非谓语动词网络图
英语-非谓语动词 思维导图 高三英语一轮复习
非谓语动词非谓语动词的定义在句中充当除谓语以外成分的动词形式非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式一般式主动to do被动to be done进行式主动to be doing完成式主动to have done被动to have been done动词ing形式一般式主动doing被动being done完成式主动having done被动having been done过去分词一般式done非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词作主语、表语不定式、动名词作主语、表语的区别不定式：表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作动名词：表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作下列句型中常用动名词作主语①It is/was no use/good+doing sth.②It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.③It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.④It is/was useless doing sth.⑤It is a waste of time doing sth.下列句型中常用不定式作主语①It takes/to sb some time to do sth②It be +difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary for sb to do sth③It be +kind/careless/clever/foolish/honest/lazy/silly/wise of sb to do sth现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别现在分词：意为“令人感到……的”过去分词：意为本身“感到……的”非谓语动词作宾语只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid,escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feellike, get down to, object to等只能跟不定式作宾语agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse,choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg,arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。
(完整word版)非谓语动词思维导图
式主语eg:It is right to give up smoking.②作表语eg:The important thing is to save lives.③作宾语eg:He want to go.④作宾语补足语feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词do+believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think3do mand.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f rm.invite.oblige.or der.permit.persuade.prepare.recomm enf.remide.request.require.send.teac h.urge.want.warm.wish.4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语⑤作定语eg Tee farmer thoughtof ways to protect their crops.⑥作状语1作目的状语2作结果状语3作条件状语4⑦作独立成分eg:To tell the truth, I don't agree wih you.whos,which,when,how,what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out.2eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。
eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.2eg:He is believed to be coming.不定式的时态③不定式的语态动或被动依照其含义而定eg:To love and to be loved is the greatesthappiness of life2在句中做后置定语修饰名词3不定式有副词的句法功能，后置修饰形容词时常用主动形式。
高中英语知识结构网络图
简单句
带主语的祈使句的反意疑问句 感叹句置于从句中时how 与what的选用 简单句中的虚拟语气
分类
重点、难点
解题关键
简单句 并列句
就近一致 原则
单个名词作 集体名词, 以-s结尾的学科名词,常见不可数 主语 名词,复数名词,不可数名词具体化 并列主语 And连接的名词表示一个人或物用单数，多个 用复数；or, not only…but ,either…or, not so much…as.., neither…nor…,not…but; every/each/no/many a/more than one…and every a quantity of, a kind of, a mountain of , a pile of, a box of, much, an amount of, a great deal of, lots of, plenty of, the rest, the remaining, the majority of
动 词
动词的语态
主动语态、被动语态
动词的种类
系动词、助动词、情态动词、 及物动词和不及物动词
不定式（时态与语态）
非谓语动词
动名词（时态与语态） 分词：现在分词（时态与语态）、过去分词
句子的种类
陈述句（肯定式、否定式）、疑问句（一般、特 殊、选择、反意）、祈使句、感叹句
句子的成分
主语、谓语、宾语、（直接宾语与间接宾语） 表语、定语、状语 简单句 六个基本句型
词 法
数词 动词
形容词
基数词、序数词、分数、百分数
时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、非谓语、语气
比较级、最高级
副词
构词法
比较级、最高级 合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写
非谓语动词思维导图
A
B
C
1
主动
构 成
2 一般式
to write
被动
tobewritten
3 完成式
tohavewritten tohavebeenwritten
动 词
4 进行式
tobewriting
无
不
主语
Ittookusthreehourstocompletetheexperiment.
定 式
表语
Ourdifficultyiswheretogetenoughfood.
1.Thenewsisinteresting 2.Youwillbeinterestedinthenews.
1.Heoftenhelpshisworkingwifeathome. 2.Thisisthelabsetupbythestudentsthemselves.
1.Iheardhimsinginginthenextroom. 2.They found the room stolen.
