2019高考英语浙江专用考前90天二轮复习讲义：考点五非谓语动词

考点五非谓语动词
考向研究非谓语动词在高考中常考查：谓语动词和非谓语动词的混用；非谓语动词作目的、结果、伴随状语；非谓语动词作定语；with复合结构中的非谓语动词；独立主格结构；-ed和-ing形容词的区别等。

技法点击
1．若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语。

一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。

一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。

若填谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。

2．若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从属连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。

非谓语动词需确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式还是不定式。

过关检测
1．(1)He volunteered to help control traffic，donating(donate) an hour of his time every week. (2)He volunteered to help control traffic and donated(donate) an hour of his time every week.
解析第(1)句中已有谓语动词volunteered，空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；第(2)句空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。

2．(1)Jim was listening attentively to the lecture and all his attention was fixed(fix) on it.
(2)Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，(with) all his attention fixed(fix) on it.
(3)Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，fixing(fix) all his attention on it.
解析分析句子结构可知，第(1)句为and连接的两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；第(2)句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)；第(3)句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

3．(1)He went into the room，sat(sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.
(2)They walked along the stream together，talking(talk) and laughing.
解析两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。

第(1)句为and连接三个并列谓语；第(2)句为and连接两个伴随状语。

4．(1)The guide leading(lead) the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
(2)The guide led(lead) the way，so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
解析两句的差别是连词so。

分析句子结构可知，第(1)句前半句为独立主格结构作原因状
语；第(2)句为so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致。

5．(1)The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting(permit)．
(2)The party will be held in the garden，if weather permits(permit)．
解析两句的差别是连词if。

分析句子结构可知，第(1)句后半句为独立主格结构作条件状语；第(2)句为if引导的条件状语从句。

技法点击
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语或其修饰的词之间是主动关系，则非谓语动词用主动式；若两者之间是被动关系，则用其被动式；若两者之间没关系，则可把非谓语动词的逻辑主语添上，构成独立主格结构。

过关检测
1．You buy a beefsteak but you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it，getting(get) it into your bloodstream.(2018·嘉兴基础测试)
解析主语you与动词get是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。

2．The post filled(fill) with comments from people showed how sweet the husband’s gesture was.(2018·杭州地区重点中学试题)
解析该句的主语是The post，谓语是showed，因此这里应用非谓语动词，且动词fill与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后臵定语。

3．The website asks visitors to join(join) in the movement to reduce the number of illiterate people in the world.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特一模)
解析句中visitors和join之间是主动关系，且是ask sb.to do sth.结构，故填不定式的主动式to join。

4．The country’s chief exports are coal，cars and cotton goods，cars being(be) the most important of these.(2018·江苏泰州中学二模)
解析句意为：该国的主要出口产品是煤、汽车和棉花制品，其中汽车是最重要的。

此句中有谓语动词are，中间无连词，因此此处要用非谓语动词，逻辑主语cars与be之间是主动关系，故填being构成独立主格结构。

5．In addition，national parks protect animals from the danger of being hunted(hunt)．(2018·四川乐山二模)
解析介词of后跟动名词，hunt跟其逻辑主语animals之间是被动关系，故填being hunted。

技法点击
若非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词之后或还没发生，常用动词不定式的一般式；若非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之前，则常用非谓语动词的完成式或过去分词；若非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作同时发生或非谓语动词表示经常性、习惯性的动作，则用-ing形式的一般式。

过关检测
1．(1)The question to be discussed(discuss) tomorrow is very important.
(2)The question discussed(discuss) yesterday is very important.
(3)The question being discussed(discuss) now is very important.
解析(1)由句中的tomorrow可知discuss还未发生，故用不定式的被动式。

(2)由句中的yesterday可知discuss已经发生，且又是一个被动的动作，故用过去分词。

(3)由句中的now 可知，discuss是一个正在发生的被动动作，故用being discussed作定语。

2．The artist is said to have been cheated(cheat) during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.(2018·江苏泰州中学二模)
解析句中考查be said to do表示“据说……”，再根据后半句可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式；The artist与cheat之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，综上所述，故填to have been cheated。

