人教八上Review of units 6-10知识讲解

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Review of Units 6-10
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. agree with &agree to
agree with和agree to都意为“同意……;赞成……”,但前者常跟人或表示“意见;观点”的词;后者常跟表示“计划;提议;办法;安排”的词。

例如:
I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你(的意见)。

I don’t agree to your idea. 我不同意你的想法。

【拓展】
agree还可以用于that从句前,表示“同意;一致认为”。

例如:
We all agreed that everybody should come here early. 我们一致认为每一个人都应该早点过来。

It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要再开一次会。

2. grow
(1)grow 作行为动词时,可以意为“种,种植”,是及物动词,后面可以直接跟宾语。

也可以意为“生长,成长”,是不及物动词,常与up构成短语,意为“长大”。

例如:
My father grows vegetables by himself every year. (及物动词)
我父亲每年自己种蔬菜。

The olive grows in Italy. (不及物动词)
橄榄生长于意大利。

What are you going to do when you grow up? (和up连用)
你长大后打算干什么?
(2)grow 作连系动词,意为“逐渐变得”,后接形容词作表语。

例如:
Truth never grows old. 真理永远不会变老。

The world is growing smaller. 世界在逐渐变小
3. can与be able to
(1)be able to 和can有时可以互换,但是can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,而be able to有多种时态形式。

例如:
Mary can play the piano. 玛丽会弹钢琴。

She has been able to play it since she was five. 她自从五岁起就会弹琴了。

(2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was ⁄were able to则表示“过去设法做成了某事”。

在否定句中两者可通用。

例如:
He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t want to do it that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。

Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

(3)can 可以表示允许或猜测,be able to 不能表示这个意思。

例如:
Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?
有人在敲门,会是谁呢?
4. already与yet
(1)already意为“已经”,一般用于肯定句,可以放在句子中也可以放在句末。

用于疑问句时表示“惊喜;意外”之意。

例如:
When I got to the station the train had already left. 当我到达火车站的时候,火车已经开走了。

When I came in, she was laying the table already. 我进来时, 她已在摆餐具了。

Is it 5 o’clock already? 已经五点了吗?
(2)yet意为“已经;还”,用于疑问句或否定句,一般放在句末。

例如:
-Have you finished your homework yet? 你作业完成了吗?
-Not yet. 还没有。

5. free
(1)free 形容词,意为“空闲的,有空的”或者“免费的”。

意为“空闲的,有空的”时,反义词是busy,意为“忙碌的”。

be free= have time, 意为“有空”,free time= spare time, 意为“业余时间,空闲时间”。

例如:
Are you free this Sunday? 这周日你有时间吗?
All the books are free. 所有的书免费。

Now the children from country get free textbooks. 现在农村的孩子免费得到了课本。

(2)free 形容词,意为“自由的”,名词形式是freedom。

例如:
He will be free soon. 他很快就会得到自由。

You are free to do as you wish. 你想怎么做都可以。

(3)free 的副词形式freely意为“自由地,随意地,免费地,坦率地”。

例如:
The old woman cannot move freely. 那个老人不能自如地移动。

She talked quite freely about her work. 她坦率地谈自己的工作。

6. add…to…&add to
add…to…意为“把……加到……”而add to意为“增加;增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。

例如:
Please add some salt in my soup. 请在我的汤里加点盐。

The trip adds greatly to our understanding of your country.
这次旅行大大增加了我们对你们国家的了解。

【拓展】
(1)add up 意为“把……加起来”。

例如:
At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add up the cost.
在出口处, 客气的服务员把你的商品接过去, 把价钱加在一起。

(2)add up to 意为“总计;加起来结果是”。

例如:
The money adds up to 1,000,000.
这笔钱总计达100万。

7. miss
(1)miss 作动词,意为“怀念,思念”,后可以接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。

例如:She missed her mother badly. 她非常思念她的母亲。

I missed working with you. 我怀念和你一起工作的时光。

(2)miss 作动词还可以表示“错过,没赶上”。

例如:
He arrived too late and missed the train. 他到的太晚,没赶上火车。

I missed the chance to go to college. 我错过了上大学的机会。

(3)miss 的首字母大写,即Miss,意为“小姐,老师”。

通常用于未婚女性的姓氏前。

例如:Miss Li is our English teacher. 李老师是我们的英语老师。

【拓展】miss和lose的区别
(1)lose在作“丢失”解时,表示“失而难以复得或失而无法复得”的意思;
miss是指“发觉某物不见”。

例如:
I’ve lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。

She lost her husband in the crowd. 她和她丈夫在人群中走散了。

When did you realize you miss your purse? 你什么时候发现丢了钱包呢?
(2)missing和lost都可作形容词,missing表示“不见了”指“应有而缺少”,lost含有“遗失”、“失而找到”的意思。

