2021一轮复习外研A版 选修6 unit 1 Small talk

2021创新方案一轮复习外研A版选修6
【高考这样考】-----高考由“知识立意”转向“素养立意”
阅读理解这样考
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读D) We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversat ion because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains，“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners.
B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic.
D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships.
B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk.
D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. Uncomfortable Silence
【语篇大意】本文是一篇议论文。

文章主要讨论了人们在公共场合因沉迷于智能手机或者沉默而导致了陌生人之间缺乏沟通这一问题。

文章指出人与人之间需要适当的闲聊，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少，而且也有很多好处。

32. C。

主旨大意题。

在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。

由此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。

A：沉迷于智能手机。

B：在公共场所不适当的行为。

C：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。

D：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。

故选C。

33. B。

推理判断题。

根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not
just communicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。

）由此推断C符合题意。

A：表现出良好的礼貌。

B：与他人有关的。

C：专注于一个话题。

D：做商业交易。

故选B。

34. D。

推理判断题。

根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。

由此可知，D项符合题意。

A：闲聊改善了家庭关系。

B：闲聊提高了人们的信心。

C：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。

D：闲聊让人感觉很好。

故选D。

35.C。

主旨大意题。

整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。

A：谈话很重要。

B：闲聊的方法。

C：闲聊的好处。

D：不舒服的沉默。

故选C。

【把握命题方向】
一、考什么主题
本文是一篇议论文。

文章主要讨论了人们在公共场合因沉迷于智能手机或者沉默而导致了陌生人之间缺乏沟通这一问题。

文章指出人与人之间需要适当的闲聊，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少，而且也有很多好处，属于“人与社会”主题语境中的“良好的人际关系与社会交往（二）聊天与交往”子话题范畴，旨在引导学生在某些场合自觉抵制只顾看手机而不愿与人交谈这一不良做法。

随着我国社会的快速发展，智能电子产品层出不穷。

虽然人人都离不开手机，但不也能完全把时间都耗在玩手机上。

社会更需要擅长交际的人才，因为，人们之间有了交流，社会才会更加和谐。

自我封闭或者单纯地线上交流不利于青少年的成长。

此文正是以引导广大青少年放下手机，打破沉默，学会与人交流来命题立意的，这符合了时代需要。

二、考什么素养
(1)话题词汇语境中记熟（见文中加黑）
(2)熟词生义语境中辨析
1. E xperts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. 实践
2. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. 交易
3. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them." 关键
4. In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. 副的
5. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also." 重要(3)生僻词汇语境中推断
1. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy，... for casual conversation. 认为
2. It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. 连累
3. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. 显著地
(4) 构词知识语境中活用
1.It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging(词源：challenge).
具体有挑战性的
2. But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also. 福祉
(5)长难句式语篇中分析
①[原句1]We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
[分析]本句是状语复杂的简单句。

句中冒号后的“in a lift,...an airplane”是表语成分，是对there的解释说明；“surrounded by... silence”是过去分词短语作状语，该状语中包含who引导的定语从句，它修饰先行词people，定语从句的谓语动词是由or连接的were focused on和struggling with。

[句意] 我们都遇到过这种情况：在电梯里、等候室，在银行排队或者排队登机时，周围的人和我们自己一样，注意力都放在手机上，或者比这更糟糕的是，我们都在令人尴尬的沉默中挣扎。

②[原句2]It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation becaus e it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s
annoying and unnecessary.
[分析]本句是复合句。

句中“It's more...conversation”部分是主干句，它是it作形式主语的主语从句；because引导的是原因状语从句，该从句是由or连接的两个并列分句，其中第二个并列分句中又包含一个系表结构的宾语从句“it's..unnecessary”。

[句意]更可能的是，我们没有人会因为尴尬和挑战而开始对话，或许是因为我们认为这是恼人且不必要的。

(6) 语篇架构导图中理清
本文对人们在公共场合因沉迷于智能手机而缺少交流这一现象进行讨论，最后专得出结论，闲聊是有好处的。

文章启示我们社会需要沟通和交流才能更加和谐。

我们不能被智能手机绑架而成为它的奴隶。

当今社会，人才的竞争加剧。

人与人缺少交流可能会带来诸如身心不健康、丧失生命、社会不和谐等问题。

因此，文章从正面指出人们交流的好处，让人们意识到沉迷手机可能会带来的风险。

让人们多些沟通，多点和谐，从而形成良好的人际关系才是正确的社会价值观。

学会闲聊既是一种生活技能，更是一种文化意识。

【视野拓展】
1. Trust is a bridge between you and me, communication is the messenger.
你我之间，信任是桥梁，沟通是信使。

