高考英语一轮复习 阅读之说明文训练(含答案)

2022高考英语阅读之说明文训练（含答案）
(A)
One out of three kids in our country are now considered obese (过度肥胖的)．Life is different now from when we grew up.The days of allowing our children to ride their bikes and play outside are nearly gone.With the average kid spending seven hours a day on all screen media combined (TV，videos，DVDs，computer time outside of schoolwork，and video games)，our children are not getting the minimum requirement of one hour of exercise per day that they need.
This needs to be changed，but where do we start?
We lead by example.If you don't work out，your children most likely won't either.Children will mimic what you do more than they'll ever listen to what you say.How many times have you thought，“My child is just like me？”
Many of us wait to have the perfect time to exercise，but we need to deliberately make the time.If necessary，exercising for 10 minutes three times a day is a great way to get started.After all，some activity is always better than none.
A great way to ensure that your whole family benefits from fitness activities is to do activities that your whole family can do together.You can take walks after dinner，play in the backyard，put on a Zumba video and dance with your kids，sign your children and yourself up for classes at the local gym，and hike，bike，and swim on the weekends.
I know you're busy.But we all get the same 24 hours in a day，and we need to make them count.The excuse of “I don't have enough time” is a very real one，but with awareness (意识) of our time management and planning，we can all do anize your life，live by a schedule，and model the behavior you want to see in your children.
1．What contributes to childhood obesity in the author's opinion?
A．Children's hobbies.
B．Parents' habits.
C．The living environment.
D．The school requirements.
2．What does the underlined word “mimic” probably mean?
A．Copy. B．Wonder.
C．Approve. D．Suspect.
3．According to the text，we should make the time to exercise by ________.
A．limiting screen time
B．scheduling it in advance
C．consulting our gym coach
D．talking with our family members
4．Why does the author advise parents to develop the habit of exercising?
A．To fight against ageing.
B．To control their weight.
C．To improve their fitness.
D．To set an example to their kids.
(B)
Meet some of the natives of Hawaiians today and you may just find that not much has changed in their nature-loving culture.Many Hawaiians show interest and actively take part in the ancient arts and crafts of their ancestors.They are enthusiastic about preserving their culture and their traditions，which makes them one of the most long-lasting and persevering cultures in the world.Perhaps it is because of their close ties with and respect for nature that the Hawaiians hold on so tightly to their ways.
Perhaps the most heart-warming aspect of Hawaiian culture is simply their inviting，welcoming and hospitable (好客的) spirit.Kindness can be seen in the smiles on their faces and the unique greeting “Aloha！”“Aloha” is commonly used to say “hello” or “goodbye”．On a deeper level，however，this is also a greeting that is meant to express a spirit of harmony (和谐)，positivity and goodness among one another.When native Hawaiians greet you “Aloha”，they are expressing their love，respect and good wishes.In many ways，the simplicity of the word “Aloha” and its deep meaning reflect (反映) the beauty of the Hawaiian islands and its people.
The theme here seems to be that the beauty is in the details.The Hawaiian culture is influenced just as much by social，political and economic factors as it is by the
changing tides，rising mountains，living forests and shinning stars.If you plan on taking a vacation to Hawaii，remember to take some time to relax and get to know the people and the spirit of “Aloha”．You're sure to take pleasure in enjoying every little detail of Hawaii－its culture and its people.
1．Why do Hawaiians take an active part in the ancient arts and crafts?
A．To attract more tourists.
B．To preserve their culture.
C．To learn about their early history.
D．To show respect to their ancestors.
2．What is the most heart-warming aspect of Hawaiian culture?
A．Their love of nature.
B．Their simple way of living.
C．Their kindness to visitors.
D．Their special way of greeting.
3．What can we learn about the Hawaiians' unique greeting “Aloha”？
A．Its meaning is complex and unclear.
B．It is mainly used to express the feeling of love.
C．It is usually used to greet people for the first time.
