大学英语四级考试-阅读理解部分(课堂)
大学英语英语4级考试(答案) (5)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解Passage1Work and PlayWhat do we mean by leisure,and why should we assume that it represents a problem to be solved by the arts?The great ages of art were not conspicuous for their leisure—at least,art was not an activity associated with leisure.It was a craft like any other,concerned with the making of necessary things.Leisure,in the present meaning of the word,did not exist.Leisure,before the Industrial Revolution,meant no more than"time"or"opportunity";"If your leisure served,I would speak with you."says one of Shakespeare's characters.Phrases which we still use,such as"at your leisure",preserve this original meaning. But when we speak of leisure nowadays,we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something;time is heavy on our hands,and the problem is how to fill it.Leisure no longer signifies a space with some difficulty secured against the pressure of events:rather it is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent occupations.Leisure is a vacuum,a desperate state of vacancy—a vacancy of mind and body.It has been commandeered(强占)by the sociologists and the psychologists:it is a problem.Our diurnal existence is divided into two phases,as distinct as day and night.We call them work and play.We work so many hours a day,and,when we have allowed the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping,the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations,an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure,but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment—not football but watching football matches;not acting,but theatre-going;not walking,but riding in a motor coach.We need to make,therefore,a hard-and-fast(不能变通的)distinction not only between work and play but,equally,between active play and passive entertainment.It is,I suppose,the decline of active play—of amateur sport—and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem.If the greater part of the population,instead of indulging in sport,spend their hours of leisure"viewing"television programmes,there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique.And,in addition,there will be a psychological problem,for we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of a prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen.There is,if we are optimistic,the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody.Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impressionon the mind or imagination of those who see them:few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last,and at longer intervals they must rely on the management to see that they do not sit through the same film twice.We have to live art if we would be affected by art.We have to paint rather than look at paintings,to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves,engaging all our senses in the ritual and discipline of the arts.Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and our souls.It is only when entertainment is active,participated in,practiced,that it can properly be called play,and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work,and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work.It is there that the final and most fundamental error enters into our conception of daily life. Work itself is not a single concept.We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living:to earn,that is to say,sufficient tokens which we can exchange for food and shelter and all the other needs of our existence.But some of us work physically,cultivating the land, minding the machines,digging the coal;others work mentally,keeping accounts,inventing machines,teaching and preaching,managing and governing.There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations,except that they consume our time,and leave uslittle leisure.We may next observe that one man's profession or work is often another man's recreation or play.The merchant at the weekend becomes a hunter (he has not yet taken to mining);the clerk becomes a gardener;the machine-tender becomes a breeder of bull-terriers(叭喇狗）There is, of course，a sound instinct behind such transformations.The body and mind are unconsciously seeking compensation—muscular coordination, mental integration.But in many cases a dissociation is set up and the individual leads a double life—one half Jekyll,the other half Hyde(有善恶双重性格的人)-There is a profound moral behind that story of Stevenson's,for the compensation which a disintegrated personality may seek will often be of an anti-social nature.The Nazi party,for example, in its early days was largely recruited from the bored—not so much from the unemployed as from the street-corner society of listless hooligans. Scientific studies have been made of street-corner society,out of which crime,gangsterdom,and fascism inevitably develop.It is a society with leisure—that is to say,spare time—and without compensatory occupation. It does not need a Satan to find mischief for such idle hands.They will spontaneously itch to do something:muscles have a life of their own unless they are trained to purposeful actions.Actions,or rather activities,are the obvious reflex to leisure;they consume it,and leave the problem solved.But work is also activity,and if we reach the conclusion that all our time must be filled with one activity or another,the distinction between work and play becomes rather meaningless,and what we mean by play is merely a change of occupation.We pass from one form of activity to another;one we call work,and for that we receive pay;the other we call play,and for that we receive no pay—on the contrary,we probably paya subscription.1.The Industrial Revolution brought about a change in the nature of people's work as well as in the amount of time it took.2.Passive entertainment,which has increased in our age,leads to a decline in health and may also create psychological problems.3.The division of activities into work and play is unsatisfactory because it conceals the important distinction between active entertainment and passive entertainment.4.Mental work is more beneficial to one's psychology than physical work.5.The Nazi party was mostly enrolled from the jobless. programs should be abandoned because they entertain viewers passively.7.The word"leisure"has completely changed its original meanings.8.Danger may arise if work and play are not______coordinated.9.When entertainment is active,play can serve as an activitythat______work.10.One man may perceive another man's recreation as______. Passage2Ever since humans have lived on the11,they have made use of various forms of communication.Generally,this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of12speech.When there is a language barrier,communication is"13through sign language in which motions14for letters,words,and ideas.Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to15to this form of expression.Many of these symbols of whole words are very16and exact and can be used17; spelling,however,cannot.Body language18ideas or thoughts bycertain actions,eitherintentionally or unintentionally.A wink can be a way of indicating that the party is only joking.A nod signifies approval,while shaking the head indicates a19reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille(a system of raised dots read with the fingertips),signal flags,Morse code,and smoke signals.Road maps and20signs also guide,warn,and instruct people.While language is the most common form of communication,other systemsand techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.A.pictureB.oralC.standD.worldE.internationallyF.optionalG.resortH.vividI.earth J.accomplished K.transmits L.representM.negative N.intelligently O. translatesPassage3The future population will be older than today,and this in turn will change the patterns of social demands.However,Mexico will still be far from the"aging societies"that will most likely prevail(占优势)in the industrialized countries.In less than25years,the country will have to add almost as much infrastructure as it has already built up to now,simply to maintain services and production at the current levels. This will be a tremendous challenge,although a similar one was faced successfully in the recent past,when available infrastructure was doubled in two decades or so.It is no wonder that much has been said about the need to reduce or preferably halt Mexico's population control which is taken for granted as both good and necessary.It has also gained supporters in the developing world,and Mexico is no exception.But thearguments about population are complicated,as the following discussion illustrates.Even if Mexico's population reaches125million by the year2010,its population density is still smaller than the1985population density of some50countries.By international standards Mexico will still not be overpopulated by the year2010.If wealth is generated by people,the more individuals there are,the greater the wealth that potentially could be generated.Why should Mexico control its population at density levels below those of the richer countries if more population represents the possibility of generating more wealth?On the other hand,it is often pointed out that once sustainability(支撑力)limits are near or are reached,there are decreasing productivity gains(or,perhaps more accurately,increasing productive losses),and people become a cost rather than an asset.If we assume that there are sustainability limits and that we are close to reaching these limits at a world level,then it is appropriate to check population growth.21.According to the passage,the population argument is focused on_______.A.whether more people are a property or a costB.whether Mexico should control its population growth or notC.whether the density of population in Mexico is large or smallD.what the standard international sustainability limit is22.