2022年考研考博-考博英语-江苏大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:42

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-江苏大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷(带答案)
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
In business to-business markets, sales of some software products languish because not enough independent software vendors write applications.
问题1选项
A.advertise
st
C.decline
D.dominate
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A. advertise(为……)做广告;登广告
B. last持续
C. decline减少;下降
D. dominate支配;控制
【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息because not enough independent software vendors write applications (由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序)可推知,sales of some software products languish 指的是软件产品的销量下降,languish在句中表示“下降”,C项词义与之相近,故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】在企业对企业的市场中,由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序,一些软件产品的销售受到影响。

2.
单选题
Simulations with large numbers of interacting agents show that they behave in ways that are often unpredictable; the properties of suc h systems are said to “emerge” from the behavior of the connected companies and individuals. 问题1选项
A.stimuli
B.duplications
C.systems
D.assumptions
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. stimuli刺激物
B. duplications复制;复印
C. systems系统
D. assumptions假定;假设
【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】simulation的意思是“模拟”,即模仿另外一个事物,B项词义与之相近,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】有大量交互主体的模拟表明,它们的行为方式通常是不可预测的;这些系统的特性被认为是由相互关联的公司和个人的行为“产生”的。

3.
单选题
There is much discussion today about the need for the government to ______ the theater.
问题1选项
A.substitute
B.subsidize
C.subscribe
D.subordinate
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. substitute代替;取代
B. subsidize资助;补助
C. subscribe申请;预订
D. subordinate使从属于
【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater,结合四个选项可知,政府对于剧院应该是资助,故该
题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。

4.
单选题
America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ______ before the West was settled.
问题1选项
A.could
B.did
C.would
D.was
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. could能够
B. did助动词do的过去式
C. would将要
D. was是
【考查点】省略。

【解题思路】根据as…as可知,此处是比较级,比较的成分应该是相同的,所以第二个as后面的成分应该是as it had the spirit of adventure,但前面已经出现the spirit of adventure,所以后面用助动词did替代,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合语法结构。

【句意】作为一个国家,美国将不再具有开拓西部之前的那种冒险精神。

5.
单选题
Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a ______ event.
问题1选项A.dramatic
B.proverbial
C.catastrophic
D.chronic
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A. dramatic突然的;引人注目的
B. proverbial谚语的;谚语表达的
C. catastrophic大灾难的
D. chronic慢性的;难以治愈(或根除)的
【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词earthquake可知,a ______ event指的是“灾难性事件”,故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难性事件。

6.
翻译题
中国将深化改革,促进应用型科研机构转制为企业,鼓励技术型企业的发展。

这是一项使科技与经济相结合的重要举措。

科研机构转制为企业后,将建立现代企业制度,适应市场需要,从而充分发展其研究、开发和创新的优势。

【答案】China will deepen its reform to promote the transformation of applied scientific research institution system into enterprises and encourage the development of technology-based enterprises. It is an important measure to integrate science and technology with economy. Once transformed into enterprises, scientific research institutions shall establish a modern enterprise system, and orient themselves to the needs of the market, giving full play to their strength in research, development and innovation.
7.
翻译题
Markets in stocks and commodities form a vital part of the American economic system. Millions
of individuals buy and sell small lots of stocks and commodities while mutual funds and trusts trade in large lots. In good times, when it appears that prices will rise, money from savings or from other types of investment comes into market. When this happens, prices are driven higher. Often a period of speculation follows in which the “bull”, those who make money on a rising market, are in the ascendancy. When the market can no longer sustain the speculative fever, a reaction sets in, selling develops, and prices begin to fall. At this point the “bears”, or those who make money in a falling market, are fortunate. Americans buy almost everything on credit, and stocks are no exception. Usually an investor can make a stock purchase by paying 50 percent down and getting a loan on the remainder. This is called “margin” of 50 percent. The balance is borrowed from the brokerage as security.
【答案】股票和期货市场构成了美国经济系统中的一个重要环节。