例如:
The book had two pages missing/two missing pages. 那本书缺两页。

When he left the country, I knew the money I’d lent him was lost forever.
在他出国的时候,我就知道我借给他的那笔钱是永远失去了。

8. finally, at last&in the end
(1)finally可放在句首、句中或句尾,强调在列举论点时,引出最后一个内容,有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。

例如:
They talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided not to go.
他们讨论了好几个小时,最后决定不去了。

此外,finally还可用在句中的动词前面,表示“等了很久才……”,但感情色彩不浓。

例如:
We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived.
我们等了又等,最终火车来了。

(2)at last可放在句首或句尾,表示期待的感情更为强烈,强调经过曲折后才达到目的。

例如:My brother went to college at last. 我弟弟终于上大学了。

She came at last. 她总算来了。

(3)in the end可放在句首或句尾,可以与at last互换,表示经过困难之后才达到目的,但表示对结局的预测时,只能用in the end。

例如:
In the end we found the house. 最后我们找到了那间房子。

They won in the end. 最后他们赢了。

词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。

1. agree with_________
2. in the end__________
3. 太……而不能……________
4. 能(够)__________
5. add…to…_________
6. 盼望,期待________
7. take a trip_________ 8. have to do with________ 9. hundreds of ________
10. 寻找_________
II. 根据句意及首字母提示完成所缺单词。

1. I can get a f______ ticket.
2. —Are you going to play basketball with us tomorrow?
—I’m not sure y__________.
3. There will be more robots in the f_______.
4. My parents will p_______ vegetables on the garden tomorrow.
5. -What’s your New Year’s r________?
-I’m going to learn to play the piano.
6. My sister can speak three f_______ languages —English, French and Japanese.
7. Roberts will have many s_______. Snakes robots can help us look for people after an earthquake.
8. We should speak English as much as p_______.
9. We held a party to c_______ New Year.
10. In most countries, people usually eat t______ food on special days.
Ⅲ. 用词的正确形式填空。

1. The weather is good for ______(fish).
2. He is showing some _______ (visit) from Japan around our school.
3. The children became very _______ (excite) at the wonderful news.
4. Summer is always wet. It is _______ _______ (wet)of all the seasons.
5. He often skates in winter. He is very good at _______ (skate).
6. Tom has ______ (few) Christmas cards than I.
7. He is ill and he can eat ______(little) food than before, so he gets quick weak.
8. My sister ______ (fly) to America next week.
9. There are many interesting _______ (predict)
10. My brother is going to be an _________ (act) when he grows up.
Ⅳ.
1. He has finished reading the novel ___________.
2. First, we’ll learn the new words, then the text, ___________ we’ll do some exercises.
3. ___________ they reached a place of safety.
’s very exciting.
5. I have _______ finishing doing my work. So we can go the park together.
8. My brother ___________ the army when he was 19 years old.
9. Do you know how many of them ___________ the research project?
10. When will you ___________ the meeting?
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。

1. 同意……/赞成……
2. 最后,最终
3. too…to…
4. be able to
5. 把……加到……里面去
6. look forward to
7. 去旅行
8. 关于;与……有关系9. 数百个10. look for
II. 根据句意及首字母提示完成所缺单词。

1. free
2. yet
3. future
4. plant
5. resolution
6. foreign
7. shapes
8. possible
9. celebrate 10. traditional
Ⅲ. 用词的正确形式填空。

1. fishing
2. visitors
3. excited
4. the wettest
5. skating
6. fewer
7. less
8. will fly
9. predictions 10. actor
Ⅳ. 选词填空。

1. at last
2. finally
3. In the end
4. yet
5. already
6. missing
7. lost8. joined9. joined in10. take part in
句式精讲
1. There will be…
There will be是there be句型的将来时形式,也可用there is/are going to be…来表将来时。

例如:
There will / is going to be less pollution in our town in the future.
未来我们镇上的污染会更少。

There will/is going to be a sports meeting in our school next week.
下周我们学校将有一场运动会。

