英语翻译全本

英语翻译全本
ⅠGive your comments on the following titles and keywords or revise them if necessary.
ⅰTitle
(1) On Learning Foreign Languages and Cultural Background Teaching
Foreign Languages Learning and Cultural Background Teaching
(2) A Research on the Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Applied in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics Research on is redundancy, should be omitted.
An Application of the Artificial Neural Network in the Analysis of Structural Mechanics.
(3) Developing Computer Internet and the Spread of Culture and Information
Developing Computer Internet and the Spreading of Culture and Information
(4) Inputting Cross-Cultural Communication for More Effective English Teaching by Means of Inputting
Cross-cultural Communication in General College English Teaching
Not good
Inputting Cross-Cultural Communication for More Effective English Teaching—a means on General College
English teaching.
(5) Is Literature Useless in TOEFL?
Avoiding question title
How to use literature in TOEFL
(6) Innovation and Material Revolution
a little bit too general
(7) Phase Equilibria(平衡) Between Fluorothene (聚氯三氟乙烯)and Organic Solvents
good title
(8) Can the Rate of Wash Load Be Predicted from the Bed load Function?
Avoiding question title
The Prediction of Wash Load Rate by Bed Load Function (9) Focusing on the communication Skills-Advanced English communication Course for Non-English Major Postgraduates in Tsinghua University.
Good title
(10) A bridge between Two Worlds
too general
A bridge between Worlds X and Y
ⅱKeywords
(1)Keywords: English, vocabulary, tendency.(without full stop in the end of the keywords)
(2)Keywords: CollocationContextConnection (using large space between words)
(3)Keywords: Five-year plans; economic condition; industry statistical data; Foreign investnent; chemical industry (good)
(4) Keywords: water transfer, system analysis, DSS (DSS not acceptable)
(5) Keywords: mass media (too general)
(6) Keywords: nuclear waste, nuclear fuel cycle, remediation,
bioremediation, citrobacter, heavy metal
accumulation, uranium transuranic elements,
echnetium, tributyphosphate, ethylene diamine
tetraacetic acid(EDTA)
(too many words and two specific)
Ⅱwrite out the titles and keywords on the basis of the following abstracts
abstract 1
With the development of multimedia technology, more and more people get information by “reading” computer’s screen and it results in a new communication problem. When developing a multimedia presentation program, it is very important to organize the multimedia materials in the way
that “reader” control the program conveniently, concentrate on the main point quickly and enjoy the presentation easily. Title: A new communication problem in multimedia presentation
Keywords: Communication problem, multimedia, presentation
Abstract2
This paper examines usage of Chinese typography(印刷排版样式)in a selection of recent award-winning advertisements from the mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It argues that the visual expression of “Chinese”identify through typography reflects distinct cultural contexts in which the advertisements were produced. Title: One language, three system-Chinese typography in advertising in Mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan Keywords: One language, three system, typography, advertising
Abstract3
The Chinese cuisine(烹饪)naming has its specific cultural implications. Its primary motivation is characterized with straightforwardness, as the name of a Chinese dish usually
contains four parts: main raw material, subsidiary raw materials, way of cutting and way of cooking. Its literal translation into English generally doesn’t cause much misunderstanding. The secondary motivations of Chinese cuisine naming consist of the initiator’s name the animal’s name and the plant’s name, which are characterized with associativeness. The Chinese cuisine naming after the initiator’s involves cultural background knowledge. As an animal’s or a plant’s name may cause different associations between the Chinese people and the English-speaking people, the cuisine naming after the animal’s or a plant’s name may give rese to different cultural implications. Its translation into English often forms cross-language and cross-cultural issues. Recently, with more cultural background knowledge involved, Chinese cuisine naming has tended to become diversifier(多样化).We should follow the principles of stability and consistency in cuisine naming and its translation.
Title: Cultural implication in Chinese cuisine naming Keywords: Cultural implication, Chinese cuisine, naming
Abstract4
In the 21st century, the most fierce competitions are in the
supply of talented people of high quality, not in industry and scientific technology. If, to say, 20th century is still an era in which “wealth comes from material resource”, then the 21st century is going to be a complete new era in which “wealth comes from human resource.”To transform the “examination-oriented education” into the “quality-oriented education” is not a partial adjustment of teaching methods, rather, it is a systematic program that involves various concepts such as the change of teaching methods, rather, it is a systematic program that involves various concepts such as the change of education thinking, the reform of educational structure and the renovation of teaching methods.
Title: china’s education facing the challenge of 21st century Keywords: Education, challenge, 21st century
Abstract5
The global market competition and the development of new technologies have brought about challenges to manufacturing engineering. How to adapt the shop floor structure to the advent(出现)of the revolution of manufacturing philosophy becomes more and more important. This paper presents a policy based on s production-oriented software platform(POSP)which in
supported by a real-time operating system and database. The structure includes four parts: user interface, application management, communication device and real-time database. It shows that software platform can provided good flexibility to system design and reconfiguration.
Title: Software platform on shop floor
Keywords: software platform, real-time operating system, floor, manufacturing system
Abstract6
The paper describes the design of the underwater laser communication system. In our system, the light pulse produced by the LD pumped solid laser is modulated by the voice coder in the transmitter and recovered to voice in the receiver. The peak power of light pulse is 1000w at the rate of 16Kb/s.
Title: Underwater laser communication system Keywords: underwater communication, LD pumped solid laser
III Choose from column A the verbs similar in meaning to the verb phrases in column B.
Note there are more verbs in column A
A B
b 1.transmit a use up
f 2.assimilate b pass on
a 3 consume c get rid of
e 4 diffuse d put off
b 5 transfer e spread out
c 6 eliminate f. take in an
d use
d 7 suspend
