人教版选修八第二单元词汇学习

实用标准
Unit 2 Cloning词汇学习1．differ vi.不同；相异
different adj.不同的有区别的相异的
difference n.不同；不同之处
differ from...不同于⋯⋯
differ in...在⋯⋯方面不同
A differs from
B in...
A 与
B 在⋯⋯方面不同
A differs with
B about/on/over...
A 与
B 就⋯⋯意见相左
be different from与⋯⋯不同
make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.
对某人 / 某物有 / 有些 / 没有影响或作用
And everybody's preferences differ.
而各人偏好又是千差万别。

Attitudes towards this hot topic differ widely.
人们对此热点话题态度不一。

They differ in size but not in kind.
它们的区别只是大小不同而实质一样。

I differ with my classmates on that issue.
我在这问题上与班里的同学意见相左。

Opinions on various social questions differ from person to person.
有关各种社会问题的意见因人而异。

I cannot see where they differ from each other : to me they look exactly alike.
我看不出他们彼此有什么不同，在我看来，他们确实很相像。

They differ with each other on moral standards.
关于道德标准 , 他们的见解不同。

[ 即学即练 ]
(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds
that they ______.
人在许诺时都一样，不同之处在于他们
的行动。

(2)I have to ______ you ______ that.
在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。

(3)The two squares differ_____ colour but not _____ size.
这两个正方形的颜色不相同, 大小却一样。

differ
differ with; on
in; in
Thoughts of Oriental(东方人) differ much____ westerners in a number of ways.
A. between
B. between those
C. from
D. from those of
Write of写,记述
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实用标准
Peter wrote of his adventures in the war every week.
彼得每星期都 写他在战争中的冒险经历。

2．undertake vt. 着手，从事，承担；
承诺，答应 ,
保证； ( 后接 to do)
undertaking n.
任务，事业；承诺，答
应
undertake a task/project
承担一个任务 / 项目
undertake this job 从事这项工作 undertake an important mission
承担一项重要使命
答应做某事保证⋯⋯
为⋯⋯负责
1). She undertook the responsibility
for these changes.
她承担了做出这些改变的责任。

2). He undertook to pay
the money
undertake to do sth.
undertake that-clause undertake for sth.
back in one month.
他答应在一个月之内还钱。

3) I'll undertake for your security.
我将保证你的安全。

4) We could undertake the work for the time being.
我们可暂时承担这项工作。

5) I want you to undertake all the arrangements.
我希望你来负责全面安排工作。

6) He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。

7) I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.
我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。

8)Whowill undertake responsibility
for this work?
谁将承担这项工作的责任 ?
9)She undertook the task of monitoring the elections.
她承担了监督选举的任务。

MAYYOUSUCCEEDIN YOURUNDERTAKING!祝你在事业上成功。

He made no attempt to carry out
his undertaking .
他无意实现他的诺言。

[ 即学即练 2]
(1)The company has announced that it will_____________a full investigation ______ the accident. (undertake)
公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。

3．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；
还清 ;付清工资解雇
pay money for sth. 付钱买⋯⋯ pay for
付⋯⋯的钱；为⋯⋯而付出代价
pay back还钱，报复;回报
pay out 付出大笔款项；放松
pay up 付清欠款
At worst we'll have to sell the house so as to pay off our debts.
在最坏的情况下，我们将不得不卖掉房
子来还清债务。

1). At last, his hard work paid off.
最后，他的努力得到了回报。

2). Our efforts are sure to pay off.我们的努力一定会得到回报。

3) His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.
他得到了提升 , 他的努力没有白费。

4)Two years of business school really paid off.
在商业学校就读两年真是很合算。

5) Many steel-workers have been paid off.许多钢铁工人发薪后被辞退了。

①M r. Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.
李先生周末开出租车赚钱以还清他的所有债务。

②H er design won the first prize in
the competition. Years of patience
and hard work had at last paid off.
她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。

多年的耐心和艰苦工作终于得到了好的结果。

—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.
— Oh， really？I’ m glad that her efforts at last________.
A．worked out B．got back C．paid off D．turned out
[ 即学即练 ]
(1)They ____________ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。

