陈洁必修2

Unit 1 Cultural relics
Important sentences
1. This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it .
2. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
3. Later, Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
4. This was a time when the two countries were at war.
5. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . Reading
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the
palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next
King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ, to
whom the amber room belonged, decided
not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter
the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.
Later, Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.
In September 1941, the Nazi army
was near St Petersburg. This was a time
when the two countries were at war.
Before the Nazis could get to the
summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes
were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.
Comprehending
1.The following five questions summarize the main ideas of the
five paragraphs in the passage. Put the paragraph numbers in the boxes. Then answer the questions.
□How did the Amber Room become one of the wonders of the world?
□How was a new Amber Room built?
□How did the Amber Room get lost?
□How was the Amber Room made?
□Why did the King of Prussia give the Amber Room to the Czar of Russia as a gift?
2.Join the correct parts of the sentences together.
1 FrederickⅠ A stole the Amber Room.
2 Frederick William I B sent a troop of his best soldiers to the
King of Prussia
3 Peter the Great C had the Amber Room made.
4 Catherine Ⅱ D had it moved outside St Petersburg.
5 The Nazi army E gave it to the Czar as a gift.
6.The Russians and Germans F built a new Amber Room after
studying pictures of the old one.
3.Fill in the blanks:
The Amber Room was a _______ that Frederick WilliamⅠ, the King of Prussia gave to Peter the Great. In _____, the Czar sent him a _____of his best soldiers. The Amber Room which took the country’s best ______ about ten years to make was a treasure _________ with gold and jewels. So it served as a small ________hall for important visitors. Later it was moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where Catherine Ⅱtold her artists to add more ___________ to it. It was completed in 1770 and was considered one of the __________ in the world. But after September 1941 when the two countries were at ______it was missing. Where the Amber Room is remains a _________.
4.Read the passage carefully and answer the following the
questions.
1). What was the Amber Room made of ?
2). Why was the Amber Room first built?
3). When and why did Frederick WilliamⅠgive the Amber Room to the
Peter the Great?
4). What did Peter the Great give Frederick WilliamⅠin return?
5). What did CatherineⅡdo with the Amber Room?
Learning about Language
Discovering useful words and expressions
1. Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings
from the text.
1. to choose carefully
2. not seen or found very often
3. welcome area in a hotel
4. to surprise somebody very much
5. no more than
6. made of wood
7. trying to find something; looking carefully for something
8. to manage to live or continue in difficulties
9. to take something away
10. person who creates things which can be considered works
of art
11. of an earlier period or time; happening before
12. in a situation in which two sides fight each other
2. Complete the following sentences with the words from the text.
1. F_______ meeting you here.
2. Nothing is more v__________ than time.
3. He is receiving an operation to r________ tumour.
4. He has designed a computer programme that s_________ texts for errors.
5. Their apartment is beautifully d________. Obviously it cost a lot of
money.
6. The fire was so strong that few buildings s__________ the big fire.
7. The old man has owned the beautiful vase for many years. It b_______ to him, of course.
8. I came across my f________ teacher in the street yesterday and we talked a lot about my classmates and teachers.
9. The engineer is d_________ a computer programme.
10. The writer has formed his own s________ of speech and writing.
3. Complete the passage with the words below.
Chen Lei studied art history and the early _________ of China in a university. He was able to recognize the _____ of different cultural relics from former times, especially the Tang and Song dynasties. One day he was looking in second-hand furniture shop when he saw an ________
object among the many different vases and ______. It was a mirror _________ in the Song Dynasty and __________ in the _______ style of that time. He recognized that it was ______ a cultural relic, but at a price he could afford, so he bought it at once. Later he gave it to his local museum. The people there were very happy and without ______ consider it one of the treasures of their collection. To them, it was ______ much more than Chen Lei paid.
4.Look at the dictionary entry for the phrasal verb belong to,
and match the meanings with the sentences in the right box.
5. Translate the following sentences into English, using the
sentence patterns given.
1. Frederick WilliamⅠ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history .
①我们不可能会想到这个男孩能设计出如此漂亮的房子。