e 8 increase
a 9 exhausted
d 10 postpone
ⅣMake the underline parts of the following sentences more acceptable in professional papers
1. After a hole was made in a core, a narrow glass tube was pushed into it and the cork was pushed into the neck of a bottle filled with colored water. ( was inserted, was inserted)
2. A reservoir is nearly always higher than the town to which it sends the water, so that gravity gives the push which carries the water through pipes to houses.
( provide the pressure, transports)
3. Archimedes watched and noticed that the water in his bath overflowed when he got in.
(observed)
4. People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white milky liquid, which is called latex.
(obtain, is known as)
5. But by experiment they found out that it is made of two important gases and very small amounts of the others.
(it was discovered, consists of)
6. The body then gets rid of this carbon dioxide by breathing out
( eliminates, exhaling)
7. The moon can be said to be like a large mirror which throws back the sun’s light the earth.
( compared to, reflect)
8. The reason is that the heat at the end of the silver spoon is pass on quickly from one molecule of silver to the next.
( transferred rapidly)
9. As explained previously, electrons travel round the nucleus, just as planets travel round the sun.
(orbit, orbit)
10. The molecules of the substance are in continual motion. They try to spread out.
(diffuse)
ⅤTry to work out the meaning of the given words and supply two other examples that you know.
Prefix/suffix word meaning your examples
Micro- microclimate 小气候microcomputer microscope
Hydro- hydrolyze 水解hydrogen hydromechanical
-logy biology 生物学geology physiology
Multi- multiversity 多人科学multimedia multiangular
-graph monograph 专论autography photography
Auto- autonomous 自治的autoalarm autobalance
-ion absorption 吸收action connection
-tude amplitude 振幅magnitude
ⅥGive antonyms of the following by using affixes
(1) Wax dewax
(2) Divisible indivisible
(3) Evidence counter-evidence
(4) Literacy illiteracy
(5) Connect disconnect
(6) Windy windless
(7) Application misapplication
(8) Metal nonmetal
(9) User-friendly user-unfriendly
(10) Delete undelete
(11) Realism irrealism
(12) Armament disarmament
(13) Fat anti-fat
(14) Nature denature
(15) Missile antimissile
(16) Mature immature
(17) Current countercurrent
(18) Advantage disadvantage
(19) Pollution antipollution
(20) Behave misbehave
(21) Artificial inartificial
(22) Material immaterial
(23) Performance nonperformance
(24) Matter antimatter
ⅦTranslate the following words into Chinese.
(1)Eco-friendly 环境友好，不破坏生态环境
(2)Movie-holic 看电影成瘾
(3)Short-circuit 短路
(4)Overstate 夸张
(5)Dust-free 防尘的
(6)Redox: reduction-oxidation 氧化还原
(7)PIP: picture in picture 画中画
(8)ROM 只读存储器
(9)Pinger 微波炉
(10)Overcharge 过载
(11)Three-phase 三相
(12)Underline 强调
(13)Biophysical 生物物理
(14)Machine-recognized 机器识别
(15)High-than -average 高于平均值
(16)Speedometer 速度表
(17)Moonman 太空人
(18)AI: artificial intelligence 人工智能
(19)Varistor 变阻器
(20)Work-holic 工作狂
ⅧAnalyze the abstract below, following the directions stated below, if possible.
(1)Categorize abstract
(2)Underline the topic sentence(s)
(3)Circle the supporting sentences
(4)Draw a box around the conclusion
1 (descriptive abstract 描述性、叙述型)
This paper compares East and West (American and Chinese ) campaign practices and reveals the prominence of culture and its impacts upon the operation of public communication campaigns. Specially, this comparative study shows that, Chinese and American campaign practices differ in (1) ideologies and perceptions; (2) approaches and strategies; and(3) implementations and evaluations. In running the campaigns, American rely heavily on mass media and concentrate on short-term goals, whereas Chinese depends more on interpersonal influences and primarily on long-term social effects. These differences in campaign practices are however attributable to their respective cultural orientations.
2 (informational-indicative 资料概括型)
This paper presents in a systematic way grammatical analysis and presentation of grammatical information in bilingual dictionaries on five levels, i.e., word class, subclass, grammatical forms, syntactic features and usage, followed by an explanation of how to display syntactic properties and functions of words through carefully chosen examples. It treats grammatical analysis as an essential process in corpus construction and explores the possibility of presenting more grammatical information in electronic bilingual dictionaries for the benefit of foreign language teaching and learning.
3 (informational abstract资料型)
Neuropathic(神经性的) foot ulceration (溃疡) is a major medical and economic problem among diabetic (糖尿病的) patients, yet the traditional treatment involves bed rest with complete freedom from weight bearing. We have investigated the use of walking plaster casts (筒型石膏夹) in the management of seven diabetic patients with long-standing, chronic ulcers. All ulcers healed in a median time of 6 weeks, but this therapy(疗法) was not without side effects. We conclude that casting is a useful therapy for neuropathic ulcers, through several clinic visits, including cast removal and foot inspection, indicate that it is necessary to avoid potential side effects caused by the casting of insensitive feet.
ⅨTranslate the following into Chinese, paying attention to the meaning of the underline parts.
(1)The computer will be out of order with a laymen
noodling.
外行人乱击键盘会使计算机程序混乱
(2)The machine serves as trouble shooting
这部机器用来寻查故障
(3)The problem is how to debug as soon as possible.
问题是怎样尽快拆除窃听器，问题是如何尽快做好调试(4)To stimulate themselves some of the young men are
crazy on rock and roll, break and so on.
为寻求刺激，一些年轻人迷恋于摇滚乐、霹雳舞等
(5)There will be a large proportion of baby cars in Chinese
market.
微型汽车将在中国市场占有很大的比例
(6)This kind of ball bearing is more effective.
这种滚珠轴承效果更好
(7)The test bed is five feet in length.
这个实验台五英尺长
(8)The prices in the Southeast Asian countries escalate
rapidly, because of the monetary crisis in this area.
由于东南亚国家的金融危机，该地区的物价迅速上涨
ⅩSimplified the following by noun clusters.
(1)This is bridge made of stone.
( this is the stone bridge)
(2)In the teaching of mathematics, the dominant mode of
instruction is generally traditional.
( in mathematics teaching, the dominant mode of
instruction is generally traditional)
(3)Students are expected to meet a deadline for the
submission of paper.
( students are expected to meet a deadline for the paper submission)
(4)There are signs that the rate of birth in the world is
dropping.
( there are signs that the world birth rate is dropping) (5)The introduction of competition brought vigor and
vitality into the enterprise.
( the introduction of competition mechanism brought vigor and vitality into the enterprise)
ⅪTranslate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the sentence structure of each.
(1)Strategy is an art of planning the best way to gain an
advantage or to achieve success.
“策略”是一种以最佳方式获得优势或取得成功的策划艺术。