(2)Two hundred workers have
_________.
200名工人已被结清工资了。

(3)They took a hell of a risk but it
____________.
他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。

paid off
been paid off
paid off
4．cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast)
投掷；投射；抛
cast down 使沮丧 / 不愉快 ; 扔掉 ; 推翻cast aside 抛弃，消除，废除
cast away 抛弃，丢掉，使( 船) 漂流，( 船)失事
cast behind疏远；把⋯⋯抛在脑后cast off丢弃
cast one ’s eyes over审视
cast one’s mind back to sth.回顾，回想
cast light on/upon ＝throw light upon 弄清楚
The enemy cast down their weapons.
敌人扔掉武器。

The girl cast down her eyes modestly when she was praised.
姑娘受到表扬时，谦虚地垂下了眼睛。

He was cast down by the sad news.
这悲伤的消息使他情绪低落。

Why are you so angry and cast down ?你为什么这样生气 , 脸色也变了呢 ?
He has been very muchcast down by his failure in the examination.
他因考试不及格，情绪一直很低落。

At last he returned to his palace
quite cast down, because he wished so much to have a real Princess for his
wife.
结果，他只好回到自己的皇宫来，心中
很不快活，因为他是那么渴望着得到一
位真正的公主。

[ 即学即练 ]
(1)Don ‘ t be so ____________. Just
keep up your spirits.
不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！
(2)As soon as they reached the fishing
area, the fishermen ______
their nets ______ the sea.
渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。

(3)As soon as he became rich he
____________ all his old friends who
gave him some help.
他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他
帮助的老朋友。

cast down
cast; into
cast aside
5．object vi.反对，不赞成
n.实物；目的；对象objection n.反对；厌恶
objective adj. 真实的，客观的无偏见的
object to sb./sth.反对，不赞成某人/ 事
object to doing sth.反对做某事object to sb. doing sth.反对某人做某事
raise an objection to (doing) sth.
对⋯⋯提出异议have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth.对⋯⋯表示反对
If nobody objects ，we’ll postpone the
meeting till next week.
如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。

I object to such treatment.
/to being treated like this.
对这种待遇 [ 受到这样的待遇 ] 我表示抗议。

I really object to being charged for parking.
我非常反对收停车费。

He tried to object against me for the position, but in vain.
他竭力反对我获取那个职位，但没有
成功。

I object to the plan on the grounds
that it is too expensive.
我反对该项计划，理由是花费太大。

I objected that he was too young for the position .
我提出反对意见他太年轻不合适这个职位。

Nobody raised any objection to my doing it right now.
没人反对我现在就做这件事。

My main objection to the plan is that
it costs too much .
我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。

He took objection to what I said.
他不同意我说的话。

Have you any objection to changing
your working hours?
你对改变你的工作时间有什么异议吗？
1.I enjoyed school. But I did ___ to having to go to school every day once we’ve done all our exams.
A. object
B. oppose
C. turn
D.
help
2．We_____ to punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.
A．complain B ．object C．oppose D．resist
6．obtain vt.获得，取得；买到；借
到
obtain employment就业，找到工作obtain information获得信息；索取资
料或合同
obtain evidence取证
obtain knowledge获得知识
obtain sth from sb/sth从⋯⋯获得某物
1). I haven ’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere.
我到处都没买到那张唱片。

2). He said that the police had obtained
this information by illegal means.
他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。

3) Further information can be obtained from head office.
更多想信息可从总部获取。

4)You can obtain the application from the registrar.
你可以向注册人员索取申请书。

You can also obtain knowledge through practice.
你还可以从实践经验中获得知识。

obtainable adj 能得到的 ; 可获得的
Are his records still obtainable?
[ 即学即练 5]
(1)I haven ‘t been able to _____________ anywhere.
我到处都没买到那本书。

(2)He failed to __________________.
他没有获得奖学金。

(3)Details can be _________________ the Ministry of Education.
可以从教育部获知详情。

obtain that book
obtain a scholarship
obtained from
Attain实现；获得；达到
attain one's aim/goal/purpose达到目的
attain the position/ambition
attain better economic
results 取得较好的经济效益
attain long-term prosperity 实
现长期的繁荣
attain the opposite shore到达对岸～+介词
attain to达到,获得
attain to distinction出名
attain to man's manhood达到成年attain to power得到权力
Wecan attain whatever goal we set in
our mind.
我们设定了什么目标，就能实现什么目标。

She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.
她实现了成为一个飞行员的志向。

Can you attain the goal you have set yourselves?
你们是否能够达到你们的目的 ?
I'm determined to attain my purpose at
any cost.
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。

