Control_questionnaires_on_quality_control_of_audit_service
6西格玛绿带培训教材(1)
DAY 5 (Analyze Phase分析階段):
- What is a binomial distribution ?什么是二次項分配 - Conditions for the use of the Bernoulli trials (流程) - Graphical illustration of a binomial distribution二項次分配繪制的說明 - Measures of central tendency and dispersion for binomial distribution 二項次分配的集中趨勢和離散趨勢的測量 - Probability calculation with binomial distribution用二項次分配計算概率 - Binomial distribution case studies二項次分配的案例學習 - Characteristics of the Poisson distribution泊松分配的特點 - Probability calculation using Poisson distribution用泊松分配的概率計算 - Poisson distribution as an approximation of binomial distribution 泊松分配是一個比較接近二次項分配的 ------------------------------------Break---------------------------------------------- Poisson distribution case studies泊松分配案例的學習 - Introduction to normal distribution介紹正態分配 - Characteristics of normal distribution典型的正態分配 - Areas under the normal curve正態曲線內部的區域面積的理解 - The use of normal probability distribution table使用概率分配表 - Probability calculation using normal distribution利用正態分配計算概率 - Normal distribution case studies正態分配案例的學習 - Using computer to calculate probability of different distribution 利用電腦計算不同性質的概率分配 ------------------------------------Lunch---------------------------------------------6 点同职场助手频道 (或)海量资料下载 提供管理培训讲座光盘，VCD5元/盘，压缩DVD光盘10元起，非刻录光盘
tms320vc5416数据手册
TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data ManualPRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.Products conform to specifications per the terms of the TexasInstruments standard warranty.Production processing does notnecessarily include testing of all parameters.Literature Number:SPRS095PMarch1999–Revised October2008Revision HistoryTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH 1999–REVISED OCTOBER 2008NOTE:Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.This data sheet revision history highlights the technical changes made to the SPRS095O device-specific data sheet to make it an SPRS095P revision.Scope:This document has been reviewed for technical accuracy;the technical content is up-to-date as of the specified release date with the following corrections.2Revision History Submit Documentation FeedbackContentsTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH 1999–REVISED OCTOBER 2008Revision History ...........................................................................................................................1TMS320VC5416Features.......................................................................................................2Introduction.......................................................................................................................2.1Description ..................................................................................................................2.2PinAssignments............................................................................................................2.2.1TerminalAssignments forthe GGUPackage...............................................................2.2.2Pin AssignmentsforthePGEPackage......................................................................2.2.3Signal Descriptions ..............................................................................................3Functional Overview ...........................................................................................................3.1Memory ......................................................................................................................3.1.1Data Memory .....................................................................................................3.1.2Program Memory ................................................................................................3.1.3Extended Program Memory ...................................................................................3.2On-Chip ROM With Bootloader ...........................................................................................3.3On-Chip RAM ...............................................................................................................3.4On-Chip Memory Security .................................................................................................3.5Memory Map ................................................................................................................3.5.1Relocatable Interrupt Vector Table ............................................................................3.6On-Chip Peripherals .......................................................................................................3.6.1Software-Programmable Wait-State Generator .............................................................3.6.2Programmable Bank-Switching ................................................................................3.6.3Bus Holders ......................................................................................................3.7Parallel I/O Ports ...........................................................................................................3.7.1Enhanced 8-/16-Bit Host-Port Interface (HPI8/16)..........................................................3.7.2HPI Nonmultiplexed Mode ......................................................................................3.8Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports (McBSPs)..........................................................................3.9Hardware Timer ............................................................................................................3.10Clock Generator ............................................................................................................3.11Enhanced External Parallel Interface (XIO2)...........................................................................3.12DMA Controller .............................................................................................................3.12.1Features ..........................................................................................................3.12.2DMA External Access ...........................................................................................3.12.3DMA Memory Maps .............................................................................................3.12.4DMA Priority Level ...............................................................................................3.12.5DMA Source/Destination Address Modification .............................................................3.12.6DMA in Autoinitialization Mode ................................................................................3.12.7DMA Transfer Counting .........................................................................................3.12.8DMA Transfer in Doubleword Mode ..........................................................................3.12.9DMA Channel Index Registers .................................................................................3.12.10DMA Interrupts ..................................................................................................3.12.11DMA Controller Synchronization Events .....................................................................3.13General-Purpose I/O Pins .................................................................................................3.13.1McBSP Pins as General-Purpose I/O .........................................................................3.13.2HPI Data Pins as General-Purpose I/O ......................................................................3.14Device ID Register .........................................................................................................3.15Memory-Mapped Registers ...............................................................................................3.16McBSP Control Registers and Subaddresses ..........................................................................3.17DMA Subbank Addressed Registers ....................................................................................3.18Interrupts ....................................................................................................................4Support .............................................................................................................................Contents3TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 4.1Documentation Support...................................................................................................4.2Device and Development-Support Tool Nomenclature................................................................5Electrical Specifications......................................................................................................5.1Absolute Maximum Ratings...............................................................................................5.2Recommended Operating Conditions...................................................................................5.3Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................5.3.1Test Loading.....................................................................................................5.3.2Timing Parameter Symbology............................................................................................5.3.3Internal Oscillator With External Crystal.................................................................................5.4Clock Options...............................................................................................................5.4.1Divide-By-Two and Divide-By-Four Clock Options..........................................................5.4.2Multiply-By-N Clock Option(PLL Enabled)...................................................................5.5Memory and Parallel I/O Interface Timing..............................................................................5.5.1Memory Read....................................................................................................5.5.2Memory Write....................................................................................................5.5.3I/O Read..........................................................................................................5.5.4I/O Write..........................................................................................................5.5.5Ready Timing for Externally Generated Wait States..................................................................5.5.6and Timings...............................................................................................5.5.7Reset,BIO,Interrupt,and MP/MC Timings.............................................................................5.5.8Instruction Acquisition and Interrupt Acknowledge Timings..........................................5.5.9External Flag(XF)and TOUT Timings..................................................................................5.5.10Multichannel Buffered Serial Port(McBSP)Timing...................................................................5.5.10.1McBSP Transmit and Receive Timings....................................................................5.5.10.2McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timing.......................................................................5.5.10.3McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing....................................................................5.5.11Host-Port Interface Timing...............................................................................................5.5.11.1HPI8Mode.....................................................................................................5.5.11.2HPI16Mode....................................................................................................6Mechanical Data.................................................................................................................6.1Package Thermal Resistance Characteristics..........................................................................4Contents Submit Documentation FeedbackTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008List of Figures2-1144-Ball GGU MicroStar BGA™(Bottom View).............................................................................2-2144-Pin PGE Low-Profile Quad Flatpack(Top View).......................................................................3-1TMS320VC5416Functional Block Diagram..................................................................................3-2Program and Data Memory Map................................................................................................3-3Extended Program Memory Map...............................................................................................3-4Process Mode Status Register..................................................................................................3-5Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)[Memory-Mapped Register(MMR)Address0028h].........................3-6Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)[Memory-Mapped Register(MMR)Address0028h].........................3-7Bank-Switching Control Register BSCR)[MMR Address0029h]...........................................................3-8Host-Port Interface—Nonmulltiplexed Mode.................................................................................3-9HPI Memory Map.................................................................................................................3-10Multichannel Control Register(MCR1).........................................................................................3-11Multichannel Control Register(MCR2).........................................................................................3-12Pin Control Register(PCR)......................................................................................................3-13Nonconsecutive Memory Read and I/O Read Bus Sequence.............................................................3-14Consecutive Memory Read Bus Sequence(n=3reads)..................................................................3-15Memory Write and I/O Write Bus Sequence.................................................................................3-16DMA Transfer Mode Control Register(DMMCRn)...........................................................................3-17On-Chip DMA Memory Map for Program Space(DLAXS=0and SLAXS=0).........................................3-18On-Chip DMA Memory Map for Data and IO Space(DLAXS=0and SLAXS=0)....................................3-19DMPREC Register................................................................................................................3-20General-Purpose I/O Control Register(GPIOCR)[MMR Address003Ch]................................................3-21General-Purpose I/O Status Register(GPIOSR)[MMR Address003Dh].................................................3-22Device ID Register(CSIDR)[MMR Address003Eh].........................................................................3-23IFR and IMR Registers...........................................................................................................5-1Tester Pin Electronics............................................................................................................5-2Internal Divide-By-Two Clock Option With External Crystal...............................................................5-3External Divide-By-Two Clock Timing.........................................................................................5-4Multiply-By-One Clock Timing..................................................................................................5-5Nonconsecutive Mode Memory Reads.......................................................................................5-6Consecutive Mode Memory Reads............................................................................................5-7Memory Write(MSTRB=0)....................................................................................................5-8Parallel I/O Port Read(IOSTRB=0).........................................................................................5-9Parallel I/O Port Write(IOSTRB=0)..........................................................................................5-10Memory Read With Externally Generated Wait States.....................................................................5-11Memory Write With Externally Generated Wait States.....................................................................5-12I/O Read With Externally Generated Wait States...........................................................................5-13I/O Write With Externally Generated Wait States...........................................................................5-14HOLD and HOLDA Timings(HM=1).........................................................................................List of Figures5TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 5-15Reset and BIO Timings.........................................................................................................5-16Interrupt Timing..................................................................................................................5-17MP/MC Timing...................................................................................................................5-18Instruction Acquisition(IAQ)and Interrupt Acknowledge(IACK)Timings................................................5-19External Flag(XF)Timing......................................................................................................5-20TOUT Timing.....................................................................................................................5-21McBSP Receive Timings.......................................................................................................5-22McBSP Transmit Timings.......................................................................................................5-23McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timings........................................................................................5-24McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0....................................................5-25McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0....................................................5-26McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1....................................................5-27McBSP Timing as SPI Master or Slave:CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1....................................................5-28Using HDS to Control Accesses(HCS Always Low)........................................................................5-29Using HCS to Control Accesses...............................................................................................5-30HINT Timing......................................................................................................................5-31GPIOx Timings...................................................................................................................5-32Nonmultiplexed Read Timings.................................................................................................5-33Nonmultiplexed Write Timings.................................................................................................5-34HRDY Relative to CLKOUT....................................................................................................6List of Figures Submit Documentation FeedbackTMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008List of Tables2-1Terminal Assignments for the TMS320VC5416GGU(144-Pin BGA Package).........................................2-2Signal