Business English复习题
商务英语试题及答案大全
商务英语试题及答案大全一、选择题1. Which of the following is not a common business practice?A. Negotiating contractsB. Attending business meetingsC. Playing video gamesD. Networking with professionals答案：C2. What is the most important aspect of business communication?A. Using technical jargonB. Being concise and clearC. Using humor extensivelyD. Speaking loudly答案：B3. In international business, what is the primary purpose of cultural awareness?A. To make jokes about other culturesB. To avoid misunderstandings and conflictsC. To criticize other culturesD. To show off one's own culture答案：B二、填空题4. When writing a business proposal, it is crucial to include a(n) ________ section that outlines the benefits of your product or service.答案：benefits5. In a business setting, it is polite to address someone as________ if you do not know their name or title.答案：sir/madam6. When conducting market research, it is important to gather ________ data to make informed decisions.答案：reliable三、阅读理解题Read the following passage and answer the questions.In today's global market, businesses are constantly lookingfor ways to expand their reach and increase their customer base. One effective strategy is to enter into partnershipswith companies in other countries. This not only opens up new markets but also allows for the sharing of resources and expertise. However, such partnerships require carefulplanning and negotiation to ensure that both parties benefit equally.7. What is one advantage of partnering with a foreign company? 答案：Opens up new markets8. What is necessary for a successful international partnership?答案：Careful planning and negotiation9. What should be the goal of such partnerships?答案：Ensuring that both parties benefit equally四、写作题10. Write a short email to a potential business partner, introducing your company and expressing interest in exploring a partnership.[Your Name][Your Position][Your Company Name][Your Contact Information]Dear [Recipient's Name],I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name] and I am the [Your Position] at [Your Company Name]. We have been following your company's work in [specific field/industry] and are impressed by your achievements.We believe that a partnership between our two companies could be mutually beneficial. Our company specializes in [briefly describe your company's expertise], and we think that our strengths could complement yours in [specific areas of potential collaboration].We would like to propose a meeting to discuss this further. Please let us know if you are interested and available for a call or video conference at your earliest convenience.Looking forward to the possibility of working together.Best regards,[Your Name]答案：(写作题无固定答案，以上为参考模板)请注意，以上内容为示例性质，实际的商务英语试题及答案可能会根据具体的教学大纲和考试要求有所不同。
商务英语复习题及答案
商务英语复习题1.The most important thing for you is to the climate there first.A. used toB. use toC. be used toD. use2.I still have something.A. to be doneB. didC. doingD. to do3.My teacher told me again.A. not to be lateB. don,t be lateC. to not be lateD. not to late4.Only of the students passed the exam.A. two-fifthB. two-fiveC. two-fifthsD. second-five5.They didn,t go swimming today the bad weathe r.A. asB. because ofC. becauseD. in spite of6.She required that he the books soon he borrowed from her.A. returnB. returnedC. would returnD. returns7.Though Jim is only 20 , he is an engineer of our factory.A. experienceB. experiencingC. experiencedD. experimental8.Since I was a child we in America.A. liveB. have livedC. livedD. were living9.Could you lend me your bike? Mine was broken and it neededA. repairingB. be repairedC. to repairD. repaired10.You should start early you won,t get stuck in the traffic.A. now thatB. so thatC. in orderD. lest11.1know, this musician lived in China.A. As soon asB. As long as1.As far as D. As well as12.It is essential we to decide whether television is a blessingor a curse.A. must tryB. tryC. have triedD. are trying13.He is seriously in computer games.A. engageB. addictedC. absorbedD. related14.She is the only one of the girls who the violin well.A. playB. playsC. playedD. should play15.She,s thirsty because she forgot a drink with her.A. to bringB. bringingC. to have broughtD. to be bring16.It was not long the news spread and people from all over theworld came to visit this miracle of nature.A. afterB. beforeC. untilD. when17.The smaller the house is,.A. the less pay youB. the less you pay for itC. you pay the lessD. the less you paying for it18.Although at times, learning a language was frustrating, it was well the effort.A. worthB. worthyC. deserveD. deserving19.He's sleeping. He's to be cleaning his room.A. knownB. supposedC. regardedD. considered20.Her mother objected to the young man, though he had a lot ofmoney.A. her marrying withB. marryingC. marryD. her marrying21.I have some difficulty _D_ my spoken English. That is to say it is difficult me to speak English.A. in; ofB. with; ofC. in ; forD. with ; for22.Which do you prefer _D_, tea or coffee?A. betterB. bestC. toD./23.My teacher told me —A_ again.A. not to be lateB. don't be lateC. to not be lateD. not to late24.It shows what has happened _B_ the forests of the USA in the last 300 years.A. onB. toC. forD. with25.How much did you C_ repairing the bike ?A. payB. useC. spendD. take26.The schools in Shanghai are not different from —A—.A. those in BeijingB. that of BeijingC. BeijingD. Beijing students27.Her voice _B a bird.A. sounds asB. sounds likeC. is sounded likeD. is sounded as28.Beijing is C city in China.A. largestB. second largestC. the second largestD. the second large29.Please remember to keep in A with me through e-mail whenyou are abroad.A. touchB. troubleC. promiseD. approval30.—A he can recover soon, I don't mind how much money I have to pay.A. So long asB. So far asC. In caseD. When31.He made _C_ progress that he did very well in the exam.A. such a rapidB. so rapidC. such rapidD. so rapid a32.We adopted the new ways with a view to A our efficiency.A. raiseB. raisingC. riseD. rising33.The report showed us clearly how the car got D and crashed at last.A. into controlB. under controlC. within controlD. out of control34.I didn,t know the word. I had to C a dictionary.A. look outB. make outC. refer toD. goover35.The rules of safe driving D to everyone.A. adoptB. approachC. attachD. apply36.What a lovely party ! It,s worth __B all our lives.A. to rememberB. rememberingC. to be rememberedD. being remembering37. A you are on your own, you can make your own decisions.A. Now thatB. WhenC. AsD. Because of38.His courage and confidence were based C knowledge.A. ofB. toC. onD. for39.Joan has been B on her sick mother for years.A. attainingB. attendingC. attemptingD. attracting40.You must be in a hurry, otherwise, you can,t C the schoolbus.A. keep up withB. getC. catchD. catch up withTask 2 (每题1分，共10分)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.21.Neither the clerks nor the manager (know) knows _anything about the accident now.22.He has to check the (spell) —spelling of a difficult word before he uses it.23.He knows even (little)Less about the Olympic Games than I do.24.The street is a very (desire)desirabie place for you toopen a new store.25.The police promised that they (try)wouldtry their bestto look into the matter.26.Most of the people (invite)invited to the dinner partyyesterday were my friends.27.This is a very (danger)dangerous road; there were atleast five serious accidents last year.28.During the earthquake the room (shake)shook and all thepictures fell off the wall.29.This is my (favor)favorite novel, and I have read itthree times..30.The teacher didn,t mind (help)helping the students in herspare time.31.His teacher is busy (correct)correcting papers.32.They are (eager)eagerly waiting for the coming of NewYear.33.He rushed out (hurry )hurriedly.34.I,ll have my mother (mend)_mend the shirt for you.35.I sincerely thank you for your (invite)invitaion to theparty.36.Which job is (dangerous) moer dangerous, a police,s or a fireman,s ?37.What she said (surprise)suprised me.38.Most of the students don,t know the (important)importance of the event.39.Playing table tennis is my (favor)favorite sport.40.We have been informed the (equip) equipment will bearriving here in ten days.Part II ReadingDirections: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1 (每题1分，共5分)Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice.To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention of your audience; you must be a clever speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of an actor doesn't mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher,s work and actor,s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play; they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they do n,t understand something, they say no. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. He can,t learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.1.The word “gifts” in Line One means C.A. presentsB. clevernessC. something belongs to a good actorD. the way a teacher should act in class2.In what way is a teacher,s work different from an actor,s? CA.The teacher must learn everything by heart.B.He knows to control his voice better than an actor.C.He has to deal with unexpected situations.D.He has to use more facial expressions.3.There are some similarities between teachers and actors except —D.A. a good, strong and pleasing voiceB.the ability to hold the attention of the listenersC.you must be a clever speakerD.the ability to control unexpected situation4.Which of the following is TRUE ? AA. A teacher cannot decide beforehand what exactly he is going to say in class.B. A teacher must have better memory than an actor.C. A teacher's voice must be nicer than an actor.D. A teacher has to learn by heart what exactly he is going to say in class.5.According to the passage, which is the best title ? BA.How to Become a Good Actor.B.Teachers and Actors.C.How to Become a Good Teacher.D. A Good Teacher.Task 2 （每题1分，共5分）Directions: This task is the same as Task l.First impressions are often lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what is called “halo (光环)e ffect”.This means that if you are viewed positively within the critical first four minutes, the person you have met will likely assume everything you do is positive.Four minutes. Studies tell us that is the critical period in which impressions are forme d by someone we,ve just met. People tend to focus on what they see (dress, eye contact, movement), on what they hear (how fast or slowly we talk, our voice, tone and volume), and on our actual words.Most employers believe that those who look as if they care about themselves are more likely to care about their jobs. We know “It,s what's inside that counts, ” but research shows that physic attractive people are generally perceived by employers as more intelligent, likable and believable.Here,s how to make those critical four minutes count:First, look your best. It signals success. Studies have linked clothing consciousness to high self-respect and job satisfaction.Second, monitor your body language. How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer's first impression of you.Third, say what you mean. Your goal is to show confidence and be believed. Hold that favorable first impression by making your words consistent with your body language and appearance.Finally, there is a matter of how you speak. Any professional voice coach will tell you that you can learn how to sound more relaxed, more assertive（坚定的）,and more confident.6.What kind of person is to be accepted by the employer? DA.One who is physically excellent.B.One who is capable of talking.C.One who is fairly modest?D.One who cares about oneself.7.When people meet you for the first time, they will A.A.notice all your behaviorsB.listen to you patientlyC.try to avoid eye-contact with youD.act as friendly as possible8.If you want to benefit from the so-called “halo-effect”, you have to learn how to C.A.create a lasting impressionB.act as if you were playing cardsC.make the first impression rightD.be critical within the first four minutes9.In the sentence “It,s what,s inside that counts,” (L.3, Para.3) what do es the word “count” mean? DA.Do calculation.B.Make a conclusion.C.Take into consideration.D.Be important.10.Which of the following could probably be the title of this passageBA.Be More ConfidentB.The Deepest Impression.C.The Attractive Four MinutesD.How to Impress InterviewersTask 3 (每题1分，共5分)Directions: The following is an article. