高三英语上学期12月月考试题 试题

2021学年度第一学期闵行中学高三12月月考
I.Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After Reading the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form. of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.
(A)
Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.
One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food 〔25〕________ ________ it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any(26) _________ (good) for the brain than many other kinds of food.
Another such idea is that you (27) _________ not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute (28) _______ chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.
Many of the ideas which scientists tell us (29) _________(have)no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was (30) _______ the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles (31)________; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when (32) ________ (eat)at the same meal form a poisonous combination.
(B)
It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that (33) ________ ________ a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect (觉察) chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’s brain. But recently Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, (34)________ ________ this common sense. She has found a way to “cure〞mice of their inborn fear of cats – by infecting them with a parasite (寄生虫), reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the(35)__________(shock)fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans,(36)__________pregnant women-it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine(尿)before and(37)__________it was infected by the parasites. They noted that normal mice stayed for away from the urine(38)___________mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the rest area.
But that’s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally (39) __________(think)-even after researches cured the mice of the infection, they no longer reacted with fear to a cat’s smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice’s brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse’s brain instead of making it sick like it does to human? The answer lies in evolution. Tosoplasma dondii can only reproduce inside a cat. So the parasite had to develop a way of tricking the mice into getting eaten more easily-thus(40)_______(help)itself go inside a cat-by taking away mice’s sense of alarm.
Section B
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
What are the things that first come to your mind when you think of the UK? Are they nonstop rain, polite manners, boring food and tea drinking?
Some of the UK’s national stereotypes are true, a new survey has found. For example, British people do have a tendency (倾向) to drink lots of tea.
The research polled (调查) 1,402 foreigners living in the UK on their opinions about the British way of life. Unsurprisingly, the majority (大多数) of them, almost 70 percent, said they enjoyed living in the country – good manners, especially UK people’s extraordinary ability to queue (排队), are the main reasons for foreigners’ appreciation (欣赏). More than one-third said they liked British people’s restrained (抑制的) approach to emotion.
However，there are aspects of British culture that are(45)_________upon. The heavy alcohol drinking culture(46)________as the least favorite trait, followed by the British sense of humor and the country’s bad weather.
It may not be too hard to understand why heavy drinking and bad weather are(47)__________.but wh at’s wrong with the British sense of humor?
British humor is known for being dry and satirical(挖苦的)，so it is generally more(48)_________.When it comes to making the British laugh, here is nothing more(49)_________than a socially inappropriate joke, noted the BBC.〞 Britons are more comfortable with life’s losers,〞 wrote English actor Ricky Gervais in an article published in Time magazine.
“The majority of nationalities have stereotypes fitted around them and Britons don’t escape this,〞 said Liam Clifford, the founder of Global Visas, the website that conducted the research.〞People probably come here with a stereotype-based
preconception of what to exa ct. It’s good to see from our surv ey, though, that in the majority of cases, this reputation is actually(50)__________upon living here〞.
III. Reading comprehension:
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Coffee can be considered one of nature's greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional(51)__________ without harmful side effects, (like alcohol or tobacco), and it contains a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is (52)__________ their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, (53)__________ they believe Coffee isn't good for you at all.
Well, here's the truth of the matter. Coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is (54)__________. In the short-term, too much coffee will cause insomnia, nausea and hypertension. In the long-term, too much Coffee will cause stomach problems, teeth staining, and high cholesterol.
As far as the benefits, moderate consumption of Coffee, (which means 1 to 4 cups
a day), inundates your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are
(55)__________ for eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve
as a buffer against negative elements, but if they aren't kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants (56)__________ that this doesn't happen.
The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be (57)__________ either. Not only does caffeine make you more (58)__________, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling (59)__________ or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your perspective. The stack of work that seemed(60)__________ before isn't even a problem now.
(61)__________, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body's functioning. That's why coffee is often (62)__________ with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs (63)__________ to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off
of alcohol. They won't be functional at all. But with Coffee, an individual gets
a creative boost while still helping their bodies.
In conclusion, don't feel bad when you're brewing your morning cup of coffee. (64)__________ a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, Coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage(65)__________. 51. A. reaction B. clarity C .freedom
D .challenge
52. A. improving B .damaging C .adjusting D .stimulating
53. A. though B .so C. while D. since
54. A. purchased B. cherished C. taken D. promoted
55. A .suitable B. responsible C. convenient D. famous
56. A. ensure B .assume C. threaten D. indicate
57. A. ignored B. achieved C. measured D .abandoned
58. A. attractive B. attentive C. alert D .approachable
59. A .incompetent B. guilty C. depressed D. embarrassed
60. A .doubtful B .unknown C .impossible D .improper
61. A .By contrast B. In addition C. For example D. In brief
62 . A popular B compared C. familiar D. associated
63. A. mean B. tend C suppose D .expect
64. A. Despite B .Without C .Apart from D. Unlike
65. A. at will B. at random C.in particular D .in moderation
Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Once upon a time it was boarding school adventures and mysteries solved by tweed-wearing detectives that fired young readers’ imaginations. Now, it seems, it is the promise of tales of blood sucking vampires, unstoppable zombies, howling werewolves and terrifying beasts that young audiences to pick up a book.
Teen horror is a genre that seems to be going from strength to strength, with titles like The Demonata and The Saga of Larten Crepsey by Irish born writer,