Descriptions...............................................................................................................3-1Standard On-Chip ROM Layout...............................................................................................3-2Processor Mode Status(PMST)Register Bit Fields........................................................................3-3Software Wait-State Register(SWWSR)Bit Fields.........................................................................3-4Software Wait-State Control Register(SWCR)Bit Fields..................................................................3-5Bank-Switching Control Register(BSCR)Fields..............................................................................3-6Bus Holder Control Bits..........................................................................................................3-7Sample Rate Input Clock Selection...........................................................................................3-8Clock Mode Settings at Reset.................................................................................................3-9DMD Section of the DMMCRn Register......................................................................................3-10DMA Reload Register Selection...............................................................................................3-11DMA Interrupts...................................................................................................................3-12DMA Synchronization Events..................................................................................................3-13DMA Channel Interrupt Selection..............................................................................................3-14Device ID Register(CSIDR)Bits................................................................................................3-15CPU Memory-Mapped Registers................................................................................................3-16Peripheral Memory-Mapped Registers for Each DSP Subsystem........................................................3-17McBSP Control Registers and Subaddresses.................................................................................3-18DMA Subbank Addressed Registers...........................................................................................3-19Interrupt Locations and Priorities................................................................................................5-1Input Clock Frequency Characteristics.........................................................................................5-2Clock Mode Pin Settings for the Divide-By-2and By Divide-By-4Clock Options.......................................5-3Divide-By-2and Divide-By-4Clock Options Timing Requirements.......................................................5-4Divide-By-2and Divide-By-4Clock Options Switching Characteristics...................................................5-5Multiply-By-N Clock Option Timing Requirements..........................................................................5-6Multiply-By-N Clock Option Switching Characteristics......................................................................5-7Memory Read Timing Requirements..........................................................................................5-8Memory Read Switching Characteristics.....................................................................................5-9Memory Write Switching Characteristics.....................................................................................5-10I/O Read Timing Requirements................................................................................................5-11I/O Read Switching Characteristics...........................................................................................5-12I/O Write Switching Characteristics............................................................................................5-13Ready Timing Requirements for Externally Generated Wait States......................................................5-14Ready Switching Characteristics for Externally Generated Wait States..................................................5-15HOLD and HOLDA Timing Requirements....................................................................................5-16HOLD and HOLDA Switching Characteristics...............................................................................5-17Reset,BIO,Interrupt,and MP/MC Timing Requirements..................................................................5-18Instruction Acquisition(IAQ)and Interrupt Acknowledge(IACK)Switching Characteristics...........................List of Tables7TMS320VC5416Fixed-Point Digital Signal ProcessorSPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED 5-19External Flag(XF)and TOUT Switching Characteristics...................................................................5-20McBSP Transmit and Receive Timing Requirements.......................................................................5-21McBSP Transmit and Receive Switching Characteristics..................................................................5-22McBSP General-Purpose I/O Timing Requirements........................................................................5-23McBSP General-Purpose I/O Switching Characteristics...................................................................5-24McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0).................................5-25McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=0).............................5-26McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0).................................5-27McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=0).............................5-28McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1).................................5-29McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=10b,CLKXP=1).............................5-30McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Timing Requirements(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1).................................5-31McBSP as SPI Master or Slave Switching Characteristics(CLKSTP=11b,CLKXP=1).............................5-32HPI8Mode Timing Requirements.............................................................................................5-33HPI8Mode Switching Characteristics..........................................................................................5-34HPI16Mode Timing Requirements............................................................................................5-35HPI16Mode Switching Characteristics.......................................................................................6-1Thermal Resistance Characteristics............................................................................................8Submit Documentation Feedback List of Tables1TMS320VC5416FeaturesTMS320VC5416 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor SPRS095P–MARCH1999–REVISED OCTOBER2008Reads•Advanced Multibus Architecture With ThreeSeparate16-Bit Data Memory Buses and One•Arithmetic Instructions With Parallel Store and Program Memory Bus Parallel Load•40-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)Including a•Conditional Store Instructions40-Bit Barrel Shifter and Two Independent•Fast Return From Interrupt 40-Bit Accumulators•On-Chip Peripherals•17-×17-Bit Parallel Multiplier Coupled to a–Software-Programmable Wait-State 40-Bit Dedicated Adder for Non-Pipelined Generator and ProgrammableSingle-Cycle Multiply/Accumulate(MAC)Bank-SwitchingOperation–On-Chip Programmable Phase-Locked •Compare,Select,and Store Unit(CSSU)for the Loop(PLL)Clock Generator With External Add/Compare Selection of the Viterbi Operator Clock Source–One16-Bit Timer•Exponent Encoder to Compute an Exponent–Six-Channel Direct Memory Access(DMA) Value of a40-Bit Accumulator Value in aControllerSingle Cycle–Three Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports •Two Address Generators With Eight Auxiliary(McBSPs)Registers and Two Auxiliary Register–8/16-Bit Enhanced Parallel Host-Port Arithmetic Units(ARAUs)Interface(HPI8/16)•Data Bus With a Bus Holder Feature•Power Consumption Control With IDLE1,•Extended Addressing Mode for8M×16-Bit IDLE2,and IDLE3Instructions With Maximum Addressable External ProgramPower-Down ModesSpace•CLKOUT Off Control to Disable CLKOUT •128K×16-Bit On-Chip RAM Composed of:•On-Chip Scan-Based Emulation Logic,IEEE –Eight Blocks of8K×16-Bit On-ChipStd1149.1(JTAG)Boundary Scan Logic(1) Dual-Access Program/Data RAM•144-Pin Ball Grid Array(BGA)(GGU Suffix)–Eight Blocks of8K×16-Bit On-ChipSingle-Access Program RAM•144-Pin Low-Profile Quad Flatpack(LQFP)(PGE Suffix)•16K×16-Bit On-Chip ROM Configured forProgram Memory• 6.25-ns Single-Cycle Fixed-Point InstructionExecution Time(160MIPS)•Enhanced External Parallel Interface(XIO2)•8.33-ns Single-Cycle Fixed-Point Instruction •Single-Instruction-Repeat and Block-RepeatExecution Time(120MIPS) Operations for Program Code• 3.3-V I/O Supply Voltage(160and120MIPS)•Block-Memory-Move Instructions for BetterProgram and Data Management• 1.6-V Core Supply Voltage(160MIPS)•Instructions With a32-Bit Long Word Operand• 1.5-V Core Supply Voltage(120MIPS)(1)IEEE Standard1149.1-1990Standard-Test-Access Port and •Instructions With Two-or Three-OperandBoundary Scan ArchitectureTMS320C54x,TMS320are trademarks of Texas Instruments.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.Copyright©1999–2008,Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the TexasInstruments standard warranty.Production processing does notnecessarily include testing of all parameters.。
神经外科压力性损伤高危患者过程管理及质量控制
安徽卫生职业技术学院学报 2021年20卷第1期·9·神经外科压力性损伤高危患者过程管理及质量控制江丕菊 陈 坤 刘 玉【中图分类号】 R473.74 【文献标识码】 Ａ 【文章编号】 1671-8054（2021）01-0009-03【摘 要】 目的：探讨过程管理及质量控制在神经外科压力性损伤高危患者中的应用。
方法：选取某院神经科2018年1月-6月的140例压力性损伤高危患者为对照组，予常规的压力性损伤管理，选取2018年7月-12月的187例压力性损伤高危患者为观察组，采取过程管理及质量控制，统计两组压力性损伤发生率，分析两组的差异。
结果：对照组患者发生压力性损伤4例（2.9%），观察组患者未发生压力性损伤，观察组患者压力性损伤发生率显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。
结论：实施过程管理及质量控制，能降低压力性损伤发生率，提高护理质量，值得临床推广。
【关键词】 压力性损伤 过程管理 护理 质量控制压疮又称压力性损伤，是发生在皮肤和(或)潜在皮下软组织的局限性损伤，通常发生在骨隆突处或与医疗或其他设备有关的损伤[1]。
国内外一致认为，压力性损伤发生率是护理质量的敏感指标[2]（NSIs），被列入JCI和我国等级医院评审的标准。
压力性损伤管理已成为医院的管理重点以及评价护理质量的重要监测指标。
其发生、发展和防治是连续、动态的过程，所以实施过程管理可以科学、有效地监控[3]。
本研究通过对比分析过程管理和质量控制在神经外科高危压力性损伤风险患者管理中的应用效果。
1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 选取我科2018年1月-6月的140例压力性损伤高危患者为对照组，予常规的压力性损伤管理，选取2018年7月-12月的187例压力性损伤高危患者为观察组，采取过程管理及质量控制。
患者入院时使用Barden评分表进行评估。
①纳入标准：Braden评分≤16分，年龄≥14岁，GCS评分≤12分。
诺瓦科技无线LED控制卡LED多媒体播放器TB1详细参数说明书
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is a trademark of Xi'an NovaStar Tech Co., Ltd.
Statement You are welcome to use the product of Xi'an NovaStar Tech Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as NovaStar). This document is intended to help you understand and use the product. For accuracy and reliability, NovaStar may make improvements and/or changes to this document at any time and without notice. If you experience any problems in use or have any suggestions, please contact us via contact info given in document. We will do our best to solve any issues, as well as evaluate and implement any suggestions.
ICS 2 Inline Controller 产品说明书
ICS 2 Inline ControllerContinuous Only Operation• Fast response time - 30µS gating time • Wash down version available• 0 - 100% Intensity Control with optional DCS-MP , purchased separately, will provide manual intensity control via an external potentiometer• ICS provides optimum current drive to a light head assembly, replacing external current driver units• Intensity control is is also achieved via a 0-10 volt s input. This adjusts the controller between 0%-100%• DC gate control input is available to enable/disable the ICS output, thereby turning the light on and off• The ICS unit employs reverse input polarity protection.Shown with the SL191R(.84)(TYP .)(TYP.)The ICS is not detachable. Standard location is 254mm (10”) from the light head. Standard cable length (include the ICS) is 1.5m (59”)Measurements in millimeters (in)Reference resistance value for output current adjustment (typical)3-in-1 Dimming Modes1 ~ 10V dimming function for output current adjustment (typical)10V PWM signmar for output current adjustment (typical): Frequency range 100Hz ~3KHz NOTE : When using the PWM dimming method, the device does not provide any filtering of the PWM signal. This means the PWM frequency could potentially be seen by high speed cameras and/or cameras with short exposure periods.Using the built-in dimming function, a fixed (or variable resistor/potentiometer) can be used to dim the unit at various leves ofintensity.ICS Connection and Wiring DiagramsSTANDARD OPERATION LIGHT IS ALWAYS ONDCS-MP Manual Dimming Control Wiring Diagram for ICS 2• All ICS 2 connections must only be made at the input/output terminal via flying leads.• The DCS-MP is compatible only with lights built with the ICS 2 or ICS 3 wiring option after 3/1/2012. It cannot be used with 24v voltage drive lights, or the ICS 1.0.IC-M12Please note that IC-M12 ordering option is not directly compatible with DCS-MP control due to the different pin assignments between ICS 2 and ICS 3. In order to use an IC-M12 with the DCS-MP , you must remove the M12 connector and wire the flying leads to the input/output terminal as shown. It is also possible, however to replace the molded IC-M12 with a fi eld-wireable 5-pin male M12 – please contact Ai for more detail and proper pin assignments.For information on existing orders, or to make an order adjustment, contact us Monday through Friday 8:00amto5:**************************************.Advanced IlluminationEmail: *****************************Web: © 2015 Advanced Illumination Inc. All rights reserved440 State Garage Road, Rochester VT. 05767Phone: 802.767.3830Fax: 802.767.3831This product was tested and complies with the regulatory requirements and limits for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) as stated in the product specifi cations. These requirements and limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference only when the product is operated in its intended industrial electromagnetic environment. To minimize the potential for electromagnetic interference or unacceptable performance degradation,install and use this product in strict accordance with the instructions in the product documentation.Every Advanced illumination, Inc. (Ai) product is thoroughly inspected and tested before leaving the factory. Products are warranted to be free of defects in workmanship and materials for a period of two years from the original date of purchase. Should a defect develop during this period, please contact Ai Customer Service or your Ai distributor for a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA), and return the complete product, freight prepaid, to Ai. If a defect is found, Ai will - at our discretion - repair or replace the product without charge. Ai claims no liability for any implied warranties, including “merchantability” and “fi tness for a specific purpose.”。
Switchtec PSX Gen 4 可编程 PCIe 交换机系列说明书
Switchtec TM PSX Gen 4 Programmable PCIe® Switch Family PM41100, PM41084, PM41068, PM41052, PM41036, PM41028FeaturesHigh-Performance Non-Blocking Gen 4 Switches• 100-lane, 84-lane, 68-lane, 52-lane, 36-lane and 28-lane variants• Ports bifurcate to x11/x2/x4/x8/x16 lanes• Up to 48 NTBs assignable to any port• Logical Non-Transparent (NT) interconnect allows for larger topologies (up to 256 masters)• Supports 1+1 and N+1 failover mechanisms• NT address translation using direct windows and multiple sub-windows per BAR• Supports multicast groups per portDMA Controller• High-performance, ultra-low latency cut-through DMA engine• Up to 64 DMA channels1 x1 natively on four lanes Error Containment• Advanced Error Reporting (AER) on all ports• Downstream Port Containment (DPC) on all downstream ports• Completion Timeout Synthesis (CTS) to prevent an error state in an upstream host due to incomplete non-posted transactions• Upstream Error Containment (UEC), a programmable feature that prevents errors from propagating upstream • Hot- and surprise-plug controllers per port• GPIOs configurable for different cable/connector standardsDiagnostics and Debug• Transaction Layer Packet (TLP) generator for testing and debugging of links and error handling• Real-time eye capture• External loopback capability• Errors, statistics, performance and TLP latency counters PCIe Interfaces• Passive, managed and optical cables• SFF-8644, SFF-8643, SFF-8639, OCuLink and other connectors • SHPC-enabled slot and edge connectorsThe Microchip name and logo and the Microchip logo are registered trademarks and Switchtec is a trademark of MicrochipTechnology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.© 2021, Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. 7/21 DS00002867FHighlights• High-reliability PCIe: robust error containment, hot- andsurprise-plug controllers per port, end-to-end dataintegrity protection, ECC protection on RAMs, high-quality, low-power SERDES• PSX Software Development Kit (SDK): enables customer-differentiated solutions in areas such as error contain -ment and surprise-plug• Integrated enclosure management processor, I/O in-terfaces, and SDK for enclosure management firmware development• Comprehensive diagnostics and debugging: PCIe genera-tor and analyzer, per-port performance and error coun-ters, multiple loopback modes and real-time eye capture •Significant power, cost and board space savings with support for:• Up to 52 ports, 48 NTBs, and 26 virtual switch parti-tions• Flexible x11, x2, x4, x8, and x16 port bifurcation with no restrictions on configuring ports as either up -stream or downstream, or on mapping ports to NTBs •NVMe-MI enclosure management:• Integrated NVMe controller• In-band management supporting SES and native NVMe enclosure management stack• Out-of-band management supporting MCTP through I 2C•Secure system solution with boot image authenticationPeripheral I/O Interfaces• Up to 11 Two-Wire Interfaces (TWIs) with SMBus support • Up to 4 SFF-8485-compliant SGPIO ports • Up to 103 GPIO pins• 10/100 Ethernet MAC port (MII/RMII) (PSX 100x/84x/68xG4)• 16-bit parallel local bus interface with ECC protection • Up to 4 UARTs•JTAG and EJTAG interfaceHigh-Speed I/O• PCIe Gen 4 16 GT/s• Supports PCIe-compliant link training and manual PHY configuration•Manual PHY configuration for opticalPower Management• Active State Power Management (ASPM)• Software-controlled power managementChipLink Diagnostic Tools• Extensive debug, diagnostics, configuration and analysis tools with an intuitive GUI• Access to configuration data, management capabilities and signal integrity analysis tools (such as real-time eye capture)•Connects to device over in-band PCIe or sideband signals (UART, TWI and EJTAG)Evaluation KitThe PM42100-KIT Switchtec Gen 4 PCIe Switch Evaluation Kit is a device evaluation environment that supports multiple interfaces.Example Application1x1 natively on four lanes。
循证医学与系统评价诊断学
Critically appraising systematic reviews
1. What are the review’s objectives? To focus on well-defined questions, stating the populations, intervention/control groups, and outcomes to be included. 2. How comprehensive was the search strategy? To search for all the literature relevant to the question. Published and unpublished literature should be sought, any restrictions regarding language of publication should be stated and justified, as should the time period covered by the search. Ideally a systematic review needs to be up to date, incorporating all the recent literature.