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 11 through15 in the table below.Experience two great theme parks in one Resort——Disney,s California Adventure park and right next door Disneyland park. Just footsteps away, extraordinary entertainment, shopping and dining await in the Downtown Disney District. And when you and your family stay at one of the Hotels of the Disneyland Resort, you,re right in the middle of all the magic!And now, one child receives a free Disneyland Resort Park Hopper Ticket with each adult ticked purchased in a Disney vacation package. You can go back and forth between Parks as often as you like.Discover the friendly faces and magical places of the Disneyland Resort and see why thisspectacular destination is more vacation magic than you could ever imagine!Disney VacationThere are two great theme parks in the great resort: Disney,s California Adventure Park and _11—Disneyland Park.In the Downtown Disney District you can have extraordinary entertainment,—12. shopping and_13dining .Andnow, one child receives a _14_free Disneyland Resort Parkticket with each 15_ adult ticket purchased in a vacation package.G ------ high rate savings currencyI ----- authorized signatureK ------- not transferableM ------- demand depositO ------- only valid in this country Q ------- repayableExamples: (F)注销帐户16.( G )高息储蓄17.( O )国内有效18.( K )不得转让B ------ fixed depositD ------ a ccounts payableF ----- c ancel an accountH ------ receipt in foreignJ ------ i nterest rateL ------ t he sum of the depositN ------ credit cardP ------ received from(C)不可撤消信用证( I )授权签章(B )定期存款Task 4 (每题1分，共5分)Directions: The following is a list of kitchen items. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the proper letters in the bracketsA ------- c urrent accountC -------irrevocable creditE ------ open an account(A )活期帐户19.(H )外币存单(N )信用卡20.( E )开户(J )利率Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1 (每题1分，共5分)Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice.Everyone knows the small insects called mosquito. It is possible to find mosquitoes in almost every part of the world except in the places where it is extremely cold or where it is very dry. During the summer, it is almost certain that you can find many mosquitoes near swamps(沼泽)，ponds, and lakes.Mosquitoes have an interesting life cycle. The female mosquito bites a person or animal in order to get some blood. She needs this blood before she can lay her eggs.Second, she flies to an area of water and deposits （存放）her eggs in the water. In a few days the eggs open, and the baby mosquitoes , called larvae, come out . In a short time, they will be mature and fly away.It is interesting to note that only the female will bite for blood. She has aspecial mouth which can go into an animal's skin or a person's skin. On the other hand, the male mosquito can only drink plant juices with his mouth.1.The author suggests that all mosquitoes like BA . blood B. wet areas C. cold water D. dry climates2.Only the A will bite for blood.A. femaleB. mosquitoC. maleD. baby mosquitoesrvae are C.A. mosquito eggsB. animal skinC. baby mosquitoesD. male mosquitoes4.Female mosquitoes lay eggs _D.A. in human bloodB. in plant juicesC. in cold areasD. in water5.The male mosquito —A with his mouth.A. can only drink plant juicesB. can get bloodC. can eat anythingD. Both A and BTask 2 （每题1分，共5分）Directions: This task is the same as Task l.We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn,t even lift her eyesfrom the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me tosit down. When I watched, mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor s.”“Yes. I,m glad they,ve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren,t you working late?” Mum just pushed harder, each swipe of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back . Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door,Mum nodded politely to the nurse a nd said, “Thank you.”Outside , Mum told me: “Dagmar is fine. No fever.”“You saw her, Mum?”“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect me until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It,s a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.”6.When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was C.A. to clean the floorB. to please the nurseC. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-teller7.When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a D.A. nurseB. visitorC. patientD. cleaner8.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? BA.It is a children,s hospitalB.It has strict rules about visiting hours.C.The nurses and doctors there don,t work hard.D. A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.9.Why did Mum go to see Dagmar in the hospital ?D.A.To give her some message about Dad.B.To make sure her room was clean.C.To check that she was still there.D.To find out how she was.10.Which of the following words best describe Mum?AA. cleverB. patientC. changeable d. politeTask 3 （每题1分，共5分）Directions: The following is an article. After reading it, you should complete theinformation by filling in the blanks marked 11 through 15 in the table below.All of us who live a busy life may ask this question: how can I find time to read? The answer may be 15 minutes a day at any time. No universal formula can be prescribed; each of us must find our own 15-minute period each day. It is better if it is regular.The only requirement is the will to read. With it you can find the 15 minutes no matter how busy the day is. And you must have the book at hand. Not even seconds of your 15 minutes should be wasted starting to read. Set the book out in advance. Put it into your pocket when you dress. Put another book beside your bed. Place one in your bathroom. Keep one near your dining table.You can,t escape reading 15 minutes a day, and that means you will read half a book a week, 2 books a month, 20 a year, and 1,000 or more in a lifetime reading. It,s an easy way to become well read.How to Find Time to ReadThe suitable time may be 11_minutes a day at any time.It,ll be better if 12_it is regular.The only requirement is the 13_ will to read.You must have the book at hand in order not to waste even seconds of your 15 minutes to_14 start to read.If you can keep on , it will be an easy way to become _15_ well readTask 4 （每题1分，共5分）Directions: The following is a list of kitchen items. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the proper letters in the bracketsA——fridge B ----- cupboardC ---- cookerD ----- oven gloveE ---- microwaveF ----- draining boardG ---- dishes H ----- washing machineI ----- dishwasher J ------- toasterK ----- food processor L ------ fire extinguisherM ----- breadboard N ------- w astebasketO ----- dishclothExamples : (M)面包片加热器16.(K )食品加工器(H )洗衣机17( E )微波炉(J )烤炉18.(A )冰箱(N )废纸篓19.(I )洗碗机(L )灭火器20.(B )碗柜(C )橱具Part III TranslationDirections: This part numbered 61 through 65 is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each sentence, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. And write your translation in the corresponding space at last.1.It is not until the day before yesterday that he was aware of the truth.A.直到前天他也没有意识到真相。
bec商务英语考试题
bec商务英语考试题Business English Certificate (BEC) ExamIntroduction:The Business English Certificate (BEC) exam is a widely recognized international examination that assesses individuals' English language proficiency in a business context. It is designed for professionals who use English for work or those who wish to enhance their career prospects. This article aims to provide an overview of the BEC exam, its format, and tips for successful preparation.1. What is the BEC exam?The BEC exam, developed by Cambridge Assessment English, consists of three levels: BEC Preliminary, BEC Vantage, and BEC Higher. Each level assesses different language skills required in business settings, ranging from everyday business tasks to more complex language functions.2. Exam Format:The BEC exam combines both written and spoken components to evaluate candidates' English proficiency. The exact format may vary slightly between levels, but generally includes the following sections:2.1 Reading:Candidates are presented with authentic texts, such as business articles, reports, and correspondence. They are required to read and comprehend the information provided, answer questions, and demonstrate an understanding of key ideas and details.2.2 Writing:In the writing section, candidates are usually asked to complete various tasks, such as writing emails, memos, reports, or business letters. Clear communication, accurate language use, and proper organization of ideas are crucial for success.2.3 Listening:The listening section measures candidates' ability to understand spoken English in business-related contexts. They will listen to recordings of conversations, interviews, presentations, or discussions, and answer questions based on the information they hear.2.4 Speaking:The speaking section assesses candidates' ability to communicate effectively in spoken English. It usually involves interacting with an examiner or partner in simulated business situations. Candidates are evaluated on their fluency, coherence, vocabulary, and grammar.3. Preparation for the BEC exam:Here are some tips to help you prepare for the BEC exam and maximize your chances of success:3.1 Familiarize yourself with the exam format:Understanding the structure and requirements of each section will allow you to focus your preparation and develop specific strategies tailored to each component.3.2 Enhance your vocabulary:Expand your business-related vocabulary by reading articles, books, and resources on various business topics. Make word lists and practice using the words in context to improve your lexical range.3.3 Develop your reading and listening skills:Engage in regular reading of business materials, such as newspapers, magazines, and online articles. Similarly, listen to podcasts, TED talks, or business-related audio materials to improve your comprehension skills.3.4 Practice writing business documents:Regularly practice writing different types of business documents, paying attention to the appropriate language, structure, and style. Seek feedback from teachers, colleagues, or online communities to improve your writing skills.3.5 Improve your speaking skills:Engage in conversations in English with colleagues, friends, or language partners. Focus on fluency, pronunciation, and expressing your ideas clearly. Practice typical business scenarios, such as negotiations, presentations, and meetings, to build confidence in spoken English.Conclusion:The BEC exam is a valuable qualification for individuals seeking to enhance their business English skills. With proper preparation and practice, you can increase your chances of success in this internationally recognized exam. Remember to tailor your study plan to the specific requirements ofeach exam component, and seek guidance from teachers or resources designed for BEC preparation. Good luck!。