数以百万计的个人买卖少量的股票和期货,而进行大量共同基金和信托的交易。

在景气时期,当价格上涨时,储蓄资金或其他类型的投资资金就会进入市场。

当这种情况发生时,价格就会被推高。

通常接下来会有一段时间的投机买卖,在这段时间里,趁市场行情上涨而赚钱的“多头”占了上风。

当市场不再持续投机热,就会出现抛售反应,价格开始下跌。

在这一点上,“看跌者”或那些在市场行情下跌中赚钱的人是幸运的。

美国人几乎什么都是赊购,股票也不例外。

通常情况下,投资者可以先付50%的首付,剩下的部分再贷款购买股票。

这叫做用50%的“定金”来购买股票。

投资人向经纪行借差额,把股票存放在经纪行里作抵押。

8.
单选题
At the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom and his bride exchanged rings as a______ of their love.
问题1选项
A.present
B.token
C.mark
D.sign
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. present礼物;礼品
B. token象征;标志
C. mark污点;污渍
D. sign迹象;征兆
【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据the bridegroom and his bride exchanged rings(新郎和新娘交换了戒指)可推知,交换戒指是爱情的象征,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在婚礼上,新郎和新娘交换了戒指作为他们爱情的象征。

9.
单选题
Since Mr. White died a year ago, there has been discord in the family about the division of the estate.
问题1选项
A.distinctions
B.disagreements
C.disadvantages
D.discussions
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A. distinctions区别
B. disagreements分歧;争论
C. disadvantages缺点
D. discussions讨论
【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知,discord是一个名词,dis-前缀表示否定的,那么discord可能是一个贬义词,由关键信息the division of the estate(遗产分配问题)综合理解可推断,discord是指遗产分配上的分歧或不和,B项词义与之相近,故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】自从怀特先生一年前去世以来,家里在遗产分配问题上一直不和。

10.
不定项选择题
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds.
Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and chat it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.
Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.
1. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ______.
2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy?
3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ______.
4. Which of the following statements does the writer support?
5. The function of the last sentence is to ______.
问题1选项
A.indifferent
B.favorable
C.tolerant
D.negative
问题2选项A.Primitive.
B.Exhaustible.
C.Cheap.
D.Unsafe.
问题3选项
A.it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B.it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C.it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D.nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff
问题4选项
A.The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.
B.Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.
C.Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.
D.Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs.
问题5选项
A.advance the final argument
B.reflect the writer’s attitude
C.reverse previously expressed thoughts
D.show the disadvantages of nuclear power
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.【选项释义】
1. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ______. 1. 作者对核能的态度是______。

A. indifferent A. 漠不关心的
B. favorable B. 支持的
C. tolerant C. 宽容的
D. negative D. 否定的
【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第二段首句“此外,核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”,和最后一句“权衡双方的论点后,似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”可知,作者主张利用其他能源,而不是核能,从中可以看出作者对核能持否定的态度,该题选择D项“否定的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“漠不关心的”、B项“支持的”和C项“宽容的”根据解题思路可知,这三项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】
2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy? 2. 根据核能的反对者,关于核能,下列哪项是正确的?
A. Primitive. A. 原始的
B. Exhaustible. B. 会枯竭的
C. Cheap. C. 便宜的
D. Unsafe. D. 不安全的
【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“然而,核能的反对者指出,核电站不仅给环境带来直接威胁,也给公民自由带来直接威胁”可知,核能反对者认为核电站不仅对环境,而且对公民自由都是一种直接的威胁,即核能不安全,故该题选择D项“不安全的”。

【干扰项排除】A项“原始的”、B项“会枯竭的”和C项“便宜的”不是反对者的观点,这三项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】
3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ______. 3. 一些人认为核能是必不可少的,因为______。

A. it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment A. 它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案
B. it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution B. 它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步
C. it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society C. 它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求
D. nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff D. 核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护
【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第一段第五句“许多人认为核能提供了一种取之不尽的、经济的能源,因此它对一个工业发展的社会是必不可少的”可知,核能是社会工业发展所必需的,可以提供取之不尽且经济的能源,C 项“它能满足工业发展中社会日益增长的需求”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
A项“它为大规模失业提供了一个完美的解决方案”,解决大规模失业问题的一个途径是提高工业生产,而不是核能,该项属于曲解原文;
B项“它代表着我们科学发展的巨大进步”和D项“核电站可以由相对较少的技术和管理人员来运行和维护”是支持使用核能者认为的核能的优点,与题干不构成因果关系,这两项属于张冠李戴。

4.【选项释义】
4. Which of the following statements does the writer support? 4. 作者支持以下哪一种说法?
A. The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. A. 对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长。

B. Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. B. 我们离不开核能。

C. Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons. C. 从经济和生态的角度来看,铀是一种很好的能源。

D. Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programs. D. 更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目。