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A.Mexico has stepped into an aging society.B.It is not necessary for Mexico to control its population.C.Mexico population is younger than that of developed countries.D.It is not necessary for Mexico to develop its infrastructure.23.By"infrastructure"(Para.2)the author means_______.A.buildingsB.the basic framework of a country,such as schools,services,etc.C.social demandsD.services and production24.It may be inferred from the3rd paragraph that_______.A.it isn't necessary for Mexico to control its population growthB.population is likely to grow at a slower pace than in the pastC.the more people there are,the greater the wealth people could generateD.Mexico should control its population growth because she belongs to the developing countries25.To check population growth is necessary when_______.A.there are decreasing productivity gainsB.there are increasing productivity lossesC.we are close to reaching the sustainability limits at a world levelD.people become a costPassage4In many traditional societies a woman's role is restricted to that of mother(for the continuation of the race),and she is confined to family and household activities,including help out in the field and market. In some ethnic(种族的)communities in Indonesia,even today,women are supposed to do the hard labor in the rice fields,while men take it easy in their coffee shops.When I visited the island of Timor in eastern Indonesia in1987,I was told by friends that in the interior of the islands,where roads are still non-existent,villagers traveled to market either on foot or on horseback. It was a common sight to see the husband riding a horse,with his wife walking behind him carrying a heavy bundle of produce on her head to the market.On the island of Alor,also in eastern Indonesia,I met an old man aged about80years,proudly boasting to me that he had nine wives. "But you are a Catholic,"I said to him."How could you have nine wives?" He smiled,and said:"I married only once in church,but the other eight wives I married according to our traditional laws."In many ethnic communities in Indonesia the good woman or wife is one who obey her husband,who does not go around gossiping,who cleans her home and cooks good food for the family,who is diligent in the field,who does not visit friends too much,and who gives birth of lots of children,especiallyboys.In Indonesia many years ago the wives of government workers or members of the armed forces were organized into women's organizations.The leadership of these women's organizations was set up according to the hierarchical positions of the members'husbands.For example,the organization of women of personnel of a government ministry would automatically have as its chairperson the wife of the minister at the national level,and the chairperson of the provincial organization would be the wife of the governor,and so on to the lower administrative levels. It is amazing how a woman who may have an interest in being a leader nevertheless automatically becomes a chairperson because of the official position of her husband.When the husband is no longer minister or governor,she also automatically loses her position.Many of these women have complained to me that they feel this is a straitjacket(约束物) imposed on them,but they feel they have to accept the role for the sake of safeguarding their husbands'careers.26.In some ethnic districts in Indonesia women should_______.A.do household activitiesB.give birth of childrenC.do the hard labor in the fieldsD.all of the above27.In the2nd paragraph"roads"means_______.A.some roadsB.high waysC.country roadsD.heavy roads28.What does the question"How could you have nine wives?"imply?A.The old man is too old to have nine wives.B.The old man shouldn't have had nine wives.C.The old man could marry only once because he is member of the Church of Rome.D.The old man could have only a wife for he is a Christian.29.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph3?A.Women's organizations were set up in the government administrative levels and the armed forces.B.The head of the women's organization of a province must be the wife of the governor.C.All the leaders of the woman's organizations enjoyed their roles.D.The wife of a governor loses her leading position for the sake of her husband.30.The closest restatement of the last sentence in,the3rd paragraph is______.A.many women would hate to be the chairperson without considering their husband's careersB.many governors'wives complain they have to accept the chairperson rolesC.many women are forced to become the leaders of women's organizations in order to protect their husband's professionD.many governors'wives feel it necessary to accept the roles二、完型填空Exercise is good for you,but most people really know very little about how to exercise properly.1when you try,you can runsintostrouble.Many people2that when specific muscles are exercised,the fat in the neighbouring area is“3up”.Yet the4is that exercise burns fat from all over5.Studies show muscles which are not6lose their strength very quickly.To regain it needs48to72hours and exercise every other day will7a normal level of physical strength.To8weight you should always “work up a good sweat”when exercising.9sweating only10body temperature to prevent over heating.This is11water loss.12You replace the liquid,you replace the13.Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise.It helps the circulation of blood14the body,and has a direct 15on your overall feeling of health.Experience says that20minutes’1617is minimun amount.18your breathing doesn’t return to normal state within minutes after you finish19,you’ve done20.1.A.While B.When C.As D.So2.A.understand B.believe C.hope D.know3.A.built B.burned C.piled D.grown4.A.reply B.possiblility C.truth D.reason5.A.arm B.leg C.stomach D.body6.A.exercised B.examined C.protected D.cured7.A.lose B.raise C.burn D.keep8.A.lose B.gain C.keep D.burn9.A.Certainly B.No C.Fortunately D.Probably10.A.raises B.reduces C.destroys D.keeps up11.A.how B.why C.nothing but D.more than12.A.While B.Once C.As D.Whenever13.A.weight B.muscle C.sweat D.strength14.A.over B.around C.throughout D.with15.A.effect e age D.affectcation B.sleep C.exercise D.rest17.A.one day B.a day C.everyday D.someday18.A.But if B.But C.If D.And if19.A.working B.walking C.exercising D.breathing20.A.enough B.much C.too much D.much too三、翻译1、他用所有的积蓄为儿子买了一辆自行车。
英语四级讲座阅读理解PPT课件
二 细节题
（1）表现形式 （2）解题方法 （3）注意点
(1)表现形式
(2) 解题方法
先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有 信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位
What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves? handball player
(1)、主旨题表现形式
What’s the best title for this passage? What is the main idea of the passage? The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____” What’s the author’s attitude toward….?
表示贬义的词汇
critical critical negative suspicious tolerant worried Disgusted（厌恶的） （批评的） negative （否定的） pessimistic bitter Depressed disappointed ironic suspicious（怀疑的） tolerant（容忍的） worried（担忧 sarcastic cynical sentimental angry 的） （悲观的） bitter（痛苦的） Depressed（沮丧的） pessimistic disappointed（失望的） ironic（讽刺的） sarcastic（挖苦 的） cynical（玩世不恭的） sentimental（感伤的）angry（气愤 的）
补充：在态度题中经常出现的单词
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
5类词性考查
名词：主语、定语、介词的宾语和动词的宾 语
动词：原形、第三人称单数、过去式 动词的现在分词和过去分词： 1. 现在分词：与be动词构成进行时；用作形容
词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴随状语 2. 过去分词：用于完成时态；用于构成被动语
态；作形容词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴 随状语
形容词：可在句中作表语，位于系动词 之后；也可作定语，修饰名词。在形容 词前后常见的是名词、副词、be动词或 系动词。
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
阅读理解部分概述
阅读理解部分在整套四级试卷中所占比 例为35%，等同于听力，故有 “得阅 读者得四级” 之说！
试题类型： 1. 快速阅读 2. 篇章词汇理解 3. 篇章阅读理解 大纲解读：快速+准确
快速阅读
基本要求：要求考生在15分钟内读完一 篇1000词左右的文章，并解答后面的10 道问题；要求考生运用略读(skimming) 和查读(scanning) 的技能从文章中获取 信息。略读考查学生获取文章主旨大意 或中心思想的能力，查读考查学生利用 各种提示快速查找特定信息的能力。
标题型：
Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 目的型：
The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to___.
2个观点态度题的考查方向
阅读理解中常会问到作者或文中人物对某 一问题的态度(attitude) 或全文的基调 (tone)。观点态度题的回答应从篇章的题 材入手，一般而言，在说明文中作者的 态度是客观的或中立的。 作者对别人观点的理解 作者自己的观点
2024大学四级考试阅读理解部分PPT精品文档
PPT精品文档•大学四级考试概述•阅读理解技巧与策略•历年真题分析与演练•阅读理解常见误区及应对方法目录•阅读理解备考建议与计划•模拟试题与答案解析01大学四级考试概述考试目的与要求目的检测学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是阅读理解能力。
要求考生需掌握一定的词汇量，具备基本的语法知识和阅读技巧，能够准确理解文章的主旨大意、细节信息和作者态度等。
试卷结构与题型试卷结构四级考试试卷通常由写作、听力理解、阅读理解和翻译四个部分组成。
题型阅读理解部分包括选词填空、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三种题型，旨在全面检测考生的阅读能力和技巧。
阅读理解部分在四级考试中占据较大分值比例，对考生的总成绩具有重要影响。
分值占比高提升综合能力备考重点通过阅读不同题材和体裁的文章，考生可以扩大知识面，提高英语语感，培养跨文化交际能力等。
阅读理解是备考四级考试的重点和难点之一，考生需要针对该部分进行系统的训练和复习。
030201阅读理解部分的重要性02阅读理解技巧与策略略读与寻读技巧略读快速浏览文章，抓住文章大意和结构，注意文章标题、副标题、段落首尾句等关键信息。
寻读根据题干中的关键词，快速在文章中定位相关信息，提高答题效率。
猜测词义与推理判断猜测词义根据上下文语境、构词法、同义词、反义词等线索猜测生词词义。
推理判断根据文章提供的信息，通过逻辑推理、归纳总结等手段，推断出作者未明确表述的内容。
主旨大意与细节理解主旨大意理解文章的中心思想和主题，注意文章标题、段落首尾句、转折词等关键信息。
细节理解关注文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，注意细节信息与主旨大意的联系。
03历年真题分析与演练回顾历年四级考试阅读理解真题，总结考点和出题规律。
分析历年真题中的难点和易错点，提供解题思路和技巧。
归纳历年真题中的高频词汇和短语，帮助考生扩大词汇量。
历年真题回顾与总结细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题词汇理解题典型题型分析与解题技巧01020304分析题干中的关键词和短语，定位原文中的相关信息，理解并比较选项与原文的异同。
英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译
英语四级阅读理解部分附全文翻译1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage:The development of e-commerce has dramatically transformed the retail industry. Traditional brick-and-mortar stores have been supplemented, and in some cases, replaced by online platforms. This shift has brought about significant changes in the way consumers shop and businesses operate.One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the convenience it offers. Consumers can shop from the comfort of their homes at any time of day, without the need to travel to a physical store. This has particularly benefited those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, e-commerce allows for a wider selection of products than might be available in local stores, often at more competitive prices.However, the rise of e-commerce has also introduced challenges. The anonymity of online transactions can lead to issues of trust, with consumers sometimes hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar websites. Furthermore, the increased competition has forced many small businesses to either adapt to the digital marketplace or face closure.In conclusion, while e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry and brought numerous benefits to consumers, it is not without its challenges. Businesses must continue to evolve to meet the demands of this rapidly changing landscape.Word Bank:A) convenienceB) competitionC) transactionsD) transformedE) operateF) mobilityG) adaptH) hesitantI) unfamiliarJ) widerQuestions:1) The development of e-commerce has _______ the retail industry.2) One of the main benefits of e-commerce is the _______ it offers.3) Consumers can shop from home, which is particularly beneficial for those with limited _______.4) The anonymity of online _______ can lead to issues of trust.Section BDirections:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One:The tourism industry has seen significant growth over the past few decades, driven by the increasing availability of affordable travel options and the rise of social media. These factorshave made it easier than ever for people to explore new destinations and share their experiences with others.One of the most notable trends in recent years is the rise of "sustainable tourism." This approach emphasizes minimizing the environmental impact of travel while supporting local communities. Sustainable tourism can include practices such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations, participating in conservation efforts, and respecting local cultures. However, the growth of tourism has also led to challenges. Popular destinations can become overcrowded, leading to damage to natural environments and cultural sites. In some cases, the influx of tourists can even disrupt local communities, causing resentment among residents. In conclusion, while tourism offers many benefits, it is important to approach travel responsibly to ensure that destinations can be enjoyed by future generations. Questions:1) What has contributed to the significant growth of the tourism industry?A) The decline in travel costs and the popularity of social media.B) The development of new transportation methods.C) The increase in luxury travel options.D) The promotion of international tourism by governments.2) What is a key aspect of sustainable tourism?A) Visiting as many destinations as possible.B) Minimizing environmental impact and supporting local communities.C) Staying in luxury hotels and resorts.D) Traveling to remote and unspoiled locations.3) What is one