商务英语复习题及答案
商务英语复习题及答案第一篇：商务英语复习题及答案商务英语复习资料Section ⅠDirections: fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1.When granting(按揭贷款)loan to individuals, banks should closely evaluateany assets being put up as collateral.2.A tax（避税地）is a place where certain taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all.3.A joint(合资企业)(often abbreviated JV)is an entity formed between two ormore parties to undertake economic activity nd （地产储备）is the practice of purchasing land with the intent to hold on toit until such a time as it is highly profitable to sell it on to others for substantially more thanwas initially paid.5.Banks provide loan（过渡性贷款）to help the borrowers to bridge the gap in timebetween buying a new house and selling the old house.6.Averages are of two kinds：average（一般海损）and particular average.7.A golden(金降落伞)is a clause(or several)in an executive’s employmentcontract specifying that they will receive certain significant benefits if their employment isterminated when their company is acquired.8.Different companies in different nations will have their own advantages，which decide theirpositions in the world industrial.(产业链)9.The exchange（比价）today is 300 Japanese yen to thepanies that sell world-wide have benefited from economies of（规模经济）11.(保证金)money is money given to the seller as a first payment by the buyer toshow that he agrees to the contract of sale and intends to honor it.12.The rate（比价）today is 300 Japanese yen to the pound.13.(不清洁提单)B/L is one into which the ship-owners have put a clause stating that theconditions of the goods or packing when received were unsatisfactory.14.A note(贷项通知单)is a monetary instrument issued by a seller that allows abuyer to purchase an item or service from that seller on a future date.15.(国际贸易术语解释通则)are a set of international rules published by theInternational Chamber of Commerce，Paris，for deciding the exact meaning of the chief termsused in foreign-trade contracts.Sectio n ⅡDirections: translate the following terms and expressions from Chinese into English.2.百货批发（general wholesale）3.半成品（semi-finished product或intermediate goods）4.报关（declare sth at customs或apply to customs）5.不冻港（ice-free port或open port）6.法人（artificial person或legal person或legal entity）7.多式联运（multimodaltransport或forwarding）8.多米诺(骨牌)效应（domino effect）9.集装箱（container）10.AA制（go Dutch 或go fifty-fifty）11.处理价（bargain price或reduced price）12.报盘（quotation）13.净重（net weight）14.唛头（shipping marks）15.不可抗力（an act ofGod与force majeure）16.代理人（man of business）17.舱位（shipping space）18.1.跨国公司（multinational company或transnational corporation或MNC）超前消费（excessive consumption）Section ⅢDirections: translate the following terms and expressions from English into Chinese.1.go Dutch（AA制）2.force majeure （不可抗力）3.best-seller（畅销）4.shelf life（pull date保质期）5.BRIC group（金砖四国） weight（净重）7.bill of exchange（draft汇票）8.trade quotas（贸易配额）9.adverse balance（逆差）10.bar code（条形码）11.offer（报价或报盘）12.pyramid selling（传销）13.counter-offer（还价或还盘）14.domino effect（多米诺骨牌效应）15.artificial person（legal person法人）16.down-market goods（低档货）17.Bretton Woods system（布雷顿森林体系18.cash on delivery（货到付款）19.futures market（期货市场）20.break even（收支平衡）Section ⅣDirections: translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.1.我们通常用个案分析为客户提供咨询服务。
《商务英语》复习题(含答案)
《商务英语》复习题（含答案）选择填空-As you know, I'm not quite familiar with how to shop online-It's a piece of cake! I'll show you how to do it.First of all, you should find a good e-commerce site.Consumerscan't digest too much information on a web page, resulting in low rates of return.-Great! Maybe from now on, I should try to buy goods online.-Why not? Go ahead. Just give it a try.I know personal selling is also a very effective tool for building up buyers' confidence.-I think we can use two or more kinds of media together in an advertisingcampaign.-That's quite right. We can attract morepeople.In China, Taobao is one of the most popular e-commerce sites.In my opinion, the first thing to be discussed iswhat tools we should use.It can be aimed at individuals with select surfing behavior.-Morning, Daniel. Today I'd like to discuss the promotional events of ourproducts with you.-Ok. I think we should draw up a thorough plan,first.-Uh, I think online shopping is very time-consuming.-I somewhat agree with you, but not completely.As it is known that the aim of every business is to make asmuch profit as possible.-But why is it so much higher in this market?-There are many rich people in this area.-I wonder if you are able to offer market exclusivity for all of China?-Thank you for your interest in representingour product.-It seems that the sales volume has not reached our objective.-It's true. I'm sorry about that.-Ok, what are your initial thoughts on ourcomputers in China? Is there amarket?-I am very optimistic about the marketopportunities in China.Sometimes it takes up over half the total time spent on a researchproblem.This is one of the main ways that a business learns what customers want.We are full of confidence in the Chinese market.-We are now looking for agents to conver southern China.-Excellent.I'm very familiar with the market there.When data has been collected, it has to be analyzed to decide what it allmeans.-How soon will you finish our TV commercial?-It will take at least three weeks.-What is your intention after resigning yourcurrent job?-I'm planning to go to Canada for further study.-How often does your department hold a meeting?-Once a week.-Which edition would you like youradvertisementto appear in?-We would like to get in with the fall publication, if possible.It will take at least two weeks just to get the storyboard written up.Our advertising rates are based on size and location.Remember we want to create a forward-looking image as well as increase the awareness of our brand.The Digital Image Processing of this copier is a prime reason you can count on it.The Smart Color Laser Copier is comparable to professional editing.-This is Focus Advertising Agency. How may I help you?-I need some information on the advertisingrates of your magazines.-What does taxable income refer to?-In most cases, it is the total income received.-Generally speaking, value added tax is mainly charged on the taxable services.-Well,what do you mean by that?The higher our income is,themore tax we should pay.Denial, do you know how to register with the taxation bureau now?-Is there any time requirement for registration?-Certainly. We should register,within 30 days after we receive our business license.Mobile banking functions nearly the same as telephone banking.-Need we fill in the application form?-Yes, you must.Tax,which can be used in public services, is veryimportant to our country.You should make sure that your password is long enough to prevent it from being easily hacked.-You want to know about the value added tax, don't you?-Yes, could you give me a brief overview of it?-How is everything going?-It is not bad. I have worked in this bank for two years and I love my currentjob.-Do you mean that deposits and withdrawals areposted to my account immediately?-Yes, we process cash transactions as soon asthey take place.-Hi, Wang Li, is that you? Long time no see.-Yes, it's been ages. It's nice to see youhere.-How about your friend, Li Yan? Does she work in the same department with you?-She is an assistant auditor and works in theauditing department.I have just changed some dollars into RMB.Many of the larger banks may deal in financial instruments.Online computer systems help us provide a speedy service to our customers.The Operations Department is the one which takes care mostof the day-to-daybusiness of the bank.What a coincidence! I didn't expect to meet you here.-Your bank is huge! It must have many departments.-It's true. Our bank consists of many departments.-Can we discuss the question of commodityinspection?-OK. As an integral part of the contract, theinspection of goods is particularly important.Needless to say, our customer was veryhappy with the quality of service.-But in your case, we strongly recommend War Risks and WPA.-OK, then please cover both War Risks and WPAfor us.-I suggest that you conduct a commodity re-inspection in a month.-That sounds good, but I'd like to know howmuch time it will take.-I'd like to know what insurance you will cover for your clients.-I suggest a Free of Particular Average Policy.-Now shall we move on to the next question?-Sure. Let's talk about the time of shipmentand payment.The sandbags stopped her property from being flooded.We'll accept the goods only if the results fromthe two inspections areidentical.What's the insurance rate for the shipment?Who issues the inspection certificate?-Could I suggest we meet to review the issue and propose a mutually satisfactorysolution?-Sure, we will try our best jointly to dealwith the issue.Consumption and investment, meanwhile, accounted for 4.5 and 1.2 percentage points offirst-quarter growth respectively.-Could I suggest we meet to review the issue and propose a mutually satisfactorysolution?-Sure, we will try our best jointly to dealwith the issue.-I'm afraid the goods we received yesterday are short of weight.-I'm sorry to say the shipment didn't turn outto be satisfactory.-Is it possible to find alternative payment terms for this order?-I'm afraid not. We insist on a letter ofcredit.-So could you make an exception and accept D/P?-I shall tell you frankly it would drasticallyincrease our riskThe company owns branches not only in Europe but also in North America.We enclose a copy of the statement for your reference.-We regret we cannot review your weight-shortage claim as it really has nothingto do with us.-But 15 tons of goods can't simply disappearinto thin air.We won't entertain your claim unless you have the inspection certification from theCommodity Inspection Bureau.You should be confident with our products,which enjoys a high prestige among the consumers.No matter what it may lead to, they always pursue the profitmaximization.A healthy diet should contain all the necessary nutrients.-How can people avoid food contamination nowadays?-The government should set strict rulestostandardize the production of food.-I'd like to have credit information about my corporate partner in Australia.-Well, our department deals with all kinds ofconsultant service.It assures that you are dealing with a trustworthy business partner.Nowadays, more and more attention is being paid to Business Ethics.The only thing for you to do is to fill in a form and sign it.-What do I have to do to get the credit information of our corporate partner?-It's not complicated. Just fill in a form andsign it.-What should a healthy diet contain?-A healthy diet should contain all theessential nutrients.-Why does food contamination seem to occur so frequently these days?-Because those food manufacturers only focus onmaking money.翻译题Actually, I have been thinking about online shopping for a long time.事实上，我一直考虑网上购物已有很长时间了。
商务英语(Business English)
1、情景对话
How do you do?
你好。（只限于初次见面时使用。）
How do you do?
你好。（只限于初次见面时使用。本句是对上句的回答。）
Pleased to meet you.
见到你很高兴。
Pleased to meet you, too.
见到你，我也很高兴。
How are you?
customs tariff关税税率
term of trade贸易条件
trade agreement贸易协定
commercial treaty贸易条约
3、其他
the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会
2001年7月16日
（十）
1、情景对话
Could you give me a discount?
星期四早晨呢？
Yes, that’s fine.
有空。
2、商务术语
establish regular trade relations建立经常贸易关系
balance of trade贸易差额
volume of trade = turnover贸易额
law of trade贸易法
2001年6月18日
（六）
可以打折吗？
It depends on the size of the order.
这取决于你的订购数量。
If I buy 50 units, will you give me a discount?
如果买五十台，可以打折吗？
I’ll give you a 20% discount if you buy 200.