He attained the position of minister.
他得到了部长的职位。

He tried in vain to attain to fame.
他想出名但未成功。

7 ． forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反对 ; 不准；
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forbid sb. sth.禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事
forbidden zone/ area禁区/地Forbidden City紫禁城(故宫)
forbid children sweets禁止孩子吃糖forbid sb. the house不准某人进屋forbid minors from entering
禁止未成年人进入
I forbid you the use of my tape recorder.
我不许你用我的录音机。

He forbids smoking during office hours.
他禁止在办公时间抽烟。

I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.
如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。

I can't forbid you/your seeing that
man again.
我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。

The staff are forbidden to use the front entrance.
禁止员工使用正门出入。

Godforbid that we should do any such thing!
上帝哪能让我们干这种事情 ! Smoking
is forbidden on the plane.
飞机上禁止吸烟。

It is hard to forbid children (to play) computer games.
要禁止小孩子不玩电脑游戏很难。

He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.
他不准他们再提这个问题。

1．He was in poor health ，so the doctor ________ him to drink wine.
A．hoped B．demanded C．forbade D．prevented
2．— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don ’ t allow____ here.
A．people smoking B ．people smoke C．to smoke D．smoking
3.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, __after11 p.m.
A. from staying out
B. to stay out
C., staying out
D. stay out
8. accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积accumulation n. [u,c]积累
Accumulate working experience, make
the life rich and colorful!!
累积工作经验，让生活丰富多彩！
1). By working hard you may accumulate
a fortune.
努力工作，你就会积蓄一笔财产。

2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a
house is not cleaned regularly.
房屋不经常打扫 ,尘土很快就越积越多。

3) He paused and let the silence accumulate for a while.
他停顿了一下，让冷场持续了好一会儿。

1). A thick layer of dust
_____________ (accumulate) in the room, so he had to give it a thorough cleaning.
2). Despite this_______ (accumulate)
of evidence,the Government persisted in doing nothing.
Keys:
1). had accumulated 2). accumulation
9．owe vt. 欠( 钱、物、债等 ) ；应当给予;应该把⋯⋯归功于；感激，感恩(1)owe sb. sth. 或 owe sth. to sb.
欠某人某物
owe...to...把⋯⋯归功于⋯⋯
owe it to sb. that...多亏某人帮忙(2)owing to ＝because of“因为，由于”，后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。

1). He owes his father￡50.
=He owes ￡50 to his father.
他欠他父亲 50 英镑。

You owe me an apology.
你得向我道歉。

Thanks for helping me — I owe you a favour.
谢谢你帮助我——我欠你一个人情。

We owe this discovery to Newton.
我们的这一发现归功于牛顿。

He owes his success to hard work and practice.
他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。

If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher.
如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。

These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于
艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。

Weshould do th e duty which we owe to our country.
我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。

I owe it to you that I finished my
work in time.
多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。

Owing to the rain ， they could not come.
由于下雨，他们不能来了。

Owing to her assistance ，we succeeded in starting the engine.
多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。

She owes her success ____ good luck rather than _____ ability.
A．to ；and B ．of ；to
C．to ；to D．to ；in
10．bother vt.打扰vi.操心
n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精
力(做某事 ) ; 为⋯⋯而烦恼；因⋯⋯操
心
bother sb. about/with sth.
使某人烦恼 / 不安
It bothers sb. that.../to do sth.
使某人苦恼的是⋯⋯
bother to do/doing sth.
操心做某事 ;费神做⋯⋯Sorry to bother you ， but there is a
call for you.
很抱歉打扰你一下，有你的电话。

I don ’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.
我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。

It bothers me that he hasn ’ t been telling me the truth.
他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。

He didn ’t even bother to let meknow he was coming.
他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。

I hate to be a bother ，but could I use your phone?
给您添麻烦了，我可以用一下电话吗？
Don't get into such a bother about small matters.
不要为了区区小事而如此焦虑。