of the challenges caused by the growth of tourism?A) The decline in international travel.B) The negative impact on local cultures and environments.C) The rise in travel-related costs.D) The decrease in travel safety.4) How can travelers ensure that destinations remain enjoyable for future generations?A) By visiting only popular tourist spots.B) By choosing environmentally friendly travel options.C) By limiting the duration of their trips.D) By avoiding travel during peak seasons.Passage Two:The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly important in modern society. As technology continues to blur the lines between work and personal life, many people struggle to find time for relaxation and leisure. This issue is particularly prevalent in countries where long working hours are the norm.One of the main challenges of achieving work-life balance is the expectation to be constantly available. With the advent of smartphones and email, employees are often expected to respond to work-related communications outside of regular business hours. This can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.Employers are beginning to recognize the importance of work-life balance for employee well-being and productivity. Some companies have implemented policies such as flexible working hours, remote work options, and mandatory vacation time to help employees achieve a healthier balance.In conclusion, work-life balance is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Employers and employees alike must work together to create an environment that supports a healthy balance between work and personal life.Questions:1) What has contributed to the difficulty of achieving work-life balance in modern society?A) The rise of remote work opportunities.B) The increasing demand for skilled labor.C) The expectation to be constantly available.D) The decline in job security.2) What is one of the negative effects of being constantly available for work?A) Increased job satisfaction.B) Higher productivity levels.C) Burnout and decreased job satisfaction.D) Improved work-life balance.3) How are some employers helping employees achieve work-life balance?A) By increasing work hours and reducing vacation time.B) By offering flexible working hours and remote work options.C) By eliminating work-from-home opportunities.D) By requiring employees to work on weekends.4) Why is work-life balance important?A) It helps employees earn more money.B) It allows employees to focus solely on their careers.C) It is essential for maintaining physical and mental health.D) It improves job security.Passage Three:The importance of cybersecurity has grown exponentially as the world becomes more connected through the internet. Cyberattacks are becoming more frequent and sophisticated, targeting everything from personal information to critical infrastructure.One of the most common forms of cyberattacks is phishing, where attackers trick individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy source. This can lead to identity theft, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation.To combat these threats, both individuals and organizations must take proactive measures. This includes using strong passwords, keeping software up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and links. Additionally, governments and businesses are investing in cybersecurity technologies and training to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, cybersecurity is an essential aspect of modern life, requiring constant vigilance and proactive measures to safeguard against the ever-evolving threats in the digital world. Questions:1) What has contributed to the growing importance of cybersecurity?A) The decline in internet usage.B) The increase in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure.C) The rise of traditional communication methods.D) The reduction in government regulations.2) What is one of the most common forms of cyberattacks?A) Phishing.B) Malware.C) Ransomware.D) Denial of service.3) What can individuals do to protect themselves from cyberattacks?A) Use weak passwords and share them with others.B) Keep software up to date and be cautious of suspicious emails.C) Ignore cybersecurity threats and rely on antivirus software.D) Avoid using the internet altogether.4) How are governments and businesses addressing cybersecurity threats?A) By reducing investments in cybersecurity technologies.B) By training employees and investing in cybersecurity technologies.C) By eliminating the use of the internet in the workplace.D) By ignoring cybersecurity risks.答案部分1. Part II 阅读理解（40分钟）Section APassage:电子商务的发展已经极大地改变了零售业。
英语四级阅读理解部分的真题及答案
英语四级阅读理解部分的真题及答案阅读理解是中的重中之重，因为阅读理解占了30个题目，分值也较大。
再过不久就要进行英语四级考试了，同学们可以通过做真题来找到阅读理解的感觉。
为大家整理了英语四级阅读理解部分的真题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identi ied by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice__36___away,However , we have already reached temperatures that are in__37__with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are __38__to a predicted worldwide in increase in temperatures__39__betweem 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. The warming will be more__40__in some areas, less in other, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the __41__of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable(宜居的)and __42__for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on __43__, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Somescientists___44__that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random(无规律的)variation-some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years__45___--but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasingwarm conditions.A) appealing I) melted B) average J) persist C) contributing K) ranging D) dramatic L) recently E) frequently M) resolved F) impact N) sensible G) line O) shock H) maintainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?[A] Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.[B] Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.[C] Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance iction,” etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” non iction andiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.[D] As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.[E] For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.[F] One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reducedthe cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten onvellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—requiredto be sure, a long book—vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible——to be sure, a long bookvellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printingarrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.[G] But while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on (继续存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.[H]Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old on [H]Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it e out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not. [I] Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TV didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.[J] Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.[K] Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry (骑兵) replaced the chariot (二轮战车) on the battle ield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an of icer’s full years, but is still part of an of icer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always -dress uniform, precisely because a sword always s ymbolized “an of icer and a gentleman.”[L] Sometimes new technology is a little cranky (不稳定的) at irst. Televisionrepairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)[M] Then there is the ireplace. Central heating was present in every upper-andmiddle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning ireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the ire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances forhumankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest). Human control of ire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards ire as a central aspect of human life.[N] Books[N] Books——especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending farbeyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile(触觉的)pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a ire in the ireplace on a cold winter’s night.[O] For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like ireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide. 48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the ilm industry survived. 50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries. 53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage. 54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books. 55. A house with a ireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or un inished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related ields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文学科)and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative(创新的)leaders, and bene it from the spiritual enrichment that there lection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances an d changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their irst job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’slittle reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be lexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology——to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities technologythat present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级考试-阅读理解部分PPT课件
A.cheaper B.cleaner C.collection peted E.constructed F.consulted G.dimension H.discovered I.eventually J.height K.necessarily L.production M.range N.scale O.undertaken
2021
考点2：词性，词与词之间的关系 29.In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest ___collection___ of vertical solar panels Europe's 名词形式所有格, 类似于形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their) 30.A vertical solar project on such a large _scale_has never been repeated since. “a” 冠词 a large ___名词_______ 31.For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was _________ overtaken by the Millbank Tower. was ___+ly______ overtaken by 过去分词表被动 也可以看做是形容词 被超越的 ;副词修饰形容词 32.Green buildings like this aren't _________ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy ___________ through fossil fuels. 类似上一题 aren't _________ cost-efficient; by是介词-后面接名词或者名词词组. 35.Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of ____height_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy. of 介词 ;介词后面跟名词或者动名词
大学英语四级阅读课件
phrases used to modify nouns or verbs, such as extremely important, highly recommended, etc.
Analysis and application of synonyms
Predicting article content
Based on the title and subtitles, predict the possible content that the article may cover, and prepare for future reading.
Skimming and Searching
Mastery and imitation of special sentence
structures
Understanding and Application of Inverted Sentences
Nouns
including vocabulary that represents people, things, places, etc., such as individual, society, technology, etc.
Adjectives and adverbs
used to describe the nature, state, or degree of nouns or verbs, such as significant, quickly, etc.