2. No communication or improper communication, sometimes can bring a lot of regret.
不沟通或是不正确沟通，有时会带来很多的遗憾。

3. An excessive reliance on smartphones may weaken your interpersonal skills.
过度依赖智能手机可能会削弱你的人际交往能力。

[文化视野拓展]
Small talks
A small talk is a good way to kill time and make friends. When you are in other countries, do you know how to have small talks with people?
In England, people like to talk about the weather, because the weather there changes very often. In the morning, it is sunny, but in can be cloudy or rainy in the afternoon. It often rains, but sometimes it’s sunny. And the winter isn’t ver y cold and the summer isn’t very hot.
English people are kind of quiet. They don’t often talk to others first, but when you ask them about the weather, they are usually happy and want to talk with you, so you can start a small talk by saying, “ It’s a fine day, isn’t it?”
They also like to talk about their pets, so it’s nice to say “A lovely dog! What’s its name?” to them. But American people like to talk about sports like football and basketball. They also talk about clothes. The weather is a great talk in America, too.
A good small talk can make you feel great, so when you are in England or America, please follow these rules.
闲聊
闲聊是消磨时间和交朋友的好方法。

当你在其他国家的时候，你知道如何与人交谈吗?
在英国，人们喜欢谈论天气，因为那里的天气多变。

在早上，它是阳光明媚的，但在下午就可能是多云或下雨了。

会经常下雨，但有时也阳光灿烂。

冬天不太冷，夏天也不太热。

英国人比较安静。

他们通常不会先和别人聊天，但当你问他们天气如何时，他们通常很高兴，想和你聊天，所以你可以这样开始:“天气不错，不是吗?”
他们也喜欢谈论他们的宠物，所以说“A lovely dog!”它的名字是什么?”。

但是美国人喜欢谈论像足球和篮球这样的运动。

他们也谈论衣服。

天气在美国也很受欢迎。

一个好的闲聊可以让你感觉很好，所以当你在英国或美国时，请遵循这些规则。

文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。

文章的作者先指出人们之间因沉迷于手机而缺乏必要的交流这一社会现象，然后引用专有的观点：闲聊是有好处的。

作者然后又给出专家的分析和结论。

把这些概括起来，就会得出文章的中心大意。

A 、B 、
D 三项仅涉及到文章内容的一个细节。

一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，而错选其它三项。

自学区——学生为主体，语基从广度上积累
一、主题阅读类词汇——多多益善
二、主题表达类词汇——记牢用对
【归类串记】(加黑词为本单元出现词汇)
学习能力一高频单词突破
【演绎法练通】单句语法填空/单句改错/补全句子
①For lack of confidence, she is lacking (lack) in skills of communicating.
②While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.
③Though lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university seventeen years ago. lacked→lacking
④(2016江苏卷)—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence(缺乏自信) is his Achilles’ heel, I am afraid.
2．advance adj.预先的，在前的v．前进，进展；促进；提前n．前进，进展，进步；增长
【针对训练】 单句语法填空/同义替换
⑥As is known to all, China will be a more advanced (advance) and powerful country in the near future. ⑦In spite of the advances (advance) made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.
⑧(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to buy a history book and learn the history of
the Tang Dynasty ahead of time (=in advance), which can help you better understand the poems to be learned. 【演绎法练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①In the absence (absent) of proof, the police could not take action against the man. ②What made the teacher angry was his absence from school yesterday without permission.
③(2019天津卷) If you fail to check out in this manner,the staff will hold an inspection in/during your absence and assess whether any payment is required.
④Much to my regret, I will be absent from/won't attend(不能参加) your party owing to the fact that the College Entrance Exam is just around the corner, for which I am now really busy preparing. 4．apology n ．道歉，致歉
【小试身手】单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2017天津卷) Respond quickly and briefly, apologising/apologizing (apology) for your mistake. ②
If you are really wrong, you should apologize/apologise to your roommate. =If you are really wrong, you should make an apology to your roommate. 如果你真的错了，你应该向你的室友道歉。

【归纳法记牢】
【演绎法练通】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2018全国卷Ⅲ) I can't imagine doing (do) anything else with my life. ②A novel is a long written story about imaginary (imagine) people and events.
③(2016北京卷)Li Bai, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, created a large number of wonderful poems throughout his life with his rich imagination (imagine).
④When imaginative (imagine) scientists first suggested the possibility that one person should speak directly over a long distance, few people took them seriously.
【演绎法练通】单句语法填空/翻译句子
①(2018全国卷Ⅰ)Additionally(addition), table manners play an important part during your visit.
②(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional (addition) benefits beyond being physically fit.
③(2019全国卷Ⅰ书面作文)此外，我总是乐于助人。