1．— I ’m sorry to ___ you，but can you tell
me the way to the nearest supermarket?
— I will do some shopping，too. Shall we walk there together?
A ． bother
B ． carry C． affect D．award
2．I ’mvery sorry to have ____you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A．attracted B．abstracted C．impressed D．bothered
11．strike vt. & vi. 打，撞击，冲击，
罢工，打动，划燃，侵袭，突然
想起
n．罢工，打击
be struck with(by)为⋯所侵袭；为⋯
所触动 ( 感动 )
It strikes me that...
我觉得⋯；我的印象是⋯strike a match 划火柴
strike on/upon 打在⋯上；撞到⋯上 be on strike 举行罢工 go on strike 实行罢工
Strike the iron while it is hot.
趁热打铁。

The ship might strike on a reef.
船可能触礁了。

A thought struck her. Wasshe jealous of her mother, then?
她突然冒出一个念头。

那她是在嫉妒自己的母亲吗 ?
On hearing the soft footsteps outside her room, she was struck with
panic.
一听到门外有轻轻的脚步声, 她惊慌失措。

He was struck with the beauty of scenery.
他被美丽的景色迷住了。

He struck me as a very serious but friendly person.
他在我眼里是个非常严肃但友好的人。

1)The workers were striking/on strike because they wanted more money.
工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。

2)When the clock struck five , the strike started.
当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。

3) It strikes me that none of them trusts each other.
他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。

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4)The match won’t strike because of the moisture of the air.
由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。

5)Great damagehas been caused by the tornado which struck the area last week.
上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。

10． resist v.忍住；顶住；抵御；反抗
resistance n.反抗
resistant adj.抵抗的；耐⋯⋯的resist sth.抵制、阻挡某事
resist doing sth.反对做某事
can‘t resist doing sth.忍不住做某事
be resistant to对⋯⋯有抵抗力resist the temptation抵制诱惑
resist arrest拒捕
resist diseases抵抗疾病
You should resist the temptation.您应当抵制这种诱惑。

He could resist her charm no longer.他再也抗拒不住她的魅力。

The man was shot outside his house as he tried to resist arrest.
那个男人因为试图拒捕在他住宅外被击中。

I could hardly resist laughing.
我忍不住笑了起来。

① He is in good health--- he is able to resist diseases .
他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。

② I couldn ’t resist having a look at her diary.
我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。

③ There has been a lot of resistance
to this new law.
这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。

Only by determined resistance could their country be saved.
只有坚决抵抗，他们的国家才能得救。

She is overweight, but she can’t ____
the temptation to eat more delicious food.
A. forbid
B. attach
C. allow
D. resist
12． in favour of赞成；支持;对⋯⋯有利
in favour赞同；流行；得宠
in favour with sb.受某人支持
in sb. ‘s favour 对某人有利
out of favour失宠；不流行
do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb.
帮某人忙
do sb. the favour to do sth.
帮某人做⋯⋯owe sb. a favour欠某人情
ask a favor请求帮忙1). I am in favor of your suggestion.我赞成你的提议。

2). I talked to Susan about it,
and she’ s
all in favor of going.
我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。

3). Senior ministers spoke in favour of the
proposal.
2). Would you do me a favor and turn off the radio?
点拨】表示“支持，赞同某人 / 某事”除用in favour of 之外；其它常用：
be for sb./sth.
stand by;
stand on one ’ s side
表示“不支持，赞同某人 / 某事”
be against sb./sth.
【拓展延伸】favor vt.赞同；支持The child favors his father with his brown eyes.
这个孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父亲。

【即境活用】 I don ’ t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could ____me a favour. A. make B. do C. find D. get
[ 即学即练 12]
(1)Are you__________________ cloning or __________ cloning?
你是支持还是反对克隆( 技术 )?
(2)There were247votes ______________ the plan and152 against.
有 247 票同意这个计划， 152 票反对。

in favour of; against
in favour of
(3)She ‘s not __________________ the media just now.
目前她没有媒体的捧场。

(4)The exchange rate is _______________ at the moment.
目前汇率对我们有利。

(5)Could you _________________ and pick up Sam from school?
你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
in favour with
in our favour
do me a favour
13．be bound to一定；注定
bound v.跳跃；限制；形成⋯⋯的界线n.跳跃；界线，范围
adj.必然的，一定的；准备到⋯⋯去的be bound to sth.被束缚于某物；
被绑在某物上
be bound to do sth.
一定会、有义务去做某事be bound (for...)准备(去⋯⋯) be bound up in热心于，忙于
be bound up with与⋯⋯有密切关系
I'll be bound...我确信⋯⋯
1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.
明天天气一定会变好。