(2)Here the point of view is the term generally used to indicate the point from which the paper is written.
“观点”一词一般用于指出论文的要点。

(3)Subordination is the technique of placing the less important thought in a subordinate position.
把次要的想法放在次要的位置，叫做“从属法”。

(4)This formula is developed on the basis of the previously discussed theory.
该公式是根据前面讨论过的理论导出来的。

(5)It is concluded that some of the parameters cannot be obtained by using the method shown in section Ⅳ.
可以得出结论：运用第四节中叙述的方法不能得出某些数据（参数）。

(6)Connect the equipment to the machine, Turn off the switch. Adjust input voltage to 10V. And note down the output current.
将设备连接到机器上，切断电源，把输入电压调到10伏，然后记下输出电流。

(7)Such evidence of a positive effect in Northern Hemisphere is something that all satellite observing
system experiments still lack.
在北半球出现的这一正面结果，表明所有的卫星观测系统实验是不够的。

(8)Potentially more useful data have been flowing down from weather satellites for 25 years, but only recently have researchers been able to show that such data improve forecasts made by computers, the backbone of modern weather forecasting.
尽管25年来人们一直从气象卫星获得对未来更有用的数据，然而直到最近，研究人员使用现代天气预报的主要手段---计算机，才证明了这些数据能够用来改进气象预报。