In addition/Besides/Furthermore/What's more, I am always ready to help others.
2．leave out省去，删去；漏掉；忽视，冷落；忽略，不考虑
【针对训练】用适当的介、副词填空
①We plan to leave for the island on September 29th in case there will be a traffic jam.
②She makes it a rule to leave aside an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.
③By opening a novel,I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world.
④I'd appreciate it if you could help me look through the English composition to check whether I have left out some information.
【演绎法练通】单句语法填空/补全句子
①All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.
②The police said the hackers were just looking to show off and get as much attention as possible．
③(2018北京卷书面表达) Firstly, I showed them around our school tea house, where they saw different kinds of tea sets.
④(2019全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)By the way, our music teacher and foreign teachers are scheduled to show up/be present/ appear (露面) on the stage.
4．every time引导时间状语从句
Her motto was“Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
她的座右铭是:“每次我一开口，我就说错话。

【归纳点拨】
【针对训练】单句语法填空/单句改错/补全句子
①But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
②“Every/Each time when you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.
去掉when
③(2016•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. 我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我看了一些有关那个主题的照片。

5．It is＋过去分词＋that从句
It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
据估计，80%的英语会话都是闲聊。

【归纳点拨】
【针对训练】补全或翻译句子
(1) (2019天津卷书面表达)据说印象派画家是最早在户外工作的画家。

①It is said that the Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
②As is said, the Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
③People said that the Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.
(2016四川卷书面表达) 众所周知，春天被认为是一年的开始。

④As is known to all, spring is considered to be the beginning of a year.
⑤It's known to all that spring is considered to be the beginning of a year.
【素养这样提】----提能由“刷题强训”转向“精题细作”______
一、语基精作(积累语言知识、提升语言能力)
I.单句语法填空
1. (2018全国卷Ⅰ)And remember it's impolite (polite) to use chopsticks to knock bowls.
2. (2016北京卷)Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced (advance) Mathematics.
3. Considering my personal conditions, I confidently (confident) think I am capable of the position.
4. I thought he made this mistake on purpose in his job because he wanted to make his manager angry.
5. (2019天津卷)However, technology is also the application (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem
6. It was not until I was injured in a car accident that I found out that real American society.
7. He said our country was in an important period of strategic opportunities (opportunity) for development.
8. The problem of global warming is serious. As a consequence, the sea levels have risen a little.
9. However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
10.The young violinist is very excited because the concert given by him has never been more successful (succeed)．II.语境辨义
1. (2016全国卷Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device on your desk. v.形成
2. (2015四川卷) After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an11-year-old boy in 1961. adj.相当大的
3. (2015重庆卷) I tried being firm, but it didn't work. I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter. adj.坚定的
4. (2015全国卷Ⅱ) I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. v.欺骗；愚弄
5. (2016江苏卷) More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory.
A. 功能
B.函数
C.起作用答案：C
Ⅲ.单句改错
1. The reason why he was successfully was that he had worked hard. successfully→successful
2 It’s hard to make friend if you stay at home alone all the time. friend→friends
3. Only when he apologises to his rudeness will I speak to him again. to→for
4. We need to remind ourselves of their pains every time when we waste our parents' money.去掉when
5. I want to tell you there is, in addition to, one further point to make. 去掉第二个to
IV.翻译或补全句子
1. (2018浙江卷书面表达)感谢您在百忙之中阅读我的申请。

(apply)
Thank you for sparing time to read my application.
2. (2019全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我总是乐于助人。

(addition)
In addition, I am always ready to help others.
3. (2015全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果你愿意来，请提前告诉我。

(advance)
If you would like to come, please tell me in advance.
4. (2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 据说，数千幅民间艺术家的作品将在这里展出。

(主语从句)
It's said that thousands of works cut by folk artists will be on display.
5. (2019全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)对于像你这样热爱中国音乐的人来说，这绝对是一个不容错过的好机会。

For someone so fond of Chinese music like you, it is absolutely a great opportunity you can't miss.
二、语篇巧读(储备文化意识、提升思维品质)
【思维能力】
1.逻辑思维能力
第4题考查逻辑思维能力。