We employ 2,000 people.
businessenglish复习题
businessenglish复习题Business English复习题在如今全球化的商业环境中，掌握良好的商务英语能力变得越来越重要。
无论是在国际贸易、跨国公司还是商务会议中，流利的商务英语都能帮助我们与全球伙伴进行有效的沟通和合作。
为了提高商务英语水平，我们需要不断地进行复习和练习。
下面是一些常见的商务英语复习题，希望能帮助大家巩固知识。
一、选择题1. What does ROI stand for?a) Return on Investmentb) Rate of Interestc) Return on Income2. Which of the following is NOT a type of business organization?a) Sole proprietorshipb) Partnershipc) Corporationd) Entrepreneurship3. Which of the following is an example of a soft skill?a) Programmingb) Negotiationc) Accountingd) Marketing4. What does SWOT analysis stand for?a) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threatsb) Sales, Workforce, Operations, Technologyc) Strategy, Workflow, Organization, Training5. What is the purpose of a mission statement?a) To define a company's goals and valuesb) To analyze market trendsc) To create a marketing plan二、填空题1. The company's ____________ strategy focuses on expanding into new international markets.2. The CEO is responsible for making ____________ decisions that affect the entire organization.3. The sales team needs to ____________ their targets for the next quarter.4. The company's ____________ department is in charge of managing employee benefits.5. The marketing team conducted a ____________ to gather feedback from customers.三、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
商务英语试题及答案
商务英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a common business activity?A. MarketingB. ProductionC. Human ResourcesD. Personal Hobbies2. What does the abbreviation "CEO" stand for?A. Chief Executive OfficerB. Chief Engineering OfficerC. Chief Education OfficerD. Chief Environmental Officer3. In a business context, what does "B2B" refer to?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Environment4. When writing a business email, which of the following is NOT recommended?A. Using a professional email addressB. Keeping the subject line clear and conciseC. Writing in all capital lettersD. Including a signature with contact information5. The term "due diligence" is commonly used in which of the following scenarios?A. Preparing a business planB. Conducting an auditC. Negotiating a merger or acquisitionD. Organizing a product launch6. What is the purpose of a SWOT analysis in business?A. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a companyB. To outline the company's mission and visionC. To create a financial forecastD. To set sales targets7. Which of the following is NOT a type of business structure?A. Sole ProprietorshipB. PartnershipC. CorporationD. Non-profit organization8. What does "ROI" stand for in business?A. Return on InvestmentB. Risk of InvestmentC. Revenue of InvestmentD. Rate of Investment9. In a negotiation, what is the meaning of "BATNA"?A. Best Alternative to a Negotiated AgreementB. Basic Agreement Terms and NegotiationsC. Business Agreement Trade Negotiations AgreementD. Business Analysis Terms and Negotiations10. Which of the following is a key element of a business proposal?A. Executive summaryB. Personal biographyC. Detailed budget for personal expensesD. List of competitors' weaknesses二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. The process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating potential risks is known as ________.2. A business plan typically includes a section on ________, which outlines the company's goals and strategies.3. In a sales contract, the ________ clause specifies the terms under which the buyer may return the product.4. The ________ is responsible for managing the company's finances and ensuring compliance with financial regulations.5. When a company is looking to expand, it may consider________, which involves entering a new market or creating a new product line.6. The ________ is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of a business agreement.7. A ________ is a type of financial statement that shows a company's income and expenses over a specific period.8. The ________ is the process of evaluating a company's financial performance over time.9. A ________ is a type of business entity that is owned and operated by a single individual.10. The ________ is the process of researching and analyzing the market to understand customer needs and preferences.三、简答题（每题15分，共40分）1. Describe the importance of effective communication in international business and provide examples of potential communication barriers.2. Explain the role of a project manager in a businesssetting and outline the key responsibilities associated with this role.四、案例分析题（20分）Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow:A multinational company is considering entering the Asian market. The company has identified several potential partners for a joint venture. The management team is now preparing for a series of negotiations to determine the best partner for the venture.Questions:1. What factors should the management team consider when evaluating potential partners?2. How can the company ensure that the negotiations are conducted in a culturally sensitive manner?商务英语试题答案一、选择题1. D. Personal Hobbies2. A. Chief Executive Officer3. A. Business to Business4. C. Writing in all capital letters5. C. Negotiating a merger or acquisition6. A. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a company7. D. Non-profit organization8. A. Return on Investment9. A. Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement10. A. Executive summary二、填空题。
business english
• • • • • • • • • • • •
A：家人如何？ How is/are your family? B：他们都很好，谢谢 They are fine, thank you. A：生意如何？ How is your business? B：很好(马马虎虎/不太好/还不错/和平常一样) Very good (just so so/not very good/not bad/It’s the same as usual) A：旅途如何？ How was your trip? B：很好，但是我有点累，因为飞行很长。 Very good, but I am a little tired, because it’s a long trip.
• A:请在这儿等我，我去停车场开车。 • Please wait for me here, I am going to the parting lot to drive my car. • B：好的，没问题。 • Ok, no problem. • A：让我们直接到停车场去吧，因为这儿不好停车。 • Let’s go to the parking lot directly, because it is not convenient here. • B：当然，没问题。 • Of course, no problem.
状况3：第一次和客户见面，找到人后再相互问候 A：对不起，请问您是Blood先生吗？ Excuse me! Are you Mr. Blood? B：是的，正是。 Yes, that’s right. A：噢！林先生，您好！很荣兴认识您（很高兴认 识您） How do you do, Mr. Lin! It’s my pleasure to see you. B：我也很荣幸（我也是） Me too.
商务英语考试题库及答案
商务英语考试题库及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is NOT a common business English phrase?A. "Let's make a deal."B. "I'd like to propose a toast."C. "We need to crunch the numbers."D. "I'm not a fan of your proposal."答案：B2. In a business meeting, what does "table" mean?A. To put something on the table.B. To put a topic aside for later discussion.C. To eat at the table.D. To clean the table.答案：B3. What is the meaning of "blue-sky thinking" in a business context?A. To think about the weather.B. To think creatively and without limitations.C. To think about the sky.D. To think about the color blue.答案：B4. If a business person says "We're in the red," what does this mean?A. They are in debt.B. They are profitable.C. They are in a good mood.D. They are in a bad mood.答案：A5. What does "low-hanging fruit" refer to in business?A. Easy-to-reach fruit on a tree.B. Easy-to-achieve goals or tasks.C. Fruit that is difficult to reach.D. A type of fruit that is not ripe.答案：B二、填空题6. When you want to express that a project is progressing well, you can say, "We are on ________."答案：track7. If you need to discuss a problem with a colleague, you might say, "Let's ________ the issue."答案：touch base8. To express that a decision is final and cannot be changed, you can say, "It's ________ in stone."答案：set9. When you want to emphasize that a meeting is important, you can say, "This is a ________ meeting."答案：must-attend10. If you need to find out more information before making a decision, you might say, "I need to ________ my ducks in a row."答案：get三、阅读理解题阅读以下商务邮件，并回答问题。
商务英语考试试题
商务英语考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common way to address a business letter in English?A) Dear SirB) Dear Sir or MadamC) Dear Mr. SmithD) Hello2. Which of the following is NOT a typical business expense?A) Travel costsB) Office suppliesC) Entertainment expensesD) Personal hobbies3. The term "B2B" refers to:A) Business to BusinessB) Business to ConsumerC) Business to GovernmentD) Business to Businessman4. In a business meeting, it is considered polite to:A) Interrupt othersB) Speak loudlyC) Use your mobile phoneD) Take notes5. Which of the following is a common business Englishacronym?A) ASAP (As Soon As Possible)B) LOL (Laugh Out Loud)C) BRB (Be Right Back)D) TTYL (Talk To You Later)6. The phrase "to break even" in business means:A) To lose moneyB) To make a profitC) To neither gain nor lose moneyD) To borrow money7. What does "ROI" stand for in business?A) Return on InvestmentB) Risk of InvestmentC) Revenue of InvestmentD) Rate of Investment8. Which of the following is a common business negotiation tactic?A) Giving in immediatelyB) Being aggressiveC) Finding a win-win solutionD) Ignoring the other party's needs9. The term "due diligence" refers to:A) Paying attention to detailsB) The process of verifying information before making a decisionC) The process of paying debtsD) The process of collecting debts10. In a business context, "to go public" means:A) To become a government-owned companyB) To become a private companyC) To be listed on a stock exchangeD) To be taken over by another company二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of increasing the value of a company through internal growth or acquisitions is known as ________.12. When a company's stock price falls below a certain level, it is said to be ________.13. A ________ is a document that outlines the details of a proposed business transaction.14. The term ________ is used to describe a situation where a company has more liabilities than assets.15. The ________ is the process of determining the value of a company or its assets.16. A ________ is a type of investment where the investortakes on high risk for the potential of high returns.17. In business, "to ________" means to make a formal request for something, often in writing.18. A ________ is a person who buys and sells goods orservices for their own account, taking on the risk of profitor loss.19. When a company's profits are reinvested into the business, it is known as ________.20. The ________ is the total revenue that a companygenerates from its business operations, before any expensesare deducted.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The globalization of business has brought about significant changes in the way companies operate. With the rise of international trade, companies are no longer confined totheir domestic markets. They are now able to reach out to customers worldwide, offering a wide range of products and services. However, this expansion also brings new challenges. Companies must navigate complex regulatory environments, adapt to different cultural practices, and manage the logistics of operating across multiple time zones.21. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of globalizationB) The challenges of international tradeC) The globalization of businessD) The logistics of operating globally22. According to the passage, what are some of the new challenges that companies face due to globalization?A) Increased competition and higher costsB) Regulatory environments and cultural practicesC) Technological advancements and market saturationD) Financial risks and political instability23. The passage suggests that companies can now:A) Operate only in their domestic marketsB) Reach a global customer baseC) Ignore cultural differencesD) Focus solely on their local regulations24. What does the term "logistics" refer to in the context of the passage?A) The physical distribution of goodsB) The financial management of a companyC) The legal aspects of international tradeD) The cultural adaptation of a company25. The passage implies that globalization has:A) Limited the scope of business operationsB) Increased the complexity of business operationsC) Reduced the need for international tradeD) Decreased the variety of products and services available 四。
business english 英语考试
