大学语法教程之主谓一致

e.g. A barracks was stormed by the enemy troops. Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded.
· odds与remains特殊记。
What’s the odds?=What does it matter? The odds are against us.=We are not likely to succeed. Remain用于“遗体”讲时动词常用复数。His remains lie in the churchyard. 作“遗迹”或“剩余物”解释时可单数可复数。 Here is the remains of a temple. The remains of the meal were/was fed to the dog.由“a committee of/ a panel of/ a (the) board of + 复数名词”构成，随后的动词 用单数。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm. A panel of distinguished people has been chosen to consider the matter.
yiy 式，而是取决于单复数意义：即主语在意义上为单数
谓语用单数形式，在意义上为复数谓语用复数形式。
e.g.
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.
The government seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.
Subject-verb Concord
（一）Three concords 指导原则
· 意义一致原则（Notional Concord）
· 就近原则（Principle of Proximity）
· 语法一致原则（Grammatical Concord）
主动词语和谓语动词的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形 式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、
· 还有一些以-s结尾的名词如arms, archives, arms, clothes, fireworks等通常作复数。 · 但也有少数这类名词单复数皆可如whereabouts(行踪), dramatics(舞台艺术) · 由-ings结尾的n.如clippings, diggings, earnings, lodgings等用复数。Tidings(消息)单复数皆可。 · 以-s结尾的单复数同形的n.动词的单复数取决于名词用作单数还是复数。
4.其他以-s 结尾的名词
如果不带单位词通常用复数。 · 若有单位词则v.由单位词单复决定。 e.g. One pair of scissors isn’t enough. Two pairs of pliers are missing from my tool box.
· 由两部分组成的物体名称通常以-s结尾，如scissors(剪刀)，glasses(眼镜)，shorts(短裤)等，
2.以-ics结尾的学科名称
·某些以-ics 结尾的学科名称，e.g. physics(物理学) , mathematics(数学) , mechanics(机械学) ,optics(光学) 等，通常用 单数。 e.g. Acoustics is the science of sound. (声学) Tactics is an important study for the soldier. (兵法) · 但若这类名词表示学科以外的其他意义，仍可作复数用。 e.g. athletics 表示运算能力，acoustics 表示音响效果 v.可用复数
（三）集体名词 作主语的主谓一 致问题
集体名词如government, group, team等，在意义上为复数， 在语法形式上为单数。通常采取“语法一致”和“意义一致” 两种原则。
1.通常作复数的集体名词
Police, people, militia, cattle, poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫)等通常作复数，动词用复数。 e.g. Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
就近原则
指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 最靠近它的词语的单复数形式。
e.g. Either my brother or my farther is coming. Only one out of five were present. Neither Julia nor I am gong. No one except his own supporters agree with him.
3.以-s结尾的地理名称
· 如果是国名如，the United States，the United Nations，the Netherlands 虽以-s结尾胆气系单一政治实体，作单数用。 · 但若不是国名而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作复数 用。 e.g. The West Indies(西印度群岛)，The Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)， The Straits of Gibraltar(直布罗陀海峡)，The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉 大瀑布) 作复数用。
复数形式上一致。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。
e.g.
Both boys have their own merits.
Few students are really lazy. Every girl comes on time. Many people want to go.
意义一致原则
有时主谓的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形
(二) 以-s结尾的 名词作主语的主 谓一致问题
1. 以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称
· 一些以-s结尾的疾病名称e.g. arthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis(支气管
炎)，rickets(软骨病)等，通常用单数。 e.g. Mumps(腮腺炎) is a kind of infectious disease(传染病). Phlebitis(静脉炎) is a swollen condition of the blood vessels. · 但也有一些疾病名称既可作单数也可作复数用e.g. measles(麻疹)， rickets(营养不良) · 表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用。e.g. darts(投飞镖游戏)， marbles(打子弹游戏)。 · 但个别表示游戏的名词也可单数：cards(打纸牌) · 当darts, marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子时，其复数形 式仍做复数用。 e.g. Threes darts (三只镖) are thrown at each turn. Marbles (各种子弹) vary in kind and quality.
2.通常作不可数名词的集体名词
Foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture通常作【U】 n.【V】用单数。 e.g. The merchandise(商品) has arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
4.即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
像audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public等，即可作单数也可作复数。若将名词所表示的 集体视为一个整体，动词用单数，若侧重组成集体的 成员动词用复数。 e.g. That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit. That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance. The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has had in some time. The herd of cows and calves are moving toward the sheds by twos and threes.