王衡高中语法讲第讲过去分词高考四轮复习法

break → broken rise →risen swim →swum
★ 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化
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II 过去分词的性质
过去分词既有动词性质，也有形容词和副词性质
1)动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去分 词短语。
He likes to read the books written by Lu Xun.(过去分词短语)
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■ The girl whaovhinasg passed the exam is
my gf.
错(完成式不能作定语)
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an exciting news a broken heart
a moving film the moved audience
an interesting story a satisfied smile -ing形容词多修饰物 -ed形容词多修饰人或与人有关的物
A. Seeing
B. Seen
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过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间
存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作 已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常 置于被修饰的词的前面；分词短语作定 语时,须置于被修饰词的后面。
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定语窍门： • 1、don1e、看主被动2、看不定式时间状语 • 被动关系 • 时间先后 • 2、Ving作定语—没有完成式 • 主动—有时间前后 • 被动—表示正被做 • 3、To do 做定语 • 表将来，可用被动
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过去分词作定语前置和后置两种情况
1.前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被 修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成意义。
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2.后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被 修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个 定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind
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1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上周日我们进行了一次有组织的去森林的旅 行。
2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天寄出的信后天他就能收到。
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2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
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过去分词作条件或者假设状语
1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
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I 过去分词的构成形式
• 构成形式 “动词原形+ed”
规则形式:
e.g. open → opened love → loved study → studied
stop → stopped
不规则形式：
e.g. cost →cost bend → bent keep →kept fight →fought
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2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.
现在分词作定语，它与被修饰的名
词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且该
动词的动作正在进行。
过去分词做定语时，它与被修饰的
名词存在着逻辑上有动宾关系，而且
该动词的动作已经发生了。
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习题：
1)— I ’m very thirsty.
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frightened/frightening • He isf_ri_g_h_te_n_e_d_/f_r.ightening • He has a f_r_ig_h_t_e_n_ed__ look on his
face. frightening
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• Everyone wasm__ov_e_d_ by the m_o_v_in_g __ story. (move)
-ing+名词：表示用途
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
a reading room=a room for reading
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后置定语相当于省略的定语从句
1. The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable. 2. The girl who was criticized is playing now 3. The girl who will take park in exam tomorrow is playing
little boy began to cry. 5). He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled,
looking rather pleased.
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1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、 原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让 步状语等。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主 语与句子主语一致。
译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。
★2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在 句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。
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名称
不定 式
动名 词
现在 分词 过去 分词
主语 √ √
语法功能
宾语
宾语补 足语
表语
定语
√ √ √√
√
√√
√ √√
√ √√
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状语 √
√ √
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• 被动关系 done作状语
• 不强调时间先后
• He was _a_n_no_y_e_d_ with thean_n_o_y_i_n_g __ person. (annoy)
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Poor boy! HisD_ looks and _hands suggested he was very afraid. A. frightening; trembling B. frightened; trembled C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembling
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过去分词作原因状语
1. Since / As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
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A.被动意义：
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers (受伤的工人)are
now being taken good care of in the
hospital.
B.完成意义
a retired teacher 一位退休教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves (落 叶) in the yard.
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left
this town.
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作定语
to do -ing -ed
时间先后
(与谓语动词)
(之后)将来 (同时)进行
动作已经完成
语态
主动 主动 被动
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-ing和-ed形容词 • 单个-ed/-ed, 前置
ever written.
= that has ever been written
Who were the so-called guests invited
(= who had been invited) to your party
last night?
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注意:
如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指 示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词 作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如：
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• The flowers _B_ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004上海)
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
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现在分词与过去分词 作定语的区别
• Ving作状语
• 主动—有时间前后
• 被动—ved没有时间关系，所以，表 示被动并且有时间先后顺序的，用
having been done
• To do 做状语
• 表目的
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2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、 让步、方式：
1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2). Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 3). Being tired, they went on working. 4). Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the
过去分词作状语有两大特点： 1)表示被动的动作，分词与主语的逻辑
关系被动； 2)表示已经完成的动作。
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过去分词作时间状语
1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.
now 4. We visit a temple which was built 200 years ago. 5. We visit a temple which is being rebuilt now. 6. We visit a temple which will be rebuilt next year.
__B__ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
4. space, the astronaut
could not discover the Great Wall.
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2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
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过去分词作方式或伴随情况状语
1. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
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Compare
1. Following the old man, we went
upstairs. 2. (跟着那个老人, 我们上了楼)
2. Followed by the old man, we went
upstairs.
(被那个老人跟着, 我们上了楼)
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3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
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2. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. She sat by the window, lost in thought.
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过去分词作让步状语
Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey, we continued our journey. Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.