_______________________________________________________ ②你不可能在昨天的晚会上看见他，他到英国去了。

_______________________________________________________ 2. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.
①迈克尔被认为是一位电脑专家。

_______________________________________________________ ②老师认为他很诚实。

_______________________________________________________
3. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
①后来凯瑟琳发生了什么依然不知道。

_______________________________________________________ ②玛丽再也没看到她的项链了。

她的项链怎么了依然是个迷。

_______________________________________________________ 4. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for
Konigsberg.
①毫无疑问，地球越来越暖。

_______________________________________________________ ②毫无疑问，我们能在三个月内成功地设计出图书馆。

_______________________________________________________ 5. However, the next king of Prussian, Frederick WilliamⅠ,to whom the
amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.
①老人最终离开了这座房子，他曾经是这座房子的主人。

_______________________________________________________ ②露丝把属于她的所有珠宝都卖掉了。

_______________________________________________________
6. This was a time when the two countries were at war.
①曾经有一段时期妇女不能上大学。

_______________________________________________________ ②那段时间人们认为番茄是有毒的。

_______________________________________________________ Discovering useful structures
1.Read the passage again and underline all the sentences with
attributive Clauses.
2.Look at sentences that you found and notice the use of
commas. What are the differences between them? Try to define non-restrictive clauses in your own words.
3.Exercises
1. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is
B. who am
C. that is
D. which am
2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
3. They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
4. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
5. ______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the meeting.
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
6. He talked a lot about things and persons ______they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
7. Tony will never forget the days ______ he lived in China with his mother, _______ has a great effect on his life.
A. that; which
B. when; which
C. which; that
D. when; that
8. I can tell you ___ he told me last week.
A. all which
B. all what
C. that all
D. all that
9. Is oxygen the only gas ___ helps fire burn
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. what
10. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time.
A. that
B./
C. which
D. it
11. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. that
B. who
C. a person who
D. what
12.The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. whose roof
B. which roof
C. its roof
D. the roof
13. This is the museum ___ you saw the other day.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
14. This is the museum ___we saw an exhibition the other day.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. in that
15. This museum is ___ you visited the other day.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. the one
Writing
你的英语笔友Tom想了解中国的文化古迹长城的情况，请你根据下列内容用英语写一篇长城的介绍。