Contextual semantic inference
Understanding word meanings based on context
大学英语英语4级考试(答案) (2)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解Passage 1Research Solves Forestry ProblemsForestry is a science and, as such, those who practice it must have one thing that make scientific progress possible: the benefit of research. Every forestry problem solved by research lets forestry advance one more vital step. Logically, therefore, research to solve problems is a major job of the Forest Service. It covers the whole forestry field, including the protection and management of forests, related rangelands, and water-sheds; utilization of forest products; and the economic aspects of forestry. The Service's regional forest and range experiment stations and its Forest Products Laboratory are constantly making new forestry studies throughout the United States and announcing new forestry facts.Redeeming the American Chestnut. Scientists have long been seeking ways of bringing back that valuable and storied tree, the American chestnut. Attacked by a blight (枯萎病) brought in from Asia about 1900, practically all of our native chestnuts were killed. Their gaunt (古瘦如柴的 ) white skeletons are a reminder of a tree whose range extended from New England to Alabama and Louisiana. But there is a glimmer of hope. Forest Service scientists have found a few individual trees that seem to be resistant to the disease. Buds or branches from 28 of these tough survivors have been grafted to other root stocks for multiplication and the chance for further study of their resistance.Forest research may yet make the American chestnut once again tempt the palate (味觉) , and also help supply the nation's timber needs.Can Lightning Fires Be Prevented? Foresters have a hard job making people careful with fire in the forests. At the same time, some of them are trying to make Nature cut down the number of fires she starts with her most powerful fire-starting weapon, lightning.A little white cloud, peeking up over a Montana mountain, is quickly found by a mobile radar unit. It is tracked as it gets bigger and starts its journey with the winds. Finally, any lightning storm which develops in it is analyzed. This cooperative research project, known as "Skyfire", has also made experiments in cloud seeding to reduce lightning occurrence. It is too early for positive conclusions, but scientists believe their findings will lead to a better preparedness and quicker attack on lightning-caused fires. Foresters may eventually be able to prevent lightning fires more easily than those caused by man.Getting More Seed from Better Trees. Would you believe that healthy trees that have been deliberately wounded will produce more seed than undamaged trees? That's what happened when foresters partly girdled (cut away a narrow strip of bark part way around the tree) some longleaf pines in Louisiana—they produced twice as many cones as did ungirdled trees. In Montana, they tried it with five-year ponderosa pines. These experimental trees bore 26 cones as against one cone on the ungirdled control trees. In the South where slash pine is "chipped"(a form of partial girdling) for turpentine, the chipped trees produced 50 per cent more cones than comparable unchipped trees.Developing a White Pine Strain Resistant to Blister Rust. You can always identify the white pines because the needles are in clusters of five—and there are five letters in the word w-h-i-t-e. This also applies to the sugar pine of California, which is also a white pine. Count the letters in s-u-g-a-r. Five again!White pines have a particularly vicious enemy—the disease called blister rust. Long ago scientists found that the disease spores do not go from one white pine to another; they need an alternate host, either currant or gooseberry bushes. Destroy these bushes near white pine trees and the disease is stopped. This sounds easy, but it is a very expensive and tedious job.Well, foresters aren't satisfied with that. They have found a few—just a few —white pine trees that are resistant to the disease. Starting with these few trees, the Forest Service and other public agencies in the United States and Canada are trying to develop a resistant strain of white pine that will still have good timber quality.How to nail a House Together. Nails are the principal fasteners used in building a wood-frame house. How these nails are selected and used determines how solid the building will be. It's important to know the size, number, and placement of nails necessary to construct a house so it will successfully resist such forces of nature as strong winds, hurricanes, earthquakes.The Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin, a unit of the Forest Service, has made exhaustive studies of nailing techniques. The results, contained in a booklet, Technique of Hose Nailing, are of value to engineers, architects, carpenters, and home-owners as a guide to the building of betterhouses. With the booklet (available from the U. S. Forest Service) one can judge the quality of the nailing in the construction of his own house.Will "sandwich" Houses Be Practical? The Forest Products Laboratory developed a sandwich building panel with a core of honeycomb paper. Treatment with synthetic resins makes the honeycombed paper resistant to moisture and decay. To study the suitability of such panes for house construction, a test structure was built some years ago at the Laboratory Exposure to Madison's rigorous weather for some time indicates that "sandwiches" will be suitable for use in buildings. Sandwich panels are now used in doors, partitions, furniture, and demountable buildings. In time they will no doubt be used in house construction.Can Direct Seeding of Pine Be Improved? In the past, the replanting of burned-over or clean—cut forest areas has been done by the somewhat slow and laborious method of individual planting of seedlings which had been raised in tree nurseries. Direct seeding in such areas had proven unsuccessful because birds and rodents would help themselves to this ready supply of food before the seed could germinate. Now, discovery of a bird and rodent repellent that can be easily applied to longleaf pine seeds before sowing is- making the direct seeding of trees practical and inexpensive.The repellent, composed of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, is not harmful to birds or animals in the amounts used and does not retard germination of the seed. Although it is slightly irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat of humans, it is safe to use, according to studies made by the Alexandria (Louisiana) Research Center of the Forest Service and the U. S. Fish andWildlife Service.Direct sowing of tree seeds is the cheapest way to plant. Foresters, however, still advocate setting out seedlings because it is a simpler procedure for most people and more predictable. But seeding is becoming more foolproof and in another few years should be more generally accepted. Seeding costs about $ 8. 50 per acre compared to $ 12 per acre for planting seedlings.Does Age Affect Strength of Wood? A test of the floor joists (托梁) of the Octagon House, Washington, D. C. , shows joists that were cut form virgin Southern yellow pine of high quality to be as strong as when they were installed more than 150 years ago.Mechanical test by the Forest Products Laboratory showed that the timbers were strong enough for their purpose and differed little from the strength of similar newly-cut timbers. The tests were made on sections from several parts of the joists. No decay was found.1.The passage gives a general description of contributions made by forestry.2. Forest fires caused by lightning occur more frequently than those caused by man.3. Blister rust is a serious destroyer of white pine trees.4. The strength of wood-frame houses depends on what sort of nail is used.5. The time when yellow pine was cut to make floor joists prevented them from decaying.6. The bird and rodent repellent, made up of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide does not affect germination of the seed.7. The Forest Service scientists are likely to help fulfill America's timberdemand by saving the American chestnut.8. Each time a forestry problem is solved by research, forestry_______.9. _______pines is a way to get more seed from better trees.10. The honeycombed honeycombed(蜂窝结构的) paper becomes resistant to moisture and decay when it is treated with_______.Passage 2It is estimated that 11 seven hundred million people—about half of the world's population—are unable to read and write, and there are probably two hundredand fifty million more whose level of attainment is so slight that it 12 qualifies a literacy.Recently the attack on illiteracy has been 13 up. A world plan has been drawnup by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris, as part of the UNESCO Nations Development Decade, and an international conference on the 14 has also been held. UNESCO stresses that functional literacy is the aim. People must learnthe 15 skills of responsible 16 : the ability to read notices, newspapers, timetables, letters, pricelists, to keep simple records and accounts, to 17 out the significance of the information gathered, and to fill in forms.The 18 areas of illiteracy are in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. In Africa there are at least one hundred million illiterates, 19 eighty to eighty-five per cent of the 20 population. In Europethe figure isabout twenty-four million, most of them in Southern Europe, with Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Yugoslavia heading the list (the United Kingdom has about sevenhundred thousand).A. basicB. citizenshipC.steppedD.someE. majorF. barely G.sort H.membershipI. superio r J. entire K.scarcelyL.constitutingM. total N. subjectO.comprisingPassage 3In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now • 234 •seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism. As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority—the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system.21. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA. New Economic Pattern of the 21st CenturyB. The Influence of Japan on the World EconomyC. A Global Economy and an Information SocietyD. A System of High Productivity22. In the 2nd paragraph, the word "borderless" could best be replaced by which of the following?A. lack of borderB. edgelessC. international.D. global23. The phrase "These requirements" in Paragraph 2 meansA. environmental changesB. rapid technological innovation and reorganization of industrial structureC. the Japanese economy to be driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunitiesD. two aspects of information revolution24. HES is a system_______.A. that is a mixture of capitalism and socialismB. whose concept has been created by a changing environment of the worldC. in which Japanese productivity is highD. in which power is concentrated in a minority25. In Japan, an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites" is shown in the passage in _______ respects.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fivePassage 4A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its originalcharacteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather condition existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day "out-look" which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of supercooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional rainfall on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.26. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageousbecause it_______.A. enables man to alter the weatherB. makes weather prediction easierC. gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwiseD. uses electronic instruments27. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage isA. frontsB. thermal changesC. frostD. wind speed28. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_______.A. daily weather mapsB. upper air levelsC. satellite reportsD. changing fronts29. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_____A. 30-day "outlook"B. controlling stormsC. controlling weatherD. determining density of pressure groups30. Artificial rainmaking has been most successful in the_______.A. lake areaB. western slope of mountainsC. grass landsD. windward side of mountains二、完型填空完型填空（一）If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths andweaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would depend, to (2) great extent, (3) your ability to use yourstrengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. (4) the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5)begins ajob convinced that he isn't going to like it or is (6) that he is going to ail is exhibiting aweakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure (7) his belief thathe is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerfulattempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.(10) the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously aweakness. A book-keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw (11)hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and overcome the (13) that youbring to the job of learning. But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first (14) -- stock ofswheres you stand now. (15) -- we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16) -- in some detail withspecific processes for developing and strengthening (17) -- skills. However, (18) -- begin with, youshould pause (19) -- examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical toyour success or failure in school: your (20) --, your reading and communication skills, and your studyhabits.1.A.improvement B.victory C. failure D. achievement2.A.a B.the C. some D. certain3.A.in B.on C. of D. to4.A.Out of B.Of C. To D. Into5.A.who B.what C. that D. which6.A.ensure B.certain C. sure D. surely7.A.onto B.on C. off D. in8.A.to B.at C. of D. for9.A.near B.on C. by D. at10.A.Have B.Had C. Having D. Had been11.A.being B.been C. are D. is12.A.except B.but C. for D. on13.A.idea B.weakness C. strength D. advantage14.A.make B.take C. do D. give15.A.as B.till C. over D. out16.A.deal B.dealt C. be dealt D. dealing17.A.learnt B.learned C. learning D. learn18.A.around B.to C. from D. beside19.A.to B.onto C. into D. with20.A.intelligence B.work C. attitude D. weakness完型填空（二）The rocket engine, with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm, is an impressive symbol of the new space age.Rocket engines have 1 powerful enough to shoot astronauts 2 the earth's gravitational pull and 3 them on the moon.We have now become 4 space.Impressive and complex 5 it may appear, the rocket, which was 6 in China over 800 years 7 , is a relatively simple device.Fuel that is 8 in the rocket engine changes 9 gas.The hot and rapidly 10 gas must escape, but it can do so only 11 an opening that 12 backwar D.As the gas is 13 with great force, it 14 the rocket in the 15 direction.Like the kick of a gun 16 it is fired, it 17 the laws of nature 18 by Sir Isaac Newton when he discovered that“ 19 every action, there is 20 equal and opposite reaction.”1.A.shown B.been C.appeared D.proved2.A.against B.despite C.beyond D.from3.A.send nd C.take D.carry4.A.travelers B.astronauts C.researchers D.explorers5.A.that B.so C.as D.sometimes6.A.made B.discovered C.developed D.invented7.A.in advance B.before C.earlier D.ago8.A.round B.contained C.stored D.burned9.A.as B.into C.for D.the10.A.heating B.escaping C.expanding D.conducting11.A.in B.at C.by D.through12.A.turns B.goes C.faces D.directs13.A.transmitted B.dispersed C.erected D.radiated14.A.attracts B.leads C.pulls D.pushes15.A.same B.other C.opposite D.wrong16.A.that B.when C.if D.although17.A.states B.proves C.follows D.breaks18.A.described B.discussed C.considered D.made19.A.like B.as C.with D.for20.A.no B.an C.another D.theCloze三、翻译1. 电影开演半小时了。
大学英语四级考试阅读PPT课件
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5
4. 练习阅读方法，提高阅读速度
★ 略读或跳读(Skimming)，即从头到尾寻 找重点词、关键句去理解；
★ 查读或扫读(Scanning)，即在文章特定 部分寻找某一线索 。
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5. 如何解决阅读速度假象
一般来讲，我们提倡的快速必须是在对文 章理解的基础上才能进行，也就是希望考 生在一开始不要图快，求速度，但求准确， 什么时候读懂什么时候结束。然后通过一 段时间的训练，理解能力上去了，速度自 然就提高了。
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3. 概括段落大意
上面三种找主题的方法表明：文章中有些句子比 其他句子重要，阅读时可留意：① 各段首句；② 全文末句；③ 第二段第一句。各段首句和全文末
句的重要性可以由上面找主题的方法看出，而第 二段第一句有两个方面的作用：① 如果对第一段 的意思进行转折，它可能为主题句；② 与第一段
末句结合看，就会对主题有明朗认识：如果第二 段第一句顺承第一段末句的意思，那么说明第二 段与第一段讨论的为同一内容，而这个内容通常 就是文章主题。
题本身的关键词回原文寻找与问题有关的地方； 如果问题本身无线索，可从选项中寻找关键词做 线索；② 仔细阅读线索前后的句子；③ 比较试题
中的四个选项，与文中表达的信息一致的即为答 案。这种方法对于局部性题型，如细节题、词汇 题、暗示推理题 (问原文暗示什么的题) 等最为有 效。
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四、阅读的路标——文章十大命题原则
keep them warm in winter / and cold in summer. 以单词为单位阅读这句话，需停 顿26次；如果以斜体线部分划开的意群为 单位来阅读仅仅需要停顿7次。
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三、阅读顺序——先读文章? 还是先读题?
大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析
大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析在日复一日的学习、工作生活中，我们都可能会接触到试题，试题是参考者回顾所学知识和技能的重要参考资料。
相信很多朋友都需要一份能切实有效地帮助到自己的试题吧？以下是我为大家收集的大学生英语四级考试阅读理解精选试题及答案解析，欢迎大家分享。
大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析1The world has become a world of cities. With the present rate of urban growth(3. 8% in the Third World) , the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new example and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trend from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1995.The number of people living in shanty-towns (贫富窟) will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions.Africa alone needs to build 12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third "World cities the proportion of people living in shanty-towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year.The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year, with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on cities can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for the high demographic (人口统计的) growth is poverty, the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means.21. If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the main problem the additional people will face is______.A. housingB. foodC. povertyD. limited land22. According to the passage, "about US $116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year. " Do you think which year was the article written by saying "less than $ 10 billion per year" by theturn of the century?A. 1985.B. 1990.C. 1988.D. 2000.23. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with______.A. a lot of difficultiesB. efforts to improve housing conditionC. pressure of the basic needsD. new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods24. In Africa, people in cities will be______by the end of the century.A. almost twice as much as in 1985B. doubled than that in 1985C. over twice as much as in 1985D. 300 million25. In spite of the efforts to improve housing condition, the number of people living in shanty-towns will increase because______.A. houses in shanty-towns are cheapB. shanty-towns could provide people with minimum comfortC. no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the present immigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third WorldD. the Third Word population is growing at a rate of about 80 million people per year答案：21. C 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. C大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析2There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when theywere giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____. a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______. a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level b.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviroment ck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence d.changes of enviromentproduce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______. a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析3There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief inyour ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析4Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally,thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb【大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析】。
cet4英语四级阅读理解篇PPT课件
5. 观点态度题
在态度题中经常出现的单词有positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, subjective， compromise，indifferent，neutral 等。
一、怎样提高阅读能力
训练方法之课堂篇
精讲精练
题型技巧
全真教
包括“阅读”和“理解” 两个方 面
Writing
Reading
message
Language encoding
passage
Language decoding
message
1 . “阅读” --- 是对文字的识别，对句子表层意义的识别。主要需要语法、词汇知识。
2. “理解” --- 对文章所传达信息的获取，包括对字里行间的言下之意的把握。需要英 语语篇结构知识，超越单句水平的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力（推理，判断，概括、归 纳、总结等），以及文化背景知识等 (文化科学知识以及有关专业知识) 。
走出六级阅读解题的误区
（1）“指读”，即为了“集中注意力”，用手指或笔尖指着文章 细细的逐词阅读。一遇到生词，便停顿下来，无法在通篇理解的基 础上继续进行阅读。也影响整句或整段的意思的理解。 （2）“唇读”，即有的学生在阅读中寺喜欢读出声来，或即使不 出声，嘴唇了蠕动，或脑子里也在想着读音，无形当中影响了大脑 的思维速度。 （3）“回读”，也叫“即时重读”即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉 的短语时，返回句首甚至段首重读；还有相当多的学生对阅读忆经 产生心理定势，即认为自已第一遍肯定读不懂，因此反复多遍，浪 费很多时间。 （4）“译读”，即在阅读过程中，不断地进行膛词逐句的翻译， 通过译成母语来辅助理解。由于没有掌握正确的阅读方法，习惯于 在不加限定的时间内，对一小块文章精雕细琢，导致了逐词阅读接 受信息的习惯。
大学英语英语4级考试(答案) (3)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解Passage1PrecipitationThe dictionary defines the word precipitation as a"falling down",and when the meteorologist uses this word with regard to the weather he is speaking of the rain,snow,sleet,and hail which fall down to earth from the atmosphere.All of these examples of precipitation have something in common.In every case what falls to the earth is water in one form or another.Evaporation.In order to understand why precipitation occurs and to appreciate some of the similarities and differences in the various types of precipitation,we must first find out how water gets into the atmosphere.This will also help us to understand some of the other weather elements like dew and frost,and clouds and fog.Of course you have seen water disappear from a wet street or from the surface of a fish tank.We call this disappearance evaporation.Why does water evaporate and where does the water go?Scientists know that water,like all other substances in the universe, is composed of countless billions of tiny particles known as molecules. The molecules of water are so small they cannot be seen with even themost powerful electron microscopes ever devised.There is ample proof of their existence,however,and we also know that these molecules are constantly darting about and colliding.Now,consider the water in an aquarium.Throughout the tank,water molecules are speeding about and bumping into each other,The constant collisions prevent the tiny particles from getting very far.At the surface of the tank,however,many molecules can escape freely into the air.This is the process of evaporation and it is through this process that water is constantly entering the atmosphere.The molecules of water are,of course,too small to be seen,and so we speak of trie water in the air as an invisible vapor.When the temperature increases,the speed at which the molecules move also increases.Faster-moving molecules escape more rapidly and evaporation is speeded up when it is warm. The sun's rays,heating down on the oceans,lakes,and rivers of the earth, cause the surface water to evaporate and enter the surrounding atmosphere. When the amount of vapor is great,we feel uncomfortable and say that it is humid.At any particular temperature the air can hold only a certain amount of water vapor.If the air is holding a maximum amount of vapor, no more water can evaporate.The meteorologist also says that the humidity at such a time is100%.Condensation.Fortunately,the process of evaporation can reverse itself. Otherwise,the humidity would always be high and precipitation wouldnever take place.The process which is the reverse of evaporation is called condensation and it occurs when the temperature falls.As it becomes cooler,water molecules begin to move more slowly.Collisions take place and molecules hang together to form tiny droplets which are no longer invisible.Cloud Formation.The condensation process explains how clouds are formed. Warm air,laden with moisture,rises into the atmosphere.As the air rises it tends to expand and this causes the temperature