3．To receive(receive) your purchases in time，make sure the express company knows your address exactly.(2018·天津部分区一模)
解析句意为：为了及时收到你购买的东西，要确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。

receive 动作还未发生，在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式。

4．An archaeological(考古) survey，using(use) advanced technologies，has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km.(2018·东北三校联考)
解析An archaeological survey与use之间是主动关系，故答案为using。

1．The giant panda is loved(love) by people throughout the world.(2016·四川)
解析分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语动词，故空格处应作谓语。

大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda和love之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

2．Chen Xiao,30，a tourist staying(stay) in a minsu in Lijiang，Yunnan Province thought highly of minsu.(2018·辽宁大连一模)
解析通过分析句子可知，该句中已有谓语动词thought，且此句中没有连词，所以此句是一个简单句，故stay应用其非谓语形式，且a tourist与stay之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填staying。

3．Having been ignored/Ignored(ignore) for many years，the novelist suddenly became famous. 解析分析句子结构可知，此句中已有谓语动词became，且句子中没有出现连词，所以此处应填非谓语形式，又由于the novelist与ignore之间是被动关系且ignore的动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词作状语。

4．Surrounding(surround) the Forbidden City，many alleys were built during the Yuan，Ming and Qing Dynasties.(2018·湖南教育联盟联考)
解析句意为：在紫禁城周围，许多胡同都是在元、明、清王朝时期修建的。

此处many alleys 是句子的主语，与surround构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，答案为Surrounding。

5．Soon，a waiter in California who gives a customer a plastic straw without being requested(request) will be breaking the law.(2018·宁波模拟)
解析介词后跟名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，故用动名词形式作介词without的宾语，且request与其逻辑主语a plastic straw构成动宾关系，故用being requested。

6．Each year，Zhangjiajie hosts the International Country Music Week Festival，featuring(feature) international acts such as American country music group Lucy Angel.(2018·浙江高考模拟)
解析feature与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故此处用现在分词短语作状语，表示“以……为特色”。

7．The study finds that 20% of the injuries caused(cause) by car accidents are linked to sleepy drivers.(2018·新疆一模)
解析“(cause) by car accidents”作定语，修饰injuries，injuries与cause是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。

故填caused。

8．In places such as Shanghai，people eat tangyuan，a kind of small dumpling ball produced(produce) with sticky rice flour(粉)．(2018·安徽安庆二模)
解析句意为：在像上海这样的地方，人们吃汤圆，这是一种用糯米粉制成的小饺子球。

此处是过去分词作后臵定语，故答案为produced。

9．Scientists from the University of York，UK，found that chimps don’t appreciate listening to music，despite their DNA being(be) 96 to 98 percent similar to that of humans.
(2018·安徽六校教育研究会联考) 解析“their DNA (be) 96 to 98 percent similar to that of humans”是介词despite的宾语，介词的宾语需用名词或动名词，故该空填being。

10．I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to holding(hold) chopsticks.(2018·湖北八校联考)
解析在when it comes to...这一固定句型中，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。

故填holding。

11．As for travel by road，the electronic toll collection system helps enhance the efficiency of travel with the system updated(update)．
解析句意为：至于公路旅行，电子收费系统的更新帮助提高了旅行的效率。

此处是with 复合结构作状语，system与update之间是被动关系。

故用updated。

12．With time going(go) by，some people forget their ambitions.(2018·贵州黔东南州一模)
解析句意为：随着时间的流逝，一些人忘记了他们的雄心壮志。

此处是with的复合结构作状语，with＋名词/代词＋doing，用现在分词表示主动关系，故答案为going。

13．The researchers got the idea after being inspired(inspire) by the film，Star Wars.
(2018·江西重点中学协作体联考) 解析介词after后跟v.-ing形式，且researchers与inspire之间是被动关系，故填being inspired。

14．I happened to be standing(stand) next to him when the old man fell.
解析句意为：当老人摔倒时，我碰巧站在他旁边。

happen to be doing sth.碰巧正在做某事，故答案为to be standing。