1. 长城有两千多年的历史，是世界奇观之一。

2. 长城长4000多英里，蜿蜒中国北部的大部分地区，是世界上最长的城墙。

3. 中国的第一个皇帝（emperor）秦始皇下令把众多的城墙连起来保护自己的国家。

修建长城花费了数百万人许多年的时间。

4. 长城是中国的标志。

注意：1. 不要逐条翻译； 2. 120-150词左右。

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
Unit 2 The Olympic Games Important sentences
1.I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
2.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
3.That’s why they’re called the Winter Olympics.
4.It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
5.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! Reading
AN INTERVIEW
Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
P: My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. I’ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?
L: Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course
you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know? P: How often do you hold your Games?
L: Every four years. There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.
P: Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?
L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there
are competitions like skiing and ice skating
which need snow and ice. That’s why
they’re called the Winter Olympics. It’s in
the Summer Olympics that you have the
running races, together with swimming,
sailing and all the team sports.
P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.
There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and …
P: Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes housed?
L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.
P: That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?
L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity. It’s a great
responsibility but also a great honour to be
chosen. There’s as much competition among
countries to host the Olympics as to win
Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be
held in Beijing, China. Did you know that? P: Oh yes! You must be very proud.
L: Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and …
P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced! Oh
dear! Do you compete for prize money too?
L: No, we don’t. I t’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further. That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know -“Swifter, Higher and Stronger.”
P: Well, that’s good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.
Comprehending
1.According to the passage, choose the best answer.
1. Who was Pausanias?
A. He was a famous athlete 2,000 years ago.
B. He was a volunteer for the 2008 Olympics.
C. He was a famous writer 2000 years ago.
D. He was a Greek editor.
2. Why did Pausanias interview Li Yan?
A. To know something about the modern Olympics.
B. To know something about China.
C. To know something about the ancient Olympics.
D. To know something about Li Yan.
3. How often are the Winter Olympics held?
A. Every year
B. Every other year
A. Every three years D. Every four years
4. In Pausanias’ times, _______ couldn’t take part in the Olympics.
A. young men
B. old man
C. boys
D. slaves
5. Nowadays, where do all the competitors live during the Olympic Games?
A. A hotel
B. A special village
C. A restaurant
D. Nowhere
6. Why do so many countries want to host the Olympic Games?
A. To develop the economy
B. It is a great honor
C. To make the country famous
D. They want to make money
7. Which of the following is included in the Winter Olympic Games?
A skiing and ice skating
B running races
C horse riding
D swimming
8. Why does Pausanias think people may be competing for money in the modern Olympic Games?
A. The winner can get medals.
B. The winner can be awarded lots of money by their own countries.
C. The olive wreaths have been replaced by medals.
D. Medals are made of gold.
9. Where will the 2012 Olympics be held?
A. In Beijing
B. In London
C. In Athens
D. In Sydney
10.How does Pausanias feel when he hears the Olympic Games are also
about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further?
A. Surprised
B. Happy
C. Sad
D. Astonished
11. This interview is mainly about ____.
A. A magic journey by Pausanias.
B. The similarities and differences about the ancient and modern
Olympics.
C. The ancient Olympic Games in Greece.
2. After the interview, Pausanias is going to share what he has learnt with his friends in Greece. Help him finish the table in his letter about the difference and similarities of the ancient and modern Olympics.
Ancient Olympics
1. Both are held every _____________.
2. _________are allowed to take part in both in ancient and modern Olympics.
3. The athletes compete not for money but for _______.
4. The mottos are the same. They are: ________________________.
5. Some events are the same, such as running ______________________.
3. Summary of the interview.
The Olympic Games are the biggest sports meeting in the world, which include two kinds, the _________and the _______ Olympics. Both of them are ______ every ______ _____. All countries can take part if their athletes reached the ________ of the games. Women are not only ________ to join in but playing a very _________ role. A ______ ________ is built for the competitors to live in, a _________ for competitions, a large swimming pool, a __________ as well as seats for those who watch the games. It’s a great ________ to host the Olympic Games. The Olive wreath has been __________ by medals. But it’s still about being able to run ________, jump ________ and throw ________.
4. Translate the following sentences into English, using the sentences patterns.
1. I live in what you call “ancient Greece” and I used to write about the
Olympic Games a long time age.
①1492年，哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。