to drop.The falling temperature slows down the speed of molecular movement,and the water molecules gather together on dust particles floating around in the atmosphere.This condensation results in the formation of billions of tiny water droplets that make up a cloud.The droplets are so small and lightweight that they are hardly affected by gravity.Slight air movements keep them floating miles above the earth.Sometimes a pass of moist air close to the earth's surface may cool off rather suddenly.This may happen when a body of cold air moves in or when the moist air drifts over a cooler body of water.When this occurs, condensation takes place,but the cloud which forms is right on the surface of the earth rather than high in the atmosphere.Such alow-hanging cloud is called a fog.In composition the fog is exactly the same as a cloud.The only difference between the two is the place in which each occurs.The cloud is high,the fog forms on the ground.In certain areas of the world,such as Newfoundland and the city of London, fogs occurs frequently.This is because local conditions being about sudden cooling of moisture-laden masses of air rather often.Dew and Frost.As the sun warms the earth during the day,evaporation continues to take place.At night,however,the earth cools down as it gives off some of the heat it has received from the sun.Grass loses its heat especially fast.The air which surrounds the grass is full of water vapor.As the moving water molecules strike the cool blades,they slow down and condensation takes place.Thus,millions of molecules come together on the grass to form the tiny water droplets we call dew.Can you understand why dew forms readily on cool,clear nights? The next time you have an ice cream soda you can watch the process of dew formation.As the cold ice cream lowers the temperature to the glass, water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere condenses on the surface and the glass seems to"sweat".This is artificial dew,perhaps,but is from exactly the same reason that dew forms in nature.The freezing point of water is32degrees Fahrenheit.If the temperature should be below freezing when condensation takes place on the grass or on the ground,dew will not form.Instead of growing into dewdrops,the water molecules become tiny crystals of ice.A mass of ice crystals that form in this way is known as frost.It is important to remember that frost is not dew which has frozen.The frost particles form directly from themolecular state when the temperature is sub-freezing.Dew formation and frost formation are essentially the same.The only difference between them is the temperature at which each takes place.Rain and Snow.You will remember that the particles which make up a cloud are very tiny.In fact,the water droplets are so small they float about without falling to the ground.At times,however,these water particles tend to get larger.This may happen when several droplets join with others over and over again.Or,growth may occur if the process of condensation continues to take place.In either event,the original droplet may grow a million times its size into a full sized drip.Of course,the air can no longer keep such large drips afloat and precipitatio'n takes place in the form of rain.1.Precipitation can be controlled to transform deserts into productive lands.2.Rain,snow,sleet and hail are different forms of precipitation.3.The passage is mainly about precipitation processes and forms of precipitation.4.Evaporation is the process of water molecules escapes from the surface of lakes,oceans,rivers or tanks and getting into the atmosphere.5.A fog is a mass of moist air falling to the earth.6.Dew is different from frost in that the former takes place on thecool blades.7.Rain forms when clouds become thick and moist enough.8.The maximum amount of vapor in the air is known as______.9.Water droplets in the air are too small and light to be affected by______and thereforethey are afloat miles above the earth.10.A cloud is identical to a fog in______.Passage2Southern Californians would love to find some way of knowing a month in advance whether a11earthquake will likely strike.One meteorologist suggests atmospheric pressure patterns might provide some12.Jerome Namias of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla,Calif., proposed this13in1988when he reported that an unusually strong high-pressure system developed in the North Pacific before quakes struck southern California in1986and1987.Now Namias has14expanded his analysis by studying the summers between1947and1987.From a15of all southern California earthquakes with magnitudes of4-5or greater during that period,Namias16out the summers with many quakes and those with no quakes.His analysis of the meteorology during these summers shows that quakes were more17under a particular set of conditions;a stronger-than-normal North Pacific high pressure,a low-pressure ridge over the18interior.Summers with no quakes usuallyhad a weak Pacific high and a poorly developed continental high,he reports in the Dec.10JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH.Namias cannot 19the apparent correlation between pressure and seismicity,but he20 that variations in seafloor pressure or in sea-surface temperature might influence both the atmospheric pressure and the ground stress in California.A.damagingB.ideaC.traceD.greatlyE.pickedF.clueG.explain H.forcefullyI.detects J.planK.continental L.listM.predicts N.managing O.likelyPassage3The world has become a world of cities.With the present rate of urban growth(3.8%in the Third World),the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year2000.This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new example and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.This being so,one must accept the fact that for some years to come,no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratorytrend from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World.In Africa, the urban population will reach330million people by the end of the century as against150million in1995.The number of people living in shanty-towns(贫富窟)will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions.Africa alone needs to build12million housing units between now and the year 2000to meet its most basic needs.In an ILO study,M.S.V.Sethuraman estimates that in70Third"World cities the proportion of people living in shanty-towns varies from15%to70%and that about US$116billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US$10billion per year.The world population is growing at a rate of about90million people per year,with the Third World accounting for80million of them.The pressure on cities can only go on increasing.The urban population of the developing countries will exceed2billion people by the year2000and since the main reason for the high demographic(人口统计的)growth is poverty,the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means.21.If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds2 billion people by the year2000,the main problem the additional people will face is______.A.housingB.foodC.povertyD.limited land22.According to the passage,"about US$116billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US$10billion per year."Do you think which year was the article written by saying"less than$10billion per year"by the turn of the century?A.1985.B.1990.C.1988.D.2000.23.The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has becomea world of cities with______.A.a lot of difficultiesB.efforts to improve housing conditionC.pressure of the basic needsD.new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods24.In Africa,people in cities will be______by the end of the century.A.almost twice as much as in1985B.doubled than that in1985C.over twice as much as in1985D.300million25.In spite of the efforts to improve housing condition,the number of people living in shanty-towns will increase because______.A.houses in shanty-towns are cheapB.shanty-towns could provide people with minimum comfortC.no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the presentimmigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World D.the Third Word population is growing at a rate of about80million people per yearPassage4Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States. Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains,to turn brooks into torrents,and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans,and from Pittsburgh to Paducah,the cry"River rising!"is a familiar yet fearful voice...When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to be controlled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes,croplands are washed out,and transportation comes to a halt.Hunger,disease,and death follow the wild waters.Although given less publicity,the agricultural damage done by the many smaller,more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones.In the Central States,ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land.Once,excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands,there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers.Now,systematic drainage has actually eliminated these natural reservoirs.In the more rolling sections of the East,spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest.When large areas were converted to farm use,removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water.The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas.Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands,and partly because storm runoff has increased,the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains.This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement.26.The best title for the selection would be______.A.River Rising!River Rising!B.Forests and FloodsC.Flooding in the U.S.D.The Results of Flooding27.All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______.A.heavy rainB.melting snowC.increasing storm runoffD.porous soil28.The author states that______.kes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirsB.up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores waterC.stream channels are the best carriers of waterD.floods are easily prevented and controlled29.According to the selection,streams overtop their banks partly because______.A.material from higher land is washed into themB.ditches and drains lead into themC.rivers become too swiftD.snow melts more rapidly nowadays30.The floods which are given most publicity______.A.cause no damageB.cause the most damageC.cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller,more frequent floodsD.far exceed the smaller,more frequent floods in agricultural loss二、完型填空完型填空（一）Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that goes into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is(1)I became an animal collector in the first(2).The answer is that I have always been interested inanimals and zoos.According to my parents,the first word I was able to say with any(3)was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”,(4)the word“zoo”,which I would(5)over and over againwith a shrill(6)until someone,in groups to(7)me up,would take me to the zoo.When I(8)a little older,welived in Greece and I had a great(9)of pets,ranging from owls to seahorses,and I spent all my sparetime(10)the countryside in search of fresh specimens to(11)to my collection of pets.(12)on I went fora year to the City Zoo,as a student(13), to get experience of the large animals,such as lions,bears,bison and ostriches,(14)were not easy to keep at home.When I left,I(15)had enough money of myown to be able to(16)my first trip and I have been going(17)ever since then.Though a collector's jobis not an easy one and is full of(18),it is certainly a job which will appeal(19)all those who loveanimals and(20).1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether2.A.region B.field C.place D.case3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch7.A.close B.shut C.stop fort8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrichter B.further C.then D.subsequently13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance17.A.normally B.regularly ually D.often18.A.expectations B.sorrows C.excitement D.disappointments19.A.for B.with C.to D.from20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip完型填空（二）To others and themselves the British have a reputation for being conservative——not in the narrowpolitical sense,but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilling to question them.Thereputation comes partly from their1.For9002they have suffered3invasion nor revolution(except in164941688)nor disastrous defeat in5.Their monarchy(君主政体)survives6serious question.Underits normal7 political arrangements have been8stable that,except for the9 interruptions in theseventeenth10,they have been adopted throughout 11centuries to meet changing needs without violent12.Britain,in1978, was13in managing without14written constitution;some fragmentary definitionsof1688still15.There had been16quarrels,social and economic as well17political,but the quarrelshad been18,usually19compromise.The underlying20had not been broken.nguage B.future C.history D.literature2.A.centuries B.years C.minutes D.seconds3.A.neither B.as C.or D.either4.A.too B.but C.or D.and5.A.home B.study C.peace D.war6.A.and B.without C.with D.neither B.people C.leadership D.enemy8.A.so B.very C.too D.such9.A.two B.one C.no D.couple10.A.month B.day C.year D.century11.A.a B.any C.the D.few12.A.changes B.change C.altered D.changedmon B.popular C.unique D.angry14.A.two B.a C.some D.their15.A.survive B.surviving C.survives D.survived16.A.bitter B.happy C.pleasant D.unhappy17.A.for B.as C.to D.at18.A.settling B.settles C.settle D.settled19.A.for B.at C.to D.by20.A.continue B.continuity C.continuous D.continued三、翻译1、所有的窗户都开着，他就睡着了。
