选择性必修1 unit3 单词详解

1. Shine v. 照耀；发光；擦亮n. 光泽；阳光----shiny adj 闪光的光滑发亮的用作不及物动词S+～(+A)
She brushed her hair till it shone.
她把头发梳得直发亮。

用作系动词S+～+ adj.
His face shines excited.
他脸上露出兴奋的神色。

用作及物动词S+～+ n./pron.
He shined his shoes carefully before he went out.
他出门之前,把皮鞋擦得锃亮。

He shined his glasses, then put them on his nose.
他擦亮了眼镜,然后戴上。

用作名词(n.)
The wooden surface had a beautiful shine.
那木质的表面有美丽的光泽。

2.associate vt. 联想；联合n. 伙伴；同事；同伴adj. 副的；共事的；有联系的
I always associate her with roses.
我总是把她与玫瑰花联想在一起。

We should associate ourselves with this large firm.
我们应该和这家大公司联合。

用作名词(n.)
Mr. Miller is a business associate of our company.
米勒先生是我们公司的生意伙伴。

用作形容词(adj.)
He is an associate editor of the newspaper.
他是报纸的副主编。

Mr. Lee is the associate producer of this film.
李先生是这部影片的联合制片人。

Association n. 协会；社团；交往；联想；联合；结合
Have you joined the teachers' association?
你加入教师协会了吗?
About 20 people have registered in the association.
大约有20人已登记加入这一协会。

I benefited much from my association with him.
我从跟他的交往中获益匪浅。

3.give away
赠送; 赠予; 颁发
She decided to give these old clothes away.
她决定把这些旧衣服送给别人。

泄露; 告发
We heard a shot. The smoke had given us away.
我们听到枪声, 是烟把我们暴露了。

失去; 丧失; 抛弃
You've given away a good chance of success.
你失去了一次成功的良机。

4.sharp adj ---sharpen v使尖锐；磨快；加剧
He started to sharpen his knife. 他开始磨刀。

I can sharpen scissors, too. 我也会磨剪刀。

Can you sharpen the pencil? 你能把铅笔削尖吗？
5.carry on继续进行；从事，经营；发怒（经常与at连用）
We'll carry on our conversation tomorrow.我们明天将继续进行会谈。

Isabella's father carried on a trade in silks.（伊莎贝拉的父亲经营丝绸业。

）
Our neighbour is always carrying on at her children.（我们那个邻居总是向孩子们发脾气。

）6. expect的用法与搭配
1. 表示“期待”“期望”，通常为及物动词
We should not expect success overnight.
2. 后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。

I didn’t expect to find y ou here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。

若语义需要，其后还可接不定式的复合结构。

如：
He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。

3. 不要认为 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”，它还可表示“预计”“预料”等。

如：
I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。

I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。

有时可用于不好的方面。

如：
He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。

另外，注意expect a baby这一惯用表达，其意为“怀孕”。

如：
It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby.大家都知道她已怀孕了。

4. 其后可接 that 从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。

如：
I don’t expect that he has done such a thing.我预料他不会干出这种事来。

在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。

如：
I expect you’re tired.我想你是累了吧。

其后可接 that 从句，但不接疑问词引导的从句，若遇有疑问词，则要使用“疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。

如：
你想什么时候离开?
When do you expect to leave?
5. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算，通常用过去完成时，但在一定的上下文当中，只要意思清楚，也可只用一般过去时。

如：
I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的，但未赶上早班车。

We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。

有时在其后接不定式的完成式，如上面第一句也可改成：
I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.
6. 有时用于“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构，表示“预计……”。

如：
It’s expected that the war would end soon.预计战争不久即可结束。

It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。

Expectation n期望，预期的事物
Expectation is better than realization.
期待总比现实美。

His new book did not come up to expectation.
他的新作没有达到预期水平。

7.remarkable 非凡的不寻常的
He has displayed remarkable courage.
他展现了非凡的勇气。

8.burst n. 爆发；破裂；v. 爆裂；迸发；冲；闯
The shell burst overhead.
炮弹在头顶上爆炸了。

I put too much air into the bicycle tyre and it burst.
我给自行车打气太足,车胎爆裂了。

The boiler burst.
锅炉爆炸了。

If you get much fatter you'll burst your clothes.
你要是再长胖就要把衣服撑破了。

He burst the chains that held him.
他把身上的镣铐挣断。

Burst into +n(tears/laughter)
Burst out doing( crying /laughing)
9. assign v分配；指定；指派；归因；确定assignment n 分配；任务；功课All the students are assigned to suitable jobs.
所有的学生都分到了合适的工作。

Let us assign a day for the next meeting .
让我们把下次会议的日期确定下来。

He is the best man who can finish the assignment.
他是能完成这项任务的最佳人选。

How are you going to get through the assignment?
你将如何完成作业呢?
I await assignment at any moment.
我随时听候差遣。

10. Opponent n. 对手；反对者；敌手adj. 反对的；敌对的
He beat his opponent in the election.
他在选举中击败了对手。

She is one of the strongest opponents of tax reform.
她是税收改革最强烈的反对者之一。

11.pay off偿清(欠款等)；贿赂；取得成功；有报偿，得到回报
It took them three years to pay off the debt.
他们三年才还清欠债。

We paid off the police to let us go with a warning.
我们贿赂警察，让我们只得到一次警告就离开。

Our plan certainly paid off; it was a great idea.
我们的计划当然成功了，那是个很好的主意。

His hard working will eventually pay off.
他的努力工作终将会得到报偿。

12. defeat n. 挫败；败北vt. 战胜；击败；使...不能实现
He was depressed by his defeat.
失败让他沮丧。

This defeat was a powerful blow to the enemy.
这次失败是对敌人的有力的打击。

It was a sound strategy to defeat the enemy.
那是战胜敌人的良策。

I believe nothing can defeat you.
我相信什么都打不垮你的。

The test completely defeated me.
这个测试完全难倒了我。

13.cooperation n合作
cooperate v. 合作；协力；配合
I am so happy to cooperate with you.
很高兴与你合作。

I advise you not to cooperate with that deceitful businessman.
我建议你不要和那个不诚实的商人合作。

We need to cooperate perfectly to win the game.
要想赢得比赛，我们需要密切配合。

If they can cooperate with each other, everything should run smoothly. 如果你们能互相配合，一切都会顺利的。

14. Intense adj. 强大的；紧张的；强烈的；激烈的；深刻的
He's been under intense pressure.
他面对着很大的压力。

My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest.
我的工作非常紧张，以致于我没有时间休息。