How to produce a Systematic Review?
How is a systematic review conducted?
First step: to specify a tight question. population (group to whom the intervention will apply), intervention (the therapy, treatment or preventive policy to be carried out), comparison (what will the intervention be compared against – it could be a common alternative intervention, a placebo or no intervention) and outcomes (what do we wish to measure at the end, what is important to us and to consumers?).
Robust Control
Robust ControlRobust control is a critical concept in the field of engineering and technology, particularly in the realm of control systems. It refers to the ability of a control system to maintain stable and satisfactory performance in the face of various uncertainties and disturbances. This is a highly important aspect ofcontrol system design, as real-world systems are often subject to a wide range of uncertainties, such as changes in operating conditions, variations in parameters, and external disturbances. In this response, we will explore the significance of robust control from various perspectives, including its importance in different engineering applications, its challenges and limitations, and the strategies and techniques used to achieve robust control. From an engineering perspective,robust control plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and performance of control systems in a variety of applications. For instance, in the field of aerospace engineering, where systems are often subject to unpredictable environmental conditions and disturbances, robust control is essential forensuring the safety and reliability of aircraft and spacecraft. Similarly, in the realm of automotive engineering, robust control is vital for the stability and performance of vehicle control systems, particularly in the presence of uncertainties such as varying road conditions and external disturbances. In industrial automation and manufacturing, robust control is also critical for maintaining the stability and efficiency of production processes, where uncertainties in operating conditions and disturbances can have significantimpacts on product quality and process reliability. One of the key challenges in achieving robust control is the inherent uncertainties and variations present in real-world systems. These uncertainties can arise from various sources, including variations in system parameters, modeling errors, external disturbances, and environmental changes. Traditional control design techniques, which rely onprecise mathematical models and assumptions of known system dynamics, may not be sufficient to address these uncertainties. As a result, robust control requiresthe development of innovative strategies and techniques that can effectivelyhandle and mitigate the effects of uncertainties on system performance. This often involves the use of advanced control design methods, such as robust control theory,adaptive control, and model predictive control, which are specifically tailored to address uncertainties and variations in system dynamics. In addition to uncertainties, another significant challenge in achieving robust control is the trade-off between performance and robustness. In many cases, improving the robustness of a control system may come at the expense of its performance, andvice versa. For example, increasing the robustness of a control system to handle uncertainties and disturbances may result in slower response times or reduced control accuracy. Conversely, optimizing a control system for high performance may make it more susceptible to uncertainties and disturbances. Balancing these trade-offs is a complex and delicate task that requires careful consideration of the specific requirements and constraints of the application at hand. Engineers and control system designers must carefully weigh the trade-offs between performance and robustness to achieve an optimal balance that meets the desired performanceand stability criteria. To address these challenges, engineers and researchers have developed a wide range of techniques and strategies for achieving robust control in various engineering applications. These include robust control design methods, such as H-infinity control, mu-synthesis, and loop shaping, which are specifically tailored to handle uncertainties and variations in system dynamics. These methods leverage advanced mathematical tools and optimization techniques to design control systems that are inherently robust to uncertainties and disturbances. Additionally, techniques such as adaptive control and modelpredictive control enable control systems to adapt and adjust their behavior inreal time to accommodate changes in system dynamics and operating conditions, further enhancing their robustness and performance. Furthermore, the emergence of advanced technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, has opened up new opportunities for achieving robust control in complex and uncertain environments. These technologies enable control systems to learn from data and experience, and to adapt their behavior based on real-time observations and feedback. By leveraging machine learning and AI techniques, control systems can enhance their robustness and adaptability to uncertainties and disturbances, ultimately improving their performance and reliability in real-world applications. In conclusion, robust control is a critical concept in the field of engineeringand technology, with far-reaching implications for the stability and performance of control systems in various applications. Achieving robust control poses significant challenges, including handling uncertainties, balancing trade-offs between performance and robustness, and developing effective strategies and techniques for robust control design. However, with the advancement of control theory, advanced mathematical tools, and emerging technologies, engineers and researchers are well-equipped to address these challenges and to develop innovative solutions for achieving robust control in complex and uncertain environments. As the demand for high-performance and reliable control systems continues to grow in various engineering applications, the pursuit of robust control will remain a central focus of research and development in the field of control systems engineering.。
Indradrive 系列 故障代码
Error MessagesF9001 Error internal function call.F9002 Error internal RTOS function callF9003 WatchdogF9004 Hardware trapF8000 Fatal hardware errorF8010 Autom. commutation: Max. motion range when moving back F8011 Commutation offset could not be determinedF8012 Autom. commutation: Max. motion rangeF8013 Automatic commutation: Current too lowF8014 Automatic commutation: OvercurrentF8015 Automatic commutation: TimeoutF8016 Automatic commutation: Iteration without resultF8017 Automatic commutation: Incorrect commutation adjustment F8018 Device overtemperature shutdownF8022 Enc. 1: Enc. signals incorr. (can be cleared in ph. 2) F8023 Error mechanical link of encoder or motor connectionF8025 Overvoltage in power sectionF8027 Safe torque off while drive enabledF8028 Overcurrent in power sectionF8030 Safe stop 1 while drive enabledF8042 Encoder 2 error: Signal amplitude incorrectF8057 Device overload shutdownF8060 Overcurrent in power sectionF8064 Interruption of motor phaseF8067 Synchronization PWM-Timer wrongF8069 +/-15Volt DC errorF8070 +24Volt DC errorF8076 Error in error angle loopF8078 Speed loop error.F8079 Velocity limit value exceededF8091 Power section defectiveF8100 Error when initializing the parameter handlingF8102 Error when initializing power sectionF8118 Invalid power section/firmware combinationF8120 Invalid control section/firmware combinationF8122 Control section defectiveF8129 Incorrect optional module firmwareF8130 Firmware of option 2 of safety technology defectiveF8133 Error when checking interrupting circuitsF8134 SBS: Fatal errorF8135 SMD: Velocity exceededF8140 Fatal CCD error.F8201 Safety command for basic initialization incorrectF8203 Safety technology configuration parameter invalidF8813 Connection error mains chokeF8830 Power section errorF8838 Overcurrent external braking resistorF7010 Safely-limited increment exceededF7011 Safely-monitored position, exceeded in pos. DirectionF7012 Safely-monitored position, exceeded in neg. DirectionF7013 Safely-limited speed exceededF7020 Safe maximum speed exceededF7021 Safely-limited position exceededF7030 Position window Safe stop 2 exceededF7031 Incorrect direction of motionF7040 Validation error parameterized - effective thresholdF7041 Actual position value validation errorF7042 Validation error of safe operation modeF7043 Error of output stage interlockF7050 Time for stopping process exceeded8.3.15 F7051 Safely-monitored deceleration exceeded (159)8.4 Travel Range Errors (F6xxx) (161)8.4.1 Behavior in the Case of Travel Range Errors (161)8.4.2 F6010 PLC Runtime Error (162)8.4.3 F6024 Maximum braking time exceeded (163)8.4.4 F6028 Position limit value exceeded (overflow) (164)8.4.5 F6029 Positive position limit exceeded (164)8.4.6 F6030 Negative position limit exceeded (165)8.4.7 F6034 Emergency-Stop (166)8.4.8 F6042 Both travel range limit switches activated (167)8.4.9 F6043 Positive travel range limit switch activated (167)8.4.10 F6044 Negative travel range limit switch activated (168)8.4.11 F6140 CCD slave error (emergency halt) (169)8.5 Interface Errors (F4xxx) (169)8.5.1 Behavior in the Case of Interface Errors (169)8.5.2 F4001 Sync telegram failure (170)8.5.3 F4002 RTD telegram failure (171)8.5.4 F4003 Invalid communication phase shutdown (172)8.5.5 F4004 Error during phase progression (172)8.5.6 F4005 Error during phase regression (173)8.5.7 F4006 Phase switching without ready signal (173)8.5.8 F4009 Bus failure (173)8.5.9 F4012 Incorrect I/O length (175)8.5.10 F4016 PLC double real-time channel failure (176)8.5.11 F4017 S-III: Incorrect sequence during phase switch (176)8.5.12 F4034 Emergency-Stop (177)8.5.13 F4140 CCD communication error (178)8.6 Non-Fatal Safety Technology Errors (F3xxx) (178)8.6.1 Behavior in the Case of Non-Fatal Safety Technology Errors (178)8.6.2 F3111 Refer. missing when selecting safety related end pos (179)8.6.3 F3112 Safe reference missing (179)8.6.4 F3115 Brake check time interval exceeded (181)Troubleshooting Guide | Rexroth IndraDrive Electric Drivesand ControlsI Bosch Rexroth AG VII/XXIITable of ContentsPage8.6.5 F3116 Nominal load torque of holding system exceeded (182)8.6.6 F3117 Actual position values validation error (182)8.6.7 F3122 SBS: System error (183)8.6.8 F3123 SBS: Brake check missing (184)8.6.9 F3130 Error when checking input signals (185)8.6.10 F3131 Error when checking acknowledgment signal (185)8.6.11 F3132 Error when checking diagnostic output signal (186)8.6.12 F3133 Error when checking interrupting circuits (187)8.6.13 F3134 Dynamization time interval incorrect (188)8.6.14 F3135 Dynamization pulse width incorrect (189)8.6.15 F3140 Safety parameters validation error (192)8.6.16 F3141 Selection validation error (192)8.6.17 F3142 Activation time of enabling control exceeded (193)8.6.18 F3143 Safety command for clearing errors incorrect (194)8.6.19 F3144 Incorrect safety configuration (195)8.6.20 F3145 Error when unlocking the safety door (196)8.6.21 F3146 System error channel 2 (197)8.6.22 F3147 System error channel 1 (198)8.6.23 F3150 Safety command for system start incorrect (199)8.6.24 F3151 Safety command for system halt incorrect (200)8.6.25 F3152 Incorrect backup of safety technology data (201)8.6.26 F3160 Communication error of safe communication (202)8.7 Non-Fatal Errors (F2xxx) (202)8.7.1 Behavior in the Case of Non-Fatal Errors (202)8.7.2 F2002 Encoder assignment not allowed for synchronization (203)8.7.3 F2003 Motion step skipped (203)8.7.4 F2004 Error in MotionProfile (204)8.7.5 F2005 Cam table invalid (205)8.7.6 F2006 MMC was removed (206)8.7.7 F2007 Switching to non-initialized operation mode (206)8.7.8 F2008 RL The motor type has changed (207)8.7.9 F2009 PL Load parameter default values (208)8.7.10 F2010 Error when initializing digital I/O (-> S-0-0423) (209)8.7.11 F2011 PLC - Error no. 1 (210)8.7.12 F2012 PLC - Error no. 2 (210)8.7.13 F2013 PLC - Error no. 3 (211)8.7.14 F2014 PLC - Error no. 4 (211)8.7.15 F2018 Device overtemperature shutdown (211)8.7.16 F2019 Motor overtemperature shutdown (212)8.7.17 F2021 Motor temperature monitor defective (213)8.7.18 F2022 Device temperature monitor defective (214)8.7.19 F2025 Drive not ready for control (214)8.7.20 F2026 Undervoltage in power section (215)8.7.21 F2027 Excessive oscillation in DC bus (216)8.7.22 F2028 Excessive deviation (216)8.7.23 F2031 Encoder 1 error: Signal amplitude incorrect (217)VIII/XXII Bosch Rexroth AG | Electric Drivesand ControlsRexroth IndraDrive | Troubleshooting GuideTable of ContentsPage8.7.24 F2032 Validation error during commutation fine adjustment (217)8.7.25 F2033 External power supply X10 error (218)8.7.26 F2036 Excessive position feedback difference (219)8.7.27 F2037 Excessive position command difference (220)8.7.28 F2039 Maximum acceleration exceeded (220)8.7.29 F2040 Device overtemperature 2 shutdown (221)8.7.30 F2042 Encoder 2: Encoder signals incorrect (222)8.7.31 F2043 Measuring encoder: Encoder signals incorrect (222)8.7.32 F2044 External power supply X15 error (223)8.7.33 F2048 Low battery voltage (224)8.7.34 F2050 Overflow of target position preset memory (225)8.7.35 F2051 No sequential block in target position preset memory (225)8.7.36 F2053 Incr. encoder emulator: Pulse frequency too high (226)8.7.37 F2054 Incr. encoder emulator: Hardware error (226)8.7.38 F2055 External power supply dig. I/O error (227)8.7.39 F2057 Target position out of travel range (227)8.7.40 F2058 Internal overflow by positioning input (228)8.7.41 F2059 Incorrect command value direction when positioning (229)8.7.42 F2063 Internal overflow master axis generator (230)8.7.43 F2064 Incorrect cmd value direction master axis generator (230)8.7.44 F2067 Synchronization to master communication incorrect (231)8.7.45 F2068 Brake error (231)8.7.46 F2069 Error when releasing the motor holding brake (232)8.7.47 F2074 Actual pos. value 1 outside absolute encoder window (232)8.7.48 F2075 Actual