大学英语英语4级考试(答案) (6)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解Passage1OilThere are three main groups of oils:animal,vegetable and mineral.Great quantities of animal oil come from whales,those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world.To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas,nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.When the whale is killed,the blubber is stripped off and boiled down,either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption.A few other creatures yield oil,but none so much as the whale.The livers of the cod and the halibut,two kinds of fish,yield nourishing oil.Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins.These oils may be bought at any chemist's.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity.No household can get on without it,for it is used in cooking.Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers.Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils. To the ordinary man,one kind of oil may be as important as another.But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil,he almost always meansmineral oil the oil that drives tanks,aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives;the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery.This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man.When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine.To it we owe the existence of the motor-car,which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse.To it we owe the possibility of flying.It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea.This kind of oil comes out of the earth.Because it burns well,it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal.Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination;countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps.Because it is very slippery,it is used for lubrication.Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil,the friction and heat are reduced.No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness;if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated. The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time.Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania.No one,however,seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil(煤油)could be made fromit;this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits.When the internal combustion engine was invented,oil became of world wide importance.What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft?Scientists are confident about the formation of coal,but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil.They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past,and was formed from living things in the sea.Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed.They were covered with huge deposits of mud;and by processes of chemistry,pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil.For these creatures to become oil,it was necessary that they sliould be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields of the world;very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today.In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed.The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too.They are sedimentary(tJL${$J)rocks,rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean.Almost always the remains of shells,and other proofs of sea life,are found close to the oil.A very common sedimentary rock is called shale,which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed.And where thereis shale there is likely to be oil.Geologists,scientists who study rocks,indicate the likely places to the oil drillers.In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years.In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt,a substance used for making roads.Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595;it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt.There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.The king of the oilfield is the driller.He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more than a mile into the earth.During the process of drilling,gas and oil at great pressure may suddenly be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire the oil well may never be brought into operation at all.This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent it.There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.The drill may just miss the oil although it is near;on the other hand,it may strike oil at a fairly high level.When the drill goes down,it brings up soil.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil.If they are disappointed at one place,the drillers go to another.Great sums of money have been spent,for example in the deserts of Egypt,in"prospecting" for oil.Sometimes little is found.When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars,we pay not only the cost of the petrol,but also part ofthe cost of the search that is always going on.1.The purpose of lubrication is to reduce friction.2.Mineral oil became very important only when the oil wells were found in Pennsylvania.3.Vegetable oil was unknown in ancient times.4.The passage gives a general description of3main types of oils.5.The Middle East is one of the four main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear.6.On the Island of Trinidad,drilling is not necessary to obtain oil.7.Whales are the largest animals now living in the world.8.Scientists think that oil was formed from______in the sea.9.The cost of unsuccessful drilling is included in______of petrol.10.The driller is unlucky when the drill goes very near oil without _____it.Passage2Resources can be said to be scarce both in an absolute and in a11 sense:the surface of the Earth is limited,12absolute scarcity,but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in13uses.Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes;if the quantity of an input is limited,the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in14of money may not measure its true cost to society.The true cost of,say,the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result.Every act of production uses up some of society's available resources;it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.In deciding how to use resources most effectively to15the wants of the community,this opportunity cost must16be taken into account.In a market17the price of a commodity and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it,and that cost,ultimately,is the cost of not making other goods.The market mechanism enforces this 18.The cost of,say,a pair of shoes is the price of the leather,the labor,the fuel,and other elements used up in producing them.But the price of these inputs,in turn,19on what they can produce elsewhere —if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers,the price of leather will be bid up20Passage3Tight-lipped elders used to say,"It's not what you want in this world, but what you get."Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu,make a shopping list,decide which food to cook first, and such planning is essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise,if you want to find a job,take a sheet of paper,and write a brief account of yourself.In making a blueprint for a job,begin with yourself,for when you know exactly what you have to offer,you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education,experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews.While talkingto you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares"and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something tangible to sell.Then you are ready to hunt for a job.Get all the possible information about your could-be job.Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm.Keep your eyes and ears open,and use your own judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for,and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.21.What do the elders mean when they say,"It's not what you want in this world,but what you get?"…A.You'll certainly get what you want.B.It's no use dreaming.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.It's essential to set a goal for yourself.22.A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_______.A.an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good jobC.a guideline for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation23.According to the passage,one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because_______.A.that is the first step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself24.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something_______.A.definite to offerB.imaginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to present25.The word"tangible"in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.A.imaginaryB.realC.valuableD.expensivePassage4We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some7-8 hours'sleep alternating with some16-17hours'wakefulness and that, broadly speaking,the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one.The ease,for example,with whichpeople can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls forround-the-clock working of machines.It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness,sleeping during the day and working at night.Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week;a person may work from12midnight to8a.m.one week,8a.m.to4p. m.the next,and4p.m.to12midnight the third and so on.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers.An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in1957. She found a high incidence(发生率)of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts,but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy,but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine.One way of knowing when a person has adapted isby measuring his body temperature.People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night;when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed particularly in terms of performance.Therefore,by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine,and this could be used as a basis for selection.So far,however,such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.26.Why is the question of"how easily people can get used to working at night"no mere academic one?A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.27.