【注意】
there与be动词连用表示“有”,have也表示有;它们不能同时出现在一句话中。

There be句型表示存在,意为“什么地方有什么东西”,而have表示“拥有”的概念,即“……有……”。

例如:
There is a pen on the table. 桌子上有只钢笔。

(存在)
I have a pen. 我有一支钢笔。

(拥有)
2. make sb. do sth.
make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”,后接省略to的动词不定式,类似的动词还有let,have等。

例如:The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.
那男孩扮鬼脸逗那个婴儿笑。

The boss made Tom work long hours. 老板逼着汤姆长时间地干活。

【拓展】
“make sb. / sth. + adj.”意为“使某人……”。

例如:The good news makes us happy. 这个好消息使我们很高兴。

3. how many…与how much…
how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问,意为“多少”,前者主要用来对可数名词进行提问,后接可数名词复数形式;后者主要用来对不可数名词进行提问,后接不可数名词。

另外,how much 还可以直接用于询问价格。

例如:
-How many months are there in one year? 一年有几个月?
-Twelve. 十二个。

-How much is your new bike? 你的新车多少钱?
-It’s 1200 yuan. 一千二百元。

-How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
-There is only a little. 只有一点儿。

【注意】
how much对价格提问,后接be动词时,be动词是单数形式还是复数形式,取决于be之后的名词。

例如:
-How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱?
-Two yuan a kilo. 两元一公斤。

-How much is the dictionary? 这本字典多少钱?
-Forty yuan. 四十元。

4. not…until…
(1)until既可作介词又可作连词。

作介词时,后接表示时间的名词或数词;作连词时,后接表示时间的状语从句。

例如:
He waited until 12:00. 他一直等到12点钟。

He didn’t go to bed until his f ather came back. 直到他爸爸回来,他才上床睡觉。

(2)until既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句,但二者所表达的时间界限不同。

用于肯定句,表示动作一直持续到until后的时刻;用于否定句,构not…until…的固定搭配,意为“直到……才……”表示动作从until后的时刻开始。

例如:
I did my homework until my mother came back from work.
我一直做作业直到妈妈下班回家。

I didn’t do my homework until my m other came back from work.
直到妈妈下班回家,我才做作业。

5. She was afraid to tell her parents about it.
(1)be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接不定式,也可接名词、代词或of doing sth。

例如:
She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。

She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。

I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。

(2)表示担心可能会发生某事,则只能用be afraid of doing而不能用be afraid to do。

例如:I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。

(3)be afraid后可接that从句。

例如:
He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。

6. 原级、比较级和最高级句型总结
(1)原级的常用句型
as + 形容词原形+ as 例如:
Tom is as tall as Mike. 汤姆和迈克一样高。

Tom is as old as Mike. 汤姆和迈克一样大。

There are as many students in our class as yours. 我们班有和你们班一样多的学生。

否定:“not as + 形容词/副词原形+ as”或“not so + 形容词/副词原形+ as”意为“和……不一样”
或“不及/不如……”例如:
Lucy is not as tall as Mike. =
Lucy is not so tall as Mike. 露西没有迈克那样高。

(2)比较级常用句型
1) 比较级+ than… 例如:
Our school is larger than theirs. 我们学校比他们学校大。

This bridge is longer than that one. 这座桥比那座桥长。

2) 表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is + 比较级,…or…?”例如:
Which is longer, this ruler or that one? 这把尺子和那把尺子,哪一个更长?
3) 表示不及另一方时,使用“less + 原级+ than…”。

例如:
This park is less beautiful than that one. 这个公园不如那个公园漂亮。

4) 形容词的比较级+ and + 形容词的比较级(前后形容词是同一个)意为“越来越……”。

例如:
She is becoming thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。

Our country is becoming richer and richer. 我们国家变得越来越富强。

5) The + 比较级,the+比较级意为“越……越……”。

例如:
The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat. 房子越小,我们所花的取暖费就越少。

The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙就越高兴。

6) the+比较级+ of + the + two 意为“两者中比较……的”。

例如:
The watch is the cheaper of the two. 两块手表中,这块比较便宜。

7) 用比较级形式表示最高级的意思:比较级+ than any other + 单数名词例如:
He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比班上任何其他男孩都高。

(3)最高级常用句型
1) 形容词最高级的用法:in / of+范围例如:
The girl with short hair is the tallest in our class. 那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的。

His room is the cleanest of the three. 他的房间是三间中最干净的一间。

2) …one of the + 最高级+名词复数,表示“最……之一”。

例如:
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. 鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。