能
定语
Thesepassagesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials
A
B
构
1
Байду номын сангаас主动
成 及
2 现在式
writing
简
3 过去式
无
C 被动
being written
written
介
4 完成式
havingwritten havingbeenwritten
英语语法知识网络图
高中英语语法知识网络图名词普通名词单数复数集体名词专有名词冠词定冠词/不定冠词代词人称代词：主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them物主代词: 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, your, their名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, yours, theirs反身代词: myself…指示代词: this, that, these, those, such疑问代词: what, which, who, who, whose相互代词: each other, one another不定代词连接代词关系代词分类行为动词助动词：be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall系动词: be, 感官动词，变化/保持类情态动词：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare 时态时（间）（状）态现在一般do过去进行be doing将来完成have done过去将来完成进行have been doing被动语态be done不定式to do 将来、主动to be done 将来、被动to be doing 进行、主动to have done 完成、主动to have been done 完成、被动非谓语动词现在分词doing 进行、主动having done 完成、主动being done 进行、被动having been done 完成、被动过去分词done语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气形容词/副词：原级、比较级、最高级介词连词：并列连词、从属连词数词：基数词、序数词、分数、百分数、小数句子成分：主谓宾定状补表简单句SV 主+不及物动词+状语She came with her teacher．/ My head aches.SVP 主+系动词+表语She is happy．句法SVO 主+及物动词+宾语She likes English.SVOO 主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.SVOC 主+及物动词+宾语+宾补（名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式等）She made her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.句子结构并列句并列连词and, but, so, or等名词性从句种类主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句连词 1. that 无意义，不做成分2. whether, if, as if, as though 有意义，不做成分3. what, who, whom, which, when, where, why 有意义，做成分复合句 1. 先行词（，）+ 引导词+ 从句关系代词关系副词定语从句人物时间: when主语：who which 地点: wherethat 原因: why宾语：whom which定语：whose whose2. 先行词（，）+介词+ which/whom + 从句先行词，+ some/both/one of which/whom + 从句1. 时间when，while, as，before, after，till，until，since，as soonas, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant,the minute, hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, nosooner…than，each time, every time，whenever2. 地点where，wherever3. 原因because, since, as，for, now that状语从句 4. 条件if, unless (=if not)5. 目的that, so that, so…that , in order that6. 结果( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that7. 比较as…as，more…than8. 方式as if9. 让步though, although, no matter who/when/what/how…。
全版思维导图展示-非谓语动词.ppt
______________________, the newly
________ (elect) president is having a hard time. (△C;△A)
11. 沉思中他几乎撞到前面的小车。
___________________________. (△A)
12. 天气允许的话，我们. 就是在昨天，他的车被盗了。
It was yesterday that ____________________. (△A)
9. 和他相比，你够幸运的了。
__________________, you are lucky enough.
(△A)
.....
6
10．许多问题有待解决，新当选的总统的日子不好 过。
3. 图式的积累
1._______(总的来说), he is qualified for his job.
2.____________(与我的童年相比), you have more fredome.
3._______(首先), I’d like to have a glass of beer.
4.__________(从他的口音判断), he is American.
United, we stand; _______________________. (△A)
6. 益友难寻。
A faithful __________________________. (△C)
7. 努力，你一定会成功。
___________________, you will succeed. (△B)
5.__________(考虑到他的年龄), the performance is really great.
非谓语动词思维导图(20201214172112).pdf
1在下列感官动词和使役动词用于“动词+宾语+do”结构feel.hear.listento.make.lrt.have.see.lookat.watch.notice.observe2下列动词课用于“动词+宾语+todo+形容词或名词”结构eg:The important thing isto save lives.believe.consider.count.declare.deny.feel.find.guess.imagine.judge.know,prove.realize.suppose.think3下列动词课用于“动词+宾语+todo”结构advise.allow.ask.beg.cause.challenge.command.dare.determine.direct.discover.drive.enable.expect.encourage.frm.invite.oblige.order.permit.persuade.prepare.recommenf.remide.request.require.send.teac eg：Tee farmer thoughth.urge.want.warm.wish.of ways to protect theircrops.4 hope.demand.sugges等t候补能接动词不定式作宾语补足语whos,which,when,how,what 等连用,在句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式1 表示与谓语动词同时发生不带to2表式在谓语动词之后发生eg:I plan to attend the meetingtommow.1表示谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。
eg:He pretended to be sleeping whenI came in.eg:To love and to be loved is the greatesthappiness of life2不定式有形容词的句法效用,在句中做后置定语修饰名词3不定式有副词的句法效用,后置修饰形容词时常用主动形式。
非谓语动词(图解)
．非谓语动词非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doingto havedoneto be doneto have beendone在非谓语前加notfor sb. todo sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeing donehaving beendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeing donehaving beendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）can’t help to do（不能帮忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get,order, tell, want, wish,encourage主谓关系。
高中英语知识结构网络图
三、形容词
1、形容词在句中的作用 形容词在句子中主要作表语、定语和宾语补足语。
2、形容词的比较级和最高级 3、初高中教材中出现的形容词、副词句型： （1）as+形容词原级+as… (和……一样) （2）not as（so）+形容词原级+as…(和……不一样，不如…) （3）be+倍数+形容词比较级+than… 例如； 这坐楼是那座的三倍长。
相关连接：Leave one by oneself / help oneself to …./teach oneself /
Say to oneself / learn…by oneself /enjoy oneself //….