business english 英语考试Business English Exam: Tips and StrategiesBusiness English is a crucial skill for professionals working in an international setting. Being proficient in this field not only improves communication within the workplace, but also enhances career opportunities and networking capabilities. Taking a Business English exam is a way to assess your proficiency in the language and can serve as a benchmark for your language skills. In this article, we will discuss some tips and strategies to help you prepare for a Business English exam and perform at your best.1. Understand the exam format:Before starting your preparation, it is important to understand the format of the Business English exam you will be taking. Familiarize yourself with the types of questions, time limits, and scoring system. This will give you an idea of what to expect on exam day and help you tailor your study plan accordingly.2. Build your vocabulary:Having a strong vocabulary is essential for success in a Business English exam. Make a habit of learning and reviewingnew words regularly. Focus on business-related vocabulary, such as terms used in meetings, negotiations, presentations, and emails. Flashcards, vocabulary apps, and language learning websites can be useful tools for expanding your vocabulary.3. Practice reading and listening skills:The reading and listening sections of a Business English exam test your ability to comprehend and analyze written and spoken texts. To improve these skills, read business articles, reports, and emails regularly. Listen to business podcasts, watch news broadcasts, and participate in English conversation groups to practice your listening skills. Pay attention to key details, main ideas, tone, and context.4. Develop writing skills:The writing section of a Business English exam assesses your ability to write clearly, cohesively, and professionally. Practice writing business emails, reports, memos, and presentations. Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, spelling, and sentence structure. Review sample essays and model answers to understand the expectations and requirements for different types of writing tasks.5. Enhance speaking skills:The speaking section of a Business English exam evaluates your ability to communicate effectively in a business setting. Practice speaking English with colleagues, friends, or language exchange partners. Role-play business scenarios, practice delivering presentations, and participate in group discussions. Focus on pronunciation, fluency, intonation, and expression.6. Time management:Time management is crucial during a Business English exam, as you have a limited amount of time to complete each section. Practice solving sample questions under timed conditions to improve your efficiency and accuracy. Allocate your time wisely, skimming through questions, prioritizing tasks, and avoiding spending too much time on difficult questions.7. Seek feedback:Seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or language experts to assess your progress, identify areas for improvement, and receive tips and strategies for success. Take practice tests, mock exams, and self-assessment quizzes to gauge your abilities and track your performance over time. Use feedback to adjust your study plan and focus on weak areas.8. Stay motivated and confident:Staying motivated and confident is key to succeeding in a Business English exam. Set realistic goals, celebrate small achievements, and stay positive throughout your preparation. Visualize success, stay focused on your objectives, and maintain a growth mindset. Remember that persistence, dedication, and practice are essential for achieving your goals.In conclusion, preparing for a Business English exam requires dedication, practice, and strategic planning. By following these tips and strategies, you can improve your language skills, boost your confidence, and achieve success on exam day. Remember that proficiency in Business English is a valuable asset in today's globalized workplace and can open doors to exciting career opportunities. Good luck with your exam preparation!。
商务英语复习专题
商务英语复习专题商务英语复习专题A Review on Business EnglishTIGER ZhouSchool of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Dianji UniversityA.TranslationU1The World Wide Web1.菲亚特发布了一种微型的“城市轿车”，特别适合欧洲狭窄、拥挤的街道。
(launch)________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ 2.雨林主题的产品充分利用消费者对于环境的兴趣。
(tap into)________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ 3.公司可能会把努力的方向集中在某些令他感兴趣的地区，如印度和泰国。
(target)________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ 4.一位强有力的总统将会更加削弱国会的权力。
(erode) ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ 5.大部分措施将会在明年渐渐全部失效。
Business English Practice 1-28749
Business English Practice 1试卷总分:100一、Put the following phrases into English1、国际惯例___2、国际支付___3、银行竞争___4、全球经济一体化___5、进口关税___6、可兑换货币___7、全球金融同业通讯协会___8、贸易壁垒___9、清算系统___10、无形贸易___11、有形贸易___12、资金转移___二、Multiple Choice13、To the exporter, the fastest and safest method of settlement is （）。
A、banker’s draftB、 collectionC、 letter of creditD、 advance payment14、From the point of view of a Chinese bank, （）is our bank’s account in the book of an overseas bank, denominated in foreign currency.A、 a vostro accountB、 a mirrio accountC、 a nostro accountD、 a record account15、The following are the special problems for international trade except for （）A、 UCP500B、 UCP400C、 UCR522D、 URC25416、To the importer, the fastest and safest method of settlement is （）。
A、 letter of creditB、banker’s draftC、 open accountD、 cash in advance17、（）is the reason why international trade first began。
BusinessEnglish复习资料整理
BusinessEnglish复习资料整理Unit 17 Futures and derivatives期货和衍生品Futures 期货-contracts to buy or sell a commodity , currency or financial asset at a future date, at a price fixed at the time of making the contract.Opti ons 期权——con tracts giving the right, but not the obligati on to biy or sell ?…Commodities 货物一raw materials or primary products(初级产品)(metals, cereal< 谷物> coffee. etc)Derivatives 衍生---a general name for all financial instruments (金融工具) whose price depends on the movement of another price.Hedging 套期保值一making contracts to buy or sell a commodity or financial asset at a pre-arranged price in the future as a protection or “insurance”against price changes.Speculation 投机买卖一buying securities or other assets in the hope of making a capital gainby selling them at a higher price(or selling them in the hope of buying them back at a lower price). Swaps 掉期互换Unit 18 Market structure and competition 市场结构和竞争The market leader (with the biggest market share)The market challenger (the second-biggest company in the industry)The market followers1.Market share : a company'ssales expressed as a percentage of the total market2.Promotion : short-term tactics designed to stimulate stronger sales of a product3.Monopoly : the situation in which there is only one seller ofa product/doc/7a7115228.html,petitor : companies offering similar goods or services to the same set of customers5.Slogan: a short and easily memorized phrase used in advertising6.Market segmentation : the division of a market into submarkets according to the needs or buying habitsof different groups of potential customers7.Market niche : a small and specific market segment8.Differential advantage : a factor which makes you superior to competitors in a certain respect9.Turn over : a businesss tot'al sales revenue10.Recession: a period during which an economy is working below its potentialBarriers to entry 进入壁垒Natural monopoly 自然垄断Economies of scale 经济规模Dominant-firm oligopoly 公司寡头垄断example: Mainframe computersMonopolistic competition 垄断竞争example: Confectionery (chocolate bars)Monopoly 垄断example: Rail transportMonopsony 买方垄断example: arms and weapons systems Oligopoly 寡头垄断example: cars (automobiles)Perfect competition 完全竞争example: wheatUnit 19 Takeovers, mergers, and buyouts 接管，兼并，收购Acquisition : the purchase of one firm by anotherM&A ： 1.Horizontal 2. Vertical: a. forward b. backwardTo innovate (innovation) 创新: designing new products andbringing them to the marketTo diversity (diversification) 多样化：to expend into new fieldsTo merger (a merger) 合并：to unite, combine, amalgamate, integrate or join togetherA raid 通过购买股票收购：buying another company 's shares on the stock exchange, hoping to persuade enough other shareholders to sell to take control of the company.To takeover bid 收购： a public offer to a company 's shareholds to buy their shares, at particularprice during a particular period, so as to acquire a company.Horizontal integration 横向整合：to merge with or take over other firms producing the same type of goods or services. 像可乐收购百事Vertical integration 纵向整合：joining with firms in other stages of the production of sale of a product 宝钢收购澳洲铁矿Backward integration Forward integration 购买生产环节Synergy 协同效应：向后一体化： a merger with or the acquisition of one 'ssuppliers 向前一体化： a merger with or the acquisition of one 'smarketing outletscombined production that is greater than the sum of the separate partsUnit 20 Efficiency and employment大学生就业难问题——从经济方面讲1.Macroeconomic environment(the several unemployment situation —e.g. the financial crisis)2.Enrollment -expansion of Chinese universities3.Dual labor market theory (the first/ second labor market )4.Economic structure being irrational5.Unbalanced regional economic developmentUnit 21 Business ethicsDefinition of Business Ethics:The principles and standards that determine acceptable conduct in business organizations. 能够决定商业组织哪些是能被接受的行为的原则和标准The acceptability of behavior in business is determined by Customers, Competitors, Governmentregulators, Interest groups, and the public, as well as each individual ' s personal moralprinciples and values.Why study business ethic? (不确定考不考)Reports of unethical behavior are on the rise.Society 's evaluation of right or wrong affects its ability to achieve its business goals.a response to FSGO and stakeholder demands for ethics initiatives. Individual ethics is not enough.Help identify ethical issues to key stakeholders.1．Charities （慈善）: institutions or organizations that provide help for people in need 2． Legitimacy （合法，合理 n..）: acceptability, according to law or public opinion.3． Perfect competition : the situation when there are a large number of sellers and buyers, freedom toenter and leave markets, a complete flow of information, and so on.4．Welfare : a condition of general well-being （and government spending designed to achieve this ）5． Threatening : menacing, endangering6． Vitality : liveliness, health, energy, strength7． Free enterprise : an economic system in which anyone can attempt to raise capital, form a business, andoffer goods or services.8．Conforming （一致性）: complying with or following （rules,etc.） 9． Ombodied : expressed, given a material form 10．Proponents （拥护者）: supporters, people who argue in favor of somethingUnit 22 The role of governmentP129.130 的文章大概看下 1. costly : expensive2. disposed of : spent, used or consumed3. on our behalf （利用）: done for us4. a physician : a medical doctor5. ailments （小病）: （non-serious ） illnesses6. to resort to force: to use violence7. to coerce （强迫）: to compel people to do something against their will 8. a mortician （殡仪业务）: someone who arranges funerals 9. a plumber: someone who fixes water pipes 10. a host of: a large number of市场失灵 --》 Correcting market failureexternalities （外部经济效果）:如空气污染，污水排放public goods monopolies ：需要政府干预 merit and demerit goods unit 23 Central banking, money and taxationValue added tax ：增值税income tax ：所得税capital transfer tax ：资产转移税 capital gains tax: 资产所得税 wealth tax: 财产税 direct tax: 直接税 indirect tax: 间接税The functions of taxation ：1. to raise revenue to finance government expenditure2. can be designed to dissuade people1. depreciation （贬值） : reducing the value of a fixed asset, by charging in against profitsprogressive tax: 累进税 regressive tax: 递减税 sales tax: 营业税fiscal policy: 财政政策tax avoidance: 逃税tax evasion: 漏税tax heave n :逃税天堂2.disincentive （挫折）: something which discourages an action3.regressive （回归的）: an adjective describing a tax that is proportionally higher for people withless money4.consumption （消费）: spending money to buy things, rather tahn saving it5.self-employed （自我创业）: working for yourself, being your own boss6.national insurance （国家保险）: a tax on incomes that pays for sickness benefit, unemploymentbenefit, and old-age pensions7.perks （福利）: non-financial benefits or advantages of a job8.tax-shelters: a way to delay the payment of tax to a later time9.tax-deductible （减税）: an adjective describing expenditures than can be taken away from taxabeincome or profit10.tax-heavens : a country offering very low tax rates to foreign businessesunit 24 Exchange ratesGovernment Economic Goals:1.Economic Growth2.Full Employment3.Price Stability4.Balance of International BudgetRMB appreciation ：（参考A+ 答案，自己可另外发挥）Positive ：1．