pos. value 2 outside absolute encoder window (233)8.7.49 F2076 Actual pos. value 3 outside absolute encoder window (234)8.7.50 F2077 Current measurement trim wrong (235)8.7.51 F2086 Error supply module (236)8.7.52 F2087 Module group communication error (236)8.7.53 F2100 Incorrect access to command value memory (237)8.7.54 F2101 It was impossible to address MMC (237)8.7.55 F2102 It was impossible to address I2C memory (238)8.7.56 F2103 It was impossible to address EnDat memory (238)8.7.57 F2104 Commutation offset invalid (239)8.7.58 F2105 It was impossible to address Hiperface memory (239)8.7.59 F2110 Error in non-cyclical data communic. of power section (240)8.7.60 F2120 MMC: Defective or missing, replace (240)8.7.61 F2121 MMC: Incorrect data or file, create correctly (241)8.7.62 F2122 MMC: Incorrect IBF file, correct it (241)8.7.63 F2123 Retain data backup impossible (242)8.7.64 F2124 MMC: Saving too slowly, replace (243)8.7.65 F2130 Error comfort control panel (243)8.7.66 F2140 CCD slave error (243)8.7.67 F2150 MLD motion function block error (244)8.7.68 F2174 Loss of motor encoder reference (244)8.7.69 F2175 Loss of optional encoder reference (245)Troubleshooting Guide | Rexroth IndraDrive Electric Drivesand Controls| Bosch Rexroth AG IX/XXIITable of ContentsPage8.7.70 F2176 Loss of measuring encoder reference (246)8.7.71 F2177 Modulo limitation error of motor encoder (246)8.7.72 F2178 Modulo limitation error of optional encoder (247)8.7.73 F2179 Modulo limitation error of measuring encoder (247)8.7.74 F2190 Incorrect Ethernet configuration (248)8.7.75 F2260 Command current limit shutoff (249)8.7.76 F2270 Analog input 1 or 2, wire break (249)8.7.77 F2802 PLL is not synchronized (250)8.7.78 F2814 Undervoltage in mains (250)8.7.79 F2815 Overvoltage in mains (251)8.7.80 F2816 Softstart fault power supply unit (251)8.7.81 F2817 Overvoltage in power section (251)8.7.82 F2818 Phase failure (252)8.7.83 F2819 Mains failure (253)8.7.84 F2820 Braking resistor overload (253)8.7.85 F2821 Error in control of braking resistor (254)8.7.86 F2825 Switch-on threshold braking resistor too low (255)8.7.87 F2833 Ground fault in motor line (255)8.7.88 F2834 Contactor control error (256)8.7.89 F2835 Mains contactor wiring error (256)8.7.90 F2836 DC bus balancing monitor error (257)8.7.91 F2837 Contactor monitoring error (257)8.7.92 F2840 Error supply shutdown (257)8.7.93 F2860 Overcurrent in mains-side power section (258)8.7.94 F2890 Invalid device code (259)8.7.95 F2891 Incorrect interrupt timing (259)8.7.96 F2892 Hardware variant not supported (259)8.8 SERCOS Error Codes / Error Messages of Serial Communication (259)9 Warnings (Exxxx) (263)9.1 Fatal Warnings (E8xxx) (263)9.1.1 Behavior in the Case of Fatal Warnings (263)9.1.2 E8025 Overvoltage in power section (263)9.1.3 E8026 Undervoltage in power section (264)9.1.4 E8027 Safe torque off while drive enabled (265)9.1.5 E8028 Overcurrent in power section (265)9.1.6 E8029 Positive position limit exceeded (266)9.1.7 E8030 Negative position limit exceeded (267)9.1.8 E8034 Emergency-Stop (268)9.1.9 E8040 Torque/force actual value limit active (268)9.1.10 E8041 Current limit active (269)9.1.11 E8042 Both travel range limit switches activated (269)9.1.12 E8043 Positive travel range limit switch activated (270)9.1.13 E8044 Negative travel range limit switch activated (271)9.1.14 E8055 Motor overload, current limit active (271)9.1.15 E8057 Device overload, current limit active (272)X/XXII Bosch Rexroth AG | Electric Drivesand ControlsRexroth IndraDrive | Troubleshooting GuideTable of ContentsPage9.1.16 E8058 Drive system not ready for operation (273)9.1.17 E8260 Torque/force command value limit active (273)9.1.18 E8802 PLL is not synchronized (274)9.1.19 E8814 Undervoltage in mains (275)9.1.20 E8815 Overvoltage in mains (275)9.1.21 E8818 Phase failure (276)9.1.22 E8819 Mains failure (276)9.2 Warnings of Category E4xxx (277)9.2.1 E4001 Double MST failure shutdown (277)9.2.2 E4002 Double MDT failure shutdown (278)9.2.3 E4005 No command value input via master communication (279)9.2.4 E4007 SERCOS III: Consumer connection failed (280)9.2.5 E4008 Invalid addressing command value data container A (280)9.2.6 E4009 Invalid addressing actual value data container A (281)9.2.7 E4010 Slave not scanned or address 0 (281)9.2.8 E4012 Maximum number of CCD slaves exceeded (282)9.2.9 E4013 Incorrect CCD addressing (282)9.2.10 E4014 Incorrect phase switch of CCD slaves (283)9.3 Possible Warnings When Operating Safety Technology (E3xxx) (283)9.3.1 Behavior in Case a Safety Technology Warning Occurs (283)9.3.2 E3100 Error when checking input signals (284)9.3.3 E3101 Error when checking acknowledgment signal (284)9.3.4 E3102 Actual position values validation error (285)9.3.5 E3103 Dynamization failed (285)9.3.6 E3104 Safety parameters validation error (286)9.3.7 E3105 Validation error of safe operation mode (286)9.3.8 E3106 System error safety technology (287)9.3.9 E3107 Safe reference missing (287)9.3.10 E3108 Safely-monitored deceleration exceeded (288)9.3.11 E3110 Time interval of forced dynamization exceeded (289)9.3.12 E3115 Prewarning, end of brake check time interval (289)9.3.13 E3116 Nominal load torque of holding system reached (290)9.4 Non-Fatal Warnings (E2xxx) (290)9.4.1 Behavior in Case a Non-Fatal Warning Occurs (290)9.4.2 E2010 Position control with encoder 2 not possible (291)9.4.3 E2011 PLC - Warning no. 1 (291)9.4.4 E2012 PLC - Warning no. 2 (291)9.4.5 E2013 PLC - Warning no. 3 (292)9.4.6 E2014 PLC - Warning no. 4 (292)9.4.7 E2021 Motor temperature outside of measuring range (292)9.4.8 E2026 Undervoltage in power section (293)9.4.9 E2040 Device overtemperature 2 prewarning (294)9.4.10 E2047 Interpolation velocity = 0 (294)9.4.11 E2048 Interpolation acceleration = 0 (295)9.4.12 E2049 Positioning velocity >= limit value (296)9.4.13 E2050 Device overtemp. Prewarning (297)Troubleshooting Guide | Rexroth IndraDrive Electric Drivesand Controls| Bosch Rexroth AG XI/XXIITable of ContentsPage9.4.14 E2051 Motor overtemp. prewarning (298)9.4.15 E2053 Target position out of travel range (298)9.4.16 E2054 Not homed (300)9.4.17 E2055 Feedrate override S-0-0108 = 0 (300)9.4.18 E2056 Torque limit = 0 (301)9.4.19 E2058 Selected positioning block has not been programmed (302)9.4.20 E2059 Velocity command value limit active (302)9.4.21 E2061 Device overload prewarning (303)9.4.22 E2063 Velocity command value > limit value (304)9.4.23 E2064 Target position out of num. range (304)9.4.24 E2069 Holding brake torque too low (305)9.4.25 E2070 Acceleration limit active (306)9.4.26 E2074 Encoder 1: Encoder signals disturbed (306)9.4.27 E2075 Encoder 2: Encoder signals disturbed (307)9.4.28 E2076 Measuring encoder: Encoder signals disturbed (308)9.4.29 E2077 Absolute encoder monitoring, motor encoder (encoder alarm) (308)9.4.30 E2078 Absolute encoder monitoring, opt. encoder (encoder alarm) (309)9.4.31 E2079 Absolute enc. monitoring, measuring encoder (encoder alarm) (309)9.4.32 E2086 Prewarning supply module overload (310)9.4.33 E2092 Internal synchronization defective (310)9.4.34 E2100 Positioning velocity of master axis generator too high (311)9.4.35 E2101 Acceleration of master axis generator is zero (312)9.4.36 E2140 CCD error at node (312)9.4.37 E2270 Analog input 1 or 2, wire break (312)9.4.38 E2802 HW control of braking resistor (313)9.4.39 E2810 Drive system not ready for operation (314)9.4.40 E2814 Undervoltage in mains (314)9.4.41 E2816 Undervoltage in power section (314)9.4.42 E2818 Phase failure (315)9.4.43 E2819 Mains failure (315)9.4.44 E2820 Braking resistor overload prewarning (316)9.4.45 E2829 Not ready for power on (316)。
Native Instruments MASCHINE MIKRO MK3用户手册说明书
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments GmbH. The software described by this docu-ment is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments GmbH, hereinafter referred to as Native Instruments.“Native Instruments”, “NI” and associated logos are (registered) trademarks of Native Instru-ments GmbH.ASIO, VST, HALion and Cubase are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.All other product and company names are trademarks™ or registered® trademarks of their re-spective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.Document authored by: David Gover and Nico Sidi.Software version: 2.8 (02/2019)Hardware version: MASCHINE MIKRO MK3Special thanks to the Beta Test Team, who were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product.NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH Schlesische Str. 29-30D-10997 Berlin Germanywww.native-instruments.de NATIVE INSTRUMENTS North America, Inc. 6725 Sunset Boulevard5th FloorLos Angeles, CA 90028USANATIVE INSTRUMENTS K.K.YO Building 3FJingumae 6-7-15, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001Japanwww.native-instruments.co.jp NATIVE INSTRUMENTS UK Limited 18 Phipp StreetLondon EC2A 4NUUKNATIVE INSTRUMENTS FRANCE SARL 113 Rue Saint-Maur75011 ParisFrance SHENZHEN NATIVE INSTRUMENTS COMPANY Limited 5F, Shenzhen Zimao Center111 Taizi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, GuangdongChina© NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH, 2019. All rights reserved.Table of Contents1Welcome to MASCHINE (23)1.1MASCHINE Documentation (24)1.2Document Conventions (25)1.3New Features in MASCHINE 2.8 (26)1.4New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.10 (28)1.5New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.8 (29)1.6New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.7 (29)1.7New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.4 (31)1.8New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.3 (33)2Quick Reference (35)2.1MASCHINE Project Overview (35)2.1.1Sound Content (35)2.1.2Arrangement (37)2.2MASCHINE Hardware Overview (40)2.2.1MASCHINE MIKRO Hardware Overview (40)2.2.1.1Browser Section (41)2.2.1.2Edit Section (42)2.2.1.3Performance Section (43)2.2.1.4Transport Section (45)2.2.1.5Pad Section (46)2.2.1.6Rear Panel (50)2.3MASCHINE Software Overview (51)2.3.1Header (52)2.3.2Browser (54)2.3.3Arranger (56)2.3.4Control Area (59)2.3.5Pattern Editor (60)3Basic Concepts (62)3.1Important Names and Concepts (62)3.2Adjusting the MASCHINE User Interface (65)3.2.1Adjusting the Size of the Interface (65)3.2.2Switching between Ideas View and Song View (66)3.2.3Showing/Hiding the Browser (67)3.2.4Showing/Hiding the Control Lane (67)3.3Common Operations (68)3.3.1Adjusting Volume, Swing, and Tempo (68)3.3.2Undo/Redo (71)3.3.3Focusing on a Group or a Sound (73)3.3.4Switching Between the Master, Group, and Sound Level (77)3.3.5Navigating Channel Properties, Plug-ins, and Parameter Pages in the Control Area.773.3.6Navigating the Software Using the Controller (82)3.3.7Using Two or More Hardware Controllers (82)3.3.8Loading a Recent Project from the Controller (84)3.4Native Kontrol Standard (85)3.5Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (86)3.5.1Differences between Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (86)3.5.2Switching Instances (88)3.6Preferences (88)3.6.1Preferences – General Page (89)3.6.2Preferences – Audio Page (93)3.6.3Preferences – MIDI Page (95)3.6.4Preferences – Default Page (97)3.6.5Preferences – Library Page (101)3.6.6Preferences – Plug-ins Page (109)3.6.7Preferences – Hardware Page (114)3.6.8Preferences – Colors Page (114)3.7Integrating MASCHINE into a MIDI Setup (117)3.7.1Connecting External MIDI Equipment (117)3.7.2Sync to External MIDI Clock (117)3.7.3Send MIDI Clock (118)3.7.4Using MIDI Mode (119)3.8Syncing MASCHINE using Ableton Link (120)3.8.1Connecting to a Network (121)3.8.2Joining and Leaving a Link Session (121)4Browser (123)4.1Browser Basics (123)4.1.1The MASCHINE Library (123)4.1.2Browsing the Library vs. Browsing Your Hard Disks (124)4.2Searching and Loading Files from the Library (125)4.2.1Overview of the Library Pane (125)4.2.2Selecting or Loading a Product and Selecting a Bank from the Browser (128)4.2.3Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank (133)4.2.3.1Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank on theController (137)4.2.4Selecting a File Type (137)4.2.5Choosing Between Factory and User Content (138)4.2.6Selecting Type and Character Tags (138)4.2.7Performing a Text Search (142)4.2.8Loading a File from the Result List (143)4.3Additional Browsing Tools (148)4.3.1Loading the Selected Files Automatically (148)4.3.2Auditioning Instrument Presets (149)4.3.3Auditioning Samples (150)4.3.4Loading Groups with Patterns (150)4.3.5Loading Groups with Routing (151)4.3.6Displaying File Information (151)4.4Using Favorites in the Browser (152)4.5Editing the Files’ Tags and Properties (155)4.5.1Attribute Editor Basics (155)4.5.2The Bank Page (157)4.5.3The Types and Characters Pages (157)4.5.4The Properties Page (160)4.6Loading and Importing Files from Your File System (161)4.6.1Overview of the FILES Pane (161)4.6.2Using Favorites (163)4.6.3Using the Location Bar (164)4.6.4Navigating to Recent Locations (165)4.6.5Using the Result List (166)4.6.6Importing Files to the MASCHINE Library (169)4.7Locating Missing Samples (171)4.8Using Quick Browse (173)5Managing Sounds, Groups, and Your Project (175)5.1Overview of the Sounds, Groups, and Master (175)5.1.1The Sound, Group, and Master Channels (176)5.1.2Similarities and Differences in Handling Sounds and Groups (177)5.1.3Selecting Multiple Sounds or Groups (178)5.2Managing Sounds (181)5.2.1Loading Sounds (183)5.2.2Pre-listening to Sounds (184)5.2.3Renaming Sound Slots (185)5.2.4Changing the Sound’s Color (186)5.2.5Saving Sounds (187)5.2.6Copying and Pasting Sounds (189)5.2.7Moving Sounds (192)5.2.8Resetting Sound Slots (193)5.3Managing Groups (194)5.3.1Creating Groups (196)5.3.2Loading Groups (197)5.3.3Renaming Groups (198)5.3.4Changing the Group’s Color (199)5.3.5Saving Groups (200)5.3.6Copying and Pasting Groups (202)5.3.7Reordering Groups (206)5.3.8Deleting Groups (207)5.4Exporting MASCHINE Objects and Audio (208)5.4.1Saving a Group with its Samples (208)5.4.2Saving a Project with its Samples (210)5.4.3Exporting Audio (212)5.5Importing Third-Party File Formats (218)5.5.1Loading REX Files into Sound Slots (218)5.5.2Importing MPC Programs to Groups (219)6Playing on the Controller (223)6.1Adjusting the Pads (223)6.1.1The Pad View in the Software (223)6.1.2Choosing a Pad Input Mode (225)6.1.3Adjusting the Base Key (226)6.2Adjusting the Key, Choke, and Link Parameters for Multiple Sounds (227)6.3Playing Tools (229)6.3.1Mute and Solo (229)6.3.2Choke All Notes (233)6.3.3Groove (233)6.3.4Level, Tempo, Tune, and Groove Shortcuts on Your Controller (235)6.3.5Tap Tempo (235)6.4Performance Features (236)6.4.1Overview of the Perform Features (236)6.4.2Selecting a Scale and Creating Chords (239)6.4.3Scale and Chord Parameters (240)6.4.4Creating Arpeggios and Repeated Notes (253)6.4.5Swing on Note Repeat / Arp Output (257)6.5Using Lock Snapshots (257)6.5.1Creating a Lock Snapshot (257)7Working with Plug-ins (259)7.1Plug-in Overview (259)7.1.1Plug-in Basics (259)7.1.2First Plug-in Slot of Sounds: Choosing the Sound’s Role (263)7.1.3Loading, Removing, and Replacing a Plug-in (264)7.1.4Adjusting the Plug-in Parameters (270)7.1.5Bypassing Plug-in Slots (270)7.1.6Using Side-Chain (272)7.1.7Moving Plug-ins (272)7.1.8Alternative: the Plug-in Strip (273)7.1.9Saving and Recalling Plug-in Presets (273)7.1.9.1Saving Plug-in Presets (274)7.1.9.2Recalling Plug-in Presets (275)7.1.9.3Removing a Default Plug-in Preset (276)7.2The Sampler Plug-in (277)7.2.1Page 1: Voice Settings / Engine (279)7.2.2Page 2: Pitch / Envelope (281)7.2.3Page 3: FX / Filter (283)7.2.4Page 4: Modulation (285)7.2.5Page 5: LFO (286)7.2.6Page 6: Velocity / Modwheel (288)7.3Using Native Instruments and External Plug-ins (289)7.3.1Opening/Closing Plug-in Windows (289)7.3.2Using the VST/AU Plug-in Parameters (292)7.3.3Setting Up Your Own Parameter Pages (293)7.3.4Using VST/AU Plug-in Presets (298)7.3.5Multiple-Output Plug-ins and Multitimbral Plug-ins (300)8Using the Audio Plug-in (302)8.1Loading a Loop into the Audio Plug-in (306)8.2Editing Audio in the Audio Plug-in (307)8.3Using Loop Mode (308)8.4Using Gate Mode (310)9Using the Drumsynths (312)9.1Drumsynths – General Handling (313)9.1.1Engines: Many Different Drums per Drumsynth (313)9.1.2Common Parameter Organization (313)9.1.3Shared Parameters (316)9.1.4Various Velocity Responses (316)9.1.5Pitch Range, Tuning, and MIDI Notes (316)9.2The Kicks (317)9.2.1Kick – Sub (319)9.2.2Kick – Tronic (321)9.2.3Kick – Dusty (324)9.2.4Kick – Grit (325)9.2.5Kick – Rasper (328)9.2.6Kick – Snappy (329)9.2.7Kick – Bold (331)9.2.8Kick – Maple (333)9.2.9Kick – Push (334)9.3The Snares (336)9.3.1Snare – Volt (338)9.3.2Snare – Bit (340)9.3.3Snare – Pow (342)9.3.4Snare – Sharp (343)9.3.5Snare – Airy (345)9.3.6Snare – Vintage (347)9.3.7Snare – Chrome (349)9.3.8Snare – Iron (351)9.3.9Snare – Clap (353)9.3.10Snare – Breaker (355)9.4The Hi-hats (357)9.4.1Hi-hat – Silver (358)9.4.2Hi-hat – Circuit (360)9.4.3Hi-hat – Memory (362)9.4.4Hi-hat – Hybrid (364)9.4.5Creating a Pattern with Closed and Open Hi-hats (366)9.5The Toms (367)9.5.1Tom – Tronic (369)9.5.2Tom – Fractal (371)9.5.3Tom – Floor (375)9.5.4Tom – High (377)9.6The Percussions (378)9.6.1Percussion – Fractal (380)9.6.2Percussion – Kettle (383)9.6.3Percussion – Shaker (385)9.7The Cymbals (389)9.7.1Cymbal – Crash (391)9.7.2Cymbal – Ride (393)10Using the Bass Synth (396)10.1Bass Synth – General Handling (397)10.1.1Parameter Organization (397)10.1.2Bass Synth Parameters (399)11Working with Patterns (401)11.1Pattern Basics (401)11.1.1Pattern Editor Overview (402)11.1.2Navigating the Event Area (404)11.1.3Following the Playback Position in the Pattern (406)11.1.4Jumping to Another Playback Position in the Pattern (407)11.1.5Group View and Keyboard View (408)11.1.6Adjusting the Arrange Grid and the Pattern Length (410)11.1.7Adjusting the Step Grid and the Nudge Grid (413)11.2Recording Patterns in Real Time (416)11.2.1Recording Your Patterns Live (417)11.2.2Using the Metronome (419)11.2.3Recording with Count-in (420)11.3Recording Patterns with the Step Sequencer (422)11.3.1Step Mode Basics (422)11.3.2Editing Events in Step Mode (424)11.4Editing Events (425)11.4.1Editing Events with the Mouse: an Overview (425)11.4.2Creating Events/Notes (428)11.4.3Selecting Events/Notes (429)11.4.4Editing Selected Events/Notes (431)11.4.5Deleting Events/Notes (434)11.4.6Cut, Copy, and Paste Events/Notes (436)11.4.7Quantizing Events/Notes (439)11.4.8Quantization While Playing (441)11.4.9Doubling a Pattern (442)11.4.10Adding Variation to Patterns (442)11.5Recording and Editing Modulation (443)11.5.1Which Parameters Are Modulatable? (444)11.5.2Recording Modulation (446)11.5.3Creating and Editing Modulation in the Control Lane (447)11.6Creating MIDI Tracks from Scratch in MASCHINE (452)11.7Managing Patterns (454)11.7.1The Pattern Manager and Pattern Mode (455)11.7.2Selecting Patterns and Pattern Banks (456)11.7.3Creating Patterns (459)11.7.4Deleting Patterns (460)11.7.5Creating and Deleting Pattern Banks (461)11.7.6Naming Patterns (463)11.7.7Changing the Pattern’s Color (465)11.7.8Duplicating, Copying, and Pasting Patterns (466)11.7.9Moving Patterns (469)11.8Importing/Exporting Audio and MIDI to/from Patterns (470)11.8.1Exporting Audio from Patterns (470)11.8.2Exporting MIDI from Patterns (472)11.8.3Importing MIDI to Patterns (474)12Audio Routing, Remote Control, and Macro Controls (483)12.1Audio Routing in MASCHINE (484)12.1.1Sending External Audio to Sounds (485)12.1.2Configuring the Main Output of Sounds and Groups (489)12.1.3Setting Up Auxiliary Outputs for Sounds and Groups (494)12.1.4Configuring the Master and Cue Outputs of MASCHINE (497)12.1.5Mono Audio Inputs (502)12.1.5.1Configuring External Inputs for Sounds in Mix View (503)12.2Using MIDI Control and Host Automation (506)12.2.1Triggering Sounds via MIDI Notes (507)12.2.2Triggering Scenes via MIDI (513)12.2.3Controlling Parameters via MIDI and Host Automation (514)12.2.4Selecting VST/AU Plug-in Presets via MIDI Program Change (522)12.2.5Sending MIDI from Sounds (523)12.3Creating Custom Sets of Parameters with the Macro Controls (527)12.3.1Macro Control Overview (527)12.3.2Assigning Macro Controls Using the Software (528)13Controlling Your Mix (535)13.1Mix View Basics (535)13.1.1Switching between Arrange View and Mix View (535)13.1.2Mix View Elements (536)13.2The Mixer (537)13.2.1Displaying Groups vs. Displaying Sounds (539)13.2.2Adjusting the Mixer Layout (541)13.2.3Selecting Channel Strips (542)13.2.4Managing Your Channels in the Mixer (543)13.2.5Adjusting Settings in the Channel Strips (545)13.2.6Using the Cue Bus (549)13.3The Plug-in Chain (551)13.4The Plug-in Strip (552)13.4.1The Plug-in Header (554)13.4.2Panels for Drumsynths and Internal Effects (556)13.4.3Panel for the Sampler (557)13.4.4Custom Panels for Native Instruments Plug-ins (560)13.4.5Undocking a Plug-in Panel (Native Instruments and External Plug-ins Only) (564)14Using Effects (567)14.1Applying Effects to a Sound, a Group or the Master (567)14.1.1Adding an Effect (567)14.1.2Other Operations on Effects (574)14.1.3Using the Side-Chain Input (575)14.2Applying Effects to External Audio (578)14.2.1Step 1: Configure MASCHINE Audio Inputs (578)14.2.2Step 2: Set up a Sound to Receive the External Input (579)14.2.3Step 3: Load an Effect to Process an Input (579)14.3Creating a Send Effect (580)14.3.1Step 1: Set Up a Sound or Group as Send Effect (581)14.3.2Step 2: Route Audio to the Send Effect (583)14.3.3 A Few Notes on Send Effects (583)14.4Creating Multi-Effects (584)15Effect Reference (587)15.1Dynamics (588)15.1.1Compressor (588)15.1.2Gate (591)15.1.3Transient Master (594)15.1.4Limiter (596)15.1.5Maximizer (600)15.2Filtering Effects (603)15.2.1EQ (603)15.2.2Filter (605)15.2.3Cabinet (609)15.3Modulation Effects (611)15.3.1Chorus (611)15.3.2Flanger (612)15.3.3FM (613)15.3.4Freq Shifter (615)15.3.5Phaser (616)15.4Spatial and Reverb Effects (617)15.4.1Ice (617)15.4.2Metaverb (619)15.4.3Reflex (620)15.4.4Reverb (Legacy) (621)15.4.5Reverb (623)15.4.5.1Reverb Room (623)15.4.5.2Reverb Hall (626)15.4.5.3Plate Reverb (629)15.5Delays (630)15.5.1Beat Delay (630)15.5.2Grain Delay (632)15.5.3Grain Stretch (634)15.5.4Resochord (636)15.6Distortion Effects (638)15.6.1Distortion (638)15.6.2Lofi (640)15.6.3Saturator (641)15.7Perform FX (645)15.7.1Filter (646)15.7.2Flanger (648)15.7.3Burst Echo (650)15.7.4Reso Echo (653)15.7.5Ring (656)15.7.6Stutter (658)15.7.7Tremolo (661)15.7.8Scratcher (664)16Working with the Arranger (667)16.1Arranger Basics (667)16.1.1Navigating Song View (670)16.1.2Following the Playback Position in Your Project (672)16.1.3Performing with Scenes and Sections using the Pads (673)16.2Using Ideas View (677)16.2.1Scene Overview (677)16.2.2Creating Scenes (679)16.2.3Assigning and Removing Patterns (679)16.2.4Selecting Scenes (682)16.2.5Deleting Scenes (684)16.2.6Creating and Deleting Scene Banks (685)16.2.7Clearing Scenes (685)16.2.8Duplicating Scenes (685)16.2.9Reordering Scenes (687)16.2.10Making Scenes Unique (688)16.2.11Appending Scenes to Arrangement (689)16.2.12Naming Scenes (689)16.2.13Changing the Color of a Scene (690)16.3Using Song View (692)16.3.1Section Management Overview (692)16.3.2Creating Sections (694)16.3.3Assigning a Scene to a Section (695)16.3.4Selecting Sections and Section Banks (696)16.3.5Reorganizing Sections (700)16.3.6Adjusting the Length of a Section (702)16.3.6.1Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Software (703)16.3.6.2Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Controller (705)16.3.7Clearing a Pattern in Song View (705)16.3.8Duplicating Sections (705)16.3.8.1Making Sections Unique (707)16.3.9Removing Sections (707)16.3.10Renaming Scenes (708)16.3.11Clearing Sections (710)16.3.12Creating and Deleting Section Banks (710)16.3.13Working with Patterns in Song view (710)16.3.13.1Creating a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.2Selecting a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.3Clearing a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.4Renaming a Pattern in Song View (711)16.3.13.5Coloring a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.13.6Removing a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.13.7Duplicating a Pattern in Song View (712)16.3.14Enabling Auto Length (713)16.3.15Looping (714)16.3.15.1Setting the Loop Range in the Software (714)16.3.15.2Activating or Deactivating a Loop Using the Controller (715)16.4Playing with Sections (715)16.4.1Jumping to another Playback Position in Your Project (716)16.5Triggering Sections or Scenes via MIDI (717)16.6The Arrange Grid (719)16.7Quick Grid (720)17Sampling and Sample Mapping (722)17.1Opening the Sample Editor (722)17.2Recording Audio (724)17.2.1Opening the Record Page (724)17.2.2Selecting the Source and the Recording Mode (725)17.2.3Arming, Starting, and Stopping the Recording (729)17.2.5Checking Your Recordings (731)17.2.6Location and Name of Your Recorded Samples (734)17.3Editing a Sample (735)17.3.1Using the Edit Page (735)17.3.2Audio Editing Functions (739)17.4Slicing a Sample (743)17.4.1Opening the Slice Page (743)17.4.2Adjusting the Slicing Settings (744)17.4.3Manually Adjusting Your Slices (746)17.4.4Applying the Slicing (750)17.5Mapping Samples to Zones (754)17.5.1Opening the Zone Page (754)17.5.2Zone Page Overview (755)17.5.3Selecting and Managing Zones in the Zone List (756)17.5.4Selecting and Editing Zones in the Map View (761)17.5.5Editing Zones in the Sample View (765)17.5.6Adjusting the Zone Settings (767)17.5.7Adding Samples to the Sample Map (770)18Appendix: Tips for Playing Live (772)18.1Preparations (772)18.1.1Focus on the Hardware (772)18.1.2Customize the Pads of the Hardware (772)18.1.3Check Your CPU Power Before Playing (772)18.1.4Name and Color Your Groups, Patterns, Sounds and Scenes (773)18.1.5Consider Using a Limiter on Your Master (773)18.1.6Hook Up Your Other Gear and Sync It with MIDI Clock (773)18.1.7Improvise (773)18.2Basic Techniques (773)18.2.1Use Mute and Solo (773)18.2.2Create Variations of Your Drum Patterns in the Step Sequencer (774)18.2.3Use Note Repeat (774)18.2.4Set Up Your Own Multi-effect Groups and Automate Them (774)18.3Special Tricks (774)18.3.1Changing Pattern Length for Variation (774)18.3.2Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (775)18.3.3Load Long Audio Files and Play with the Start Point (775)19Troubleshooting (776)19.1Knowledge Base (776)19.2Technical Support (776)19.3Registration Support (777)19.4User Forum (777)20Glossary (778)Index (786)1Welcome to MASCHINEThank you for buying MASCHINE!MASCHINE is a groove production studio that implements the familiar working style of classi-cal groove boxes along with the advantages of a computer based system. MASCHINE is ideal for making music live, as well as in the studio. It’s the hands-on aspect of a dedicated instru-ment, the MASCHINE hardware controller, united with the advanced editing features of the MASCHINE software.Creating beats is often not very intuitive with a computer, but using the MASCHINE hardware controller to do it makes it easy and fun. You can tap in freely with the pads or use Note Re-peat to jam along. Alternatively, build your beats using the step sequencer just as in classic drum machines.Patterns can be intuitively combined and rearranged on the fly to form larger ideas. You can try out several different versions of a song without ever having to stop the music.Since you can integrate it into any sequencer that supports VST, AU, or AAX plug-ins, you can reap the benefits in almost any software setup, or use it as a stand-alone application. You can sample your own material, slice loops and rearrange them easily.However, MASCHINE is a lot more than an ordinary groovebox or sampler: it comes with an inspiring 7-gigabyte library, and a sophisticated, yet easy to use tag-based Browser to give you instant access to the sounds you are looking for.What’s more, MASCHINE provides lots of options for manipulating your sounds via internal ef-fects and other sound-shaping possibilities. You can also control external MIDI hardware and 3rd-party software with the MASCHINE hardware controller, while customizing the functions of the pads, knobs and buttons according to your needs utilizing the included Controller Editor application. We hope you enjoy this fantastic instrument as much as we do. Now let’s get go-ing!—The MASCHINE team at Native Instruments.MASCHINE Documentation1.1MASCHINE DocumentationNative Instruments provide many information sources regarding MASCHINE. The main docu-ments should be read in the following sequence:1.MASCHINE MIKRO Quick Start Guide: This animated online guide provides a practical ap-proach to help you learn the basic of MASCHINE MIKRO. The guide is available from theNative Instruments website: https:///maschine-mikro-quick-start/2.MASCHINE Manual (this document): The MASCHINE Manual provides you with a compre-hensive description of all MASCHINE software and hardware features.Additional documentation sources provide you with details on more specific topics:►Online Support Videos: You can find a number of support videos on The Official Native In-struments Support Channel under the following URL: https:///NIsupport-EN. We recommend that you follow along with these instructions while the respective ap-plication is running on your computer.Other Online Resources:If you are experiencing problems related to your Native Instruments product that the supplied documentation does not cover, there are several ways of getting help:▪Knowledge Base▪User Forum▪Technical Support▪Registration SupportYou will find more information on these subjects in the chapter Troubleshooting.Document Conventions1.2Document ConventionsThis section introduces you to the signage and text highlighting used in this manual. This man-ual uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of potential issues.The icons introducing these notes let you see what kind of information is to be expected:This document uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of poten-tial issues. The icons introducing the following notes let you see what kind of information canbe expected:Furthermore, the following formatting is used:▪Text appearing in (drop-down) menus (such as Open…, Save as… etc.) in the software andpaths to locations on your hard disk or other storage devices is printed in italics.▪Text appearing elsewhere (labels of buttons, controls, text next to checkboxes etc.) in thesoftware is printed in blue. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find thesame text appearing somewhere on the screen.▪Text appearing on the displays of the controller is printed in light grey. Whenever you seethis formatting applied, you will find the same text on a controller display.▪Text appearing on labels of the hardware controller is printed in orange. Whenever you seethis formatting applied, you will find the same text on the controller.▪Important names and concepts are printed in bold.▪References to keys on your computer’s keyboard you’ll find put in square brackets (e.g.,“Press [Shift] + [Enter]”).►Single instructions are introduced by this play button type arrow.→Results of actions are introduced by this smaller arrow.Naming ConventionThroughout the documentation we will refer to MASCHINE controller (or just controller) as the hardware controller and MASCHINE software as the software installed on your computer.The term “effect” will sometimes be abbreviated as “FX” when referring to elements in the MA-SCHINE software and hardware. These terms have the same meaning.Button Combinations and Shortcuts on Your ControllerMost instructions will use the “+” sign to indicate buttons (or buttons and pads) that must be pressed simultaneously, starting with the button indicated first. E.g., an instruction such as:“Press SHIFT + PLAY”means:1.Press and hold SHIFT.2.While holding SHIFT, press PLAY and release it.3.Release SHIFT.1.3New Features in MASCHINE2.8The following new features have been added to MASCHINE: Integration▪Browse on , create your own collections of loops and one-shots and send them directly to the MASCHINE browser.Improvements to the Browser▪Samples are now cataloged in separate Loops and One-shots tabs in the Browser.▪Previews of loops selected in the Browser will be played in sync with the current project.When a loop is selected with Prehear turned on, it will begin playing immediately in-sync with the project if transport is running. If a loop preview starts part-way through the loop, the loop will play once more for its full length to ensure you get to hear the entire loop once in context with your project.▪Filters and product selections will be remembered when switching between content types and Factory/User Libraries in the Browser.▪Browser content synchronization between multiple running instances. When running multi-ple instances of MASCHINE, either as Standalone and/or as a plug-in, updates to the Li-brary will be synced across the instances. For example, if you delete a sample from your User Library in one instance, the sample will no longer be present in the other instances.Similarly, if you save a preset in one instance, that preset will then be available in the oth-er instances, too.▪Edits made to samples in the Factory Libraries will be saved to the Standard User Directo-ry.For more information on these new features, refer to the following chapter ↑4, Browser. Improvements to the MASCHINE MIKRO MK3 Controller▪You can now set sample Start and End points using the controller. For more information refer to ↑17.3.1, Using the Edit Page.Improved Support for A-Series Keyboards▪When Browsing with A-Series keyboards, you can now jump quickly to the results list by holding SHIFT and pushing right on the 4D Encoder.▪When Browsing with A-Series keyboards, you can fast scroll through the Browser results list by holding SHIFT and twisting the 4D Encoder.▪Mute and Solo Sounds and Groups from A-Series keyboards. Sounds are muted in TRACK mode while Groups are muted in IDEAS.。
unacceptable quality level -回复
unacceptable quality level -回复【不可接受的质量水平】，以中括号内的内容为主题，写一篇1500-2000字文章，一步一步回答。
题目：不可接受的质量水平对于产品和服务的影响导言：不可接受的质量水平是指产品或服务在各个方面不符合客户的期望标准。
无论是在生产过程中的缺陷，还是在提供服务过程中的差错，都可能导致用户不满意，并对企业形象和销售业绩产生负面影响。
本文将通过解析不可接受的质量水平及其影响，来探讨如何减少质量问题并提升服务质量。
正文：第一部分：不可接受的质量水平的特征及原因1. 识别不可接受的质量水平的特征：- 易损毁、易破碎：产品在运输或使用过程中容易受损，品质不稳定。
- 效能低下：产品性能不符合规定标准，无法满足用户需求。
- 低耐久性：产品寿命短，易发生故障或损坏。
- 不合格材料：使用低质量材料制造的产品存在质量问题。
- 工艺问题：生产过程中存在缺陷，导致产品质量无法保证。
2. 不可接受的质量水平的原因：- 不良供应链管理：供应商选择不当或质量控制流程缺失。
- 劳动力技能不足：员工对工艺或质量标准缺乏理解或培训不足。
- 生产过程控制不足：生产线上的监测和控制系统缺失。
- 设备老化：设备维护不及时或设备陈旧造成生产质量下降。
- 管理缺陷：缺乏有效的质量管理制度和监控措施。
第二部分：不可接受的质量水平对于产品和服务的影响1. 企业形象受损：- 产品质量差：不可接受的质量水平会给消费者留下质量不可靠的印象，损害企业形象。
- 反复投诉：用户对质量问题进行投诉，消耗企业的时间和资源，影响声誉。
- 社交媒体扩散：用户通过社交媒体与其他用户分享对差劲产品或服务的不满。
- 潜在客户流失：口碑不佳会导致现有和潜在客户转向竞争对手。
2. 销售和收益受影响：- 营销问题：不可接受的质量水平会导致产品销售低迷或支持服务需求下降。
- 退货和退款：用户对不满意的产品或服务提出退货或退款要求，增加企业成本。
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Below you will find the assessment items as presented on the exam as well as the scoring rules associated with the item.Cisco Networking Academy content is copyrighted and the unauthorized posting, distribution or sharing of this exam content is prohibited.Close WindowAssessment SystemExam Viewer - ERouting Practice Final Exam - CCNA Exploration: 路由协议和概念 (Version 4.0)1What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.) gf e d c It connects multiple IP networks. gf e d c It controls the flow of data via the use of Layer 2 addresses.g fe d c It determines the best path to send packets. g fe d c It manages the VLAN database. g fe d c It increases the size of the broadcast domain.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 1 and Option 3 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.22When a router boots, what is the default order to locate the Cisco IOS if there is no boot system command? nm l k j ROM, TFTP server, flash n ml k j flash, TFTP server, ROM n ml k j flash, NVRAM, TFTP server nm l k j NVRAM, TFTP server, flashObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option23Which router component is used to store the routing table? nm l k j Flash n m l k j NVRAM n ml k j ROM n ml k j SDRAMObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option24Refer to the exhibit. How many routes are child routes? nm l k j 1 n m l k j 3 n ml k j 4 n ml k j 6ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option25Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true concerning the routing configuration?nm l k j Using dynamic routing instead of static routing would have required fewer configuration steps. n ml k j The 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.2.0/24 routes have adjacent boundaries and should be summarized. n ml k j Packets routed to the R2 Fast Ethernet interface require two routing table lookups. nm l k j The static route will not work correctly.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option26Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator issues the command no ip classless on Router1. What forward on a packet that is received by Router1 and is destined for host 192.168.0.26? nm l k j The packet will be dropped. n ml k j The packet will be forwarded to the gateway of last resort. n ml k j The packet will match the 192.168.0.0 network and be forwarded out Serial 0/0. n ml k j The packet will most closely match the 192.168.0.8 subnet and be forwarded out Serial 0/1.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 10 points for any other option27Refer to the exhibit. Routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance valu properly configured and the destination network is advertised by both protocols.Which path will be used to transmit the data packets between PC1 and PC2? nm l k j The packets will travel via R2-R1. n ml k j The packets will travel via R2-R3. nm l k j The traffic will be load-balanced between two paths — via R2-R1 and via R2-R3. n ml k j The packets will travel via R2-R3, and the other path via R2-R1 will be retained as the backup path.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 10 points for any other option28Refer to the exhibit. Router R1 is configured as shown in the exhibit. PC1 on 172.16.1.0/24 network can reach R1. The rest of the routers are configured with the correct IP addresses on the interfaces. Routers R2 and R3 d dynamic routing enabled. How far will PC1 be able to successfully ping? nml k j router R1 Fa0/0 interface n ml k j router R1 S0/0/0 interface n ml k j router R2 S0/0/0 interface n ml k j router R2 Fa0/0 and S0/0/1 interfaces n ml k j router R3 Fa0/0 and S0/0/0 interfacesObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option29Refer to the exhibit. All routers are properly configured to use the EIGRP routing protocol with default settings, converged. Which statement correctly describes the path that the traffic will use from the 10.1.1.0/24 network to network?nm l k j It will use the A-D path only. n ml k j It will use the path A-D, and the paths A-C-D and A-B-D will be retained as the backup paths. It will use all the paths equally in a round-robin fashion.ml j The traffic will be load-balanced between A-B-D and A-C-D.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option210Which two statements are true regarding link-state routing protocols? (Choose two.)f e c They are aware of the complete network topology. fe c They offer rapid convergence times in large networks. fe c They do not include subnet masks in their routing updates. fe c They rely on decreasing hop counts to determine the best path. fe c They do not work well in networks that require special hierarchical designs. fe c They pass their entire routing tables to their directly connected neighbors only.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 1 and Option 2 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.211Refer to the exhibit. R1 knows two routes, Path A and Path B, to the Ethernet network attached to R3. R1 learn 10.2.0.0/16 from a static route and Path B to network 10.2.0.0/16 from EIGRP. Which route will R1 install in its nm l k j Both routes are installed and load balancing occurs across both paths. nm l k j The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16. n ml k j The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the best metric to network 10.2.0.0/16. n ml k j The route via Path B is installed because the EIGRP route has the lowest administrative distance to networ n ml k j The route via Path A is installed because the static route has the lowest administrative distance to networkObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 50 points for any other option212What two routing protocols use a hierarchal network topology? (Choose two.)gf e d c IS-ISg f e d c EIGRP g f e d c OSPF g fe d c RIPv1 g fe d c RIPv2ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 1 and Option 3 are correct. 1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.213Refer to the exhibit. Based on the output from the show running-config and debug ip rip commands, what a are added to the routing table of R1? (Choose two.)gf e d c R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/1g fe d c R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0 g fe d c S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via FastEthernet0/0 gf e d c R 192.168.9.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0g fe d c R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 2 and Option 3 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.214Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2 and R3. The routes of all three routers a be verified from the output?m l j ml j The IP address of the S0/0/0 interface of R1 is 10.1.1.2. ml j The IP address of the S0/0/1 interface of R2 is 10.3.3.2. m l j R2 is connected to the S0/0/1 interface of R3.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option215Refer to the exhibit. All router interfaces are configured with an IP address and are operational. If no routing pro configured, what information will be included in the show ip route command output for router A? nm l k j All of the 192.168.x.0 networks will be in the routing table. n ml k j Routes to networks 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, and 192.168.3.0/24 will be in the routing table. n ml k j The routing table will be empty because routes and dynamic routes have not been configured. n ml k j A default route is automatically installed in the routing table to allow connectivity between the networks.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option216Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is accessing router R1 from the console port. Once the administra router, which password should the administrator enter at the R1> prompt to access the privileged EXEC mode?nm l k j Cisco001 n ml k j Cisco123 n ml k j Cisco789 n ml k j Cisco901ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option217Which of the following could describe the devices labeled "?" in the graphic? (Choose three.) gf ed c DCE g fe d c CSU/DSU gf e d c LAN switchg fe d c modem g fe d c hubObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 1, Option 2, and Option 4 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.318Refer to the exhibit. Which router is advertising subnet 172.16.1.32/28? nm l k j Router1 n m l k j Router2 n ml k j Router3 n ml k j Router4ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option219Refer to the exhibit. The show cdp neighbors command was run at R1. Which two facts about the newly dete determined from the output? (Choose two.) gf e d c ABCD is a router that is connected to R1.f e c The device is connected at the Serial0/0/1 interface of R1.f e c R1 is connected at the S0/0/1 interface of device ABCD.f e c ABCD does not support switching capability.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response Option 1 and Option 3 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.220 A static route has been configured on a router. However, the destination network no longer exists. What shouldremove the static route from the routing table?m l j Change the routing metric for that route.m l j Nothing. The static route will go away on its own.m l j Change the administrative distance for that route.m l j Remove the route using the no ip route command.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 40 points for any other option221Refer to the exhibit. A ping between host A and host B is successful, but pings from host A to operational hosts is the reason for this problem?n m l k j The FastEthernet interface of R1 is disabled.n m l k j One of the default routes is configured incorrectly.n m l k j A routing protocol is not configured on both routers.n m l k j The default gateway has not been configured on host A.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 20 points for any other option222Refer to the exhibit. The network has three connected routers: R1, R2, and R3. The routes of all three routers a are operational and pings are not blocked on this network.Which ping will fail?n m l k j from R1 to 172.16.1.1n m l k j from R1 to 192.168.3.1n m l k j from R2 to 192.168.1.1n m l k j from R2 to 192.168.3.1Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 20 points for any other option223Refer to the exhibit. What action will R2 take for a packet that is destined for 192.168.2.0?n m l k j It will drop the packet.n m l k j It will forward the packet via the S0/0/0 interface.n m l k j It will forward the packet via the Fa0/0 interface.n m l k j It will forward the packet to R1.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option224Refer to the exhibit. The users on the local network 172.16.1.0/24 complain that they are unable to connect to t should be taken to remedy the problem?nm l k j A new static route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop. n ml k j A new default route must be configured on R1 with the R3 serial interface as the next hop. nm l k j The default route on R2 should be configured with the R3 serial interface as the next hop. n ml k j The default route on R2 must be replaced with a new static route and the next hop should be the R1 FastEObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option225Refer to the exhibit. What summary address can Router2 advertise to Router1 to reach the three networks on R without advertising any public address space or overlapping the networks on Router1? nm l k j 172.16.0.0/8 nm l k j 172.16.0.0/10 n ml k j 172.16.0.0/13 n ml k j 172.16.0.0/20ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option226Refer to the exhibit. Host A is unable to access the Internet, and troubleshooting has revealed that this is due t What is incorrectly configured in this network? nm l k j the IP address of the Fa0/0 interface of R1 n ml k j the subnet mask of the S0/0/0 interface of R1 n ml k j the IP address of the S0/0/0 interface of R1 nm l k j the subnet mask of the S0/0/0 interface of R2ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option227Refer to the exhibit. A new PC was deployed in the Sales network. It was given the host address of 192.168.10gateway of 192.168.10.17. The PC is not communicating with the network properly. What is the cause? nm l k j The default gateway is incorrect. n ml k j The address is in the wrong subnet. nm l k j The host address and default gateway are swapped. n ml k j 192.168.10.31 is the broadcast address for this subnet.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option228Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator is planning IP addressing of a new network. What part of this ad be changed to allow communication between host A and the server?n m l k j the IP address of the servern m l k j the default gateway of host An m l k j the IP address of host An m l k j the default gateway of the serverObservable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 10 points for any other option229Which network design feature requires the deployment of a classless routing protocol?n m l k j private IP addressingn m l k j advertising default routesn m l k j variable length subnet masksn m l k j summarization on major network boundariesObservable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 30 points for any other option230 A network administrator needs to assign the very last usable IP address in the 172.24.64.0/18 network range toserves this LAN. Which IP address should the administrator configure on the interface?n m l k j172.16.128.154/18n m l k j172.16.255.254/18n m l k j172.24.64.254/18n m l k j172.24.127.254/18Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 40 points for any other option231Refer to the exhibit. All routers are running RIPv1. The two networks 10.1.1.0/29 and 10.1.1.16/29 are unable t What can be the cause of this problem?nm l k j Because RIPv1 is a classless protocol, it does not support this access. n ml k j RIPv1 does not support discontiguous networks. nm l k j RIPv1 does not support load balancing. n ml k j RIPv1 does not support automatic summarization.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option232Refer to the exhibit. What information can be determined from the highlighted output? nm l k j R1 is originating the route 172.30.200.32/28. n ml k j Automatic summarization is disabled. nm l k j The 172.30.200.16/28 network is one hop away from R1. n ml k j A classful routing protocol is being used.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option233What does RIP use to reduce convergence time in a larger network?ml j It reduces the update timer to 15 seconds if there are more than 10 routes. ml j It uses triggered updates to announce network changes if they happen in between the periodic updates. ml j It uses random pings to detect if a pathway is down and therefore is preemptive on finding networks that arObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option234A network administrator has enabled RIP on routersB andC in the network diagram. Which of the following co updates from being sent to Router A? nm l k j A(config)# router rip A(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0nm l k j B(config)# router rip B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.48 B(config-router)# network 192.168.25.64 nm l k j A(config)# router rip A(config-router)# no network 192.168.25.32nm l k j B(config)# router rip B(config-router)# passive-interface S0/0nm l k j A(config)# no router ripObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option235Refer to the exhibit. Both routers are using the RIP protocol. Devices on the 192.168.2.0 network can ping the cannot ping devices on the 192.168.1.0 network. What is a possible cause of this problem?n m l k j The routers are configured with different versions of RIP.n m l k j R2 is not forwarding the routing updates.n m l k j The R1 configuration should include the no auto-summary command.n m l k j The maximum path number has been exceeded.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 10 points for any other option236Which two statements are correct about the split horizon with poison reverse method of routing loop preventiong f e d c It is enabled by default on all Cisco IOS implementations.g f e d c It assigns a value that represents an infinite metric to the poisoned route.g f e d c It sends back the poisoned route update to the same interface from where it was received.g f e d c It instructs routers to hold all changes that might affect routes, for a specified period of time.g f e d c It limits the number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it is discarded.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response Option 2 and Option 3 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.237Refer to exhibit. Given the topology shown in the exhibit, what three commands are needed to configure EIGR (Choose three.)g f e d c Paris(config)# router eigrp 100g f e d c Paris(config)# router eigrpg f e d c Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.6.0g f e d c Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.7.0g f e d c Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.8.0g f e d c Paris(config-router)# network 192.168.9.0Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response Option 1, Option 4, and Option 5 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.338 A router has EIGRP configured as the only routing protocol. In what way might EIGRP respond if there is no fea destination network and the successor route fails?n m l k j It broadcasts hello packets to all routers in the network to re-establish neighbor adjacencies.n m l k j It sends queries to adjacent neighbors until a new successor route is found.n m l k j It immediately sends its entire routing table to its neighbors.n m l k j It will set the metric for the failed route to infinity.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 20 points for any other option239Refer to the exhibit. Hosts on the BOS Fa0/0 LAN are able to ping the Fa0/1 interface on the JAX router and a and ORL routers. Why would hosts from the 10.0.0.0/24 network not be able to ping hosts on the Fa0/0 LAN of n m l k j The JAX router has the wrong process ID.n m l k j The JAX router needs the network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.n m l k j The JAX router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.n m l k j The BOS router needs the network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response 2 points for Option 30 points for any other option240Which three statements describe the operation of routing with EIGRP? (Choose three.)g f e d c As new neighbors are discovered, entries are placed in a neighbor table.g f e d c If the feasible successor has a higher advertised cost than the current successor route, then it becomes theg f e d c If hello packets are not received within the hold time, DUAL must recalculate the topology.g f e d c The reported distance is the distance to a destination as advertised by a neighbor.g f e d c EIGRP maintains full knowledge of the network topology in the topology table and exchanges full routing inneighboring routers in every update.g f e d c EIGRP builds one routing table that contains routes for all configured routed protocols.Observable Description Max Value1correctness of response Option 1, Option 3, and Option 4 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.341Refer to the exhibit. What happens to a packet that has 172.16.0.0/16 as the best match in the routing table tha nml k j The packet is discarded. nm l k j The packet is flooded out all interfaces. n ml k j The packet is forwarded via Serial0/0/0. n ml k j The packet is forwarded via FastEthernet0/0.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 10 points for any other option242 A network is configured with the IP, IPX, and AppleTalk protocols. Which routing protocol is recommended fornm l k j RIPv1 n m l k j RIPv2 nm l k j EIGRP n ml k j OSPFObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option243Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements are true based on the exhibited output? (Choose two.) gf e d c Automatic summarization is disabled.g fe d c The EIGRP routing protocol is being used. g fe d c There is one feasible successor in the routing table. gf e d c The serial interface S0/0/0 is administratively down.g fe d c The router is originating the route to 172.16.1.0/24 via the S0/0/0 interface.Observable DescriptionMax Value1correctness of responseOption 1 and Option 2 are correct. 1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required.244Refer to the exhibit. Two routers are unable to establish an adjacency. What is the possible cause for this? nm l k j The two routers are connected on a multiaccess network. n ml k j The hello and dead intervals are different on the two routers. n ml k j They have different OSPF router IDs. nm l k j They have different process IDs.ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 20 points for any other option245What command would the network administrator apply to a router that is running OSPF to advertise the entireincluded in 172.16.0.0/19 in area 0?nm l k j R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 nm l k j R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 n ml k j R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.15.255 area 0 n ml k j R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0ObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option246What should be considered when troubleshooting a problem with the establishment of neighbor relationships b(Choose two.)gf e d c OSPF interval timers mismatchg fe d c administrative distance mismatch g fe d c interface network type mismatch g fe d c no loopback interface configured gf e d c gateway of last resort not redistributedObservableDescriptionMax Value1correctness of response1 point for each correct option. 0 points if more options are selected than required. 