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】第二段倒数第二、三句提到“这种扩张是以工业生产和消费者需求的持续增长为前提的。

然而,这种增长能否持续还是个疑问。

”从中可知,工业生产和消费者需求的增长是否能够持续,还令人怀疑,所以A项“对商业产品的需求不一定会持续增长”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
B项“我们离不开核能”是支持使用核能者的观点,不是作者的观点,该项属于张冠李戴;
C项“从经济和生态的角度来看,铀是一种很好的能源”和D项“更好的安全条款可以带来更多的核能项目”,根据第二段第三句“铀的成本可能会增加,再加上加强安全措施的成本,这可能会以高昂的价格将核电挤出市场”可知,这两项与原文相反,属于反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】
5. The function of the last sentence is to ______. 5. 最后一句的作用是______。

A. advance the final argument A. 提出最后的论点
B. reflect the writer’s attitude B. 反映作者的态度
C. reverse previously expressed thoughts C. 颠倒之前表达的想法
D. show the disadvantages of nuclear power D. 展示核能的缺点
【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一句“权衡双方的论点后,似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”,可知文章最后一句表明了作者的观点,即作者认为从经济和生态环境方面来考虑,可以利用其他形式的能源,而非核能,B项“反映作者的态度”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】
A项“提出最后的论点”和D项“展示核能的缺点”都不是最后一句话的作用,这两项属于曲解原文;
C项“颠倒之前表达的想法”,第二段第一句就指出“核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”,可知作者并没有颠倒之前的看法,该项属于反向干扰。

11.
单选题
What we call nature is, ______, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and
natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places.
问题1选项
A.in common sense
B.from a sense
C.by the sense
D.in a sense
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A. in common sense普通常识
B. from a sense从一种感觉
C. by the sense凭感觉
D. in a sense在某种意义上
【考查点】插入语。

【解题思路】分析句子可知,句子结构意义完整,而空格处位于系动词和表语之间,且用逗号隔开,可推知空格处填入一个插入语,按照句意“我们所称的自然,______,就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和”可知,空格处填入D项符合句意,故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。

【句意】从某种意义上说,我们所称的自然,就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影响的过程中所发生的变化的总和。

12.
单选题
Russia’s government has, in effect, defaulted on its debt; its econom ic predicament worsens by the day.
问题1选项
A.danger
B.depression
C.slump
D.crisis 【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A. danger危险;风险
B. depression抑郁;不景气
C. slump(销售量、价格、价值等的)骤降;萧条期
D. crisis危机;危难时刻
【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前半句句意“俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务”,结合关键词worsen可推知,economic predicament是指经济危机,predicament在句中指“危机,困境”的意思,D项词义与之相近,故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】事实上,俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务;它的经济困境日益恶化。

13.
单选题
You may feel exhausted under stressful brainwork, heavy physical labor or panic and disconsolate moods.
问题1选项
A.pitiful
B.cordial
C.dismal
D.rough
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A. pitiful令人同情的;可怜的
B. cordial热情友好的;和蔼可亲的
C. dismal忧郁的;凄凉的
D. rough粗糙的;不平滑的
【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据所修饰的名词mood可知,disconsolate是和情绪相关的形容词,根据前文的feel exhausted(感到筋疲力尽)可推断,disconsolate的词义和负面情绪相关,只有C项词义与人本身的负面情绪相关,故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】在紧张的脑力劳动、繁重的体力劳动或恐慌、忧郁的情绪下,你可能会感到精疲力竭。

14.
单选题
Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to ______ that he was the true owner of the house.
问题1选项
A.verify
B.entrust
C.acknowledge
D.grant
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A. verify核实;证实
B. entrust委托;交托
C. acknowledge承认
D. grant同意,准予
【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“在银行愿意借钱给他之前,必须______他是这幢房子的主人”可知,空格处表示“证实,证明”符合句意,故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】银行先得核实他确实是这幢房子的主人,然后才肯借钱给他。

15.
单选题
Radar is used to extend the ______ of man’s senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.
问题1选项
A.validity
B.liability
C.capability
D.intensity
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A. validity(法律上的)有效;合法性
B. liability(法律上对某事物的)责任,义务
C. capability能力;才能
D. intensity强烈;紧张
【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息man’s senses for observing his environment(一个人观察环境的感官)可知,空格处指的是“感官能力”,故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】雷达被用来扩展人观察环境的感官能力,特别是视觉。

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