第4题可运用逻辑思维根据下文“经常抱怨”推测出来朋友“无休止地”跟我们谈论这些问题。

此题关键在于由“often complaining”能想到endlessly这层意思。

这是一种逻辑思维。

2.跨跃性思维能力
第3、13题属于词义复现题目。

这些题目的在文中的复现词分别是respond和reflect。

第3题的答案可以根据文章末尾20空后的responding分析得出；第13题可以根据第15空后的reflecting分析得出。

而找到这些词都需要学生具备跨跃性思维能力,既从题目所在空的上、下句或段中寻找线索, 不要把思维仅局限于本句或本段。

【文化意识】
本文是一篇议论文。

文章就如何做一个好的倾听者进行了讨论。

善于倾听，乐于倾听是一种人文素养。

倾听是为了更好地交流。

只有善于倾听才能使交流进行得成功和有意义，才找到解决问题的好办法，同时，善于倾听也是一种文化意识。

【文化视野拓展】
Some tips of being a good listener
Diogenes, the Greek philosopher who is supposed to have lived in a barrel, said, “The reason why we have two ears and only one mouth is so that we may listen more and talk less!” Here is some advice for you.
1. Show the other person that you are listening.
2. Look at them.
3. Smile and nod quite often.
4. Shake you head or raise your eyebrows if you don’t follow what they are saying.
5. Don’t tap your foot because this will show impatience.
6. Don’t look at your watch unless you really have to know the time, (and then you should tell the other person why you need to know the time). If you show impatience then the other person will lose the moment of
friendship which they are offering.
希腊哲学家Diogenes（有人说他曾经住过桶里）说：“我们人类有两只耳朵和一张嘴的原因就是我们人类要多听少说！”下面就是给你的一些建议。

1. 让别人感到你在听他们说话。

2. 注视对方。

3. 常常面带微笑，频频点头表示你听懂了对方。

4. 如果不懂就摇摇头或者皱皱眉，让对方知道调整讲话内容。

5. 别用脚敲地板，免得别人误会你听得不耐烦了。

6. 别看手表，除非你确实需要知道时间（看的话你需要告诉其他人你看时间的原因）。

如果你表现出不耐心的话，对方也回将友谊收回来。

课下作业
A卷------单元话题主攻练
阅读理解
A(2020遂宁高三检测)
Have you ever caught yourself saying, "I hate small talk!" the minute you walk into a party? If so, you might be an introvert (内向的人). Introverts hate to chat about "small" subjects with people. They are fine when you talk one on one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there's a group around.
If you're talking to an introvert, you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways. Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in-depth topics. What you need to know is that the introvert is not being rude. It’s just that they don't like small talk. Here's why.
Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversation. Some introverts don’t realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics. You don't need to stay on small talk forever. However, sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time. Small talk is very fast. Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response. But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud. Before they answer, they’ll mull over different thoughts.
Small talk by its very nature invites more people to join in. The more people who join the conversation, the more the introvert will tend to step back. As a result, they’ll be quiet. Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.
The listening involved with small talk is not in-depth. The purpose is about listening "lightly" so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on. Introverts tend to be great listeners, but they use active listening rather than light listening. This makes them wonderful friends, but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they’re so quiet.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要叙述了内向的人不喜欢和人闲聊，尤其是面对一群人会不知所措。

事实上闲聊是通向深入交谈的大门。

1. How do introverts respond to a chat?
A. They try to avoid it.
B. They get excited about it.
C. They give it their full attention.
D. They focus on unimportant topics.
A。

推理判断题。

第一段“Introverts hate to chat about "small" subjects with people.”及第二段中的“If you're talking to an introvert,…small talk.”可知，内向的人不喜欢聊天。

因此对于聊天常常以回避的方式来回应对方，故选A。

2. What do we know about small talk?
A. It goes slowly.
B. It costs people a lot of time.
C. It contributes to deeper topics.
D. It makes no sense.
C。

推理判断题。

第三段“Small talk serves as a gateway ...the bigger topics.” 可知“闲聊是通向更深入交谈的通道。

有些内向的人没有意识到闲聊实际上会帮助他们进入到更大的话题”，由此可知闲聊有助于更大的话题，故选C。

3. What does the underlined phrase "mull over" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Give up.
B. Think over.
C. Write down.
D. Forget about.
B。

猜测词义题。

根据第三段划线词的前一句“But introverts like to ...aloud.”可知，但是内向的人喜欢在大声说出来之前细细咀嚼他们的话,“细细咀嚼”即为仔细考虑，可知，句子“Before they answer ,they’ll mull over different thoughts”可推断出“在他们回答之前，他们会仔细考虑不同的想法。

”，从而得出划线部分“mull over”意为“仔细考虑”。

分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。

4. How can we become a good talker in small conversations?
A. Figure out the deep meaning of questions.
B. Think twice before answering questions.
C. Try to find shared topics.
D. Be a quiet listener.
C。

推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Small talk ... point of interest.”可知，闲聊本身就能吸引更多的人加入进来。