②似乎过了很长时间，他才苦笑着来了。

③他已经不是以前的那个样子了。

2. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
①是玛丽和杰克昨天帮助了那位老人。

②就是在这个房间我们召开了第一次会议。

3. There is as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
教学是一门科学，更是一门艺术。

Learning about Language
Discovering useful words and expressions
1.Find the word or expression for each of the following
meanings from the text.
1. to take part in a sports event
2. to allow to enter (a course or sports competition )
3. someone who takes part in a sports competition
4. level of ability
5. happening every time with the same amount of
time in between
6. to take the place of
7. short sentence or phrase expressing the beliefs of
a person or group
8. duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go
wrong
9. special hall for physical exercise
10. to join in
plete the sentences with proper words. The first letters
are given.
1.London is the h__________ country for the 2012 Olympic Games.
2.The Chinese table tennis team has not lost to any of its c__________
this year.
3.Applicants(报名者) will be called for an i________ at the proper time.
4.Most first-class footballers are natural a___________.
5.Many s__________ were built for the 2008 Olympic Games in
Beijing.
6.Every four years many athletes from all over the world are a________
as competitors.
7.The Greek cities used to c__________ against each other for the
honour of winning.
8.As a m__________ of fact, everyone wants to host the Olympic
Games. It’s a great honour.
9.I am wondering who will r_________ the manager when he retires(退
休).
10.She p_________ to help him and gave him three golden apples.
plete the sentences with proper prepositions or adverbs.
1.There are two sets ________ Games, and the Winter Olympics are
usually held two years ________ the Summer Olympics.
2.All countries can take part in it if their athletes reach the agreed
standard to be admitted ________ competitors.
3.A special village is built _______ the competitors to live _______.
4.Children are not allowed to make a noise and upset the competitors. If
they do, they will be taken _______ from the stadiums.
5.This is important because the _______ you speak English, the ______
your English will become.
plete the passage with the words below in their proper
forms.
Helena was a great ________ in the 5000-metre running race. She had won many prizes and wanted to ___________ in the Olympic Games. So she practised hard every day in order to be __________ as a competitor. It didn’t take her long to reach the _______ for entering the Olympic Games. This made Helena eager to win a gold medal for herself and her __________. Unfortunately during the final, she was in front in her race when another competitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell down. Poor Helena lost her chance of a medal but the other woman had to take ________________ for breaking the rules. The judges felt sorry for Helena and gave her a special prize of an instead. Discovering useful structures
1.Look at the following sentences, paying attention to the
underlined part.
EXAMPLE: Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
Can you find two more examples from Pre-reading and Reading? Please write them down.
plete the rules below, using the words in brackets in the
proper form.
3.Exercises
1. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose
B. will be lost
C. are lost
D. will lose
2. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ______.
A. is damaged
B. had damaged
C. will be damaged
D. was damaged
3. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A. has completed
B. completes
C. is completed
D. will be completed
4. — Your job ______ open for your return.
— Thanks.
A. will be kept
B. will keep
C. had kept
D. had been kept
5. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for
several days.
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed
6. An English play ______ in our school this weekend.
A. put on
B. was put on
C. will put on
D. will be put on
7. Can you tell me by whom this lecture ______ this afternoon?
A. is given
B. will be given
C. will give
D. be given
8. These dictionaries _____ the library again (by you).
A. will be taken out of
B. won’t be taken out of
C. will take out of
D. won’t take out of
9. In a room above the store, where a party _______ tomorrow, some workers are busily setting the table.
A. is to be held
B. has been held
C. is being held
D. was held
10. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if
people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade
B. will persuade
C. will be persuaded
D. are persuaded
Writing
你的班级就体育运动的好处与和坏处开展了一次讨论，请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文，发表你的看法。

提示：1. 体育运动的好处；2. 体育运动可能带来的副作用；
3. 参加体育运动的体会。

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
Unit 3 Computers
Important sentences
1.Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.
2.By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger.
3.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!
4. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.
5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. Reading
WHO AM I?
Over time I have been changed quite a
lot. I began as a calculating machine
in France in 1642. Although I was
young I could simplify difficult sums. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However, this reality also worried my designers. As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.
These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result I totally changed my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.
Since the 1970s many new applications
have been found for me. I have become very
important in communication, finance and
trade. I have also been put into robots and
used to make mobile phones as well as help
with medical operations. I have even been
put into space rockets and sent to explore
the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!
Comprehending
1.Read the passage and finish the exercises below.
1.Who is the speaker? ___________________________________.
2. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The future computers
B. The history of the development of computers
C. The application of computers
D. The founder of computers
3. Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1:_______________________________________________ Paragraph 2:_______________________________________________ Paragraph 3:_______________________________________________ 4. How old is the computer?
A. about 370 years old
B. about 270 years old
C. about 70 years old
D. about 470 years old
5. Which type / style does the text belong to?
A. description (描写)
B. narration (叙述)
C. exposition (说明)
D. argumentation (议论)
6.Why does the writer use the title WHO AM I? What kind of literary
devices (修辞)does the text use?
________________________________________________________ 7. In what order is this passage arranged(安排）?
_______________________________________________________ 8. Read the passage again and finish the timeline below.
1642:
1822: The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage.
:
1940s:
: The first family of computers was connected to each other. 1970s:
Now:
9. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
A. a formal request for sth.
B. the practical use of sth.
C. an act of spreading sth
D. an act of making a rule
2. Read the passage again and do the following exercises T or F.。