RMB revaluation could mean the advancement of the Chinese economy in the world economy Status. 2．Appreciation of the RMB help export sectors a significant impact on foreign trade enterprises. 3．To attract foreign investment has declined and there will be more domestic enterprises to go abroad to invest and build factories.4．Conditional lower the cost of imported products.5．The domestic residents abroad reduce the cost of travel and study abroad.（teacher:1.to improve people 's purchasing power2.good for import industries3.to perfect the economic system4.to solve the inflation ）Negative1．By the impact of RMB appreciation, China's economic growth will slow.2．Affect our business and the comprehensive competitiveness of many industries.3．Not conducive to China's foreign trade enterprises exports.4．Unemployment will increase.5．The financial risk will increase.6．The inflationary pressures.7. The in crease in the loss of creditors.(teacher: 1.make aga inst the export2. make aga inst the in troduct ion of foreig n capita3. China is the greatest national debt holder of U.S..RMBappreciation will decrease 20% )Unit 25 the business cycleDefin iti onThe bus in ess cycle is the upward and dow nward moveme nt of econo mic activity that occurs around the growth trend.Expansions/con tract ions in economy StagesThe peak is the top of the bus in ess cycle. A boom is a very high peak, represe nting a big jump in output.The downturn is the phenomenon of economic activity starting to fall from a peak. A recession is a decline in output that persists for more than two consecutive quarters inayear.A depressi on is a large recessi on.A trough is the bottom of the recessi on or depressi on.An expansion is an upturn that lasts at least two consecutive quarters of a year.Internal theoriesStages ' order —redictableStage len gth/stre ngth - un predictableExter nal TheoriesUnit 26 Keynesianism and monetarism( 货币主义)external Influences匚urrent StateThe Business CycleMeeds:Objectives,Success Critei iaBenefits:Review^ Evaluate.MeasurePlanning:Strategic. Financial dnd Business PlansPeakTro ug h一亘no遛o莎竈Supply : the willingness and ability to offer goods or services for sale.Dema nd: the willi ngn ess and ability of con sumers to purchase goods and services.Market forces: supply and dema ndEquilibrium 平衡:A state of bala nee, for example whe n supply meets dema nd.Fiscal policy: gover nment or cen tral bank measures concerning the rate of growth of the money supply (the amount of money in circulation)Mon etary policy: gover nment measures concerning taxati on, public expe nditure, and so onUnit 27 the international trade1.visible: trade in goods2.in visible: trade in services (ba nking, in sura nee, tourism, and so on)3.direct excha nge of goods, without the use of money4.the differe nee betwee n what a country receives and pays for its exports and imports of goods5.the differe nee betwee n a country 'total earnings fromexports and its total expe nditure on imports6.the (impossible) situati on in which a country is completely self-sufficie nt and has no foreig n trade7.surplus (顺差): a positive bala nee of trade or payme nts8.deficit (逆差): a negative balanee of trade or payments9.sell ing goods abroad at (or below) cost price10.protectionism: imposing trade barriers in order to restrict imports11. tariff: taxes charged on imports12. quota: quantitative limits on the import of particular products or commoditiesUn it 28 econo mic and ecologyEco-economics 生态经济学Recycling Economics 循环经济Green Economics 绿色经济The Low Carbon Economy 低炭经济How Do We Create a Low Carbon Economy? Suggesti ons to Promote Low Carbon Economy1. Promote awareness about impact of climate change.2. Use Ren ewable sources of en ergy3. Use CNG based public tran sport system4. Metro rail and car shari ng practices.5. Enhance role of n uclear and hydropower6. Afforestati on and land restoratio n.7. Adopt En ergy efficie ncy labeli ng system8. Use Biogas and solar devices.9. Boost en ergy related R & DUn it 29 In formati on tech no logy and electro nic commerce What is E-commerce ?The most successful compa nies embrace the In ternet as a mecha nism for tran sform ing their compa nies and for cha nging everyth ing about the way they do bus in ess.O Sus tnes s t Q busines s supp o rt 」Ltetrari (fcusin&ss 姐」? MEM □ (Mcdi ating and Monil aring E ? Secvif e c ofttracts (ICC)心Bolcro (de 匚tronic dacumentsupporf)HO Markets-1Automot ive in du stiy < c cilk ctivc tuying)^Retail warld-'Insuianc e private ext hang 巳 cf virtual products*"Unit 30 Entrepreneurs and venture capitalVenture capital: is a subset of private equity, made for the launch, early development or expansion of a business.ECAPPLICATIONS1. Supply cha in man ageme nt2. Home shopp ing3. Remote banking4. On-li ne marketi ng and advertising5. Dista nt lear ning6. Procureme nt and purchas ingGive some example of EC: B-C :RetailInternet bookshop CDNowShopp ing malls Auctio nsCollective buyingFinanceESI (stock market)Electro nic1. Market opportunity : The possibility of providing a new product or service to satisfyparticular needs.2. High net worth individuals : People with a lot of money at their disposal.3.Risk averse: Adjective describing investors who do mot want to take risks with their money.4.Listed: Adjective describing companies whose shares are traded on the stock exchange.5.Fee: Money paid to professional people for a job of work done.6.Equity : Another word for stocks or shares: a company 's capital7.Running costs : The day-to-day expenses of operating a business.8.Market penetration : The attempt to increase or maximize sales, and get a large number ofcustomers.9.Non- executive directors : Directors, who do not work full time for a company, but adviseit about strategic issues.。
商务英语考试题目及答案
商务英语考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The company is expected to release its financial results next month. What does "release" mean in this context?A. To let go ofB. To make publicC. To give awayD. To launch答案：B2. Which of the following is NOT a typical function of a marketing department?A. Product developmentB. AdvertisingC. Market researchD. Sales promotion答案：A3. In a business negotiation, what is the term for a preliminary agreement that outlines the main points of a deal?A. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)B. Letter of Intent (LOI)C. ContractD. Agreement答案：A4. What does "bottom line" refer to in a financial statement?A. The total revenueB. The net incomeC. The total expensesD. The gross profit答案：B5. If a company's stock is "over-the-counter," where is it traded?A. On a stock exchangeB. Through a brokerC. ElectronicallyD. In a physical location答案：C6. What is the term used to describe a situation where a company's costs are higher than its revenue?A. ProfitB. LossC. Break-evenD. Equity答案：B7. In business, what does "due diligence" mean?A. The process of paying attention to detailsB. The process of verifying all facts in a business dealC. The process of paying debtsD. The process of conducting a thorough investigation答案：B8. Which of the following is NOT a type of business structure?A. Sole proprietorshipB. PartnershipC. CorporationD. Alliance答案：D9. What is the term for the process of selling a company's products or services to customers?A. DistributionB. MarketingC. SalesD. Production答案：C10. In business, what does "to go public" mean?A. To become a private companyB. To start a new businessC. To become a publicly traded companyD. To close the business答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. When a company's stock is listed on a stock exchange, itbecomes ________.答案：publicly traded2. The process of evaluating a potential investment is known as ________.答案：due diligence3. A ________ is a document that outlines the terms and conditions of a contract.答案：clause4. The ________ is the final amount of profit a company makes after all expenses have been deducted from the revenue.答案：bottom line5. A ________ is a financial statement that shows a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. 答案：balance sheet6. When a company's revenue is greater than its expenses, it is said to be ________.答案：in the black7. A ________ is a formal agreement between two or more parties to do or not to do certain things.答案：contract8. The ________ is the process of identifying, anticipating, and influencing customer needs and wants.答案：marketing9. A ________ is a company that has a single owner who is responsible for all aspects of the business.答案：sole proprietorship10. The ________ is the process of determining the value of a company or an asset.答案：valuation三、阅读理解题（每题3分，共30分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
businessenglish课后习题
Exercise 1Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.found biology dictate profitabilitdynamics all-pervasive yweakness citizen discounted tune unconsciously3. Though business people like to think of themselves as realists, the fact is that wishful thinking, denial, and other forms of avoiding reality are deeply______ in most corporate cultures.4. The culture of the organization is typically created ______, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.5. Sometimes we tend to lose sight of the fact that ______—the way you appear and the way you act—is a form of communication.6. The deepest principle in human nature is the______ to be appreciated.7. Microsoft is ______upon the idea that if you give people the right tools, they will do new and exciting things.8. Creativity, by itself, is not enough. There must be mechanisms within the company for setting in motion the ______needed to spark off winning ideas.9. The right corporate______—the optimal balance of people and culture—can mean the difference between success and failure.10. The organizational culture, as perceived by the employees,______how they think about their jobs, perform their functions and plan for the future.11. Depending on the company, corporate culture may influence choice of suit color for meetings with management, overall ______to change in the marketplace, how customers and colleagues are treated and whether or not an expensive new shower curtain is submitted as a business expense. 12. If increased ______is an organizational goal, one of the best places to start improvements is with an examination of the organization's work culture.13. An organization's cultural norms are so ______ that they are almost invisible, but if you would like to improve performance and profitability, norms are one of the first places to look.14. Employees all share the basic human needs for belonging, connectedness, trust, meaning and purpose, and they also share the same human ______, such as selfishness and greed.15. Citizenship in the United States comes in tow forms: individual citizenship (referred to at the outset of the . Constitution as “We the demeanor responsivecrave embedpeople”) and corporate citizenship which has existed since 1886 when the Supreme Court decided corporations were entitled to constitutional protection as if they were ______.16. Managers need to realize that issues involving pay, benefits, and perks aren't usually the central reasons why good employees fly the corporate coop—although those factors certainly are not to be______. Smart companies ______ their overall culture toward their employees if they can, making the work environment as pleasant and as supportive as possible.Exercise 2relationship stereotype competence1. Manager are thought to be the budgeter, the organizers, the controllers—the ants, as one observer puts it—while leaders are the______, big-picture visionaries, the ones who change the whole ant farm.2. Some great managers struggle with change and fail to be great leaders, while a great leader might fail to create a sense of______in an organization and not measure up as a manager.3. Leadership effectiveness is determined by what leaders do, not by some ______personal characteristic.4. There isn't one______of leadership which fits every situation.5. Since the 1970s, the focus has been on “contingency theories of leader behavior”—theories that argue leaders' effectiveness depends on the ______between their behavior and personal characteristics andthe characteristics of their followers and of the situations in which they find themselves.6. Leaders must pay close attention to how they balance competing pressures in their organizations, and how their words and actions shape the______and beliefs of organization members.7. We have a natural tendency to blame other people for failures, rather than______the poor performance to external and contextual factors. 