高三重点短语讲解

短语go off 的含义十分丰富，且用法灵活，你对它了解多少呢？让我们来揭开它的神秘面纱吧。

1.爆炸；怦然发射；（枪）走火。

如:
The balloon went off with a crack.
气球啪的一声炸了。

The gun went off by accident.
那枪走火了。

2.离去，动身。

如:
I don’t know why he went off without saying goodbye.
我不知道他为什么不辞而别。

3. (食物)变质，坏掉。

如:
Meat and fish go off quickly in hot weather.
肉和鱼在热天很快就会变质。

4.水、电等断掉，灯熄灭。

如:
Lights will go off if no one is in the room.
若房间里没人，灯会自动熄灭。

5.去世。

如:
Though the doctor did all he could, the old man went off this morning.
尽管医生尽了力，这位老人还是在今天早晨去世了。

6.（电话、闹钟等）响起。

如:
The alarm would go off at six o’clock.
闹钟将在六点钟响起。

练一练
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
①To his relief, the pain went off gradually.
②If she feels like it, she can go off to a park nearby for a walk.
③A firecracker went off in Tony’s hand and he was badly injured.
④At the news that their father went off, they all burst into tears.
⑤Around three in the morning the sirens went off.
⑥I forgot to put the milk in the fridge, so it has gone off now.
Key:
①令他欣慰的是疼痛慢慢消失了。

②如果她愿意，可以到附近的一个公园去散步。

③一个爆竹在托尼的手里爆炸了，他受了重伤。

④听到他们的父亲去世的消息，他们全都放声大哭起来。

⑤大约凌晨三点，警报拉响了。

⑥我忘记把牛奶放在冰箱里，现在已经变坏了。

不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、条件或结果等。

如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他认真学习。

（目的状语）
We were excited to hear the news.
听到这消息我们很高兴。

（原因状语）
To look at him, you would like him.
看到他，你就会喜欢他。

（条件状语）
I hurried home to find Mary waiting for me.
我匆忙赶到家发现玛丽在等我。

（结果状语）
充当结果状语的不定式前有时带有only，构成“only + 不定式”结构，在使用这一结构时，应注意以下几点：
1. 当“only + 不定式”作结果状语时，它表示的是一个相反的或出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的后果。

意为“不料……；反而……；想不到……；结果却……”。

如：
He ran to the station only to find the train had left.
他跑到车站结果却发现火车已经开了。

2. “only + 不定式”可用逗号将其与前面的成分隔开。

如：
He rushed to the school gate, only to discover that it was locked.
for the countryside.
我们走了很长一段路去看他，没想到他刚好下乡了。

3. “only + 不定式”作结果状语时，也可以改成but连接的并列结构。

如：
He worked hard only to fail at last. = He worked hard but failed at last.
他工作很勤奋，结果却失败了。

4. “only + 不定式”中的only有时也可以省略，其意思不变。

如：
He got home (only) to learn that his father had been dead for two days.
他到家后得知父亲已去世两天了。

另外，我们也经常见到“only + 动词-ing形式”结构，该结构表示一个自然而然的或意料之中的情况或结果。

如：
He fell off the bike, only hurting his waist.
他从自行车上摔了下来，摔伤了腰。

Bob dropped the bowl, only breaking it to pieces.
鲍勃把盘子掉到了地上，摔成了碎片。

显然，“only + 动词-ing形式”结构作结果状语，通常强调谓语动词所导致的结果，谓语动词和动词-ing形式之间侧重因果关系，而非转折关系。

他冲到学校门口，却发现门已锁上。

We walked a long way to see him, only to find that he had just left 不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、条件或结果等。

如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他认真学习。

（目的状语）
We were excited to hear the news.
听到这消息我们很高兴。

（原因状语）
To look at him, you would like him.
看到他，你就会喜欢他。

（条件状语）
I hurried home to find Mary waiting for me.
我匆忙赶到家发现玛丽在等我。

（结果状语）
充当结果状语的不定式前有时带有only，构成“only + 不定式”结构，在使用这一结构时，应注意以下几点：
1. 当“only + 不定式”作结果状语时，它表示的是一个相反的或出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的后果。

意为“不料……；反而……；想不到……；结果却……”。

如：
He ran to the station only to find the train had left.
他跑到车站结果却发现火车已经开了。

2. “only + 不定式”可用逗号将其与前面的成分隔开。

如：
He rushed to the school gate, only to discover that it was locked.
for the countryside.
我们走了很长一段路去看他，没想到他刚好下乡了。

