Unit1Reading词汇及知识点课件高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选择性

过去分词作宾补常出现在以下情况 1. 用在表示状态的动词 keep, leave 等词后： They keep the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
Don’t leave such an important task unfinished.
Grammar:
The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through…..
which引导的非限制定语从句 其中，which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的先行 词是：_______， which 在从句中充当的成分是 ______。 所以该句子应该翻译为：
They went to London, where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的 时间。
动词ing 形式可以充当的句法成分
功能
形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
现在 F
F
T
T
T
T
分词
动名 T
T
T
T
FFຫໍສະໝຸດ 词现在分词作状语 时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随
动词的过去分词形式可以作的成分
功能
形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
过去 F
F
T
T
T
T
分词
.过去分词作宾语补足语 ( V. + 宾语 + done)
过去分词作宾补（此时的过去分词一般是及 物动词）表被动意味或者完成意义。做宾补 的过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系，即宾语 是过去分词的动作对象。
Grammar:
1. The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
这场被认为是起源于八楼的火灾…
Grammar: on Sunday night
介词的使用
注意： at night at noon in the morning on the morning of July 1st on a rainy day
in
年、月、季节及时间段（早午 晚）
In October; in the morning
现在分词作状语，其动词和逻辑主语呈主动关系；如果动作 与谓语动词同时发生或者基本同时发生，用一般体，既doing 形式；如果分词动作先于谓语动作完成，即用完成体，即 having done形式；如果是否定，即not having done形式。
Grammar:
The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
分词作定语一般情况下进行定语后置，即定 语部分出现在被修饰词之后。动词和被修饰 词（逻辑主语）之间呈现主动关系，即主谓 关系，用V+ing形式；动词和被修饰词（逻辑 主语）之间呈现被动关系，即动宾关系，用 V+ed （过去分词）形式。且分词作定语通常 情况下可以和定语从句进行转换。
according to figures released by emergency services
同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether
Grammar:
Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5…
本句中，that 的从句作fear的同位语，解释说明“恐惧” 的内容。 所以句子翻译为
—> 转换为定语从句：
According to figures _________________ by emergency services.
according to figures released by emergency services
—> 转换为定语从句：
According to figures which was released by emergency services. 其中which作主语，was figured 作谓语动词部 分。
I would like my wall painted white.
I hope the problem between these two countries settled.
过去分词作宾补常出现在以下情况 5. 用在with + 宾语 + 宾补结构中， 过去分词和宾 语是动宾关系。
The criminal was brought in with his hand tied and his head covered.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有： when和where，在定语从句中作状语。关系副 词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他 将有空。
_____________________________________________
according to figures released by emergency services
动词的过去分词形式可以作的成分
功能
形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
过去 F
F
T
T
T
T
分词
according to figures released by emergency services
He bought me a book, which was very useful.
他给我买了一本书，非常有用。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is
played all over the world.足球，一项非常有 趣的运动，在全世界流行。
With everything finished, I finally have the time to enjoy myself.
Grammar: …leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
所以这个句子中， Leaving people on the upper floors trapped
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有： who指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。
whom指人，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语， 此时不能省略。偶尔可以用who替代。whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在非限制性定语从 句中作定语。which引导非限制性定语从句时， 其先行词可以是主句中某个名词或代词，也可 以是整个主句，同时在非限制性定语从句中作 主语、宾语或表语。as引导非限制性定语从句 时，其先行词只能是整个主句，在非限定性定 语从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
Vocabulary and Grammar points
Vocabulary: 1. Firefighter 消防队员 2. Put out 扑灭；熄灭 3. Tower block 塔楼；高楼 4. Trap 卡住，绊住；陷阱 5. Release 释放；发布 6. Emergency services 紧急服务；紧急救援
◆Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. ◆Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her
three children to look after. ◆Reading carefully, you’ll learn something new. ◆Traveling by car, we visited many places. ◆He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
which were called at 9.30pm
Grammar:
By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.
建筑公司
翻译为：有一个令人担心的事情是建造这个摩 天大楼的建筑公司没有遵循防火安全条例。
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，它与主 句之间通常用逗号分开。若将非限定性定语 从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔 开。例如：
过去分词作宾补常出现在以下情况 3. 用在感官动词watch, notice, see, hear, listen to 等后
When we got home, I noticed my bedroom stolen.
He felt himself hurt.
过去分词作宾补常出现在以下情况 4. 用在wish， want, like, expect 等表示愿望希 望的一类动词后面作宾补。
句中leave的逻辑主语是the fire，主动关系； leave和动词spread基本时态保持一致 ，所以 leaving为现在分词做结果状语，翻译为：_____
Grammar:
The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 句中leave的逻辑主语是the fire，主动关系； leave和动词spread基本时态保持一致 ，所以 leaving为现在分词做结果状语，翻译为：_____ 这场被认为是从8楼开始的火灾在周日晚上很快 地蔓延了整个大楼，导致了高楼层的人们被困。
Grammar:
Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services.
Grammar:
Fire engines and ambulances, , reached the scene within 15 minutes.
on 具体的某一天，星期，节日
On Sunday night; on weekends
at
钟点、节日、（一段时间）的 起点
At 7 o’clock
Grammar: …leaving people on the upper floors trapped.
非谓语动词（现在分词做状语） 非谓语动词（过去分词做补语）
练习：将画线段转换成定语从句：
__________________________________________
Grammar:
Fire engines and ambulances, , reached the scene within 15 minutes.
练习：将画线段转换成定语从句：
过去分词作宾补常出现在以下情况
2. 用在get ，have，make的后面
a. 表示让某人做、让某事被做 I want to have my bike repaired b. 表示遭遇某种不幸，受到打击，蒙受损失 The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
动词、现在 分词作状语
宾语
地点状语
过去分词作 people的宾补
翻译为：___________________________
Grammar:
Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5…
同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一 些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说 明.