D．It has a deep spiritual meaning to native Hawaiians.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．The Hawaiian culture.
B．The beauty of Hawaii.
C．The natives of Hawaiians.
D．The good spirit of Hawaiians.
(C)
While you might not realize it，the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night.With a few simple lifestyle changes，you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day，even on weekends，holidays
and days off.Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy.If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes，get up and do something relaxing.Go back to bed when you are tired.
Pay attention to what you eat and drink.Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed.Your discomfort might keep you up.Avoid caffeine(咖啡因)6 hours before you sleep.Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep.Coffee isn't the only product containing caffeine.Avoid chocolate and tea，too.Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.
Many people turn on the TV before they go to influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would，especially if you are watching something exciting.Instead of turning on the TV，read a book.Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.
If you suffer from serious sleep problems，go to your doctor.Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.
1．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual.
B．Go to bed at a regular time.
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.
2．What does the author advise you to do if you can't fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water.
B．To do some light reading.
C．To listen to light music.
D．To get up and relax.
3．What does the underlined word “stuffed”in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much.
B．Having eaten too much.
C．Feeling too sad.
D．Feeling to tired.
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed.
B．The importance of sleeping well.
C．How to improve your sleep quality.
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.
(D)
Is your bedroom really hot? If it is，it may be affecting your memory，and other thinking skills.New research shows that sleeping in a hot room can affect the thinking ability of even healthy young adults.This finding comes from Harvard University.Researchers there looked at 24 students before，during and after a heat wave for 12 days.Of the 24 students，four slept in rooms with air-conditioning，also called “AC” for short.And 20 slept in rooms without AC.
Jose Guillermo led the study.He said they also used tools that recorded physical activity，including heart rate，sweat，and some sleep conditions.The researchers also noted how much water the students drank and how much time they spent outside.
Basically，they found great harm to the thinking ability of the study participants (参与者) in rooms without AC.During the heat wave，students in buildings without AC performed on average 13 percent worse at the tests than those in cooler rooms. Specifically，the students who slept without AC during a heat wave were slower to respond and had difficulty making quick decisions.
Daisy Chang (who was not part of this study) is a psychologist at Michigan State University.She says there could be other reasons for their poor performance.“A lot of reasons could potentially explain this kind of exposure effect.It's not necessarily directly exposure to heat.The heat could have affected their sleep quality so they're less rested—they have less energy，or mental resources，or ability to focus.”
The rooms without AC had fans and open windows.So，they were louder at night.This could have made sleeping difficult.On the other hand，airconditioned rooms can hold higher levels of carbon dioxide.This can also affect a person's ability
to think.However，the students slept better in a cooler room.
1．According to the research，what is negatively affected if your bedroom is really hot?
A．Heart rate. B．Water intake.
C．Blood pressure. D．Thinking ability.
2．Why does the author mention Daisy Chang?
A．To show how the heat wave affects people.
B．To explain where the finding can be applied.
C．To indicate the finding needs to be further investigated.
D．To explain the reasons for the effect of exposure to heat.
3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to?
A．The rooms without AC.
B．The fans and open windows.
C．The air conditioners themselves.
D．The students in rooms without AC.
4．What can we learn about the study?
A．Hot weather affects at-risk populations.
B．The study itself was carelessly prepared.
C．Its finding is contradictory and confusing.
D．Sleeping in hot rooms is bad for the brain.
（E)
When one thinks of Valentine's Day，he/she thinks of the holiday of love. However，the origins of this day actually have a dark background.
According to ，in around 270 A．D.，there was a fertility (生育)festival called Lupercalia.To start the festival the priests would sacrifice (祭祀)a goat for fertility.The priests would then cut the goat skin into strips，dip them into blood and go around the streets slapping (抽打) women with the goat skin.
The Roman women welcomed the slaps because they believed it would make them more fertile in the next year.The second part of the festival was a ceremony.All of the young women would put their names in a pot and the unmarried men would
pick their pair for the year and the well-matched pair usually ended in marriage.
