传热学专业英语词汇

传热学专业英语词汇
Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
主要内容
:
heat (thermal energy)、heat transfer、thermodynamics、total amount of heat transfer、heat transfer rate、heat flux、conduction、convection、radiation
:
1) The first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy principle)
2) Heat balance equation: a) closed system; b) open system (steady-flow)
3) Fourier’s law of heat conduction
4) Newton’s law of cooling
5) Stefan-Boltzmann law
主要专业词汇
heat transfer 传热、热传递、传热学 thermodynamics热力学caloric 热素specific heat 比热 mass flow rate 质量流率
latent heat 潜热 sensible heat 显热 heat flux 热流密度
heat transfer rate热流量total amount of heat transfer 总热量conduction导热 convection对流 radiation 辐射
thermal conductivity 热导率 thermal diffusivity 热扩散率
convection/combined heat transfer coefficient 对流/综合换热系数
emissivity 发射率 absorptivity 吸收率
simultaneous heat transfer 复合换热
Chapter 2 Heat Conduction Equation
主要内容
:
temperature field、temperature gradient、heat generation、initial condition、boundary condition、steady\transient heat transfer、uniform\nonuniform temperature distribution :
1) Fourier’s law of heat conduction (§2-1)
2) Heat conduction equation (in
rectangular\cylindrical\spherical coordinates) (§2-2、§2-3)
3) Boundary cond itions: (§2-4)
a)Specified temperature B. C.
b) Specified heat flux B. C. [special case(dt/dx=0):
insulation、thermal symmetry];
c) Convection .
d) Radiation .
e) Interface .
4) Average thermal conductivity k ave (§2-7)
5) Solution of one-dimensional, steady heat conduction in
plane walls、cylinders and spheres (k =const)：
a) no heat generation, specified .: T(x) or T(r) (§2-5)
Q(x) or Q(r), Q=const
b) with heat generation, Specified . or Convection . :
(§2-6)
T max=T o-T s= gs2/2nk ; q(x)=gx/n; T s=T+
gs/nh
characteristic length S, shape factor n:
plane walls — s = L (half thickness), n = 1
cylinders ——s =r o, n = 2
spheres ——s =r o, n =3
: Solve a heat transfer problem
1) Mathematical formulation (differential equation & .)
2) General solution of equation
3) Application of Unique solution of the problem
主要专业词汇
temperature field\distribution温度场\分布temperature gradient温度梯度
heat generation热生成(热源) initial\boundary condition 初始\边界条件
transient heat transfer瞬态(非稳态)传热 isothermal surface 等温面
Heat conduction differential equation 导热微分方程
trial and error method试算法iterate迭代convergence 收敛Chapter 3 Steady Heat Conduction
主要内容
:
multilayer\composite wall overall heat transfer coefficient U thermal resistance R t thermal contact resistance R c critical radius of insulation R cr
fin efficiency fin effectiveness
:
Multiplayer plane wall、cylinders and spheres:
Fin: fin equation——refer to the attachment.
1) Uniform cross-section: refer to the attachment.
2) Varying cross-section: refer to the attachment.
主要专业词汇
thermal resistance热阻 parallel 并联 in series串联
thermal contact resistance 接触热阻 composite wall 复合
壁面
thermal grease 热脂cross-section 横截面temperature execess 过余温度
hyperbolic 双曲线的 exponent 指数
fin 肋(翅)片 fin base 肋基 fin tip 肋端
fin efficiency 肋效率 fin effectiveness 肋片有效度
Chapter 4 Transient Heat Conduction
主要内容
:
lumped system analysis characteristic length (L c=V/A)
Biot number (Bi=hL c /k) Fourier number ( τ = at/L)
:
Bi≤0, lumped system analysis (§4-1)
Bi>0, Heisler/Grober charts OR analytical expressions 1-D：
a) infinite large pl ane walls, long cylinders and spheres (§4-2)
b) semi-infinite solids (§4-3)
multidimensional: product solution (§4-4)
主要专业词汇
lumped system analysis 集总参数法 characteristic length 特征长度（尺
寸）
dimension 量纲nondimensionalize 无量纲化dimensionless quantity 无量纲
量
semi-infinite solid 半无限大固体complementary error function 误差余函数
series 级数 production solution 乘积解
Chapter 5 Numerical Methods in Heat Conduction
主要内容
:
control volume (energy balance) method、 finite difference method、
discretization、 node、space step、time step、
mesh Biot number、mesh Fourier number、mirror image concept、explicit/implicit method、stability criterion (primary
coefficients 0) Numerical error: 1) discretization/truncation error;
2) round-off error
:
Numerical solution:
1) Discretization in space and time (x, t);
2) Build all nodes’finite difference formulations (including interior and boundary nodes);
difference method
balance method . Control Volume method)
3) Solution of nodal difference eqs. of heat conduction;
method: Gaussian Elimination
method: Gauss-Seidel iteration
主要专业词汇
control volume 控制容积 finite difference有限差分
Taylor series expression泰勒级数展开式
mirror image concept 镜像法 Elimination method 消元法
direct/iterative method 直接/迭代方法explicit/implicit method 显式/隐式格式stability criterion 稳定性条件primary coefficients 主系数unconditionally 无条件地 algebraic eq. 代数方程discretization/truncation error 离散/截断误差 round-off error 舍入误差Chapter 6、7 Forced Convection and Natural
Convection
主要内容
:
Nu、Re、Gr、Pr
Force/natural convection、external/internal flow、velocity/thermal boundary layer
flow regimes、laminar/turbulent flow
hydrodynamic/thermal entry region、fully developed region Critical Reynolds Number (Re c)、hydraulic diameter (D h)、
film temperature (T f)、bulk mean fluid temperature (T b)
logarithmic mean temperature difference ( T ln)
volume expansion coefficient (β= 1/T)
effective thermal conductivity (K eff = K Nu)
:
Drag force ：F D = C f AρV2/2
Heat transfer rate：Q = hA(T s-T)
3．Typical Convection Phenomena:
1) Forced convection：external flow——flow over flat plates (§6-4)
——flow across cylinders and spheres (§6-5)
internal flow——flow in tubes (§6-6)
2) Natural convection：flow over surfaces (§7-2)
flow inside enclosures (§7-3)
主要专业词汇
Force/natural convection 自然/强制对流laminar/turbulent flow 层/湍流
boundary layer 边界层 laminar sublayer 层流底层 buffer layer 缓冲层
transition region 过渡区 flow regimes 流态
inertia/viscous force 惯性/粘性力shear stress 剪切应力friction/drag coefficient 摩擦/阻力系数 friction factor 摩擦因子dynamic/kinematic viscous 动力/运动粘度
wake 尾流 stagnation point 滞止点 flow separation 流体分离vortex 漩涡 rotational motion 环流 velocity fluctuation 速度脉动hydrodynamic 水动力学的 hydraulic diameter 水力直径fully developed region 充分发展段 volume flow rate 体积流量arithmetic/logarithmic mean temperature difference 算术/对数平均温差volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数
interferometer 干涉仪 asymptotic渐近线的
effective thermal conductivity 有效热导率
analogical method 类比法 integral approach 积分近似法order of magnitude analysis 数量级分析法 similarity principle 相似原理Chapter 9 Radiation Heat Transfer
主要内容
:
black body、gray body、diffuse surface、emissive power (E) emissi vity (ε)、absorptivity (α)、reflectivity (ρ)、transmissivity (τ) irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic) surface
view factor (F ij)、radiation network、space resistance、surface resistance radiation shield
gas radiation、transparent medium to radiation、absorbing and transmitting medium
:
Blackbody：(1) Plank’s law
(2) Stefan-Boltzmann’s law
(3) Wien’s displacement law
Graybody：(4) Kirchhoff’s law
Actual body：E (T) = ε E b(T) = εσT4 W/m2
Gas：(5) Beer’s law
3．Calculation:
1) View factor：reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule crossed-strings method
2) Radiation heat transfer：Radiation network
Open system：between two surface . two large parallel plates) Enclosure： 2-surface enclosure；3-surface enclosure Radiation shield
主要专业词汇
thermal radiation热辐射、quantum theory量子理论、index of refraction 折射系数
electromagnetic wave/spectrum 电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet (UV) rays紫外线、infrared (IR) rays 红外线
absorptivity 吸收率、reflectivity 反射率、transmissivity 透射率、emissivity (ε) 发射率(黑度)、specular/diffuse reflection 镜反射/漫反射
irradiation (incident radiation) 投入辐射、radiosity 有效辐射
spectral/directional/total emissive power单色/定向/总辐射力fraction of radiation energy 辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbody radiation function 黑体辐射函数
view factor 辐射角系数、crossed-strings method交叉线法、
reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetry Rule相互/完整/和分/对称性
net radiation heat transfer 净辐射热流量
radiation network 辐射网络图、space/surface radiation resistance 空间/表面辐射热阻、
reradiating surface重辐射面、adiabatic 绝热的
radiation shield遮热板
transparent medium to radiation辐射透热体、absorbing and transmitting medium吸
收-透过性介质
Chapter 10 Heat Exchangers
主要内容
:
heat exchanger type---- double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerative heat exchanger parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow
overall heat transfer coefficient (U) fouling factor (R f)
heat capacity rate capacity ration
log mean temperature difference (ΔT lm)
heat transfer effectiveness (ε)
number of transfer units (NTU)
:
1) heat balance eq.: Q = C h (T h,in - T h,out)=C c(T c,out - T c,in)
2) heat transfer eq.: Q = UAΔT lm ( LMTD m ethod)
or Q = εQ max = εC min (T h,in C T c,in) ( ε-NTU method) 3．Methods:
1) LMTD Method：select a heat exchanger
Known: C h、C c、3‘T’
Predict: 1‘T’、Q、A
2) ε-NTU Method：evaluate the performance of a specified heat exchanger
Known: C h、C c、UA、T h,in、T c,in
Predict: Q、T h,out、T c,out
主要专业词汇
double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-
frame/regenerative heat exchanger
套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热（再生）式换热器
parallel/counter/cross/multipass flow 顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流area density 面积密度tube/shell pass 管程/壳程static/dynamic type 静/动态型
baffle 挡板 header 封头 nozzle管嘴 guide bar 导向杆 porthole 孔口
gasket 垫圈 lateral 侧面的/横向的
fouling factor 污垢因子 heat capacity rate 水当量
heat transfer effectiveness (ε) 传热有效度
number of transfer units (NTU) 传热单元数。