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10.1007_s00253-010-2443-4

10.1007_s00253-010-2443-4

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESS ENGINEERINGEffects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on cell growth and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell culturesJiang-Lin Zhao &Li-Gang Zhou &Jian-Yong WuReceived:7September 2009/Revised:6January 2010/Accepted:6January 2010/Published online:2March 2010#Springer-Verlag 2010Abstract This study examined the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on the production of diterpenoid tanshi-nones in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell culture.Four classes of elicitors were tested,heavy metal ions (Co 2+,Ag +,Cd 2+),polysaccharides (yeast extract and chitosan),plant response-signaling compounds (salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate),and hyperosmotic stress (with sorbitol).Of these,Ag (silver nitrate),Cd (cadmium chloride),and polysaccharide from yeast extract (YE)were most effective to stimulate the tanshinone production,increasing the total tanshinone content of cell by more than ten-fold (2.3mg g -1versus 0.2mg g -1in control).The stimulating effect was concentration-dependent,most significant at 25μM of Ag and Cd and 100mg l -1(carbohydrate content)of YE.Of the three tanshinones detected,cryptotanshinone was stimulat-ed most dramatically by about 30-fold and tanshinones I and IIA by no more than 5-fold.Meanwhile,most of the elicitors suppressed cell growth,decreasing the biomass yield by about 50%(5.1–5.5g l -1versus 8.9g l -1in control).The elicitors also stimulated the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity of cells and transient increases in the medium pH and conductivity.The results suggest that the elicitor-stimulated tanshinone accumulation was a stress response of the cells.Keywords Salvia miltiorrhiza .Cell culture .Tanshinones .Elicitors .Stress responseIntroductionSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae),called Danshen in Chinese,is a well-known and important medicinal plant because its root is an effective herb for treatment of menstrual disorders and cardiovascular diseases and for the prevention of inflammation (Tang and Eisenbrand 1992).As its Chinese name refers,Danshen root is characterized by the abundance of red pigments which are mainly ascribed to numerous diterpene quinones generally known as tanshinones,e.g.,tanshinone I (T-I),tanshinone-IIA (T-IIA),and T-IIB,isotanshinone I and II,and cryptotanshinone (CT).Tanshinones constitute a major class of bioactive compounds in S .miltiorrhiza roots with proven therapeutic effects and pharmacological activities (Wang et al.2007).Danshen in combination with a few other Chinese herbs is an effective medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and used as an emergency remedy for coronary artery disease and acute ischemic stroke.According to WHO statistics,cardiovas-cular diseases are and will continue to be the number one cause of death in the world (www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases ).It is of significance to develop more efficient means for the production of Danshen and its active constituents.Although field cultivation is currently the major produc-tion means for Danshen and most other plant herbs,plant tissue cultures provide more well-controlled and sustainable systems for efficient production of desired bioactive compounds of the herb.Plant tissue cultures are the most useful and convenient experimental systems for examiningJ.-L.Zhao :L.-G.Zhou (*)Department of Plant Pathology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China email:lgzhou@J.-Y .Wu (*)Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hung Hom,Kowloon,Hong Kong email:bcjywu@.hkAppl Microbiol Biotechnol (2010)87:137–144DOI 10.1007/s00253-010-2443-4various factors on the biosynthesis of desired products and for exploring effective measures to enhance their produc-tion.The importance of Danshen for traditional and modern medicines has promoted the long-lasting research interest in the development of tiorrhiza tissue cultures for production of bioactive compounds for more than two decades.In an early study,Nakanishi et al.(1983)induced several cell lines from plant seedlings and screened out a cell line capable of producing significant amounts of CT and another diterpene,ferruginol.In later studies,the group performed a fuller evaluation and optimization of the medium for cell growth and CT production and,eventually,derived an effective production medium with a simpler composition(ten components)than the original Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium(about20components),achieving a high CT yield of 110mg l-1(Miyasaka et al.1987).Many recent studies have been focused on hairy root cultures of tiorrhiza transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes(Hu and Alfermann1993;Chen et al.2001)and by our group (Zhang et al.2004;Ge and Wu2005;Shi et al.2007).Most of the bioactive compounds in medicinal plants belong to secondary metabolites which are usually less abundant than primary metabolites in the plants.Since the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants is a common response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, their accumulation can be stimulated by biotic and abiotic elicitors.Therefore,elicitation,treatment of plant tissue cultures with elicitors,is one of the most effective strategies for improving secondary metabolite production in plant tissue cultures(Chong et al.2005;Smetanska2008).The most common and effective elicitors used in previous studies include the components of microbial cells especially poly-and oligosaccharides(biotic)and heavy metal ions, hyperosmotic stress,and UV radiation(abiotic),and the signaling compounds in plant defense responses such as salicylic acid(SA)and methyl jasmonate(MJ;Zhou and Wu2006;Smetanska2008).Some of these elicitors,yeast extract(mainly the polysaccharide fraction),silver ion Ag+, and hyperosmotic stress(by an osmoticum)have also been applied and shown effective to enhance the production of tanshinones in tiorrhiza hairy root cultures(Chen et al.2001;Zhang et al.2004;Shi et al.2007).To the best of our knowledge,only a few studies have been documented on the effects of elicitors,YE,SA,and MJ,on the secondary metabolite production in Agro-bacterium tumefaciens transformed tiorrhiza cell cultures from one research group(Chen and Chen1999, 2000)but not any study in normal cell cultures.The present study focuses on the effects of common biotic and abiotic elicitors including polysaccharides,heavy metal ions, SA and MJ,and osmotic stress(with sorbitol)on the growth and accumulation of three major tanshinones T-I, T-IIA,and CT in suspension culture of normal tior-rhiza cells.In addition to the effects of various elicitors on the total tanshinone content of cells,the study will examine the effects on different tanshinone species and the potential relationship to plant stress response.Material and methodsCallus induction and cell suspension cultureYoung stem explants of tiorrhiza Bunge were collected from the botanical garden at the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Med-ical Sciences,Beijing,China,in May2005.The fresh explants were washed with tap water,surface-sterilized with 75%ethanol for1min,and then soaked in0.1%mercuric chloride for10min and rinsed thoroughly with sterilized water.The clean and sterilized explants were cut into∼0.5-cm segments and placed on solid MS medium(Murashige and Skoog1962)supplemented with sucrose(30g l-1),2,4-D(2mg l-1)and6-BA(2mg l-1)to induce callus formation. The callus culture of tiorrhiza was maintained on a solid,hormone-free MS medium with8g l-1agar and 30g l-1sucrose at25°C in the dark and subcultured every 4weeks.The culture was deposited in Lab Y1210at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University with a collection number of Danshen cell-1.All experiments in this study were performed in suspension culture of tiorrhiza cells in a liquid medium of the same composition as for the solid culture but excluding agar.The cell suspension culture was maintained in shake-flasks,i.e.,125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks on an orbital shaker operated at110–120rpm,at 25°C in the dark.Each of the flasks was filled with25ml medium and inoculated with0.3g fresh cells from18–21-day-old shake–flask culture.Elicitor preparation and administrationEight elicitors were tested,each at three concentrations,in the initial elicitation experiments(Table1).These are representative of the four major classes of elicitors for the induction of plant responses and the stimulation of secondary metabolite production in plant tissue cultures (Zhou and Wu2006;Smetanska2008).All elicitors except MJ were prepared as a concentrated stock solution in water and autoclaved at121°C for15min,and stored at4°C in a refrigerator prior to use.Yeast elicitor(YE)was the polysaccharide fraction of yeast extract(Y4250,Sigma, St.Louis,MO,USA)prepared by ethanol precipitation as described previously(Hahn and Albersheim1978;Ge and Wu2005).In brief,yeast extract was dissolved in distilled water(20g/100ml)and then mixed with400ml of ethanol and allowed to precipitate for4days at4°C in arefrigerator.The precipitate was redissolved in100ml of distilled water and subjected to another round of ethanol precipitation.The final gummy precipitate was dissolved in 50ml of distilled water and stored at4°C before use.The concentration of YE was represented by total carbohydrate content which was determined by the Anthrone test using sucrose as a reference.Chitosan solution was prepared by