It wasn't until the Middle Ages that Valentine's Day became connected with love.In France and England，Feb.14 was the beginning of the birds' mating (交配) season，which added to the idea of romance.And it wasn't until the 17th century that it became common for friends and lovers to exchange small gifts or notes.
However，in today's society there are two different views on the day of love.The first is that Valentine's Day is just a holiday that is created by the card，flower，and jewellery industries.The second is that Valentine's Day is a day to love those who are held dear to one's heart.Valentine's Day is a major holiday that millions of people spend a certain amount of money on for the people they love.The approximate amount of money that is expected to be spent on Valentine's Day is $19.7 billion.
Even though Valentine's Day in today's society is a celebration of love，it once started out as a holiday celebrating fertility.
1．Who were most affected by “Lupercalia” in ancient Rome?
A．Children. B．Priests.
C．Farmers. D．Women.
2．What are responsible for Valentine's Day in its modern sense?
A．Religious activities. B．Natural phenomena.
C．Political systems. D．Cultural exchanges.
3．What can we conclude from the last but one paragraph?
A．Valentine's Day is causing disagreements among people.
B．Valentine's Day is going to be celebrated differently.
C．Valentine's Day is becoming a big day for business.
D．Valentine's Day is gradually losing its popularity.
4．What could be the best title for the text?
A．The dark history of Valentine's Day
B．A major festival in ancient Rome
C．Valentine's Day in the Middle Ages
D．A romantic day for lovers
（F)
E-waste is growing，and with that comes the need for effective electronics recycling programs.People are looking for information on TV recycling，computer recycling，and other programs that will help them responsibly get rid of unwanted equipment.
With new cheap devices (设备)，society has gained great benefits.However，they have led to a rapidly growing issue of end-of-life (EOL)electronics or e-waste. According to one report，nearly 75 percent of old electronics continue to be stored at home because of the unavailability of convenient recycling programs.
These EOL electronic devices include such items as old-fashioned computer equipment，televisions and mobile phones.Such items can often be recycled，yet a large amount still finds its way to the landfill (垃圾填埋地)．Recent recycling is unable to catch up with the rapid growth of e-waste.For example，for 2009，the U．S.EPA reported that only 8 percent of cell phones were recycled by weight，along with 17 percent of televisions，and 38 percent of computers.
Electronics recycling is essential.Electronics are a rich source of raw materials.Internationally，only 10-15 percent of the gold in e-waste is successfully recovered while the rest is lost.However，electronic waste contains precious metal evaluated to be between 40 and 50 times richer than ores (矿石) from the earth. Additionally，old electronic devices contain poisonous substances.Proper processing is essential to ensure that these materials are not released into the environment.
How can consumers recycle their old electronic devices? The best choice is to donate computer equipment that can be reused.Other recycling opportunities include electronics recycler locations or electronics recycling programs such as those offered by BestBuy.Also，other programs are available to help us with the recycling of cell phones，such as through Call2Recycle.
1．What caused the rapid increase of e-waste?
A．The growth of new cheap devices.
B．The poor storage conditions at home.
C．The unavailability of recycling programs.
D．The lack of related environmental policies.
2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Cell phones are hard to recycle.
B．The electronics recycling rate is still low.
C．EOL electronic devices include various items.
D．Many electronics can't find their way to the landfill.
3．What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?
A．To show how to recycle electronics effectively.
B．To show why it is important to recycle electronics.
C．To draw people's attention to electronics recycling.
D．To ask more people to join in electronics recycling.
4．We know from the last paragraph that consumers ________.
A．are more willing to donate their used equipment
B．help Call2Recycle a lot in electronics recycling
C．have a number of recycling opportunities
D．hope to have more recycling programs
（G)
Old Problem，New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emission (排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that: “T here is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other
communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration c ame from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norp hel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool t he planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant。