【医药健康】腹壁Abdominalwall
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Inferiorly－superior border of pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, fold of inguinal canal, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, spinous process of L5
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Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘
Posterior layer
Formed bys of obliquus internus abdominis and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Position: lie on to either of midline Origin: pubic crest and symphysis Insertion: xiphoid and 5th-7th costal
cartilages
Tendinous intersections 腱划 3-4 linea semiluaris 半月线
efforts-vomiting, coughing, sneezing, defecation, urination and childbirth. Depress ribs, assist in (the act of force(4)expiration. Flex, lateral flex, and rotate vertebral column
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Anterolateral abdominal wall
Superficial fascia
－divisions below umbilicus Fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
continuous with the superficial fascia over the rest of the body.
L. hypochondriac region
左季肋区
L. lateral regions
左外侧区
Umbilical region 脐区
L. inguinal region
左腹股沟区
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The abdominal regions 腹部分区
——Four quadrants
Left and right upper quadrants
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Muscles of abdomen
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Muscles of abdomen
Anterolateral group
Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Similar functions for above four pairs of muscles
Support and compress the abdominal viscera Increase intra-abdominal pressure, aid in expulsive
SDU. LIZHENHUA
SDU. LIZHENHUA
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Anterolateral abdominal wall
Layers ( from superficial to deep)
Skin Superficial fascia Anterolateral muscles Transverse fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜
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The abdominal regions 腹部分区
——Nine regions
R. hypochondriac region 右季肋区
R. lateral regions
右外区
R. inguinal region
右腹股沟区
Pubic region 耻区
Epigastric region 腹上区
Absent in about 4-5cm below the umbilicus, where aponeuroses of all three muscles form anterior layer the lower free border named arcuate line 弓状线
Below this line rectus abdominis in contact with transverse fascia
Lymph drainge Superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus grain upward into the pectoral Ln. The vessels below this level drain downward into the superficial inguinal Ln.
Cremaster 提睾肌
Dirived from the lower fibers of the obliquus internus abdominis and transversus abdominis
Around the spermatic cord and testis
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Deep nerves of abdomen
Lower five intercostals nerves Subcostal nerve Run between obliquus internus and
Cutaneous nerves Anterior and lateral cutaneous n. of lower six thoracic Iliohypogastric n. (first lumb nerves)
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Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves
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Muscles of abdomen
Linea alba 白线
－tendinous raphe between right and left recti from xiphoid to pubic symphysis
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Deep vessels of abdomen
Arteries
Superior and inferior epigastric arteris Lower posterior intercostal aa. Subcostal a. Deep iliac circumflex a. Four lumbar a.
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Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰
Obliquus internus abdominis has a lower, free border that arches over spermatic cord
Inserted with transversus abdominis fiber into medial part of pecten of pubis
Left and right lower quadrants
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Landmarks of abdomen
Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Iliac crest Umbiicus Linea semilunaris Transpyloric plane
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌
Structures
Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 Superficial inguinal ring
腹股沟管浅环 －triangular-shaped defect in aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis above pubic tubercle
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘
Anterior layer
Formed by fusion of aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis and anterior leaf of aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdominis
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Transversus abdominis 腹横肌
Deep to obliquus internus General direction of fibers: run
horizontally forward.
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Transversus abdominis 腹横肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Muscles of abdomen
Posterior group
Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌 Psoas major 腰大肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌
General direction of fibers: downward, forward and medially (run down and inward)
Membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
passes over the inguinal ligament to fuse the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) approximately one fingerbreadth below the inguinal ligament. In the midline, it is not attached to the pubis but instead from a tubular sheath for the penis (clitoris). In the perineum, it is attaches on each side to the margins of the pubic arch and is know as Colles’ fascia.
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Superficial inguinal ring
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Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌
Deep to obliquus externus abdominis
General direction of fibres: upwards, forwards and medially
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves
Arteries Superficial epigastric a. Superficial iliac circumflex a.
Veins Thoracoepigastric v. Superficial epigastric v.