闲聊就是抛出话题，希望其中一个或多个话题能成为共同的兴趣点。

由此可推断出在对话中要成为一个健谈的人，就要试图寻找共同的话题。

分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

B
I did an experiment by talking to strangers recently. Here are some things I experienced during the experiment.
On October 9th, while visiting my family hometown for a wedding, I met a man sitting on the side of the hotel pool.We started talking.It turned out that he had just moved to the area with his family from Chicago.I told him what I knew about the community, the schools, and particular neighborhoods where he was looking to buy a house.He was grateful to me for my information.The interaction made me feel useful and valuable.
On May 20th, we had three men from a tree trimming(修剪) company visiting our house to cut back our trees.Normally, I would let them work outside without engaging them in conversation.This time, after they finished their work, I asked one of the tree trimmers, only half-joking, if they fell off trees frequently.One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee.I loved that conversation.I didn’t always talk to someone whose job was to climb up trees, but it was interesting for learning about how they did it.I also realized I learned something new.
On May 30th, I went to an outdoor block party on Friday night, along with my wife and our 3-month-old baby.Our baby was wearing oversized noise-cancelling headphones that truly looked pretty ridiculous on a baby.When I tried to talk with others, they immediately started talking with me after seeing the baby.I found it was almost very easy to start talking with people when you had a baby with you.
All in all, I felt great about most of my interactions with strangers.Almost every interaction left me feeling a little happier.I also felt I learned new things by talking to people from different walks of life who I wouldn’t normally meet.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

文章的作者做了一个为期21天的与闲聊有关的试验，试验结束后发现自己颇有收获。

5．The man was grateful to the author because ________.
A．he made his first friend there
B．he gained some useful information
C．the author helped him kill the time
D．the author helped him make a decision
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据第二段的“I told him what I knew ... grateful to me for my information.”可知，那人感激作者是因为得到了一些有用的信息。

6．The tree trimmer who talked with the author ________.
A．didn’t like talking to strangers
B．was a respectable worker
C．wasn’t a very careful man
D．got injured once at work
解析：选D细节理解题。

根据第三段的“One of the tree trimmers said ...hurt hi s knee.”可知那人曾经在工作的时候受过伤。

7．What did the author probably learn from the experience on May 30th?
A．Babies are great conversation starters.
B．It’s inconvenient to go out with a baby.
C．People love looking at ridiculous babies.
D．It’s not challenging to talk w ith strangers.
解析：选A推理判断题。

根据第四段的最后一句可知，这次经历让作者意识到小孩是开展闲聊的利器。

8．At this experiment, the author most probably found it ________.
A．useless B．exciting
C．rewarding D．embarrassing
解析：选C推理判断题。

根据末段的叙述可推断，作者觉得这次经历很值得。

C
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about your family and be sure to show pictures of your children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting — and they can cover pretty much or any topic — as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent manner.
In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China, and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one’s salary is ususlly considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticise a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host’s team.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章主要介绍了在商业交往中一些国家和地区倾向的闲聊话题。

9．The underlined word “harmonious” most probably means “________”．
A．competitive B．friendly and peaceful
C．original D．sensitive
解析：选B词义猜测题。

根据该词前后的语境可知，在中国、日本、韩国，人们更注重隐私，他们不会谈论过于私人的话题，认为这会破坏他们正尝试建立的“和谐的”人际关系。

harmonious意为“和谐的，协调的”，B 项最符合文意。

10．The writer thinks politics and religion are ________ for business.
A．cheerful topics B．taboos
C．rude topics D．wise topics
解析：选B细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends.”可得知。

11．Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author?
A．Sports. B．Children.
C．Personal feelings. D．Families.
解析：选A细节理解题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句得知在大部分地方“体育”是一个典型的友好的话题。

B卷------核心素养落实练
Ⅰ.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）（拷20版创新方案B6u2[话题感悟])
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Silence is unnatural to a man. He begins life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a __2__in the world, and he __3__ silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful __4__. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he will regard himself as a __5__，a worthless person, and will be full of envy of the most empty­headed chatterbox (话多的人). He knows that ninety­nine percent of human __6__ means no more than the buzz of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to __7__ that he is a man and not a waxwork (蜡像)．
The __8__ of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to __9__ the buzzing sound. There are, it must be __10__，different qualities of buzzes; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). __11__ at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzes，__12__，are pleasant to the ear, and some of them are pleasant even to the mind. He would be a(n) __13__ man if he waited until he had a wise __14__ to take part in the buzz with his neighbors.
Those who __15__ to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation __16__ learning anything new. Some of them。