2). You ’ ve done so much work that
you' re bound to pass the exam.
你下了这么大工夫 ,一定能考及格。

(3)The plane is bound for New York. 这架飞机是飞往纽约的。

(4)He's too bound up in his work to
have much time for his children.
他工作太忙，没有时间多陪孩子们。

1). These problems were almost bound to arise . (arise)
2). Whenyou are dealing with so many patients,mistakes are bound to happen.
[ 即学即练 13]
(1)It‘ s__________________ sunny again tomorrow.
明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。

(2)We _________________ obey the law.我们有义务遵守法律。

bound to be
are bound to
14．in good/bad condition
状况很好 ( 坏) ；情况很好 ( 坏)
be in good condition(＝be in a good state)
( 人) 健康状况好； ( 东西 ) 保存 / 保养得好out of/in bad condition(人)身体不适；( 物) 保养得不好
working/living conditions工作/生活条件
studying conditions学习环境
in difficult conditions在困难的条件下
economic conditions 经济形势
in/under favourable conditions
在有利的形势下
on condition that...在⋯⋯条件下；只
要 ; 倘若⋯⋯
( 相当于 so long as或if)
on this/that condition
在这种 / 那种条件下on no condition一点也不;决不
(1)The car is still in good condition.这车状况仍然良好。

(2)The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.
那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。

1). The ship is not in a condition /is
in no condition to make a long
voyage.
此船的现状不适宜远航。

2). The car is still in excellent
condition .这小车状况极佳。

(3) You must on no condition tell him
what has happened.
你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发
生的事。

(4) I ’ll do it on condition that you pay for everything.
我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费
用。

[ 练习 ] 介词填空。

1). The car has been well maintained and is _______ excellent condition.
2). He’ s _____ excellent condition
____ a man of his age.
3). I had no exercise for ages; I’m really _______ condition.
4). You can go out _______ condition that you wear an overcoat.
Keys:1). in2). in; for 3).
out of4). on
6.retire vi. 退休 ( 役 ) ；退出，撤退；就
寝
1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。

2). Our forces retired to prepared positions.
我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。

retire from...从⋯⋯退休(役)/退出
retire (from...)(to...)退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）
1). He is retiring next year after30 years with the company.
2). She was forced to retire early from ( 提前退出 )teaching because of
ill health.
3). He is a retired airline pilot.
[ 信息提取 ] be appropriate to (for) sth. 适合于⋯⋯的；适当的。

[ 例句仿写 ] 你应当用一种适合你的文章主题的写作风格。

You should write it in a style which________ ________________ ________ ________.
【答案】 is appropriate to your subject
2 ． Is it in favour of cloning or against it?
[ 信息提取 ]in favour of赞成，支持。

[ 例句仿写 ]我对她讲了我们的计划，
她表示赞同。

I have told her about our plan，and she________________________ ________ ________.
【答案】 is in favour of it
3．Dolly ’s death ， like her birth，was bound to raise worries.
[ 信息提取 ]be bound to肯定会。

[ 例句仿写 ]看看天，今天下午一定会
下雨。

Look at the sky，________ ________ ________ ________this afternoon.
【答案】it ’s bound to rain 4．Scientists believe human cloning
is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved
yet.
[ 信息提取 ] a matter of⋯⋯的问题。

[ 例句仿写 ]你应该把这当成一回事，
这是一个生死攸关的问题。

You should take it seriously. It’s
________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________.
【答案】 a matter of life and death
1. Immigration is a controversial
issue in many countries.
移民在很多国家都是一个有争议的问题。

2. They tried their best to run away
from controversial issues.
他们尽力避开有争议的问题。

a controversial public figure
一名有争议的公众人物controversial opinion争议
in vain徒然；白费；无效
We tried in vain to make him change his
mind.
我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。

He tried to object against me for the position, but in vain .
他竭力反对我获取那个职位，但没有成功。

The dog that bites does not bark in vain .
咬人狗，不空吠。

Every attempt to save the
drowning dog was in vain .
搭救那条落水狗的所有努力都失败了。

1.They are not merely content to fill
the stomach.
他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。

2.I accepted this job merely for the
high salary.
我仅仅是因为高薪才接受了这份工
作。

Write of写,记述
Peter wrote of his adventures in the war every week.
彼得每星期都写他在战争中的冒险经历。