牛津译林版英语八年上册Unit1 Friends 知识点巩固提升(含答案)

Unit 1 Friends
1. something to eat / drink
形容词修饰不定代词置后：something important / anything interesting / nothing exciting
某物坏了：__________________________________________________________________
2. some more food：数字+ more + 名词= another + 数字+ 名词
你想要再来两个苹果吗？_________________________ = ___________________________
3. care about：关心，关怀
care for：照顾，喜欢
take care of = look after：照顾
你难道谁也不关心吗？___________________________
What / How about doing sth
Shall we…
Let’s…
4. 表示建议的句型有：Why not = Why don’t you do…
ha d better do…
Don’t…
Would you like to do…
Will you please do…
5. be willing to do sth：愿意做某事
share sth with sb
6. help sb do / with sth
with the help of sb：在某人的帮助下
7. give one’s seat to sb：给某人让座
have / take a seat：坐下
8. in need：有需求的（放在名词后面）
sb / sp be in ne ed of…：某人/某地需要某物
患难见真情_______________________________________ 9. be ready to do sth：准备好做某事
be ready for…：为…做好准备（状态）
get ready for…：为…做准备（动作）
10. make sb do sth
make / look + 形容词：系表结构
11. when引导时间状语从句
walk past：从…经过，路过
sth onto…：将某物撞到…上
knock at / on：敲
over：撞翻，碰倒
down：打倒，撞倒
12. fit 可容纳，装进：They don’t fit under the desk.适合：fit well
适当的，恰当的：be fit for
健康的，结实的：keep fit
too much + 不可数名词，“太多…”
13. much too + 形容词，“太…”
too many + 可数名词复数，“太多…,”
(
) voice：人的声音，说话声，歌唱声，鸟的声音
14. noice：不和谐的喧闹声
sound：大自然的任何声音
15. bored：（人）感到无聊的，厌烦的interested, excited boring：（物）令人感到无聊的interesting, exciting
独自一人时感到无聊。

____________________________________________ 16. high → height：How tall are you = What’s your height 你多高？形容词的比较集合最高级
一、含义：比较两个人或物，用形容词比较级：主语+ 谓语+ 比较级+ than + 比较对象
比较三个或三个以上的人或物，用形容词最高级。

二、构成：(1) 符合规则的
(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词
情况加法例词
一般情况直接加-er; -est tall-taller-tallest
以e结尾的词加–r; -st nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er; -est dry-drier-driest, heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er; -est thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加more; most more delicious, most delicious
原级比较级最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
clever, handsome, polite, simple, stupid可加-er, -est或者more, most
三、用法
1. 比较级的用法
（1）两者比较：
①比较级+ than（带有than的句子常用比较级）
②“more…than…”表示“…比…多”，more后接可数名词复数或不可数名词
③“fewer/ less…than…”表示“…比…少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less 后接不可数名词。

④“和B比起来，更喜欢A”，用sb. like(s) A better than B
（2）比较级前可用much / a lot / far, a little/a bit, even/still等修饰。

但若有very, too, quite等词修饰，则用原级。

（3）表示“越来越…”用“比较级+ and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”
（4）比较级前加the的两种情况：
①“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示“越…，就越…”
越多越好。

The ________, the _______.
②“the + 比较级+ of the two…”表示“两者中比较…的一个”
在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those), one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。

that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。

that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。

（6）和冠词连用
the + 形容词原级＋n(复)，指一类人或物。

the + 形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个。

the younger of the two
a/ an + 形容词比较级。

The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
(a) + most + 形容词最高级，“非常…” a most beautiful city
any other ＋n(单) 适用于范围一致时
（7）比较级+ than (all) other ＋n(复)
any + n(单) 适用于范围不一致时
He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class. any student in my class.
（8）倍数表达法
A is three (four…) times the size (height, length…) of B.
A is three (fou r…) times as big (high, long…) as B.
A is three (four…) times bigger (higher, longer…) than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

2. 最高级的用法
（1）三者或三者以上比较
① the + 最高级。

(带有of…或in…短语的句子常用最高级）副词最高级前的the可以省略。

②“the most”最多，the fewest“最少”修饰可数名词复数；the least“最少”修饰不可数名词。

（2）“one of the + 形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数”表示“最...的...之一”
上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。

Shanghai is ______________________________ in China.
（3）形容词最高级前要加the。

当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指
示代词、名词所有格时，不加the。

（4）最高级中，of/ among后所接内容与主语是同类事物，in后接表示范围的词语或短语。

他是三者中最年轻的。

_______________________________________
3. 最高级与比较级的互换
the + 形容词最高级+ 单数可数名词+ of/ in短语=
形容词比较级+ than any other + 单数可数名词+ of/ in短语4. A is to B what C is to D：A和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。