3. “only + 不定式”作结果状语时，也可以改成but连接的并列结构。

如：
He worked hard only to fail at last. = He worked hard but failed at last.
他工作很勤奋，结果却失败了。

4. “only + 不定式”中的only有时也可以省略，其意思不变。

如：
He got home (only) to learn that his father had been dead for two days.
他到家后得知父亲已去世两天了。

另外，我们也经常见到“only + 动词-ing形式”结构，该结构表示一个自然而然的或意料之中的情况或结果。

如：
He fell off the bike, only hurting his waist.
他从自行车上摔了下来，摔伤了腰。

Bob dropped the bowl, only breaking it to pieces.
鲍勃把盘子掉到了地上，摔成了碎片。

显然，“only + 动词-ing形式”结构作结果状语，通常强调谓语动词所导致的结果，谓语动词和动词-ing形式之间侧重因果关系，而非转折关系。

咬文嚼字从get stuck说起
get stuck意为“遇上困难无法进行下去”，stuck为动词stick的过去分词，get也可用be动词替换。

如：
I get / am stuck with this maths problem. Can you help me with it?
我被这道数学题卡住了。

你能帮我一下吗？
She tried to open the window but it was stuck.
她想打开窗子但窗子被卡住了。

我们学过stick用作名词意为“棍；棒；杖；手杖；棒状物”，但该词还可用作动词（过去式和过去分词都是stuck），并且意义多多。

如：
1. The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.
2. Her younger sister helped her stick a flower in her hair.
3. They stuck the notice on the wall.
4. Don't stick your head out of the train window.
[译文]
1. 护士把针扎进我的胳膊。

2. 她妹妹帮她把一朵花插在头发上。

3. 他们把通知贴在墙上。

4. 不要把头伸出火车车窗外面。

[帮你归纳]
stick作为动词主要有以下意思：
1. 刺；戳进
2.插；扎
3.粘贴；张贴
4.伸；伸出[跟踪练习]
用stick的适当形式填空。

1. She ______ the fork into the meat and waits a few minutes.
2. I bought the child some ______ of candy.
3. I ______ now, there is no more material for the work.
4. We had to clear away posters someone ______ on the walls.
5. Clara ______ her head around the door to see who was there.
6. The wheels ______ fast in the mud.
Key:
1. sticks
2. sticks
3. am stuck / has got stuck
4. had stuck
5. stuck
6. stuck
咬文嚼字assist 的方方面面
[例句秀]
Two students assisted me with the experiment.
两个学生帮助我做这个实验。

He assisted us to establish a new company.
他帮助我们成立了一家新公司。

He assisted his father in cleaning the car.
他帮他父亲洗车子。

We all assisted in mending the roof.
我们都帮助修理屋顶。

He worked as an assistant to the President.
他当过总统助理。

He is an assistant cook. 他是个助理厨师。

The horse is an animal assistant to man.
马是对人类有帮助的动物。

[帮你归纳]
assist为及物动词，常用于assist sb. in / with sth., assist sb. to do sth.或assist sb. in (doing) sth.结构中，意为“帮助/援助/协助某人做某事”。

名词assistant表示“助手；助理；助教；店员”；形容词assistant表示“助理的；辅助的；有帮助的；副的”。

如：assistant manager 副经理
[求同存异]
help 更常用，常指出于好意或同情而做出的行为，意为“帮助”。

作动词接不定式的复合结构时，可带to也可不带to；还可表示“对……有利；有帮助”。

aid比较正式，常用于很急需或很紧急的场合，意为“援助；资助；救护”。

例如：first aid 急救；foreign aid 外援；state aid 国家援助，也可用于aid sb. in / with sth.结构中，表示“帮助某人做某事”。

[跟踪练习]
用 assist, help, aid的适当形式填空。

1. Can you do the job alone, or do you want someone to ______ you?
2. She ______ him choose some new clothes.
3. An old-fashioned kind of hearing ______ was called an ear trumpet.
4. Poole walked painfully, with the ______ of a stick.
5. Winston got a job as ______ manager at Wal-Mart.
6. It ______ a lot to know that someone understood how I felt.
7. Some of the guests ______ with the preparation of the food.
Key:
1. assist / help / aid
2. helped
3. aid
4. aid / help
5. assistant
6. helped
7. assisted / helped / aided。