dissolving0.5g crab shell chitosan(C3646,Sigma)in1ml glacial acetic acid at55–60°C for15min,and then the final volume was adjusted to50ml with distilled water and the pH adjusted to5.8with NaOH(Prakash and Srivastava 2008).MJ(Cat.39,270-7,Sigma-Aldrich)was dissolved in 95%ethanol and sterilized by filtering through a microfilter (0.2µm).SA(10,591-0,Sigma-Aldrich),sorbitol(S3755, Sigma),and the salts of heavy metals including cobalt chloride(C8661,Sigma-Aldrich),silver nitrate(S7276, Sigma-Aldrich),and cadmium chloride(C5081,Sigma-Aldrich)were dissolved in distilled water to the desired concentrations and adjusted to pH5.8.Elicitor treatment was administered to the shake–flask culture of tiorrhiza cell on day18,which was about 2–3days before reaching the stationary phase.This time point is usually favorable for elicitation when the biomass concentration is high(compared with earlier days of growth),and the cell metabolism is still active(compared with that during or after stationary phase;Buitelaar et al. 1992;Cheng et al.2006).Each of the elicitor solutions was added into the culture medium with a micropipette at the desired concentration.After the elicitor addition,the shake–flask culture of cells was maintained for another7days and then harvested for analysis.All treatments were performed in triplicate,and the results were averaged.After the initial experiments on the eight elicitors,the three most effective ones,Ag(25µM),Cd(25µM),and YE(100mg l-1)were applied in the following experiments on the time courses of elicitor-treated cell growth and tanshinone accumulation in the tiorrhiza cell culture.Measurement of cell weight,sucrose concentration, medium pH,and conductivityThe cells were separated from the liquid medium by filtration.The cell mass on the filter paper was rinsed thoroughly with water and filtered again,and blotted dry by paper towels and then dried at50°C in an oven to attain the dry weight.Sucrose concentration in the liquid medium was determined by the Anthrone test using sucrose as a reference(Ebell1969),and the medium pH and conduc-tivity were measured with the respective electrodes on an Orion720A+pH meter(Thermo Fisher Scientific,Inc., Beverly,MA,USA)and a CD-4303conductivity meter (Lutron,Taiwan),respectively.Measurement of PAL activityPhenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)was extracted from fresh tiorrhiza cells with borate buffer(pH8.8).The cells were ground in the buffer(0.15g ml-1)for2min with a pestle and mortar on ice,and then centrifuged at10,000rpm and4°C for20min to obtain a solid-free extract.The PAL activity was determined based on the conversion of L-phenylalanine to cinnamic acid as described by Wu and Lin(2002).Analysis of tanshinone contentsThe cell mass from culture was dried and ground into powder and extracted with methanol/dichloromethane(4:1, v/v,10mg ml-1)under sonication for60min.After removal of the solid,the liquid extract was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in methanol/dichloromethane(9:1,v/v). Tanshinone content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)on a HP1100system using C18column,acetonitrile/water(55:45,v/v)as the mobile phase,and UV detection at275nm as described previously (Shi et al.2007).Three tanshinone species CT,T-I,and T-IIA were detected and quantified with authentic standards obtained from the Institute for Identification of Pharmaceu-tical and Biological Products(Beijing,China).Total tanshinone content is the total content of the three tanshinones in the cells.Tanshinone content in the culture medium was negligible and not determined.ResultsCell growth and tanshinone accumulation in tiorrhiza cell cultureThe time course of tiorrhiza cell growth exhibited a lag phase or slow growth period in the first3–6days, a rapid,linear growth period between day9–18,and aTable1Elicitors and concentrations tested in the initial experiments Elicitors Unit ConcentrationC1C2C3Cobalt chloride(Co)µM 5.02550 Silver nitrate(Ag)µM 5.02550 Cadmium chloride(Cd)µM 5.02550 Salicylic acid(SA)µM1050100 Methyl jasmonate(MJ)µM1050100 Yeast elicitor(YE)mg l-150100200 Chitosan(CH)mg l-150100200 Sorbitol(SO)g l-152550stationary or declining phase in the later days,reaching the maximum biomass concentration (8.1g l -1)around day 21.The total tanshinone content of cells remained at a very low level from days 1–12and then increased steadily from days 12–27to a maximum of 0.16mg g -1.A significant portion (65%)of the tanshinone accumulation or content increase occurred during the stationary phase from days 21–27(Fig.1a ),which is characteristic of secondary metabolite production in a batch culture process.The time course of sugar (sucrose)concentration (Fig.1b )was nearly sym-metrical to that of cell growth,indicating a direct correlation of the cell growth (or biomass production)to sugar consumption.As the major carbon source,sugar was required for the S .miltiorrhiza cell growth,and when it was depleted (around day 21),the cell growth stopped,and the biomass concentration began to drop.As seen from Fig.1b ,the medium pH showed a notable drop in the first 3days (due to consumption of NH 4+and release of protons)and a gradual increase after day 6(due to consumption of nitrate NO 3-)(Morard et al.1998).Effects of various elicitors on cell growth and tanshinone productionFigure 2shows the effects of elicitor treatments on the cell growth and tanshinone accumulation in S .miltiorrhiza cell cultures,which were dependent both on the elicitor species and elicitor dose.As seen from Fig.2a ,most of the elicitor treatments except Co 2+and sorbitol at lower concentrations suppressed the cell growth to a lower biomass concentra-tion than that of the untreated control culture,and the growth suppression was more severe at a high elicitor dose.On the other hand,most of the elicitor treatments except Co 2+,sorbitol,SA,and MJ at lower concentrations increased the total tanshinone content of cell to a higher level than in the control (Fig.2b ).Overall the results indicated that the enhancement of tanshinone accumulation by an elicitor treatment concurred with a notable suppres-sion of cell growth or biomass production.Nevertheless,some of the elicitors had a much stronger stimulating effect on the tanshinone accumulation than the suppressing effect on the cell growth.In particular,Ag and Cd both at 25μM,and YE at 100mg l -1increased the total tanshinone content to 2.30mg g -1,about 11.5-fold versus that of the control (0.20mg g -1),but decreased the biomass production by no more than 50%(5.1–5.5g l -1versus 8.9g l -1).Another three elicitors,SA,MJ (both at 50μM),and sorbitol (50g l -1)increased the total tanshinone content by 2–3-fold but decreased the biomass by 30–45%compared with the control.The stimulating effect of chitosan on tanshinone accumulation (about 6-fold)was stronger than SA,MJ,and sorbitol but much weaker than Ag,Cd,and YE,while its suppressing effect on the cell growth was as severe as Ag,Cd,and YE.In summary,the results indicate that Ag,Cd,YE are the most favorable elicitors for the tanshinone production in S .miltiorrhiza cell culture and were used in the following experiments.Figure 3shows the time courses of cell growth and tanshinone production after treatment with the three most effective elicitors Ag (25μM),Cd (25μM),and YE (100mg l -1)and the control culture.All three elicitor treatments caused a steady decline of biomass concentration from initially 8.5g l -1to 5.3g l -1on day 6while biomass in00.040.080.120.160.20246810TT content (mg g -1)C e l l b i o m a s s (g d w l -1)dw TTa4.85.1 5.45.76.001020304036912151821242730p HS u c r o s e (g l -1)Culture time (d)bSucrosepHFig.1Time courses of biomass and total tanshinone content (a ),residue sugar (sucrose)and medium pH (b )in S .miltiorrhiza cell cultures (error bars for standard deviations,n =3)246810C e l l b i o m a s s (g l -1)0.00.51.01.52.02.5Control AgCdSAMJYECH SOT T c o n t e n t (m g g -1)Elicitor treatmentCo Fig.2Effects of various elicitors on biomass growth (a )andtanshinone production (b )in S .miltiorrhiza cell cultures (elicitors added to cultures on day 18at three concentrations C1,C2,and C3as shown in Table 1,and cultures harvested on day 25;error bars for standard deviations,n =3)the control culture was increased during this period (Fig.3a ).In the meantime,the tanshinone content of cells in the three elicitor-treated cultures increased sharply and most rapidly by Ag (from 0.14to 1.98mg g -1),while that of control increased slightly (from 0.14to 0.21mg g -1;Fig.3b ).The volumetric total tanshinone yields (the products of total tanshinone content and cell dry weight)were 1.9mg l -1in the control,and 9.2mg l -1,10.7mg l -1and 11.7mg l -1in cultures treated with 100mg l -1YE,25μM Cd,and Ag,respectively (on day 6).Another test was performed on the effects of two and three elicitors in combinations in the S .miltiorrhiza cell culture.As shown in Fig.4,the tanshinone content was increased about 20%with either two elicitors and about 40%with all three elicitors in combination compared with that with a single elicitor.The results suggest an additive or synergistic effect of these elicitors on the tanshinone accumulation in the cells.However,the combined use of two or three elicitors also suppressed the cell growth (biomass)more severely than with a single elicitor.Effects of elicitor treatments on different tanshinone species Of the three tanshinone species detected,CT was stimulated most significantly by all elicitors without exception;T-IIA was stimulated by most elicitors,and T-I was stimulated significantly only by chitosan but slightly stimulated or suppressed by other elicitors (Table 2).The highest CT content was