a coin(抛硬币决定)
67.authority figures (人士)
68.scientific credibility (可信地)
69.expensive and time-consuming (耗时)
70.intellectual integrity (honesty)
Unit 8
1. the theory of relativity (相对论)
2. thinking strategies (策略)
3. to illuminate (阐明) nothing
4. the pile of data(成堆的数据)
5. Run-of-the-mill (ordinary) physicists
6. extraordinary (非凡的) genius
7. an extraordinary (异常地) high IQ
8. considerable debate (argument)
9. average (平均) intelligence
10. to fixate (concentrate on) something
11. the most promising (likely) approach
12. arrogantly (傲慢地) certain of 13. to find a needle in a haystack (大海捞针)
14. to be stuck on a problem(遇上)
15. skewed (偏离) by the Prism of past experience
16. to foster rigidity (僵化) of thought
17. superficially (浅薄地) similar
18. to lead the thinker astray (误入歧途)
19. a gene pool (基因库)
20. genetically encoded (编码) wisdom
21. a rich repertoire (collection) of ideas and concepts
22. to survive and prosper (蓬勃发展)
23. to become stagnant (停滞的)
24. the most distinguished (卓越的) experts
25. to be conditioned (制约的) to think
26. an expert (专家的) taxonomist
27. the textbook case (典型例子)
28. analogous (可比拟的) to biological evolution
29. a rich diversity of alternatives and conjectures (假设)
30. a departure (背离) from reproductive (retained) knowledge
31. a prodigious (immense) variety of novel and original
ideas
32. a thumbnail (简略的) description
33. biased (有偏见的) toward his usual way of seeing things
34. the essence (实质) of the problem
35. to abandon (抛弃) the initial approach
36. an environment-friendly (环保的) fuel
37. to make his thought graphically (通过图表) visible
38. visual and spatial (空间的) abilities
39. immense (huge) productivity
40. the laws of heredity (遗传)
41. to make juxtapositions (并置)
42. to tolerate ambivalence (矛盾心理) between opposites
43. two incompatible (不兼容的) things 44. to perceive resemblances (similarities) between
45. to draw analogies (类比)
46. to render an overwhelming verdict (裁定)
47. a cultural icon (偶像)
48. a rather fuzzy (模糊的) understanding of
49. the vastness (浩瀚) of the universe
50. previously held unquestionable (无懈可击的)
51. to cast (投) doubt on
52. the reliability (可靠) of the investigators’ conclusions
53. the origin (起源) of genius
54. to yearn for (desire) genius
55. the intermingling (mix) of culture, history, and life experience
56. a history dating back to (追溯到) Plato
57. to think the reverse (相反)
58. to govern (control) all organic life
59. an interaction hierarchy (order) of feedback systems
60. communities and ecosystem (生态系)
61. intellectual intuition (直觉)
62. to face strong opposition (反对)
63. a doctrinal (dogmatic) view
Unit 9
1.the sword (剑) in the stone
2.of ultimately lawful materialism (唯物论)
3.as concisely (简明地) as possible
/doc/0e6511366.html
anized systematic enterprise (事业)
5.to condenses (压缩) the knowledge
6.testable laws and principles (原理)
7.diagnostic (特征的) features
8.confirmed or discarded (rejected)
9.to abstract (抽象化) the information
10.aesthetically (审美地) most pleasing
11.universally (普遍地) accepted scales
12.rendered unambiguous (明确的)
13.proved consistent (一致性) with one another
14.ineradicable (根深蒂固的) technical base
15.to satisfy (address/meet) personal psychological needs
16.to consume (take) large amounts of time
17.to yield (produce) negative or ambiguous results
18.administrative (行政的) duties
19.original (原创性) research
20.no holds barred (无清规戒律约束)
21.the frontier (前沿) of science
22.an abstracted (抽象化的) world
23.the mother lode (母脉/矿脉)
24.to practice elitism (精英主义) without shame
25.to set foot on virgin (处女) soil
26.interpretation (阐释) and explanation
27.a scattering of icons (偶像)
28.a great deal of bickering (争吵，口角) 29.a loose confederation (联邦)
30.petty fiefdom (封地)
31.to hope for a strike(意外成功)
32.the least conspiratorial (搞阴谋的) of professions
33.the population at large (大众)
34.generous to predatory (贪婪的)
35.well adjusted to psychopathic (精神病)
36.casual (散漫的) to driven
37.gregarious to reclusive (隐居的)
38.clinically certifiable (可证明)
39.from venal (贪污腐败的) to noble
40.in the temple (殿堂) of science
41.to achieve utilitarian (功利的) ends
42.convincingly validated (verified/proved)
43.to steer (驾驶) for blue water
44.to suffer boredom (单调)
45.under varying (changing) circumstances
46.statistical (统计的) analyses
47.to reject null (无价值的) hypotheses
48.a reputable (声誉好的), peer-reviewed journal
49.indissolubly (坚不可摧) united
50.a whiz-kid (outstanding) professor
51.an obscure (无名气的) journal
52.to stiffen a slightly floppy (weak) argument
53.class or creed (信念)
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anized skepticism (怀疑态度)
55.social conventions (习俗)
56.mundane (世俗的) practice
57.publish or perish (死亡)
58.to cite generously and meticulously (一丝不苟
地)
59.to fudge (捏造) data
60.to vilify (贬低) our opponents
61.personal credibility (可信地)
62.driven, shaped and honed (磨练)
63.to humbly (谦虚地) accept realities
64.social imperatives (obligations) /doc/0e6511366.html
petitive ambition (desire)
66.an obsolete (out of date) ethos
67.to maximize (最大化) pleasure
68.to minimize (最小化) pain
69.to laud (称赞) a desirable personal characteristic
70.to avoid complacency (自满)
71.to be wired (conditioned) to respond positively。