8. Leadership is not primarily about making decisions anyway—it is about______people to change direction.9. Efffective managers concentrate not only on the task, but also on their______with their subordinates.10. The role of the manager is more______than directive, guiding the conversation and helping to resolve differences.11. Self-confidence is not the real secret of leadership. The more essential______is confidence in other people.effectivenessperceptions stabilitycharismatic facilitative unpretentiousmatchinherentingredient inspiring attributing campaign12. One person may have the top title and the official authority, buttheir______is often a function of the quality of all the other people who stand beside them to exercise leadership. 13. Sports certainly produces a very high number of prima donnas and big egos, yet I was struck by how many of the winning teams were led by______people who boosted others.14. When an employee has done a task one way for many years, he tends to identify with that task and changing it can feel like an assault on his______.15. The company is planning to launch an important sales______to promote their latest product. 1. charismatic 2. stability 3. inherent 4. stereotype 5. match 6. perceptions 7. attributing 8. inspiring 9. relationship 10. facilitative 11. ingredient 12. effectiveness13. 14. competence 15. campaign unpretentiousExercise 4Directions: Match the phrases with the following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet correspondingly.responsible beyond citizen role humanitarian luxury transparent loath override partnerships enhance social negative appropriate balance 1．We are committed to keeping those relationships strong by communicating openly about our business practices, being_______ about our performance, and remaining accountable for our conduct. 2．It is our hope that Kimberly-Clark Corporation's contributions,combined with the ______ efforts of the world's aid organizations, will help ease the immediate suffering of the people affected by this tragedy. 3．Corporate social responsibility makes good business sense, but companies must _________ the goal of good citizenship placed upon them by society with the traditional aim of profitability required by shareholder.4．Corporate citizenship is not a ________, especially in difficult times. It's a sensible part of good business.5．Corporate leaders have to think ______making profits to how they affect society.6．Corporate social responsibilities do not ________a corporation's fundamental obligation to make a reasonable return for investors. 7．Corporation's __________is to be good businesses, not to save the planet. 8．People expect companies to take on social responsibilities and expect governments to ensure that corporations behave________. 9．If companies look after the interests of its customers, employees and society at large, then it is also _______shareholder value and benefiting its investors. 10．It seems that the growing ________role of companies suggests a breakdown in the distinction between politics and business. 11．Citizenship takes the work of the people, not just businesses going in and saving the world. It takes the customer, the individual, the_______. 12．It's a new way to conceive and carry out business,because it suggests ______with the folks that live in your business's community.13．Moreover, the work environment should be one where people at all levels feel that they have support, that managers and coworkers are open to hearing their ideas—rather than being consistently _______about new ideas.14．You want people to have work that they're going to find ______challenging —not so far out of their skill range that they just can't do anything, but certainly something that's going to get them to operate at the top of their skill level, allowing them to really stretch and grow.15．Management gurus are both loved and _______by businesses, as they provide insights and visions into the art of management, insights that may, in theory, save companies millions of dollars, or they may introduce concepts that may further confuse and worsen company problems.答案1. transparent 4. luxury 7. role2. humanitarian 5. beyond8. responsibly14. appropriately3. balance 6. override 9. enhancing 12. partnerships 15. loathedExercise 7asymmetry succession blessings1. We support economic development and responsible free markets as the most reliable and sustainable strategies for global poverty_______.2. Globalization is more than the flow of money and commodities, it is the growing________ of the world's people through shrinking space, exacerbated standardized alleviationvolatilityprosperitydisplacedinterdependence challenges innovationprism proliferatingtap intoshrinking time and disappearing borders.3. While McDonald's golden arches may be_________ in every major metropolis across the world, so, for that matter, are Thai and Vietnamese restaurants.4. As we look at the world through our own _______, we tend to forget that we ourselves have dramatically changed in an age of open systems.5. To want to be rooted is a deep human desire, of course, but to be _______ and uprooted, alas, is a human condition—Man's fate.6. It is widely believed that globally ______ product varieties are displacing locally customized ones in many product categories.7. There are at least three fundamental _______ of globalization on nations that embrace it: faster economic growth, reductions in poverty, and more fertile soil for democracy.8. Two of the most common complaints against globalization are that it has undermined labor and environmental standards, and that it has ______ the gap between rich and poor, both among and within countries.9. If you believe that free markets, operating within a rule of law, are essentially self-regulating and leas, in the words of Adam Smith, “as if by an invisible hand”to a greater general _______, then you will tend to see globalization as a blessing. 10. _________ were incorporated into trade agreements, so that the developed countries could demand that the developing countries take away their trade subsidies, take away their trade barriers, all for the goods in which the industrialized nations hand a comparative advantage. 11. While we were talking about how wonderful the globalized financial system is in addressing the problems of risk, the developing countries were left to carry the burden of interest rates and market _______.12. The upside of the globalization explains why and how the move toward globalization brought us opportunities，and the downsidedescribes the newest _______ to modern politicians, economists, environmentalists, and sociologists.13. The ____ of crises in the 1990s—Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, Russia, and Brazil—suggested to some that financial crises are a direct and inevitable result of globalization.14. Economic “globalization”is a historical process, the result of human____ and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows.15. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to_______ more and larger markets around the world.答案into。
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General Review for Business EnglishI. Scope of Final Examination.The scope of the final examination for the course Business English will cover Units 1 through 13, including the listening, speaking (Dialogue 1), reading, and writing tasks of each unit. You need review the text of each unit while preparing for the final. The content of the final examination includes six parts: true/force questions (10%), fast reading (10%), the best choice (20%), translations (20%), reading and comprehension (20%), and English writing (20%). For the part of translations (including English-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-English), you need memorize the frequently used business terms, especially the title of each unit, and understand the sentences for business situation conversation in the s ection “Language Focus” of each unit. For the part of English writing, like what you have done in the assignments, you should be able to write a business letter or a memo in the standard format on the basis of given information. The following questions or guidelines (III, IV & IV) may be useful for you to prepare for the final.II.Time and date for the Final Examination.The time length of the final examination is two hours (120 minutes). Please check the OA frequently for the date of the final.III. Vocabulary & Frequently used terms.Review the vocabulary section of each unit, and pay attention to the frequently used terms that I have lectured at the beginning of each unit.IV. Questions for main concepts and ideas(Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing Tasks)1.What do you know about foreign trade or international business?Unit 1 Applying for a Job.1. Can you give some tips as advice for job interview? (p.6-8)2.Why do you need to do some research before an interview? (p.6-7)3.What is meant by good interview etiquette? (p.7)4.Why is it necessary for a job candidate to prepare some questions? (p.7)5.What are three ways to contact the company you are applying for? (p.1)6.What should be included in your application package when you are applying for ajob? (p.8)7.What content should be contained in your application letter? (p.9-10)Unit 2 Companies8.When describing a company, what information should be provided?-- Company’s nameTime for establishmentSize and locationMain business activitiesMain customersThe annual sales over the past three yearsOther necessary information9.Familiar with general organization chart of a company. (p.42)10.What are basic steps for you to prepare a business report (or yourthesis)?(p.30-31)11.How to organize your business reports? (p.31)Unit 3 Business Calls12.What should you do first when you make a business call? (p.45)13.What are general business telephone manners and etiquette? (p.48-50)14.What are the purposes of memos?(p.51)15.What is the general format of a memo? (p.51)16.With given information, how are you going to write a memo? (p.52-55)Unit 4 Business Travel17.Do you know how to book a ticket through telephone or internet?(p.64-65)18.Before making a business travel, what preparations should be made?(p.64)19.What should you be aware of while checking in an international airport?(p.65-66)20.What does an itinerary generally include?Unit 5 Business Meetings21.How to chair a meeting? (p.82-85)22.Why have meeting times and places become more complicated?(p.81)23.How are meetings changed by information technology? (p.81)24.What should we do to effectively prepare a meeting? (p.86-88)25.What is a meeting agenda? (p.88-89)26.Why is a written agenda used for a meeting?27.What items are included in an agenda? / Do you know the structure of an agenda?(p.89)28.What is the format of minutes of a meeting? (p.89-90)Unit 6 Business Presentation29.What is a presentation? (p.109)30.What should a presentation generally consist? / What does an effectivepresentation structure include? (p.112)31.How to give an effective business presentation?(p.109-111)32.How do you make an effective beginning of an oral presentation? (p.104)33.How to describe the sales activities of a company?(p.105-106)Unit 7 Establishing Business Relations34.How to find the prospective international clients? (p.124)35.Why is it important for international business people to understand businessetiquette? (p.128-129)36.Can you give some examples of improper business etiquette? (p.136-137)37.What does business etiquette revolve around? (p.128)Unit 8 Enquiries and Offers38.Do you know the following terms of enquiry, offer, a firm offer, counter offer,quote, CIF, FOB, commission, terms of payment, letter of credit, offer without engagement, terms and conditions, an indication of price, a trial order, an exact market, a repeat order? (p.160-161)39.Do you know some foreign currencies?40.How to quote a price for your product?