about 2mg g -1(1,854–2,011μg g -1)in cellcultures treated with 25μM Ag and Cd,and 100mg l -1YE,about 31–34fold of the control level (60μg g -1),the highest T-I content 0.27mg g -1with 100mg l -1chitosan (3.4-fold of the control 80μg g -1)and the highest T-IIA content 0.37mg g -1with 25μM Cd (6-fold of the control 60μg g -1).As seen from the HPLC chromatograms (Fig.5),the cultures treated with the three different elicitors exhibited a similar profile with virtually identical major peaks.The experimental results do not suggest any specificity of particular tanshinone species to the type of elicitors,YE and chitosan as biotic polysaccharides,Cd and Ag as abiotic heavy metals,or SA and MJ as plant stress signaling pared with that of control,the HPLC profiles of elicitor-treated cultures also had three new unknown peaks appearing before the CT peak,between 10.0–11.5min and a high peak at 11.1min,which0.00.51.01.52.02.5123456T T c o n t e n t (m g g -1)Time after treatment (d)b4681012C e l l b i o m a s s (g l -1)Control Ag 25Cd 25YE 100aFig.3Time courses of biomass (a )and total tanshinone content (b )in S .miltiorrhiza cell cultures after treatment with Ag (25µM),Cd (25µM),and YE (100mg l -1;error bars for standard deviations,n =3)24681012345Cell dry weight (g l -1)T T c o n t e n t (m g g -1)Elicitor treatmentTTdwFig.4Effects of single and combined elicitors on S .miltiorrhiza cell growth and tanshinone accumulation (elicitors added to cell cultures on day 18at the same concentrations as in Fig.3,and cultures harvested on day 25;error bars for standard deviations,n =3)Table 2Effects of various elicitors on the accumulation of three tanshinones in S .miltiorrhiza cells Treatment aContent,μg/g (fold of content control)CTT-IT-IIA Control 59.9(1)81.6(1)57.6(1)Co-50263.7(4.4)67.5(0.83)55.5(0.96)Ag-251,817.5(30)71.0(0.87)225.8(3.9)Cd-251,854.0(31)80.3(0.98)369.0(6.4)SA-100390.0(6.5)78.5(0.96)72.8(1.3)MJ-100299.8(5.0)109.5(1.3)82.6(1.4)YE-1002,011.4(34)90.3(1.1)190.3(3.3)CH-100597.2(10)276.0(3.4)98.8(1.7)SO-50584.6(9.8)56.9(0.70)83.0(1.4)CT cryptotanshinone,T-I tanshinone I,T-IIA tanshinone-IIAaNumber after each elicitor symbol represents the elicitor concentra-tion as shown in Table 1may be ascribed to tanshinone relatives of higher polarity than CT induced by the elicitors.PAL activity,pH,and conductivity changes induced by elicitorsFigure 6shows the changes of intracellular PAL activity and medium pH and conductivity in the S .miltiorrhiza cell culture after the treatment by Ag (25μM),Cd (25μM),and YE (100mg l -1).The PAL activity of cells was stimulated by all three elicitors to the similar level,from 1.4-to 1.9-fold of the control level over 6days (Fig.6a ).PAL is a key enzyme at the entrance step in the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants,and its activity increase stimulated by the elicitors is suggestive of an enhanced secondary metabolism in the plant cells (Taiz and Zeiger 2006).The pH and conductivity of culture medium were also increased (to higher levels than those of the control)by all three elicitors but more significantly by YE (Fig.6b,c ).Most significant increases (differences from the control level)in the medium pH and conductivity were shown in the very early period from day 0–1.The increase in medium conductivity in the early period was most probably attributed to the release of potassium K +ion from the cells or K +efflux across the cell membrane (Zhang et al.2004).Transient medium pH increase (alkalinization)and K +efflux across the cell membrane are early and important events in the elicitation of plant responses and phytoalexin production (Ebel and Mithöer 1994;Roos et al.1998).The conductivity decline in the later period after day 1of Ag +and Cd 2+-treated cultures and the control cultures can be attributed to the consumption of inorganic and mineral nutrients in the culture medium (Kinooka et al.1991).Overall,the results here provide further evidence forthe01234R e l a t i v e P A L a c t i v i t yControl Ag CdYEa5.05.45.86.26.6M e d i u m p H b2.03.04.05.06.00246M e d i u m c o n d u c t i v i t y (m S )Time after treatment (d)cFig.6Time courses of PAL activity (a ),medium pH (b ),and conductivity (c )of S .miltiorrhiza cell cultures after elicitor treatments in comparison with the control (error bars for standard deviation,n =3)elicitor activities of Ag,Cd,and YE in stimulating the stress responses and secondary metabolism of the S. miltiorrhiza cells.DiscussionThe effects of various elicitors on tanshinone accumulation found here in the normal tiorrhiza cell cultures are in general agreement with those found in transformed cell and hairy root cultures of tiorrhiza.In transformed cell cultures(Chen and Chen1999),the CT accumulation was also stimulated significantly by YE but not by SA or MJ alone,and YE also inhibited the cell growth.The tanshinone(mainly CT)production in hairy root cultures was also enhanced significantly(3–4fold)by Ag(Zhang et al.2004)and YE(Shi et al.2007).In all these culture systems,CT was the major tanshinone species stimulated by various elicitor treatments.CT has been identified as a phytoalexin in tiorrhiza plant which plays a defense role against pathogen invasion of the plant(Chen and Chen 2000).In this connection,the stimulated CT accumulation by the elicitors may be a defense or stress response of the cells.CT was also the major diterpenoid produced by a normal tiorrhiza cell line which was initially grown in the MS medium and then transferred to a production medium containing only about half of the nutrient compo-nents of the MS medium(Miyasaka et al.1987).It is very possible that the improvement of CT yield in this production medium was also attributed,at least partially, to the stress imposed by the nutrient deficiency which suppressed growth but stimulated secondary metabolite accumulation.MJ or its relative jasmonic acid has been shown effective for stimulating a variety of secondary metab-olites in plant tissue cultures such as hypericin in Hypericum perforatum L.(St.John’s Wort)cell cultures (Walker et al.2002),paclitaxol(diterpenoid)and related taxanes in various Taxus spp.and ginsenosides in Panax spp.(Zhong and Yue2005),and bilobalide and ginkgo-lides in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures(Kang et al.2006). However,MJ showed only a moderate or insignificant stimulating effect on tanshinone accumulation in normal and transformed tiorrhiza cell cultures.The discrep-ancy suggests that the effects of various elicitors on secondary metabolite production in plant tissue cultures are dependent on the specific secondary metabolites.This argument is also supported by the much stronger stimu-lation of CT than T-I and T-IIA by most elicitors found in our tiorrhiza cell cultures.In addition,the hairy roots appeared more tolerant to the elicitor stress,and the growth was less inhibited by the elicitors or even enhanced in some cases,e.g.,by YE(Chen et al.2001)and sorbitol(Shi et al.2007).Moreover,sorbitol as an osmotic agent significantly stimulated the tanshinone accumulation(3–4folds)in tiorrhiza hairy root cultures,but not so significantly in the cell cultures.This shows that the elicitor activities for the same metabolites can vary with the tissue culture systems.In conclusion,the polysaccharide fraction of yeast extract and two heavy metal ions Ag+and Cd2+were potent elicitors for stimulating the tanshinone production in tiorrhiza cell culture.The stimulated tanshinone production by most elicitors was associated with notable growth suppression.CT was more responsive to the elicitors and enhanced more dramatically than another two tanshinones,T-I and IIA.The results from this study in the tiorrhiza cell cultures and from previous studies in hairy root cultures suggest that the cell and hairy root cultures may be effective systems for CT production, provided with the elicitors.As most of the elicitor chemicals are commercially available or can be readily prepared in the laboratory and easily administered to the cell and root cultures,they are suitable for practical applications in the laboratory or large-scale production. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(G-U502and1-BB80)and the China Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(2006AA10A209).ReferencesBuitelaar RM,Cesário MT,Tramper J(1992)Elicitation of thiophene production by hairy roots of Tagetes patula.Enzyme Microb Technol14:2–7Chen H,Chen F(1999)Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on cell growth and cryptotanshinone formation in Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cell suspension cultures.Biotechnol Lett 21:803–807Chen H,Chen F(2000)Effect of yeast elicitor on the secondary metabolism of Ti-transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cell suspension cultures.Plant Cell Rep19:710–717Chen H,Chen F,Chiu FCK,Lo CMY(2001)The effect of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Enzyme Microb Technol28:100–105Cheng XY,Zhou HY,Cui X,Ni W,Liu CZ(2006)Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides biosynthesis in Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures by chitosan elicitor.J Biotechnol 121:253–260Chong TM,Abdullah MA,Lai QM,Nor’Aini FM,Lajis NH(2005) Effective elicitation factors in Morinda elliptica cell suspension culture.Process Biochem40:3397–3405Ebel J,Mithöer A(1994)Early events in the elicitation of plant defence.Planta206:335–348Ebell LF(1969)Variation in total soluble sugars of conifer tissues with method of analysis.Phytochemistry8:227–233Ge XC,Wu JY(2005)Tanshinone production and isoprenoid pathways in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots induced by Ag+and yeast elicitor.Plant Sci168:487–491。