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system liesin_______.A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB.the disturbance of the daily cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentlyC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers28.The best solution for implementing the24-hour working system seems to be_______.A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftsC.to employ people who work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers29.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because______.A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently30.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker's performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock workingsystem.,C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.二、完型填空Most parents,I suppose,have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children.And they must have1how difficult it is to write a2children’s book.Either the author has aimed too3,so that the children can’t follow what is in his(or more often,her)story,4the story seems to be talking tothe readers.The best children’s books are 5very difficult nor very simple,and satisfy both the6who hears thestory and the adult who7it.Unfortunately,there are in fact8books like this,9the problem of findingthe right bedtime story is not10to solve.This may be why many of books regarded as11of children’s literature were in fact written for12.“Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland”is perhaps the most13of this.Children,left for themselves,often14 the worst possible interest in literature.Just leave a child inbookshop o15and he will16willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way,or have a look at most children’s comics,full of the stories and jokes which are the17of teachers and right-thinkingparents.Perhaps we parents should stop trying to brainwash childrensintos18our taste inliterature.After allchildren and adults are so19that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the20books.So I suppose we’ll just have to compromise over that bedtime story.1.A.hoped B.realized C.told D.said2.A.short B.long C.bad D.good3.A.easy B.short C.high D.difficult4.A.and B.but C.or D.so5.A.both B.neither C.either D.very6.A.child B.father C.mother D.teacher.7.A.hears B.buys C.understands D.reads8.A.few B.many C.a great deal of D.a great number of9.A.but B.however C.so D.because10A.hard B.easy C.enoughD.fast11.A.articles B.work C.arts D.works12.A.grown ups B.girls C.boys D.children13.A.difficult B.hidden C.obvious D.easy14.A.are B.show C.find D.add15.A.school B.home C.office D.library16.A.more B.less C.able D.be17.A.lovingness B.interests C.objections D.readings18.A.receiving B.accepting C.having D.refusing19.A.same B.friendly C.different monmon B.avarage C.different D.Same三、翻译1、The train was delayed on account of snow.翻译：__________________________________________________.2.You need to check in on hour before the flight.翻译：___________________________________________________3.Thoughts can also be expressed by means of musiC.翻译：________________________________________________________4、The shop is now licensed to sell cigarettes.翻译：__________________________________________________.5、You mustn’t let the body temperature drop too low.翻译：________________________________________________________6、他的回答满满的都是炫耀，但根本没答到点子上，让所有的面试官面面相觑。
大学英语英语四级练习卷(及答案) (1)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解阅读理解（一）The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photograph’s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defence of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselves—anything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art, except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aimsof art.Photographers’ disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For example, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by concentrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photography’s prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenomenon of Pop painting during the 1960’s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensibilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist painting—that is, abstract art as developed in different ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matisse—presupposes highly developed skills of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photography, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties andself-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of photography as anactivity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity—in short, an art.1. What is the author mainly concerned with? The author is concerned with[A]. defining the Modernist attitude toward art.[B]. explaining how photography emerged as a fine art.[C]. explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical context.[D]. defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches.2. Which of the following adjectives best describes “the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism” as the author represents it in lines 12—13?[A]. Objective [B]. Mechanical. [C]. Superficial. [D]. Paradoxical.3. Why does the author introduce Abstract Expressionist painter?[A]. He wants to provide an example of artists who, like serious contemporary photographers, disavowed traditionally accepted aims of modern art.[B]. He wants to set forth an analogy between the Abstract Expressionist painters and classical Modernist painters.[C]. He wants to provide a contrast to Pop artist and others.[D]. He wants to provide an explanation of why serious photography, like other contemporary visual forms, is not and should not pretend to be an art.4. How did the nineteenth-century defenders of photography stress the photography?[A]. They stressed photography was a means of making people happy.[B]. It was art for recording the world.[C]. It was a device for observing the world impartially.[D]. It was an art comparable to painting.阅读理解（二）Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnishedby governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.1. Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.2. The American Statistical Association[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.3. The message the author wishes the reader to get is[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.[C]. statisticians love their machine.[D].computer is hopeful.4. The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.二、完型填空完型填空（一）Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children.And they must have 1 how difficult it is to write a 2 children’s book.Either the author has aimed too 3 , so that the children can’t follow what is in his (or more often, her) story, 4 thestory seems to be talking tothe readers. The best children’s books are 5 very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the 6 who hears thestory and the adult who 7 it.Unfortunately, there are in fact 8 books like this, 9 the problem of findingthe right bedtime story is not 10 to solve. This may be why many of books regarded as 11 of children’s literature were in fact written for 12 .“Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland”is perhaps the most 13 of this.Children, left for themselves, often 14 the worst possible interest in literature.Just leave a child inbookshop o 15 and he will 16 willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children’s comics, full of the stories and jokes which are the 17 of teachers and right-thinkingparents.Perhaps we parents should stop trying to brainwash childrensintos 18 our taste in literature.After allchildren and adults are so 19 that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the 20 books.So I suppose we’ll just have to compromise over that bedtime story.1.A.hoped B.realized C.told D.said2.A.short B.long C.bad D.good3.A.easy B.short C.high D.difficult4.A.and B.but C.or D.so5.A.both B.neither C.either D.very6.A.child B.father C.mother D.teacher.7.A.hears B.buys C.understands D.reads8.A.few B.many C.a great deal of D.a great number of9.A.but B.however C.so D.because10A.hard B.easy C.enoughD.fast11.A.articles B.work C.arts D.works12.A.grown ups B.girls C.boys D.children13.A.difficult B.hidden C.obvious D.easy14.A.are B.show C.find D.add15.A.school B.home C.office D.library16.A.more B.less C.able D.be17.A.lovingness B.interests C.objections D.readings18.A.receiving B.accepting C.having D.refusing19.A.same B.friendly C.different monmon B.avarage C.different D.Same完型填空（二）A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into theinfo(information) rich and the info poor. And that __1__ does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this loomingdanger twenty years ago. What was less __2__ then, however, were the new, positive __3__ that work against thedigital divide.__4__,there are reasons to be __5__.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more __6__, it is in the interest of business to universalizeaccess-after all, the more people online, the more potential __7__ there are. More and more __8__, afraid their countries will be left __9__, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be __10__ together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will __11__ rather than widen in the years ahea D. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for __12__ world poverty that we've ever ha D.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to __13__ poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has __14__ potential.To __15__ advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices __16__ respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an __17__ of their sovereignty might well study the history of __18__ (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is __19__ America's Second Wave infrastructure-__20__ roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.1. A) divide B) information C) world D) lecture2. A) obscure B) visible C) invisible D) indistinct3. A) forces B) obstacles C) events D) surprises4. A) Seriously B) Entirely C) Actually D) Continuously5. A) negative B) optimistic C) pleasant D) disappointed6. A) developed B) centralized C) realized D) commercialized7. A) users B) producers C) customers D) citizens8. A) enterprises B) governments C) officials D) customers9. A) away B) for C) aside D) behind10. A) netted B) worked C) put D) organized11. A) decrease B) narrow C) neglect D) low12. A) containing B) preventing C) keeping D) combating13. A) win B) detail C) defeat D) fear14. A) enormous B) countless C) numerical D) big15. A) bring B) keep C) hold D) take16. A) at B) with C) of D) for17. A) offence B) investment C) invasion D) insult18. A) construction B) facility C) infrastructure D) institution19. A) why B) where C) when D) how20. A) concerning B) concluding C) according D) including三、翻译1、 The train was delayed on account of snow.翻译：__________________________________________________.2. You need to check in on hour before the flight.翻译：___________________________________________________3. Thoughts can also be expressed by means of musiC.翻译：________________________________________________________4、The shop is now licensed to sell cigarettes.翻译：__________________________________________________.5、You mustn’t let the body temperature drop too low.翻译：________________________________________________________参考答案：一、阅读理解：阅读理解（一）答案祥解1. C. 说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察。
大学英语四级考试专项讲解(阅读部分)
(Skimming & Scanning)在考什么？
快速阅读要求考生在15分钟内完成一篇1100字左右的文章和后面的10道题。前面7个题是判断正误（包括NOT GIVEN）或选择，后3个是填空题填根据阅读的理解，填三到四个单词（答案基本都是原文中出现的原词）。快速阅读的文章一般分为小标题+题目和无小标题+题目两种类型。这反映出四级考试从单纯的模仿托福的形式转向托福和雅思学习的融合。该题型需要通过略读和寻读法，乃至文章逻辑关系、标点符号等方面的综合运用，实现对随后的题目有效的判断和填写。
第三步：分解对应，四项对比
找到题目在文章中的出处后，将题干的句子进行简单的成分划分，然后将句子的主谓宾各个部分与原文对应，判断Y、N、NG
第四步：分解问题，填写准确
对于填空题，先看所缺的句子成分，然后根据小标题或者题眼找到原文。尽量照抄原文，但要抄得恰到好处，抄得简练，也就是说，题干问什么或缺什么，就抄什么，其余不相干内容不要抄上，保证所填内容的准确性
仔细阅读解题步骤
一．标注词性，预先分组把题目中给出的15个备选答案词汇进行词性分组。根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。
二．浏览全文，预测答案快速扫描文章，预测缺省信息的词性，对个别题目作出预测。选词填空使我们贯彻"先定性，后定词"的原则，即现根据上下文确的所要填的单词的词性，词性确定后，再根据意思从该词性的几个单词中作出选择。在开始选词填空之前，浏览一下文章，了解一下文章大义是必要的，尤其是要仔细看文章的第一句和各段的首句。这是因为西人写文章惯用演绎法，喜欢先把自己要说的意思用一句话概括出来，然后再铺陈论证。