Darren Shan, topping the charts. Indeed Darren Shan’s success has earned him the title of ‘Master of Children’s Horror’ and his books, which also include The Thin Executioner and the vampire series The Saga of Darren Shan, have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. But what is it about horror fiction that so appeals to young readers, and just how scary do they like it?
‘I think horror allows teenagers to focus on real-life issues in a fantastical way, helping them analyze and make sense of the world as they are coming to great understanding of it,’ says Darren. ‘In my book, Lord Loss, the main character’s parents and sister will are slaughtered by demons. While that’s obviously not going to happen to anyone in the real world, many will lose people they love during their fo rmative years, whether it’s grandparents dying of old age, or friends or relatives in accidents. A book like this can hopefully help them prepare for when death strikes at them in real life. Good horror is always about helping us prepare for the darker aspects of life-and since we can’t avoid them, we might as well turn them into entertainment!’
Darren tours frequently, attending events in schools and libraries, and talking to young readers helps him gauge what they can and can’t take terms of frightening c ontent. He explains: ‘When I’m writing an especially terrible scene, I imagine myself reading it out in a live environment, and ask myself if I would feel comfortable doing so. If not, I’ll go back and tweak the scene. I have no set formula for deciding wh at is suitable and what is not. I simply go with my gut instinct.’66.What is the point of the article?
A. To recommend some popular horror books.
B. To analyze why horror fiction fascinate young people.
C. To explore how horror fiction benefits young readers.
D. To introduce how Darren creates horror books.
67.The underlined phrase ‘going from strength to strength’ in Paragraph2 is closest in meaning to .
A.Failing to attract attention
B.Improving imagination
C.Getting darker and scarier
D.Becoming increasing successful
68.Darren Shan thinks that his books interest young people because .
A.They are exciting and inspiring
B.They are about the darker aspects of life
C.They deal with real-life issues in a fanciful way
D.They teach people how to deal with real-life problems
69.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.Teenagers feel comfortable with Darren’s imagination
B.The more frightening a book is, the better it sells
C.Darren visits schools from time to time to promote his books
D.Darren sometimes changes his stories to make them less scary.
(B)
a. You get further discount on bulk purchases.
b. Your card is preloaded with a certain amount of cash.
c. You get the best discounts among the three promotions.
d. The cards can be used in many cinemas for many items.
A. a, b
B. b, c
C. c, d
D. b, d
72. What do the three promotions have in common?
A. They all have a minimum purchase.
B. They are all valid for 12 months.
C. They all need to be ordered ahead of time.
D. They can all be used on tickets and food.
73.In which of the following circumstances may a firm owner NOT consider bulk ticket purchase?
A.His customers usually don’t place big orders.
B.His sales staff cooperate well and perform perfectly.
C.He hopes his customers will always pay in time.
D.He hopes to be admitted into a social club soon.
(C)
ARE we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to m odern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,〞 Crabtree told The Guardian.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture, when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak gradually reduced.
This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going-you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework; the pressure of looking pretty you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence-if we think less, we become less smart.
These mutations are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past,3000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2000 to 5000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.
However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed a more diverse intelligen ce. For example, spearing a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than play playing chess or poem. Moreover, the power of modern education means a lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.
‘You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,’ Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science, ‘But now we have people his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adap tation.’
74.What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article?
A.The Greeks from 1000BC could have been the smartest in human history.
B.Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving than we do nowadays.
C.Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming.
D.Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence.
75.According to Crabtree, ancient humans
A.had much more genes that determine human intelligence
B.Were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressures
C.Relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligence
D.Developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the harsh realities
76.Some argue that Crabtree’s theory is false because they think .
A.People today are under much more pressure than early humans
B.It’s ridiculous to compare a hunter’s and a poet’s intelligence
C.Modern education is far more advanced than ancient education
D.Human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past
77.What is Thomas Hill’s attitude toward Crabtree’s theory?
A. Supportive
B. Unfavorable
C. Worried
D. Confused.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.〔No more than 12 words〕Proxemics (空间关系学) is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance: intimate, personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband
and wife. Beyond this comes personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters. Beyond this comes public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience.
All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception with representatives from the US and Arabic countries conversing and you will see the Americans pirouetting(快速旋转) backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as “normal〞. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit “pushy〞. The Arab, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being “stand-offish〞. Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them.
The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people conversing in coffee shops over a one hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, 2;
Paris, 10; and Puerto Rico 180. Not only dose it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less common for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today. (选自大学六级真题)
78.In proxemics, ____governs the standing space between two persons.
79.The word “stand-offish〞(Line 14, Para. 2) could best be replaced by_________.
80.In conversation with an American partner at an international reception, an Arab deems that close distant is _________.
81.We can infer from the third paragraph that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with_________.
答案：DAAA
第II卷〔一共45分〕
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1、这个新升职的经理真大方，资助我上了大学。

〔generous〕
2、文章指出，将来属于那些相信梦想之美的人们。

〔point〕
3、这款智能手机发布之前，我从未想到仅用一部手机就可以做这么多事。

〔Never〕
4、失败多少次并不重要，重要的是你能重新站起来多少次，并继续前行。

(matter)
5、环保人士之所以呼吁全国人民保护水资源是因为他们不想看到人类的眼泪成为地球上最后的一滴水。

〔appeal〕
II. Guided writing. (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
It is reported that Chinese tourists have recently been listed among the most unwelcome groups by a well-known foreign website on travel. Suppose you are Wang Fang, a high school student, please write a letter to Xinmin Evening News, analyzing at least two causes and giving advice on how to improve the image of Chinese tourists. Dear editor,。