制定税务工作教案的参考书目推荐

制定税务工作教案的参考书目推荐

制定税务工作教案的参考书目推荐税务工作是一个重要的经济管理领域,为了提高税务从业人员的专业素养和实践能力,制定一份有效的税务工作教案至关重要。

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二、财务会计类书籍1. 《财务会计》——杨国培这本书是财会专业学生必备的教材之一,详细介绍了财务会计准则和制度,以及相关的核算方法和技巧。

了解财务会计的基本知识,可以帮助税务从业人员更好地理解企业的财务状况和纳税申报情况。

2. 《国际会计准则与财务报告分析》——肖力在如今全球化的背景下,了解国际财务会计准则对税务工作也有着重要的影响。

这本书详细介绍了国际会计准则和财务报告分析的方法与技巧,帮助从业人员更好地应对国际化的税务挑战。

三、税务筹划类书籍1. 《税务筹划与优化》——郭彤税务筹划是企业合法降低税负的一项重要工作,这本书详细讲解了税务筹划的原理、方法和实践案例。

了解税务筹划的相关知识,可以帮助税务从业人员更好地指导企业进行税务规划和优化。

2. 《税务风险管理与合规》——刘燕税务风险是企业面临的一大挑战,了解税务风险管理和合规措施对从业人员至关重要。

这本书详细介绍了税务风险管理的方法与实践,帮助从业人员更好地应对风险问题。

四、税务管理类书籍1. 《税务管理学》——贺力税务管理学是税务从业人员必备的基础知识,这本书详细介绍了税务管理的理论、方法和实践。

通过学习这本教材,从业人员可以更好地了解税务管理的内涵和各项工作的要求。

包容性发展下结构性减税与个人所得税制的完善

包容性发展下结构性减税与个人所得税制的完善

荫经济观察*包容性发展下结构性减税与个人所得税制的完善付雅1付红梅2(1.北京市八一学校,北京100000;2.中国林业科学研究院,北京100000)[摘要]结构性减税是当前我国实施积极财政政策和稳健的货币政策的重要一环,是税收公平原则的具体化,在鼓励投资、扩大消费、调整经济结构方面发挥了重要作用。

通过分析我国现行税制的结构性问题,指出后金融危机时代在继续降低总体税负水平的前提下,在包容性增长理念的指导下,坚持结构性减税与税制优化相结合,结构性减税与配套改革相结合,并提出进一步推进结构性减税的税制优化思路,以促进我国经济结构调整和税制结构调整。

