从句与非谓语

• 3.After he had finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• After having finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• 定语从句要简化为分词短语形式时， 必须得 看定语从句的谓语时间和主句的谓语时间之间 的关系。 • 1.The men who were working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger . • 1.The men who are working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger .
• 4.The woman who lives next door is very friendly . • The woman living next door is very friendly .
• The woman next door is very friendly .
• That Duke won the game surprised us. • It surprised us that Duke won the game.
• Duke`s winning the game surprised us.
名词从句与不定式
• 由whether 或 what等引导名词从句一般简化 为不定式，其实主要是宾语从句简化为不定式。 此时的宾语从句中往往含有情态动词。 • 1. She can`t decide whether she should go with him or stay home. • 2. She can`t decide to go with him or to stay home.
定语从句简化的两个条件
• 1. 关系词只有在定语从句中作主语时 ， 才能把定语从句简化为短语。
• 2.因此当定语从句的谓语动作的时间与 主句的谓语动作时间不一致时，此时的 定语从句是不能简化成分词短语形式。
• 定语从句在不断变简化成其它类型的后 置定语，如分词短语，介词短语…
• 这种简化使得句子更加精简，但这种精 简也使得句子的意思产生了变化。
• 分词的动作是没有时间概念的。 分词动 作的时间概念要通过句子的谓语的时态 体现出来，与它一致。 • 因此当定语从句的谓语动作的时间与主 句的谓语动作时间不一致时，此时的定 语从句是不能简化成分词短语形式。
• Do you know the boy who broke the window?
• Do you know the boy breaking the window ?
• Jane`s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
• Jane`s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
名词从句与不定式
• 3. I don`t know what should I do . • 4. I don`t know what to do .
• 能够简化为不定式的状语从句一般只有 目的状语从句。 • I turned off the TV in order that I could fall asleep.
• I turned off the TV to fall asleep.
名词从句的简化
• 名词从句属于名词性的，英文当中的 动 名词 与 不定式 也具有名词的的特征， 可以当成名词来使用。
• 5. Please tell me how I can get to the bus station . • 6. Please tell me how to get to the bus station.
Exercises
• 1. After we looked at the map , we tried to find the right street.
状语从句的简化
• 只有当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相 同时，才能进行简化。
• 在三大非谓语中只有分词和不定式才能 充当状语。动名词不作状语，因ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้状语 从句只能简化为不定式与分词。
• 1. After I finished my homework , I played football with my friends . • After finishing my homework , I played football with my friends . • 2. Since I came to Beijing , I have made many new friends . • Since coming to Beijing , I have made many new friends .
• 1. There was no chance that Dave would come from the battle alive.
• 2. There was no chance of Dave coming from the battle alive.
that 引导的宾语从句
• that 引导的宾语从句抗可以转化为不定 式，也可以转化为动名词。这主要是看 主句的谓语动词的用法。 • I hope that I can drive to work in my own . • I hope to drive to work in my own .
从句与非谓语从句与非谓语从句与非谓语从句与非谓语定语从句的简化定语从句是放在被修饰名词的后面属于后置定语的非常重要的一种
从句与非谓语
定语从句的简化
• 定语从句是放在被修饰名词的后面，属 于后置定语的非常重要的一种。 • The girl who is standing next to is my sister. • The girl standing next to me is my sister . • The girl next to me is my sister.
• After looking at the map , we tried to find the right street.
• 2. Since we arrived here , we have made many new friends .
• Since arriving here , we have made many new friends.