高考英语一轮总复习高效备考新模式第二部分狠抓基础语法5.名词课件新人教版

有生命的人或动物：Jim’s cat, the teachers’ office, Tom and Kate’s teacher
’s
时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等： today’s news, England’s shore
名 词
所
有 格
of 无生命的东西：the cover of the book, the title
由前面的all可知，要用复数形式。
6. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) This trend,…, has had some unintended side _e_f_f_e_c_ts__(effect) such as overweight and heart disease…
由前面的修饰语some可知，effect应用复数effects；另外，从 such as所举的例子 overweight and heart disease (肥胖和心脏 疾病)也可看出，不止一种副作用(side effects)。
单
名 词
复 数
可数名词: 单→复
chef, giraffe f→ves或直接加s: handkerchief, scarf
加s: kangaroo, bamboo, zoo, photo,
以o结尾 piano, studio
加es: hero, potato, tomato
单复同行：series, means, species, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese
由空前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，故填celebration。
19. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a _s_c_ie_n__ti_s_t_ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
7. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _c_r_o_w__d_s__ (crowd) on the roads…
因crowd意为“人群”，是可数名词，由on the roads可知，此 处表示不同道路上的不同人群，故填其复数形式crowds。
作介词(with) 的宾语或者在冠词the后要用名词，表 示“采用，引入”，故填 introduction。
representative
该空在句中作主语，且前面有不定冠词修饰， 用名词， 再根据语境可知，回信的主体应是“人(代表)”，故填 representative。
17. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Historical __a_c_c_u_r_a_c_y__ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
8. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) She has turned down several _in__v_it_a_ti_o_n_s_ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
由前面的several可知，要填其复数形式invitations。
通
集体名词 crowd, majority
名
名词
cattle, people, (the) police
词 分
物质名词 oxygen, air, honey, butter 不可数
类
名词
抽象名词 pride, justice, pressure, confidence
专有名词 人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate, London, China, the Great Wall
不可数名词 ：无复数；前面不可直接加a, an或数 词；表数量用a piece of 之类的结构
单
名 词
复 数
可数名词: 单→复
f(e) →ves：thief, wife, housewife, shelf, knife, leaf, wolf, loaf, self, half, life
f(e)结尾 直接加s: roof, proof, belief, chief, safe,
因被different修饰，故用复数形式，且前文的gates也有提示。
Activities
由谓语动词range可知主语应用复数形式。位于句首，首字 母应大写。
由are可知，此处应用复数形式。
humans
requirement
professions 由空前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，故填requirement； 由空前的most可知，要用复数形式，故填professions。
作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。
12. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)Confucius influenced the_d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m__ent (develop) of chopsticks.
作influenced的宾语用名词，或者说在the后用名词。
13. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) Filled with __c_u_r_io__s_it_y__ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
名词
知识网络
名 词
概念：表示人、事物、地点和抽象概 念名称的词：Mary, knife, America,
advice
个体名词 nut, port, theme, chapter, disaster,
可数
track, factor
普 名词
group, team, class, family, audience,
根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，表示“科 学家”，故填scientist。
20. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __a_tt_r_a_c_t_io_n__ (attract).
在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)”后应填名词， attraction指“吸引人的事物”。
不 oo →ee：tooth, foot, goose
名 词
单 复 数
可数名词: 单, spokeswoman
则
变 ium/ ion→ia: bacterium, medium, criterion
化
其他：phenomenon →phenomena, ox →oxen, mouse →mice, child →children
of the novel
双重所有格 a play of Shakespeare’s, a friend of my wife’s
只接可数名词复数：both, several, few, many, various, dozens of, a number of, each of, one of
名 词
考点：名词的用法在语法填空中年年必考。 考过的 考点有：
1. 可数名词数量大于1时是要用复数形式的。如上述 语法填空第1~9题，将括号中所给可数名词的单数形 式改为复数形式。常见的修饰语有：different, many, several, few,some,all,both等。
2. 名词的句法作用： (1) 作动词的宾语，如上述第10~12题； (2) 作介词的宾语，如上述第13~15题； (3) 作主语，如上述第16~17题； (4) 作表语，如上述第18~20题。
根据空前形容词particular可知，空格处应填名词，且此处 应为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填interest。
15. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) This development was only possible with the _i_n_tr_o_d_u__c_ti_o_n__(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
修 饰 语
只接不可数名词：much, little(少), a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of
修饰可数或不可数名词：some, any, plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of , masses of
真题回顾
语法填空 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __w__a_tc_h_t_o_w__e_rs_ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
根据空前形容词Historical可知，空格处应填名词，故填accuracy。
18. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) Chinese New Year is a __c_e_le_b_r_a_t_io_n_ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
作介词with的宾语，用名词，故填curiosity。
14. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) The far side of the moon is of particular _i_n_t_e_re_s_t____ (interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
在冠词the与介词of之间应填名词，表示“发展”。
11. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)This switch has decreased _p__o_ll_u_ti_o_n_ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
9. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) The nursery team switches him every few _d_a_y_s__ (day) with his sister…
由空格前的修饰语few，可知填day的复数形式days。
10. (2021全国乙卷) It allows…and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e__n_t (develop) of the local areas.
介词后：We need food and water for_s_u_r_v_i_v_a_l
(survive).
做表语(系动词后) I’m a__s_c_ie_n_t_i_s_t (science) who studies
animals.
注意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、不定 代词等后要用名词
5. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) Two of the authors of the review also made a study… that showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __c_a_u_s_e_s__(cause).
作主语（谓语动词前）：His_a_c_h_i_e_v_e_m_e__n_ts_ (achieve) earned him respect.
动词后：He gave a__d_e_s_c_r_ip_t_io_n__ (describe) of
名 词
句 法 作 用
what he had seen. 作宾语