[关键词]结构性减税;税制;包容性增长前言2016杭州G20峰会主题:构建创 新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济。

峰会倡 导的“包容和稳健增长”主题与我国全面 建成小康社会目标,以及协调、共享发展 理念不谋而合。

《中华人民共和国国民经 济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》(以下简称《纲要》)贯穿包容性发展的主 线。

税法基本原则是税收法定、税收公 平、税收效率、实质课税四大原则。

包容 性发展为结构性减税政策的推进提供了 方向,包容性增长涉及的最根本的问题 是公平问题,是税收公平原则的具体化。

结构性减税政策应该在减税的前提下,更多的关注公平、关注民生,促进经济增 长的包容,推动社会的和谐进步。

全面实施营改增是今年政府工作的 重头戏,是积极财政政策的关键性举措,也是结构性改革和财税体制改革的重大 举措。

此次营改增全面实施,涉及建筑、房地产、金融、生活服务四个行业,有利 于拉动经济,促进经济转型升级,促进产 业分工优化;有利于完善税制,全面推行 营改增后,实现了增值税对货物和服务 的全覆盖,贯通服务业内部和二、三产业 之间抵扣链条,从制度上消除重复征税,对完善我国财税体制有长远意义。

但我 国目前结构性减税还存在问题,税制有 待优化,税负需要减轻。

―、我国现行税制存在的结构性问题《纲要》指出税制改革目标是:“建 立现代税收制度”、“全面落实税收法定 原则”和“逐步提高直接税比重”。

发票风险识别与应对 书籍

发票风险识别与应对 书籍

发票风险识别与应对书籍
以下是一些与发票风险识别与应对相关的书籍推荐:
1. 《企业财务风险管理实务》(王岐等著) - 详细介绍了企
业财务风险管理的理论与实践,包括风险识别、评估与应对策略等方面的内容,可以帮助企业了解和应对发票风险。

2. 《税务与财务管理与风险控制》(聂冰冰著) - 介绍了税
务管理与财务管理中的风险控制方法以及风险应对策略,包括防范发票风险的方法和技巧。

3. 《财务风险管理与控制》(张国华等著)- 通过实例分析,系统性地介绍了企业财务风险管理的概念、方法和工具,涵盖了发票风险的识别与应对措施。

4. 《从财务风险到内部控制》(马上著) - 重点讲解了财务
风险与内部控制的关系,包括发票风险的内部控制措施和风险应对策略。

5. 《发票管理与审计》(陈志强著) - 从发票管理和审计的
角度出发,介绍了发票风险的识别与应对方法,并提供了实际案例供读者参考。

这些书籍可以帮助读者系统地了解发票风险识别与应对的理论与实践,为企业提供有效的方法和思路来防范和应对相关风险。

同时,读者也可以根据实际需要选择适合自己的书籍。

中国对外贸易的强国之路

中国对外贸易的强国之路

中国对外贸易的强国之路
闫冬梅
【期刊名称】《江苏商论》
【年(卷),期】2008(000)003
【摘要】2006年我国对外贸易继续迅猛发展,在世界贸易中排名第三位,中国贸易大国的地位已经确立,但中国还不是一个贸易强国,为什么说中国还不是一个贸易强国?中国如何从贸易大国转变为贸易强国?关键是改变中国以加工贸易为主的局面,提高产品的国际竞争力,加大力度发展服务贸易.
【总页数】2页(P52-53)
【作者】闫冬梅
【作者单位】无锡商业职业技术学院,贸易经济系,江苏,无锡,200053
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.再论FDI与中国对外贸易的实证分析——就《FDI与中国对外贸易的实证分析》与陈波博士商榷 [J], 熊豪
2.安徽省国家税务局转发财政部国家税务总局关于中国对外贸易运输集团资产评估增值有关企业所得税问题的通知——财政部国家税务总局关于中国对外贸易运输集团资产评估增值有关企业所得税问题的通知 [J], 无
3.强国之路的理性之思——评《强国之路丛书》 [J], 李敬晶;郑玉君
4.现代造纸装备制造业是中国造纸行业强国之路的重要保障《辉煌"十三五",展望新未来——山东造纸装备自主创新成果》专题报道(代序言) [J], 胡楠
5.智能生产力与中国特色现代化强国之路 [J], 肖峰
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

浅谈纳税服务中的“柔性管理”

浅谈纳税服务中的“柔性管理”

浅谈纳税服务中的“柔性管理”
严桂敏
【期刊名称】《税务纵横》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)010
【摘要】随着以纳税服务为主线的新的税收管理思路的实施,用透明服务、民主
管理营造良好的税收征管环境.成为税收征管工作的新理念。

新理念产生的出发点是“服务”,它赋予税收工作以新的管理思想,由之而来的新的工作方式,新的工作方法,为之建立的纳税服务体系提高了征管工作的成效。

当然,税收工作的特殊性
【总页数】1页(P57)
【作者】严桂敏
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F810.423
【相关文献】
1.试点纳税人接受试点纳税人中的小规模纳税人提供的交通运输业服务,能否抵扣
进项税额 [J], 杨顺林;
2.创新纳税服务方式提升纳税服务水平全力助推地方经济发展让纳税服务工作再上新台阶---大庆市让胡路区国税局 [J], 时圣人;王明月
3.浅谈在税务稽查中如何优化纳税服务 [J], 赵松荃;翟睿
4.以纳税人差异化纳税信息需求为导向构建新媒体纳税信息服务平台r——以微信、
微博提供纳税信息服务为例 [J], 陈淼;方莉君
5.纳税服务质量的柔性管理分析 [J], 王红莲
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

为纳税人代付个人所得税款的解题新方法

为纳税人代付个人所得税款的解题新方法

为纳税人代付个人所得税款的解题新方法
闫翠苹
【期刊名称】《财会研究》
【年(卷),期】2014(000)005
【摘要】在实际工作中,有的雇主常常为纳税人负担税款,纳税人的应纳税额由雇主代为缴纳.而注册税务师考试教材中给出的为纳税人代付税款的计算过程繁琐,需要记忆的公式也较多.本文运用应纳税额计算的基本原理,通过建立一元一次方程,便能一步到位,得出为纳税人代付的税款,不仅减少了考生对教材公式的记忆量,而且大大简化了计算过程,提高了解题的速度与准确率.
【总页数】3页(P45-47)
【作者】闫翠苹
【作者单位】山西财贸职业技术学院
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.国家税务总局关于明确单位或个人为纳税义务人的劳务报酬所得代付税款计算公式对应税率表的通知 [J],
2.关于国家税务局为小规模纳税人代开发票及税款征收有关问题的通知 [J],
3.个人所得税代付税款计税方法分析 [J], 万新焕
4.国家税务总局关于明确单位或个人为纳税义务人的劳务报酬所得代付税款计算公式对应税率表的通知 [J],
5.不要轻易委托纳税人代征税款 [J], 严峻;缪来昌
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