(9)Other technologies that have made slow progress are modern windmills and photo-voltaic cells that convert sunlight directly to electricity.
进展缓慢的其他工艺技术是现代风车和直接将太阳能转换为电能的光电池。

(10)Heaviside(海维塞) was not only a wonderful electrical engineer but also a mathematical genius. Owing to deafness he had to leave the telegraph office where he first worked and retired to Paignton (牌恩顿) in Devon(丹佛)，where he lived alone. He wrote a number articles were no doubt hard enough to understand before his editors made him condense them. They are far harder now.
海维塞不仅是一位出色的电气工程师，还是一位数学天才，由于耳聋，他不得不离开他工作的电报局而退休到丹佛的牌恩顿。

在那里他独自生活着。

他写了一些论文，在编辑们要他压缩他的论文以前，毫无疑问这些论文是难以理解的，它们现在是更难理解了。

ⅫTranslate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to their tense, voice and mood.
(11). For example, it would be better to use 2-volt cells in parallel. In this case, each cell would deliver 5-ampere current which could reasonably be carried by one cell.
例如，最好将多个2伏特的电池并联，这样的话，每个电池通过的电流将为5安培，不会超过电池的负荷。

(12). The political documents that we have available certainly incline us to suppose that altruism may have been behind the conspirator’s action.
现有的政府文件使我们偏见地认为利他主义已经被阴谋家抛到九霄云外。

(13). That the conspirator acted out of personal dislike for the head of state, does not seem to have been the opinion of those journalists writing at the time.
那些阴谋家所表现的对国家元首的不满，并不像新闻记者所撰写的那样。

(14). In part to acquire such statistically valid evidence, an
international field experiment will be conducted over the North Atlantic beginning in 2000.
一项国际野外试验将于2000年在北大西洋展开，该项野外试验的目的部分是获取统计学上有效的证明数据。

(15). As announced in Section Ⅱ, the parameter extraction strategy should be developed by using global extraction method.
诚如在章节2中所公布，参数提取策略应通过使用全局提取方法确定。

(16). The contents of this manual have been prepared specifically for the first-year students in the Degree Program entitled “bachelor of Science in Combine Sciences”.
这本手册的内容是专门为攻读结合科学专业理学学士学位课程的大一新生准备的。

(17). In this extract there is a discussion about the way in which the research was carried out. However, the writer does not seem to give a personal opinion about the method used, nor to adopt a particular value position. Instead, a rather balanced view is taken.
在此摘要中，提及了一个关于调查研究被开展执行的话题，但作者没有就具体使用方法给出自己观点和意见，也没有采纳任何不寻常的见解，而是提出了一个相对客观均衡的观点。

(18). In order to help the student and teacher use such section most effectively, the following suggestions are offered.
为了帮助老师和学生更高效率地学习该部分，特提供以下建议可供参考。

(19). As reflected on the foreign-exchange problem in each of the transaction above, there is no easy solution to avoid a serious inefficiency.
对于上述交易中出现的外汇问题，并没有简单的解决办法能避免外汇交换的严重低效。

(20). After criticizing some translations, the paper proposes that a new translation of Shakespeare’s work be based on correct understanding and full expression of the meaning of the source text and at the same time reproduce closely the different styles it contains. It also suggests that a companion for each play be edited so as to reflect the latest development in extra-textual Shakespearean scholarship.
在评论了一些翻译版本之后，这篇论文提出一个新的翻译版本，这个翻译版本在正确理解原文的基础上，完整表达原文所表达的含义，同时在译文文体中再创造原文包含的独特风格。

同时，论文还建议每篇戏剧在印刷时应附上篇章指南以反映戏剧外莎士比亚风格创作的最新成就。

Give your suggestion and idea about this semester’s lecture to the teacher frankly.(page 58)
With the end of the semester’s lecture, more and more knowledge are grasped to help us communicate and complete an assignment, and through the lecture I know that written English is an interesting branch of English which is one of the most useful parts of English ,through which we can illumine our opinions and thoughts, but also in the lecture I realize that there are many shortages and flaws existed, so some suggestion and good ideas that can decorate our learning efficiency with my own opinion.
So, many ideas and suggestion, I think they are excellent way for learning ,are enumerated as follows: first of all, English is an open lecture, restricted by right grammar, we can express our opinions and thoughts with our own methods, not just restricted by fixed words or phrases; and next, written English , I think, is not isolate with oral English, both of them can help each other in developing; the least but not the last, I think teachers should provide a relaxing circumstance and encourage their students to show their thoughts with written and spoken English freely in the lecture, find the flaws and resolve them.
Generally speaking, English is very important, not only in commercial business, but also in our common life, so having
an high-efficiency learning method can help more students learn English easily.。