17. plan(名词)：plan for… / make plans / future plans
plan(动词)：plan to do sth
18. What’s sb like …是什么样的人？（问个性、性格等内在品质）What does he loo k like …长什么样？（问外貌特征）
19. both…and…：两者都…
either…or…：或者…或者…
neither… nor…：既不…也不… 谓语动词遵循就近原则
not onlt…but also…：不但…而且…
我和吉姆都不会去那儿。

_____________________________________
Unit 1 Friends
B卷·能力提升练
一、单项选择
1．—I think the movie we watched just now is interesting.
—Wh y But I think it’s one of ________ movies I have ever seen. A．more interesting B．the least interesting C．less interesting D．the most interesting
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我认为我们刚才看的电影很有趣。

——为什么？但我认为这是我看过的最无趣的电影之一。

考查形容词最高级。

根据one of the+形容词最高级+名词“最……的之一”可知，此处要用the+最高级，排除A、C项；再根据“Why ”和“But”可知，此处是不赞同对方认为电影有趣的观点，相反认为电影很无聊，the least interesting表示“最没趣的”，故选B。

2．—Have you decided what to do next
—No, it depends on what ________ we’ll make from this discussion. A．conclusion B．conversation C．condition D．competition
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你决定下一步做什么了吗——不，这取决于我们从这次讨论中得出什么结论。

考查名词辨析。

conclusion结论；conversation谈话；condition条件；competition竞争。

根据“from this discussion”可知应该是从这次讨论中得出什么结论，故选A。

3．—The boss turned a deaf ear to the ________ of the workers.
—I heard of it long ago.
A．voice B．words C．sounds D．noise
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——老板对工人们的声音充耳不闻。

——我很久以前就听说过。

考查名词辨析。

voice嗓音，说话声；words话语；sounds声音；noise 噪音。

根据“a deaf ear to the ... of the workers”可知此处指工人们的说话声，用voice。

故选A。

4．—It’s raining heavily.
— The radio says it will be ________ worse tomorrow.
A．very B．quite C．too D．far
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——雨下的很大。

——广播说明天会更糟。

考查形容词比较级修饰词。

very非常，常用于修饰形容词原级；quite 相当，常用于修饰名词或副词；too太，也，常用于修饰形容词或副词原级；far非常，可以修饰形容词比较级。

worse是形容词比较级，选项中只有far可以修饰比较级。

故选D。

5．The population in China is ________ than ________ country in the world.
A．much larger; all B．more larger; any
C．much larger; any other D．more larger; no
【答案】C
【详解】句意：中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多。

考查比较级修饰词和不定代词辨析。

all全部的；any任何的；any other 其他别的；no没有。

larger表示“更大的”，是large的比较级，much 用于修饰比较级，而more不可以修饰比较级，前空可排除BD两项；结合语境，“the world”包括了China，作比较时需排除China自身，是说比“其他别的国家”。

故选C。

6．At first, the students didn’t seem ________ with their new teacher. Now they love his lessons.
A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．unhappy
【答案】A
【详解】句意：起初，学生们似乎对他们的新老师不满意。

现在他们喜欢他的课。

考查形容词的用法。

happy高兴的；happily高兴地；happiness高兴；unhappy不高兴的。

seem是连系动词，后加形容词，根据下文“Now they love his lessons.”可知，上文是不高兴的，故选A。

7．With the effort of Chinese government, the life of Tibetans becomes ________.
A．good and good B．well and well C．better and better D．worse and worse
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在中国政府的努力下，西藏人民的生活越来越好。

考查形容词辨析。

good好的；well好地；better更好；worse更坏。

“比较级and 比较级”表示“越来越……”，根据“With the effort of
Chinese government”可知，在中国政府的努力下，西藏人民的生活越来越好。

故选C。

8．Sometimes black creates a strong ________ of helplessness and hopelessness.
A．trust B．feeling C．relationship D．standard
【答案】B
【详解】句意：有时黑色会造成一种强烈的无助感和绝望感。