我国税务行政强制执行方法探析

我国税务行政强制执行方法探析

我国税务行政强制执行方法探析
杨卫红
【期刊名称】《扬州大学税务学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2006(011)001
【摘要】税务行政强制执行的方法有强制征收滞纳金、直接强制、阻止离境等,克服现行税务强制执行方法缺陷,改进税务强制执行方法的措施是增强相关法律的可操作性,明确税务行政强制执行的启动标准、明确税款的实现中相对人权利保护的规定、明确税务行政强制执行可以有条件地中止,并不断完善强制执行的法律手段.【总页数】4页(P60-63)
【作者】杨卫红
【作者单位】陕西省地方税务局,陕西,西安,710000
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】D922.1
【相关文献】
1.我国税务行政处罚制度探析 [J], 胡海
2.《行政强制法》实施后税务行政强制的法律适用问题 [J], 兰权昌
3.论我国税务行政强制执行措施的改进 [J], 申金玉
4.税务行政处罚与税务行政强制的区别 [J], 李斌
5.WTO体制下艾滋病药物强制许可的合法性探析——兼论我国艾滋病药物强制许可的启动 [J], 郑远民;唐海清
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谈现代会计的基本职能

谈现代会计的基本职能

谈现代会计的基本职能
邱敏;王岩
【期刊名称】《经济技术协作信息》
【年(卷),期】2005(000)004
【摘要】会计职能是会计工作本身所固有的,客观存在的一种内在功能,从现代经济管理耐会计所提出的要求出发.现代会计的基本职能应归纳为反映和控制。

【总页数】1页(P8)
【作者】邱敏;王岩
【作者单位】哈尔滨中央红集团股份有限公司;哈尔滨市房产住宅局
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F2
【相关文献】
1.试论现代会计的基本功能--兼谈会计电算化对现代会计的影响 [J], 陈蔚
2.谈电力行协如何发挥基本职能 [J], 王惠娟
3.浅析现代会计的基本职能 [J], 孙喜润
4.谈现代会计的基本职能 [J], 原京杰
5.论现代会计的基本职能 [J], 姜忆范
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如何发挥计算机应用系统在深化税收征管改革中的依托作用

如何发挥计算机应用系统在深化税收征管改革中的依托作用

如何发挥计算机应用系统在深化税收征管改革中的依托作用洪鸣
【期刊名称】《安徽税务》
【年(卷),期】1999(000)006
【摘要】在年初全省市、地局长会议上,程伯勤局长曾提出:在深化征管改革的过程中,要研究“税收管理业务软件”和“计算机软件”的结合。

这里的“税收管理业务软件”是指实施税收管理的法规、制度和业务流程等,“计算机软件”是指为依托计算机应用系统强化税收管理而编制的计算机程序。

本文拟就计算机应用系统介人税收管理后,税收电子化给信息处理方式带来的改变,进行一些探讨。

在进行管理理论研究时,常将管理对象比作一株倒置的枝权交错的大树。

拿我们税务管理的组织体系来说,这株大树的每个枝权的结点就是一个税务管理单位,靠近根部的结点是上级管理单位。

直至伸向叶面(纳税户)。

枝权的结点相当于征收组和专管员。

大树的生命体系正是通过枝权,
【总页数】2页(P18-19)
【作者】洪鸣
【作者单位】
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F810.42
【相关文献】
1.在团场深化财政财务改革中如何发挥r内部审计作用 [J], 梁季
2.如何发挥党组织和党员在企业深化改革中的作用 [J], 邹跃飞
3.团场深化财政体制改革中如何发挥内部控制作用的思考 [J], 李慧玲
4.国企深化改革中如何发挥党建引领作用 [J], 邢文慧
5.围绕党的执政能力建设进一步深化党校教育改革——党校在加强党的执政能力建设中如何发挥作用问题的调研报告 [J], 高昭平;张伟;李建平;毛玉金;曹有禄;郭敏丽
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对非居民企业税收征管的思考

对非居民企业税收征管的思考

对非居民企业税收征管的思考
陈桂梅
【期刊名称】《中国电子商务》
【年(卷),期】2011(000)001
【摘要】随着我国经济的深入发展,境内非居民企业涉税业务越来越多,而非居民企业本身具有临时性、复杂性、隐蔽性、多变性等特点,这就增加了对非居民企业税收征管的难度,针对现实征管中存在的问题,如无法掌握非居民企业的信息,不能及时有效的判断是否该征税,征多少,以及代扣代缴难,不能从税源控制等一系列问题,那么如何从根源上找出原因,采取行之有效的措施,保证国家税收不流失,就越来越成为社会关注的热点.
【总页数】2页(P359-360)
【作者】陈桂梅
【作者单位】辽宁金融职业学院会计系,辽宁沈阳110122
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】D912.2
【相关文献】
1.国际反避税背景下加强我国税收征管研究--以非居民企业间接转让股权为视角[J], 朱玲
2.对郑州市非居民企业税收征管的建议 [J], 孙宏立;郭书英;李飞
3.以流程再造为契机不断完善税收征管新机制——对新一轮征管改革条件下完善税收征管机制的调查与思考 [J], 王阳
4.境内非居民企业税收征管现状探讨 [J], 孙婧
5.关于非居民企业预提所得税税收征管问题的思考 [J], 李昭
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浅谈如何在确保印制质量前提下有效降低图书出版成本