Abdominal wall 腹壁
山东大学医学院解剖教研室
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Boundaries of the abdomen
Boundaries
Superiorly－ xiphoid process, lower border of costal arch, 11th and 12th ribs, vertebra T12
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘
Posterior layer
Formed bys of obliquus internus abdominis and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Position: lie on to either of midline Origin: pubic crest and symphysis Insertion: xiphoid and 5th-7th costal
cartilages
Tendinous intersections 腱划 3-4 linea semiluaris 半月线
efforts-vomiting, coughing, sneezing, defecation, urination and childbirth. Depress ribs, assist in (the act of force(4)expiration. Flex, lateral flex, and rotate vertebral column
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Anterolateral abdominal wall
Superficial fascia
－divisions below umbilicus Fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)
continuous with the superficial fascia over the rest of the body.
L. hypochondriac region
左季肋区
L. lateral regions
左外侧区
Umbilical region 脐区
L. inguinal region
左腹股沟区
SDU. LIZHENHUA
The abdominal regions 腹部分区
——Four quadrants
Left and right upper quadrants
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Muscles of abdomen
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Muscles of abdomen
Anterolateral group
Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌 Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌 Transversus abdominis 腹横肌 Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Similar functions for above four pairs of muscles
Support and compress the abdominal viscera Increase intra-abdominal pressure, aid in expulsive
SDU. LIZHENHUA
SDU. LIZHENHUA
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Anterolateral abdominal wall
Layers ( from superficial to deep)
Skin Superficial fascia Anterolateral muscles Transverse fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜
SDU. LIZHENHUA
The abdominal regions 腹部分区
——Nine regions
R. hypochondriac region 右季肋区
R. lateral regions
右外区
R. inguinal region
右腹股沟区
Pubic region 耻区
Epigastric region 腹上区
Absent in about 4-5cm below the umbilicus, where aponeuroses of all three muscles form anterior layer the lower free border named arcuate line 弓状线
Below this line rectus abdominis in contact with transverse fascia
Lymph drainge Superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus grain upward into the pectoral Ln. The vessels below this level drain downward into the superficial inguinal Ln.
Cremaster 提睾肌
Dirived from the lower fibers of the obliquus internus abdominis and transversus abdominis
Around the spermatic cord and testis
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Deep nerves of abdomen
Lower five intercostals nerves Subcostal nerve Run between obliquus internus and
Cutaneous nerves Anterior and lateral cutaneous n. of lower six thoracic Iliohypogastric n. (first lumb nerves)
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Muscles of abdomen
Linea alba 白线
－tendinous raphe between right and left recti from xiphoid to pubic symphysis
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Deep vessels of abdomen
Arteries
Superior and inferior epigastric arteris Lower posterior intercostal aa. Subcostal a. Deep iliac circumflex a. Four lumbar a.
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰
Obliquus internus abdominis has a lower, free border that arches over spermatic cord
Inserted with transversus abdominis fiber into medial part of pecten of pubis
Left and right lower quadrants
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Landmarks of abdomen
Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Iliac crest Umbiicus Linea semilunaris Transpyloric plane
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌
Structures
Inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 Superficial inguinal ring
腹股沟管浅环 －triangular-shaped defect in aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis above pubic tubercle
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘
Anterior layer
Formed by fusion of aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis and anterior leaf of aponeurosis of obliquus internus abdominis
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Transversus abdominis 腹横肌
Deep to obliquus internus General direction of fibers: run
horizontally forward.
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Transversus abdominis 腹横肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Muscles of abdomen
Posterior group
Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌 Psoas major 腰大肌
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌
General direction of fibers: downward, forward and medially (run down and inward)
Membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
passes over the inguinal ligament to fuse the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata) approximately one fingerbreadth below the inguinal ligament. In the midline, it is not attached to the pubis but instead from a tubular sheath for the penis (clitoris). In the perineum, it is attaches on each side to the margins of the pubic arch and is know as Colles’ fascia.
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Superficial inguinal ring
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌
Deep to obliquus externus abdominis
General direction of fibres: upwards, forwards and medially
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves
Arteries Superficial epigastric a. Superficial iliac circumflex a.
Veins Thoracoepigastric v. Superficial epigastric v.
Abdominal wall 腹壁
山东大学医学院解剖教研室
SDU. LIZHENHUA
Boundaries of the abdomen
Boundaries
Superiorly－ xiphoid process, lower border of costal arch, 11th and 12th ribs, vertebra T12