考查名词辨析。

trust信任；feeling感觉；relationship关系；standard 标准。

“helplessness and hopelessness”都是一种感觉，故选B。

二、阅读单选
The policeman slowly walked along the street. It was barely ten o’clock at night. The wind and light rain had kept most people at home.
Halfway down the street, the policeman saw a man leaning against a door, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him, the man spoke quickly. “It’s all right, officer,” he said. “I’m just waiting here for an old friend. It’s an appoi ntment that was made twenty years ago. You think it funny to plan a meeting like this, don’t you ”
The man lit his cigar. The light showed a pale, square-jawed face with keen eyes. He was very well-dressed.
“Twenty years ago tonight,” the man went on, “I d ined at a
restaurant nearby with my friend Jimmy Wells. I was going to the West to try my luck, but Jimmy wanted to stay. We agreed to meet here again exactly twenty years for that date and time. That’s why I’m here.”
“What happened to your friend ” asked the policeman.
“I’m not sure,” said the man. “We wrote to each other for a while and then stopped. But I’m sure if he is alive, he will keep his promise. We said we would meet at ten o’clock.”
“OK, I’ll be on my way. Good night.”
The policeman continued on his way; Bob waited about twenty minutes. Then, a tall man went straight to the waiting man.
“Is that you, Bob ” asked the newcomer.
“Is that you, Jimmy ” cried the man in the door. “You’ve grown so tall. Let me have a good look at you. You don’t look any thing like Jimmy.” “You’re right,” said the tall man. “I’m a police officer. You are wanted by the New York police. But, before we go to the police station, here’s a note from your friend Jimmy Wells.”
Bob opened the small piece of paper. His hands shook as he read. Bob,
I was on my way to meet you as we had planned. However, when you lit your cigar, I saw it was the face of a man that is wanted by the police. Somehow, I couldn’t do it myself. So I sent another
police officer to do the job.
Jimmy
11．It is implied in the first three paragraphs that Bob was _________. A．cold and hungry B．excited and nervous
C．eager and feared D．calm and patient
12．Bob had expected that _________.
A．Jimmy was still alive B．Jimmy would break his promise C．Jimmy was a police officer D．Jimmy had grown very tall 13．The underlined “do it” refer to _________.
A．meet Bob B．talk to Bob C．leave a note to Bob D．arrest Bob 14．Which is NOT true
A．Jimmy wasn’t a police officer.
B．Bob had believed in Jimmy before the meeting.
C．It was risky for Bob to keep the appointment.
D．Jimmy recognized Bob when he lit the cigar.
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．D
14．A
Still in shock! I moved around the house purposelessly trying to decide what to put into the suitcases (行李箱). Earlier that evening, I’d received a call te lling me that my brother was killed in a car
accident. “Come as soon as you can.” cried my mother.
I wanted to hurry to her at once. But my husband, Larry, and I were packing to move from New York to Seattle. Our house was in total mess. Supper dishes sat on the kitchen table. Toys lay everywhere. I purposelessly picked things up and put them down. Mother’s crying went through my head again and again.
Larry called some friends to tell them what had happened. Someone asked to speak to me. “If there’s anythin g I can do, let me know.” But I didn’t know what to ask for.
Suddenly, the doorbell rang. It was Emerson. He and his wife Donna lived in the block nearby.
“I’ve come to clean your shoes,” he said.
I asked him to repeat.
“Donna had to stay with the baby,” he said, “but we want to help you. I remember when my father died, it took me hours to clean our shoes for the funeral (葬礼). Give me all your shoes.”
I gathered all our dirty shoes to the kitchen. Emerson got to work right away. Watching him devoting himself to one task helped me pull my own thoughts into order. I told myself to wash clothes first. Then, Larry and I bathed the children and put them to bed. One job after another.
When we returned to clear the dishes, Emerson had left. All our
shoes stood in a line against the wall, clean, shining. I couldn't help crying. Early next morning, we left for the airport with all the jobs done.
Now whenever I hear of a friend who’s lost a loved one, I no longer call with the polite offer, “If there's anything I can do ...” Instead I try to think of one specific task that suits that man’s need, like taking the dog to the boarding kennel, or house-sitting during the funeral. If the person asks, “How did you know I needed that one ” I reply, “Because a man once cleaned my shoes.”
15．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．The writer’s house was in a mess.
B．The writer’s mother was very sad about her son's death. C．The writer heard the sad news from her mom and had no idea of what to do.
D．The writer was ready to go to Seattle.
16．The writer didn’t know what to put into the suitcases because _________.
A．she couldn’t do it on her own
B．she was too sad to do anything
C．she wanted to take everything to Seattle
D．she was not good at doing housework
17．__________ before the writer washed the clothes.
A．Emerson came to clean the shoes B．The couple bathed the children
C．They cleared the supper dishes D．The writer found the shoes cleaned
18．If one of her friends has lost a loved one, what will the writer probably NOT do
A．Call her friend to ask what she can do.
B．Look after her friend’s young children.
C．Take her friend’s dog to the boarding kennel.
D．Offer her friend house-sitting during the funeral. 19．Which sentence best expresses the theme(主题) of this story A．One person’s loss is another’s gain.
B．An act of kindness is often rewarded.
C．A near neighbor is better than a brother far off.
D．Do something specific to help those in need.
【答案】15．C
16．B
17．A
18．A
19．D。