浅谈如何在确保印制质量前提下有效降低图书出版成本

浅谈如何在确保印制质量前提下有效降低图书出版成本杨彦梅
【期刊名称】《印刷质量与标准化》
【年(卷),期】2005(000)004
【摘要】随着出版业体制改革和市场化进程的不断加快,竞争机制的引入强化和对外开放程度的不断加深,出版社正面临许多新的挑战,其中一个重要方面就是如何在确保图书印制质量的前提下把成本控制到最低限度,实现社会效益与经济效益的和谐统一,生产者和消费者达到"双赢".……
【总页数】2页(P32-33)
【作者】杨彦梅
【作者单位】河北教育出版社,石家庄市友谊北大街,050061
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TS807
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2.浅谈煤炭企业成本控制及降低成本的有效途径 [J], 邓小艳;马国流;刘凯
3.印制质量与图书出版成本的有效降低 [J], 杨彦梅
4.浅谈内部审计如何在外经贸企业“降低成本、降低费用”方面发挥作用 [J], 李杰
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编辑/刘金玲 美编/李春梅 校对/刘金玲
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国税局局长郑东霞视察一线税收工作
昌平国税局领导班子合影 北京市昌平区国家税务局成立于 1994 年 8 月, 负责昌 平区 1343.5 平方公里 15 个镇 (3 个地区办事处) 、 5 个街道 办事处和 1 个以企代镇行政单位 (北企公司) 的国家税收征 管工作。目前, 昌平国税局共有内设机构 13 个、 直属机构 2个 (稽查局、 车辆购置税征收管理分局) 、 事业单位 3 个 (机关服务中心、 信息中心、 票证中心) 、 派出机构 8 个 (第 一税务所--第八税务所) 。截至 2013 年底, 共管理纳税户 54322 户, 其中企业 31685 户、 个体 22637 户。 一年来, 昌平国税局新一届领导班子在区委、 区政府 和北京市国税局的正确领导下, 紧紧围绕服务科学发展、 共建和谐税收的工作主题, 牢牢把握 “完成三个转换、 力争 四个覆盖、 实现一个确保、 两个基本改善、 四个提升和 16 个 100%” 的总体目标, 坚持 “强素质、 抓管理、 讲和谐、 比服务、 保平安、 谋发展” 的 18 字工作方针, 加强税收征管保收入, 优化纳税服务促和谐, 健全惩防体系防风险, 强化队伍建 设树形象, 较好地完成了各项工作任务, 为加快推进昌平 经济社会平稳较快发展作出了新的贡献。 科学谋划, 税收收入规模实现新突破。 为保质保量完 成税收任务, 该局始终坚持以组织税收收入为中心, 以加 强税收分析为重点, 积极采取五项措施, 确保税收收入持 续平稳增长。一是合理分配税收计划。坚持 “从经济到税 收、 基数可比、 全额分配” 三项原则, 保证总体任务的完 成。映税收总量及分税种的入库情况; 坚持每月编制 《各税务所税收收入完成情况表》 , 及时分析超收、 短收原 因; 坚持每月编制 《纳税 100 万元以上企业入库情况表》 , 了 解重点企业纳税情况。三是深化税收收入分析。研究制 定 《税收预测管理办法》 , 细化税收预测工作要求; 建立 “税 收收入预测会商机制” , 群策群力提高税收预测准确率。 四是加强重点税源监控。加强审核, 提高重点税源数据水 平。加强对重点税源企业上报数据的分析, 着力强化数据 应用, 提高数据质量。五是加强与城市发展新区的沟通交 流。该局联合顺义、 通州、 大兴、 房山国税局召开城市发展 新区税收分析座谈会, 探讨各区税收分析及组收工作方 法, 建立长效沟通机制, 为提高工作效率, 提升分析水平打 好了基础, 为更有效地服务于城市发展新区经济发展提供 了支持。通过系统下下坚持不懈的努力, 税收收入连年稳 定增长, 税收总量持续扩大。1994 年昌平国税局刚成立 时, 税收收入只有 2.6 个亿, 2003 年达到 10 个亿, 2013 年实 现 106 亿, 首次突破百亿元大关, 税收增长有了质的飞跃。 积极探索, 税收征管跃升新水平。 按照北京市国税局 “规范一线, 发展两翼” 的管理理念, 积极探索税源专业化 管理的新途径。该局以 “两明确、 两规范” , 进一步深化规 范一线工作。一是明确依申请核查事项。年初, 研究制定 《纳税人依申请事项核查工作实施方案》 , 确定 27 项需核查 的业务事项, 使核查工作更加标准化。二是明确任务派发 单制度。该局对上级各处室下派的涉税事项, 实行涉税任 务统一派发单制度, 并定期召开联席会议, 进行统筹安排, 错峰下派, 在减轻基层负担的同时, 有效保证了各项工作 质量。 “ 两个规范” : 一是对所有涉税流程进行了梳理规 范。二是对大厅的服务内容和项目进行了规范, 切实有效 解决了大厅人员滞留问题。在发展两翼上, 做到 “一个专 业、 一个提升” 。专业开展纳税评估。组织业务骨干成立 专业评估小组, 按照先易后难, 逐步扩大的方式, 稳步推进 评估工作, 共累计查补税款达 6973 万元。提升一级稽查水 平。今年在稽查立案案件和协查案件都比去年有了大幅 增加的前提下, 引进查账软件, 提高电子查账能力, 快速提 升办案效率, 经过全体稽查干部的共同努力, 克服种种困 难, 全年立案检查 74 件、 风险排查 79 户, 案件协查 763 户 次, 组织各项收入 6660 万元, 按期结案率实现 100%, 没有 一个超时限案件, 圆满完成稽查任务, 并且在全市考核中 获得了第一名的好成绩。 转变理念, 纳税服务实现新发展。 今年以来, 该局认 真落实国税总局 《关于做好税务系统职能转变工作的通 知》 要求的十条措施, 采取纳税人满意度调查等形式, 广泛 收集纳税人意见; 建立快速响应机制, 回应纳税人的诉求; 打造 “七化” 服务品牌, 提升服务站位; 加强教育培训, 提升 服务意识, 为改进工作提供了有力支撑, 服务水平有了很 大提高, 年度纳税人投诉数量由去年的 25 件, 减少为今年 的 13 件, 同比下降 48%, 较往年有了大幅下降。9 月 13 日, 在昌平企业联合会会长王翠霞的带领下, 有 7 家企业代表 自发组织为该局赠送了锦旗, 并对国税局的工作给予了很 高的赞誉。与此同时, 该局还注重在三个重点环节上注重 政策的辅导, 不断提升纳税人的遵从度和满意度。一是新 办企业培训。对新办企业由以前的每月 1 次, 增加为每个 月 2 次的政策辅导, 全年共培训纳税人 4306 户次, 发放宣 被评为 “稽查能手” , 成为全市国税系统首批获选的 15 名稽 传材料 17200 份。二是政策调整辅导。结合新政策的调整 查能手之一。 和所得税汇算期加强对纳税人的辅导, 全年共辅导 15 场 因地制宜, 税务文化营造新氛围。 该局注重深化税务 次。三是自主检查培训。在评估和稽查前, 加强对纳税人 文化建设, 因地制宜建立税务文化宣传阵地。积极开展税 进行辅导, 鼓励纳税人进行自主检查调整入库, 一年来, 政 务文化建设成果现场会, 打造 “一所一品” 的税务文化精神 策辅导共 79 户次, 不仅提高了纳税人满意度, 而且有效防 家园。积极开展精神文明创建活动, 通过开展 “学雷锋” 、 范了执法风险。 “感动昌平国税” 、 “ 五好女税官” 评选活动, 广泛宣传先进 锐意进取, 干部队伍焕发新活力。 一年来, 该局以 “抓 典型。积极开展职工趣味运动会、 园博会、 滨河公园长走 规范、 重奖惩、 严考核、 真贴心” 为重点, 紧盯跟踪考察, 优 等各类活动, 不仅丰富了干部职工的业余文化生活, 同时 化干部结构; 紧盯人尽其才, 满足岗位需求; 紧盯干部诉 也达到了凝聚人心, 鼓舞士气, 锻炼队伍, 创新思维, 检验 求, 密切联系群众; 紧盯教育培训, 提升能力素质。