(p.143)41.What are trade terms or price terms? (p.143)42.What does a price term comprise? (p.143)43.Do you think it is important for international business people to take crosscultural negotiation training? Why or why not?(p.146-148)Unit 9 Negotiating the Price44.When negotiating the price of a product, what are the key elements to beconsidered? （p.163-165）45.How should the seller defend the price? (p.166-167)Unit 10 Terms of Payment46.Do you know the main modes of payment in international trade? (p.180,p.321-322)47.What are advantages and disadvantages of documentary collection for a seller ora buyer? (p.181-184, p.321-322)48.What is the letter of credit? (p.180-181, p321-322)Unit 11 Packing and Shipping49.Why should commodities be packed? (p.202)50.What are the main types of packing? (p.203)51.How to negotiate the terms of shipment? (p.205-206)52.What are the main modes of shipment? (p.207-208)53.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode? (p.207-208)54.What are shipping instruction and shipping advice? (p.208-209)Unit 12 Complaints and Adjustments55.What may cause customers to make complaints? (p.223)56.What are used as evidence when making a claim? (p.223)57.Do you know some common causes for complaints and claims in internationaltrade? (p.241)58.Do you know how to write letters of complaints and adjustments?(p.230-231)Unit 13 Marketing and Sales59.What is the difference between marketing and sales? (p. 343)60.What is the marketing mix? (p.248-250)61.What are referred to as the four "P’s" of marketing?（248-250）Unit 1462.How do you understand the term “globalization?63.What is a typical heading for a fax?Unit 1564.What is E-commerce? How does it work?65.What are the benefits of E-commerce?66.What’s the difference between E-commerce and E-business?67.Do you know how to write an E-mail?V. WritingsUnit 1Curriculum Vitae (CV)An account of a person’s qualifications, inte rests and work experience, usuallysent with an application for a job. The proper way to design a CV is to present the best image of yourself in accordance with the job requirements. Generally speaking, a CV should have no more than two pages. There are several standard CV formats. The most popular format usually contains the following components.1)Basic Personal Information2)Job Objective3)Education4)Work Experience5)Social Practice / Extracurricular Activities6)Hobbies and InterestsApplication Letter (Cover Letter)A letter with a document or goods explaining the contents. Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. They normally contain faro parts in which you should:1) confirm that you wish to apply and say where you learned abort the job;2) say why you are interested in the position and relate your interest;3) show that you can contribute to the job by high lighting your most relevant skills and experience;4)indicate your wiliness to attend an interview.Unit 2Business ReportA business report conveys information to assist in decision-making. Some reports might present the actual solution to solve a business problem; other report might record historical information that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Here are some basic steps for you to follow when writing a business report.1) Planning the writing2) Organizing the report into sections3) RevisionUnit 3Memo (Memorandum)A brief record written as an aid to the memory. It is used to describe the standard format of internal communication, which an organization uses for its own staff.Memos usually serve the following purposes:●Give instructions or notify events which have occurred;●Seek information;●Offer ideas and suggestions.The heading segment follows this general format:TO:FROM:DATE:SUBJECT:Unit 4ItineraryAn account or record of a journey or proposed route of a journey. It is usually to be made, including the time to set out and return, the route of visit, the dwelling place, the main contents of visit, etc.Such an itinerary generally includes:●title;●time;●place;●contents of activities.Unit 5Meeting AgendaMeeting Agendas are a significant list that helps the chairperson to structure themeeting and the secretary or minute-taker to keep track of what is being discussed.Agendas may vary in form. However, they should follow a structure and list standard items:●welcome any special visitors●apologies for absence●special event●confirmation of minutes of the previous meeting●business arising out of minutes●correspondence sent and received●reports●adjourned business●general business●any other business●close of meetingMinutesMinutes of a meeting are the agreed record of discussion and decision made. The purpose of minute is to record permanently the proceedings of a meeting, as well as to provide a basis for action.Unit 6PresentationA presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have with every person you ever meet. More specifically, however, whenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation.Structuring a well-organized presentation is your key to success.An effective presentation structure includes(1) an effective opening,(2) a preview of the main points,(3) clearly demarcated main points, and(4) an effective closing.Unit7Letters for Establishing Business RelationsIn writing such a letter, the following contents should be included:●The purpose of your letter;●The nature of your company’s business: agent,exporter, importer ormanufacturer;●The business scope of your company and also the branches and liaison offices,if any;●The reference as to your company’s financial position and integrity;●As an exporter, you should describe emphatically the quality of yourproducts;●If available, a brief introduction to your company, catalogue, price lists, etc.should be enclosed.●As an importer, what commodities you want to buy and sell and your salespotential as well;Unit 8EnquiriesAn enquire is a letter you write to try to ask for more information concerning a product, service or other information about a product or service that interests you.When making an enquiry, keep it brief, specific, clear and to the point.For a first enquiry, the following information should be included:● A brief mention of how you obtained your potential supplier’s name;●Some information of the demand in your area for the goods;●Details of what you want to know, such as a catalogue, price list, a sample, aquotation, and so on.OffersAn offer is a letter you respond to enquiries from potential customers.The best impression will be made by providing the materials or information the perspective client has asked for. This positive impression will be proved by a well written response.Unit 9Counter-offer Letters 还盘信A counter-offer letter is a letter when a buyer refuses to accept all or part of the terms and conditions made by the seller, and in the letter, the buyer will state his own terms and conditions to the seller. A counter-offer is really a new offer.A satisfactory letter of a counter-offer should cover the following points:●Express the buyer’s thanks to the seller for the offer;●Express regret at the buyer’s inability to accept;●Make a counter-offer if it is appropriate;●Express hopes of mutually beneficial business cooperation.Unit 11Shipping Advice (装船通知单)A shipping advice is what the exporter notifies their dispatch to the importer before or after effecting shipment. In case of CFR transaction, a shipping advice is also necessary for the importer to cover insurance of their goods.A shipping advice usually includes the following informationThe name of the ship used to dispatch the goods;The date and number of bill of lading;The name of the shipping port/loading port;The estimate time of departure;The estimate time of arrival;The packing conditions;Other information as delay of shipment, transshipment or change of L/C;Thanks for patronage.Unit 12Complaint LetterA complaint letter requests some sort of compensation for defective or damaged merchandise or for inadequate or delayed services. The essential rule in writing a complaint letter is to maintain your poise and diplomacy.In the letter you should:●Identify early the reason you are writing;●State exactly what compensation you desire;●Provide a fully detailed narrative or description of the problem;●Explain why your request should be granted;●Suggest why it is in the recipient’s best interest to grant your request.Adjustment LetterAn adjustment letter is a reply to complaint letter. It must be handled carefully when the requested compensation cannot be granted.Some suggestions:Begin with a reference to the date of the original letter of complaint and to the purpose of your letter;Express your concern over the writer’s troubles and your appreciation that he has written;Explain why you deny the request cordially;Try to offer some partial or substitute compensation or advice;Conclude the letter cordially.Unit 13Sales LettersA sales letter is a marketing tool that can build your client base and increase your sales. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of sales letters.●The extended letter, together with supporting literature, brochures, orderforms and return envelopes;●The one you write to individual.When you write a sales letter, the AIDA factors should be included:● A – attention;●I -- interest;● D – decision;● A – action.Unit 14FaxFax is a form of external communication and has become a well-established and widely used means of communication in the business world today. There is no unified format for faxes. A typical heading for a fax is shown below:FAX MESSAGETo:Attention:Fax No.:From:Company:Fax No.:Date:Subject:No. of Pages:Unit15E-mailE-mail is the system for using computers to send messages over the Internet.The guidelines for writing business E-mails:●Give the message a subject / title;●Keep the subject short and clear;●Start the message with a greeting;●Watch the length of the paragraph;●Keep the message concise and short;●Start the first paragraph with a clear indication of what the message is about;●When replying, quote excerpts;●End the message in a polite way;●Put your name at the end;VI. Steps of import / export trade (for reference)Any import / export transaction may start from Market Research and afterwards there follow the establishment of business connections, inquiries, offers (or replies to inquiry), orders, payment by buyer (or importer) and delivery of goods by seller (or exporter), and completion of the transaction.Varied and complicated procedures have to be gone through in the course of the transaction. We illustrate below the general course taken in an import/export transaction.1)Market Research 市场调研exporter → Market research ← importer2)Seeking Counterpart in import/export trade 寻找进出口贸易客户(1) expor ter → for importer( or buyer)(2) importer → for exporter (or supplier)3)Contact; Inquiry 建立联系；询盘→ importer4)Inquiry of Standing or Financial Integrity 询问资信情况(1)↓credit report↓exporter(2)↓credit report↓importer5)Quotation (or Offers); Counter Offers; Acceptance or Non-acceptance 报盘；还盘；接受或不接受(1)→ importer(2)exporter ← counter offers → importer(3)→ importer6)Order (or Indent); Contract 订货；合同(1)→ importer(2)importer → order → exporter7)Obtaining Import License; Opening Letter of Credit; Receiving Letter of Credit获得进口许可；开立信用证；收到信用证(1)importer → import license application ← granting(2)importer → foreign exchange bank → opening L/C(3)foreign exchange bank → advising bank → exporter (opening bank)(4)exporter → receiving le tter of credit8)Preparation of Goods 备货9)Obtaining Export License 获得出口许可(1)→ authorities(2)10)Inspection or Survey of Commodity 商品检验(1)→ authorities(2)→ exporter11)Reservation of Shipping Space 订舱位(1)(2)→ shipping order (S/O) → exporter12)Insurance Cover 投保(1)exporter → →(2)→ →exporter13)Customs Clearing and Loading 结关与装船(1) exporter → → documents → customs house(2) customs house → → wharf→loading → goods → mates receipt → shipping agent → shipping company → bill of lading (B/L)14)Consular Invoice; Shipping Advice 领事发票；装运通知(1)→ consulate → consular invoice(2)exporter → shipping advice → importer15)Negotiation of Export Document under L/C 按信用证议付出口单据(1) exporter →→→ payment for goods shipped16)Redemption of Documents under L/C 按信用证赎回单据(1)→ shipping documents → importer17)Customs Clearing of Imports: Delivery of Goods 进口商品结关；交货(1)(2)→→ → → imported goods → importer18)Claim for Losses 索赔importer → exporter→ shipping company→ insurance compa ny。