4，指示代词
有：this→（复数） these that → （复数） , those such, same(它用做代词前须加the)
高 考 英 语 知 识 网 络 图
2021/8/17
语法 词汇 短语
交际用语
听力 口语 阅读 写作
知识运用
词法
语 法
句法
2021/8/17
词 法
2021/8/17
词类 名词 代词 数词
名词、冠词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词
可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词单复数、专有名词
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、 连接代词、关系代词、相互代词
简单句
六个基本句型
句子的类型
并列句
主从复合句 直接引语与间接引语
宾语从句, 表语从句， 主语从句，同位语从句, 状语从句, 定语从句。
2021/8/17
词汇
高考英语语法网络图
3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.
三．代词：
I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：
1 人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.
10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s
6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 the life’s time, the play’s plot
7 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
一张图搞定英语语法
语法=造句的法则
名词 名词
代词 名词性从句 非谓语动词 （分身）
一个单句中有且只能有一个谓语动词，当需要使用第二动词 时，要么用从句，要么用非谓语动词。
动词
时态 语态
情态 （变态） 虚拟
形容词
介词短语
定语从句 （分身） 非谓语动词
句子
角色 演员
主干 修饰
（分身）
副词 介词短语 状语从句 非谓语动词
Thank You
世Байду номын сангаас触手可及
英语中一共只有两种修饰成分，修饰名词的叫做“定语”，
修饰其他的叫“状语”，状语就是把句子壮大（时间、地点、 原因、结果、方式、目的、让步、条件、比较）
“非谓语动词”都是“从句的简化版”
“只要把这张图抄上几遍，就能形成完整
的语法网络！对语法填空，短文改错，书面 表达都有帮助！”
携手共进，齐创精品工程
非谓语动词图表
非谓语动词图表(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--非谓语在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）逻辑主语与真正主语真正主语：谓语动作发出者，即真正主语。
逻辑主语：非谓语动作的发出者或者承受者。
构成非谓语动词句型的首要条件：逻辑主语与真正主语一致。
To acquire knowledge , you must study解析：条件：此句真正主语：you 逻辑主语：you 主语一致。
结论：可构成非谓语句型非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下She got off the bus but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.非谓语动词做主语的区别：1. ________ a language requires time and effort.A. LearnB. LearningC. To learnD. Being learned2. It is not always easy ________ invitations.A. to refuseB. refusingC. to be refusedD. being refused3. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.A. to solveB. to be solvedC. being solvedD. solving4. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus.A. cost, to getB. takes, gettingC. takes, to getD. takes, to get to5. It is no good __________. You should give_________.A. to smoke, it upB. smoking, it upC. smoking, up itD. to smoke, up it1. He gave us some advice on how ____ English.A. learningB. learnedC. to learnD. learn2. It ’s a pay day, and they are waiting ____.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to be paid3. I don’t know whether you happen, but I’m going to study in the this September . A．to be heard B. to be hearingC．to hear D. to have heard4. I forgot _____ my name when I finished ____ the composition.A. to sign, to writingB. to sign, writingC. signing, writing5. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.---Well, now I regret ____ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done6. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned1. Her wish is __________ an engineer.A. becomingB. becomeC. to becomeD. being comepeople’s greatest pleasure is __________.A. fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD. being fish3. The report was so _______ that they were all __________.A. inspiring, excitingB. inspiring, excitedC. inspired, excitedD. inspired, exciting4. ---“You look pale.”---“I feel a little __________.”A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome非谓语动词做定语的区别：1. She said she had a important meeting ______.A. to attend inB. to attendC. attendD. attending2. He is always the first ______ questions.A. to answerB. answeringC. to be answeredD. being answered3. The Olympic Games _______ in the year 2016 will be a great success.A. being heldB. to be heldC. heldD. to hold4. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreignlanguage came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written5. At present, English is the main subject ___________ here.A. to be taughtB. being taughtC. teachingD. to be teaching6. ---"Who are those people with the banner"---"A group _______ itself the League for peace."A. callingB. callsC. calledD. is called7. The pen __________ belongs to me.A. which it is on the tableB. lying on the tableC. is on the tableD. which on the table1. I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry __________.A. for leavingB. of leavingC. to leaveD. left2. I went to see him __________ him out.A. findingB. findC. only to findD. only found3. __________ the cry for help, people immediately rushedout of the rooms.A. To hearB. HearingC. Having heardD. They hearing4. __________ Hello, he reached out his hand.A. SaidB. SayingC. Talked aboutD. Talking to5. _________ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful.A. SeeB. SawC. SeeingD. Seen6. ___________ the past, our life is much better.A. Comparing withB. Be compared withC. To compare withD. Compared with非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：1. The doctor advised Lao Li __________ more rest.A. that he getB. to getC. would getD. get2. Soon they saw the boy _________ in the crowd.A. disappearB. to disappearC. disappearsD. disappeared3. Birds are seldom heard __________ at night.A. singB. singingC. to singD. to be singing4. He kept me __________ for many hours.A. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. waited5. Mother caught the boy __________ in the corner.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. being smoked6. Having read the Emperor's New Clothes, we all found it ___.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. to interest7. I need this chapter __________ before tomorrow.A. rewritingB. rewrittenC. rewriteD. to write again8. When she returned home, she found the window open and something __________.A. to stealB. losingC. missedD. stolen9. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _________.A. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hear非谓语动词的时态和语态：1. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show2.【2012重庆】______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked3.【2008福建】___ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waitedson pretended _______ when I came back.A. to sleep B. sleeping C. being sleeping D. to be sleeping5.【2011上海】Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing…, but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lostis the man ____now？A. operating on B. operated on C. being operated on D. to be operated onquestion ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussedC. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussingasked ___ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sendinga letter, he decided to send a telegram.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received10The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make独立主格结构1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
高中英语教学论文 语法-非谓语动词图解
I have a lot of papers to be typed.
动名词
通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系
Shall we go to the swimming pool?
现在分词
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生
stop doing停止正在做的事
意义不同
remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）
remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）
go on to do（接着做另外一件事）
go on doing（接着做同一件事）
try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）
在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语
分词
现在分词
doing
having done
being done
having been done
具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词
done
动名词
doing
having done
being done
having been done
sb’s doing
具有名词的作用
高中语法-非谓语动词图解
I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：
非谓语形式
构成
特征和作用
时态和语态
否定式
复合结构
不定式
tБайду номын сангаас do
to be doing
to have done
to be done
to have been done
在非谓语前加not
高考英语《知识网络图》
１非谓语动词作状语与独立主格结构、状语从句的 区分。
２非谓语动词作定语。
３with复合结构和as引导的状语从句的区别。 ４既可以接不定式又接v-ing做宾语有区分的动词。 ５it做形式主语和形式宾语的句式。 ６使役性动词的过去分词和v-ing的理解。 ７不定式各种形式的考查 。 1. 非谓语动作与主句动作发 生的时间先后
准确理解语意 捕捉关键词 结合基础知识 解题
简单句
感叹句置于从句中时how 与what的选用 简单句中的虚拟语气
分类
重点、难点
解题关键
简单句 并列句
就近一致 原则
单个名词 作主语 并列主语
集体名词, 以-s结尾的学科名词,常见不可数 名词,复数名词,不可数名词具体化 And连接的名词表示一个人或物用单数，多 个用复数；or, not only…but ,either…or, not so much…as.., neither…nor…,not…but; every/each/no/many a/more than one…and every a quantity of, a kind of, a mountain of , a pile of, a box of, much, an amount of, a great deal of, lots of, plenty of, the rest, the remaining, the majority of
进行式 (not) to be doing
完成式 (not) to have done (not) having done
非 谓 语 动 词
主语 宾语 状语 定语 补足语
表语
插入语
to do
作 用 V-ing done
中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）典型例题1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.A. playingB.to be playingC. playD. to play本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。
如：give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to meteach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。
还是用回刚才的例子：give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。
”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。
teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。
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中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图
一、非谓语动词的概说
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
它不受人称和数的限制。
二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识）
1. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作
like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作
（类似的还有love, hate）
2. begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4)物作主语时
It began to melt.
3. 感官动词+ doing/to do
感官动词see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
典型例题
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing
B.to be playing
C. play
D. to play
本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型
间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。
如：
give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me
teach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him
宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。
还是用回刚才的例子：
give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。
”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。
teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。