在全局 中层, 展示风采的目标, 有利地推动了该局精神文明建设 形成了廉洁自律、 爱岗敬业、 勇于奉献、 任劳任怨的良好风 的开展。该局第二税务所在税务文化建设上以转变思想 气, 打造了一支政治坚定、 作风过硬、 业务精通、 永争一流 观念、 凝聚精神力量为目标, 从精神文化、 制度文化、 行为 的干部队伍, 为各项工作的完成奠定了坚实基础。该局第 文化、 物态文化四个方面共同打造具有二所特色的 “小而 一税务所, 以办税服务厅为平台, 以做好税收征收工作为 精、 特而美” 的税务文化精神家园, 激发了税务人员的积极 责任,坚持严格执法、 规范管理, 文明服务, 出色地完成了 性、 主动性和创造性, 推动了税收工作全面发展。 的各项工作任务, 被评为 “全国税务系统先进集体” 称号。 惩防并举, 党风廉政制定新举措。在整体工作部署上, 稽查局检查一科的苏青同志, 在市局组织的稽查案例讲评 始终把党风廉政建设作为国税工作的一个重要环节, 坚持 会上, 作为全市稽查业务骨干, 对该局的成功案例进行讲 与税收业务工作一同部署, 一同检查。一是全面落实党风 解交流, 受到参会领导和专家的一致好评。并且在市局首 廉政建设责任制。确定 “三立足, 两推进, 一确保” 的廉政 批稽查能手评选中, 在全市 900 多名稽查干部中脱颖而出, 工作思路和目标, 研究制定 《党风廉政建设和反腐败主要
企业联合会携企业代表来国税局赠送锦旗 参观董存瑞纪念馆重温入党誓词
2013
GOU SHUI
中关村科技园区大企业税务风险防控暨内控机制建设推进会
昌平国税局 “学雷锋” 志愿服务小分队合影
全局干部职工趣味运动会
工作任务分解方案》 , 对党风廉政建设各项工作进行分工, 逐级签订了 《党风廉政建设 责任书》 , 将廉政责任和工作任务落实到了各级领导、 各责任单位和每名干部, 达到了 齐抓共管, 共同促进的目标。二是推进惩防体系建设。坚持 “阳光、 效能、 平安” 的廉 政教育理念, 突出了领导干部、 一线执法人员和青年公务员三个教育重点, 不断强化 廉政教育, 筑牢干部思想道德防线。同时, 该局按照 “加强内部管理, 优化纳税服务, 健全监督体系, 强化社会监督” 的工作思路, 在区统战部门的积极协助下, 重新聘请了 10 位特邀监察员, 定期召开监督员座谈会, 不断加大纠风工作力度, 使政风行风建设 取得了长足的进步。三是推进内控机制建设。局党组始终将深化征管改革与加强内 控机制建设、 风险防范管理紧密结合, 加强对风险的跟踪管理和动态校正。针对 “规 范一线” 和 “营改增” 等征管改革带来的新风险, 重新明确岗责, 梳理流程, 查找风险, 制定措施, 完善制度。编制了 《昌平国税局职权目录》 , 完成上报了 《廉政风险评估报 告》 、 《权力运行流程图》 和 《廉政风险防控制度汇编》 。工作中通过强化征管质量、 强 化核查工作、 风险防控信息化建设和落实风险分级管理、 分级监控四项措施, 有效防 范了执法风险。 从严执法, 依法行政跃上新台阶。该局以行政处罚裁量权准确率和 “执法考核系 统零过错” 两个综合指标, 以及疑点信息库为抓手, 以执法督查和法制宣传教育两个 常态化机制建设为突破, 促进了全局督察合力的形成和依法行政的推进。在创新开 展执法督察常态化机制建设的基础上, 以日常督察与重点督察相结合的方式, 推进执 法督察工作的进一步落实, 全年共立项 12 个, 督查问题 177 条, 补缴税款及滞纳金 74 万, 并随时完善归档各类资料, 不仅促进了全局执法行为的不断规范, 而且有效防范 了执法风险。值得一提的是在辖区某企业对该局行政诉讼这一案件的应对上, 昌平 国税局积极配合律师准备此案的行政复议和两次应诉工作, 一审、 二审均取得胜诉。 这不仅维护了税收执法的严肃性, 而且培养锻炼了干部。同时, 也为行政执法工作开 出了一条新路。 夯实基础, 规范管理体现新作为。 一是紧抓目标管理考核。为提高各项工作的 完成质量, 减少 “人为干预” , 昌平国税局明确全局年度考核目标及各指标完成标准, 调整设置 17 类 54 项具体指标, 制订 《考核工作任务书》 , 并形成了指标落实跟踪机制, 由考核办公室按月对各指标进行统计, 按月通报进度、 分析不足、 提出改进建议, 有效 调动了各部门比业绩、 争第一的工作热情, 工作的完成质量和效果明显提升。二是紧 抓办公设施维修。由于该局办公楼已达维修年限, 办公设备老化, 各类问题时有发 生, 服务中心工作人员始终坚持以服务保障为宗旨, 没有节假日概念, 保证随叫随到, 快捷高效服务于各科室所, 每次都是在第一时间赶到现场进行维修。遇到一些大的 项目维修, 工作人员牺牲节假日时间, 加班加点进行抢修, 截止到 12 月底, 共完成各 项维修工作 380 余次, 确保了日常工作的正常开展。三是紧抓内部行政管理。今年以 来, 针对机关院落进出人员混杂、 车辆乱停乱放、 出行难等问题, 该局多方面分析影响 原因, 并相应制定 《机关车辆出入管理规定》 、 《公务用车管理规定》 、 《临时人员工作证 管理制度》 , 对车辆出入、 入驻国税机关的临时办公人员加强管理, 明确管理部门、 管 理责任、 工作标准、 惩戒措施等, 提高了内部管理水平。一年来, 通过一系列的管理手 段, 使该局组织内部行政系统运转更加顺畅, 受到广大干部职工的普遍赞誉。 提升站位, 税收宣传迈出新步伐。 今年以来, 昌平国税局以税收宣传月、 发票宣 传月等大型宣传活动为载体, 紧紧围绕 “税收 · 发展 · 民生” 主题, 坚持早准备、 早部署、 早落实, 着眼税收宣传的及时性、 广泛性、 有效性, 突出组织领导、 活动组织、 活动效 果, 狠抓工作务实、 贴近实际、 确保实效, 取得了显著的宣传效果和社会效应。4 月 17 日, 经过层层筛选、 严格把关, 昌平国税局与地税局联合举行向 116 户纳税信用 A 级企 业颁牌活动, 并向 A 级企业代表颁发证书。昌平区副区长周云帆、 政协副主席吴小利 和发改委主任李志杰等领导出席活动并为纳税信用 A 级企业颁发证书。同时, 该局 对 A 级企业做出六项服务承诺, 通过榜样的树立, 为鼓励 A 级企业进一步发展壮大, 在更大的范围传播诚信纳税理念奠定了基础。 强势推进, “ 营改增” 税制改革取得新成效。 自 2012 年 8 月 1 日, 营业税改征增值 税工作在北京正式启动以来, 该局党组高度重视, 始终紧跟市局的整体部署, 紧跟市 局的目标要求, 紧跟市局提出的各种指标完成时限, 始终做到组织领导到位、 前期准 备到位、 政策保障到位、 宣传营造到位、 培训辅导到位, 全局上下同心同德, 认真落实 改革措施, 最终圆满完成了交通运输业和部分现代服务业的税制转换工作。目前, 昌 平区共有 “营改增” 纳税人 14296 户, 其中交通运输业 1074 户、 部分现代服务业 13222 户, 全部实现正常购票、 开票、 申报、 纳税, 申报率与入库率始终保持 100%, 顺利完成 试点任务。 2014 年是贯彻落实十八届三中全会精神、 全面深化改革的第一年, 也是完成 “十 二五” 规划任务的关键之年, 做好 2014 年的工作意义重大、 任务艰巨。昌平国税局将 继续按照区委区政府和市局的要求, 振奋精神, 改革创新, 举全局干部之力, 以十八届 三中全会精神为指导, 凝聚力量; 以党的群众路线教育为抓手, 改进作风; 以邮政和铁 路运输营改增扩围为重点, 狠抓工作落实, 全面完成全年目标任务, 为加快推动昌平 经济社会发展, 建设现代化京北创新中心、 国际科教新区做出新的更大贡献!
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