3) 三者及以上做比较,用“Which /Who…+ 最高级,A, B or C? ”。

例如:
Who is the tallest, Jim, Mike or Tom? 谁最高,Jim,Mike还是Tom?
4) 当表示“第二,第三”等意思时,经常在最高级的前面加second, third等词。

例如:
This is the third largest city in China. 这是中国第三大城市。

7. “请求”表达法种种
英语中,表达“请求”的句型有许多,以下几种较为常见。

(1) 用“please + 动词原形”或“动词原形+ please”,即在一般祈使句中加上please,使语气变得委婉。

例如:
Please have a glass of milk. 请喝杯牛奶。

Wait a minute, please. 请稍等。

(2) 用“Will you (please) + 动词原形…?”结构,用于第二人称表示向对方提出试探性建议或有礼貌的请求。

例如:
Will you please give a message to her?
请给她捎个口信好吗?
Will you help me with my English? 请帮我学习英语好吗?
(3) 用“Would you mind doing…?”结构。

例如:
—Would you mind lending me your bike? 能借用一下你的自行车吗?
—No, not at all. 没问题。

(4) 用“Can / May / Could / Might + 主语+ 动词原形…?”结构。

其中could,might不表示过去时间,而是比can,may更委婉客气。

例如:
Can I go home now? 我现在可以回家了吗?
May we ask you some questions, Mr Hu? 胡先生,我们可以问您一些问题吗?
Could you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?
(5) 用“Would you + 动词原形…?”结构。

例如:
Would you come to dinner? 来吃晚饭好吗?
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。

1. 未来,这里将会有更多的树和更少的污染。

There _______ ______ ______ trees and ______ pollution in the future.
2. 那个小男孩儿的话把大家都逗笑了。

The little boy’s words _______ everybody ______.
3. 昨晚,直到我妈妈回来我才上床睡觉。

I ______ go to bed ______ my mother came back last night.
4. 不要害怕出错。

熟能生巧。

Don’t be afraid______ ______ ______. Practice makes perfect.
5. 我认为游泳和打篮球一样有趣。

I ___________ swimming is ___________ ___________ ___________ playing basketball.
6. 谁是你们市里最受欢迎的流行歌手?
Who is ___________ ___________ ___________ singer in your city?
7. 你介意我打开窗户吗?
Would you ___________ my ___________ the window?
8. 早上锻炼对你的健康有益。

___________ ___________ ___________ your health ___________ ___________ in the morning.
9. 他今天没吃早饭就去上学了。

He went to school ___________ ___________ ___________ today.
10. 明天去游泳怎么样?
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ tomorrow?
II. 句型转换,每空一词。

1. Cathy goes to work three days a week. (对划线部分提问)
________ _________ does Cathy go to work?
2. He is going to buy something for his party. (变否定句)
He ________ going to buy __________ for his party.
3. This book is so difficult that children can’t read it. (同义句)
This book is ________ difficult for children________ read.
4. The earth is big, but the sun is much bigger. (改为同义句)
The sun is ________ ________ ________ the earth.
5. Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? (改为同义句)
________ ________ going for a picnic tomorrow?
6. They are going to fly kites tomorrow morning. (改为一般疑问句)
______ they ______ to fly kites tomorrow morning?
7. There is a little rain here. (用in the future改写句子)
_______ _______ ______ little rain here in the future.
8.Mr. Wu went to America by plane. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ Mr. Wu ________ to America?
9. Miss Li began to teach English in this school last year. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Miss Li _______ to teach English in this school last year?
10. Were you and your brother at home this morning? (作肯定回答)
Yes, ______ ______.
III. 从方框中选出填在句中空白处的最佳选项,其中有2项为多余选项。

A: Excuse me, sir. 1
B: Sure. What can I do for you, young man?
A: 2 Our class want to go on a trip. I’d like to look for some sightseeing information. I wan t to know if you have a 6-day tour.
B: We certainly do. We have many such tours. 3 .
A: Well, we are going to visit the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and World Park and so on.
B: They are all places of great interest in Beijing. 4 .
A: Well, today is June 24. And we still have three more days before finishing the final exam. 5 .
B: Oh, I see.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。

1. will be more, less
2. made, laugh
3. didn’t, until
4. to make mistakes
5. think; as interesting as
6. the most popular
7. mind; opening
8. It’s good for; to exercise 9. without having breakfast 10. What about going swimming
II. 句型转换,每空一词。

1. How often
2. isn’t; anything
3. too; to
4. much bigger than
5. What about
6. Are, going
7. There will be
8. How did, go
9. Did, begin 10. we were
III. 补全对话。

1-5:DFECA。

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