247Which two components are used to determine the router ID in the configuration of the OSPF routing process?gf e d c the IP address of the first FastEthernet interfaceg fe d c the highest IP address of any logical interface gf e d c the highest IP address of any physical interfaceg fe d c the default gateway IP address gf e d cthe priority value of 1 on any physical interfaceObservable DescriptionMax Value 1correctness of responseOption 2 and Option 3 are correct.1 point for each correct option.0 points if more options are selected than required. 248What is the function of the OSPF LSR packet?nm l k j It is used to confirm the receipt of LSUs. n ml k j It is used to establish and maintain adjacency with other OSPF routers. n ml k j It is used by the receiving routers to request more information about any entry in the DBD. n m l k j It is used to check the database synchronization between routers.Observable DescriptionMax Value 1correctness of response2 points for Option 30 points for any other option 249Refer to the exhibit. All interfaces are configured with the correct IP addresses and subnet masks. OSPF has brouting protocol. During troubleshooting, it is determined that hosts on network B can ping the Lo0 interface on reach hosts on network A. What is the cause of the problem?nm l k j Routers R1 and R2 have incorrect router IDs configured. nm l k j Router R1 is unable to form a neighbor relationship with router R2. n ml k j Routers R1 and R2 have been configured in different OSPF areas. n ml k j The configuration of router R1 fails to include network A in the OSPF routing process.Observable Description Max Value 1correctness of response2 points for Option 40 points for any other option 250Refer to the exhibit. The interface addresses and OSPF priorities are configured as shown. Because of the boo router A is currently the DR and router B is the BDR. If router A fails and is replaced the next day by a new rou protocol action or actions will happen when router D is connected to the network?nm l k j Router B will remain the DR, and router C will remain the BDR. n ml k j Router D will be elected DR, and router B will remain the BDR. nm l k j Router C will become the DR, and router B will become the BDR. n m l k j Router B will remain the BDR, and OSPF will function on the segment via the use of only the BDR.Observable DescriptionMax Value 1correctness of response2 points for Option 10 points for any other option 2Reset ViewShowing 1 of 1Prev Page:1NextClose WindowAll contents copyright ©2001-2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Privacy Statement and Trademarks.。
IPQC(InPut Process Quality Control)
IPQC（InPut Process Quality Control）IPQC（InPut Process Quality Control）中文意思为制程控制，是指产品从物料投入生产到产品最终包装过程的品质控制。
职责:1.负责首检和部分过程检查、制程中不良品的确认,标识及统计；2.负责巡检，对整个生产过程物料使用、装配操作、机器运行、环境符合性等全方位的定时检查确认。
3.IPQC一般是首检、巡检和抽检；是制程中巡回流动检验;属品质保证部管理.生产过程检验（IPQC）：一般是指对物料入仓后到成品入库前各阶段的生产活动的品质控制，即Input Process Quality Control。
而相对于该阶段的品质检验，则称为FQC（Final Quality Control）。
①过程检验的方式主要有：a. 首件自检、互检、专检相结合；b. 过程控制与抽检、巡检相结合；c. 多道工序集中检验；d. 逐道工序进行检验；e. 产品完成后检验；f. 抽样与全检相结合；②过程品质控制（IPQC）：是对生产过程做巡回检验。
a. 首件检验；b. 材料核对；c. 巡检：保证合适的巡检时间和频率，严格按检验标准或作业指导书检验。
包括对产品质量、工艺规程、机器运行参数、物料摆放、标识、环境等的检验; d检验记录，应如实填写。
③过程产品品质检验（FQC）：是针对产品完工后的品质验证以确定该批产品可否流入下道工序，属定点检验或验收检验。
a. 检验项目：外观、尺寸、理化特性等；b. 检验方式：一般采用抽样检验；c.不合格处理；d.记录；④依据的标准：《作业指导书》、《工序检验标准》、《过程检验和试验程序》等等。
品质检验方法1、全数检验：将送检批的产品或物料全部加以检验而不遗漏的检验方法。
适用于以下情形：①批量较小，检验简单且费用较低；②产品必须是合格；③产品中如有少量的不合格，可能导致该产品产生致命性影响。
2、抽样检验：从一批产品的所有个体中抽取部分个体进行检验，并根据样本的检验结果来判断整批产品是否合格的活动，是一种典型的统计推断工作。
美国电气制造商协会(NEMA)电机应用指导
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2020年南京大学《管理原理》第1次作业
答案+我名字首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Typically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2According to the text, ______________ can be described as long term, directional, and single use.A、operationalB、long-termC、strategicD、specificE、directional说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called _____________.A、controllingB、coordinatingC、leadingD、organizingE、directing说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the foundation of planning?A、employeesB、goalsC、outcomesD、computersE、the planning department说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Work specialization is also known as ______________.A、departmentalizationB、centralizationC、span of controlD、formalizationE、division of labor说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3“Principles of Scientific Management” was written by Frederick Taylor.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3The term suppliers include providers of financial and labor inputs.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Weber’s bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.1、错2、对首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Typically, in organizations it is the _____________ who are responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and strategies that affect all aspects of the organization.A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2In the strategic management process, the ______________ defines the organizational purpose and answers the question: "What is our reason for being in business?"A、objectiveB、evaluationC、strategyD、missionE、values statement说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is not a part of the definition of organizational planning?A、defining the organization's goals and objectivesB、evaluating the organizations outcomesC、developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activitiesD、establishing an overall strategy for achieving the organization's goalsE、it is concerned with both ends and means说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called _____________.A、controllingB、coordinatingC、leadingD、organizingE、directing说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 _____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the foundation of planning?A、employeesB、goalsC、outcomesD、computersE、the planning department说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3An organization that has division of labor, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macro management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micro management issues.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3Interpersonal skills are described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Weber’s bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.1、错2、对首页> 课程作业作业名称管理原理第1次作业作业总分100起止时间2020-4-27至2020-5-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 "Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Environmental issues, such as government regulations and labor unions, tend to have what kind of effect on the value of planning on organizational performance?A、They tend to increase organizational value because they serve as screens for bad plansB、There is no real effectC、They have a positive effect on large organizations and a negative effect on small organizationsD、They decrease the organizational value by constraining management's optionsE、They have a positive effect in public institutions and a negative effect in private organizations.说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following types of skills is described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization?A、interpersonalB、humanC、technicalD、strategicE、conceptual说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is not a part of the definition of organizational planning?A、defining the organization's goals and objectivesB、evaluating the organizations outcomesC、developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activitiesD、establishing an overall strategy for achieving the organization's goalsE、it is concerned with both ends and means说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one.A、Manipulating othersB、Concern for the lawC、Increasing efficiencyD、Coordinating and integrating others`workE、Defining market share说明：题号:16 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is the highest level of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:17 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Work specialization is also known as ______________.A、departmentalizationB、centralizationC、span of controlD、formalizationE、division of labor说明：题号:18 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.A、cost minimizationB、resource controlC、goal attainmentD、efficiencyE、leading说明：题号:19 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Supervisor is another name for whom?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:20 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Organizing includes _____________.A、defining organizational goalsB、hiring organizational membersC、motivating organizational membersD、monitoring organizational member behaviorE、determining who does what tasks说明：题号:21 题型:判断题本题分数:3An organization that has division of labor, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.1、错2、对说明：题号:22 题型:判断题本题分数:3The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness.1、错2、对说明：题号:23 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with a polycentric attitude would view every foreign operation as difficult and hard to understand.1、错2、对说明：题号:24 题型:判断题本题分数:3Managers with an ethnocentric attitude would not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.1、错2、对说明：题号:25 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships..1、错2、对说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3Interpersonal skills are described with terms such as abstract situations and visualization.1、错2、对说明：题号:27 题型:判断题本题分数:3Bureaucracy, as described by Weber, emphasizes rationality and interpersonal relationships.1、错2、对说明：题号:28 题型:判断题本题分数:3A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is an opportunity.1、错2、对说明：题号:29 题型:判断题本题分数:3Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.1、错2、对说明：题号:30 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to the text, the goal of efficiency is to minimize resource costs.1、错2、对说明：题号:31 题型:判断题本题分数:3Closed systems are influenced by and do not interact with their environment1、错2、对说明：题号:32 题型:判断题本题分数:3Max Webber is most associated with the principles of scientific management.1、错2、对说明：题号:33 题型:判断题本题分数:3When managers meet organizational goals, they are efficient and effective.1、错2、对说明：题号:34 题型:判断题本题分数:3General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.1、错2、对说明：题号:35 题型:判断题本题分数:3The price of a particular computer brand is a possible decision criterion.1、错2、对说明：题号:36 题型:判断题本题分数:3The general environment refers to everything inside the organization.1、错2、对说明：题号:37 题型:判断题本题分数:3According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.1、错2、对说明：题号:38 题型:判断题本题分数:3The term suppliers include providers of financial and labor inputs.1、错2、对说明：题号:39 题型:判断题本题分数:3The fourteen principles of management are associated with Fayol.1、错2、对说明：题号:40 题型:判断题本题分数:3Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function.1、错2、对"Executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairman of the board” are positions associated with which of the following levels of management?A、team leadersB、middle managersC、first-line managersD、top managersE、subordinates说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2In the strategic management process, the ______________ defines the organizational purpose and answers the question: "What is our reason for being in business?"A、objectiveB、evaluationC、strategyD、missionE、values statement说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Environmental issues, such as government regulations and labor unions, tend to have what kind of effect on the value of planning on organizational performance?A、They tend to increase organizational value because they serve as screens for bad plansB、There is no real effectC、They have a positive effect on large organizations and a negative effect on small organizationsD、They decrease the organizational value by constraining management's optionsE、They have a positive effect in public institutions and a negative effect in private organizations.说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2______________ is a process that involves defining the organization's objectives or goals, establishing strategy, and developing a hierarchy of plans.A、ManagingB、InformalC、planningD、LeadingE、MBOF、Planning说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2The _____________ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they plan, organize, lead, and control.A、management processB、environmental processC、cultural processD、segmentation process说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Based on the information presented in the text, _____________ are desired outcomes for individuals, groups, or entire organizations.A、strategiesB、goalsC、plansD、policiesE、procedures说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being directional versus specific, we are categorizing them by ______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being single-use versus standing, we categorize them by______________.A、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2Of the following, which is the best example of a middle manager in a university work environment?A、assistant professorB、Dean of StudentsC、full professorD、presidentE、part-time instructor说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 According to the text, ______________ can be described as long term, directional, and single use.A、operationalB、long-termC、strategicD、specificE、directional说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2When we categorize plans as being strategic versus operational, we are describing them by theirA、breadthB、specificityC、frequency of useD、depthE、time frame.说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following is a factor that constrains high performance in planning organizations?A、qualityB、extentC、implementationD、environmentE、informality说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Which of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?A、decision-makingB、communicating with customersC、motivating subordinatesD、product knowledgeE、technical skills说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 Planning's effect on managers is that it forces them to do which of the following?A、react to changeB、consider the impact of changeC、respond indiscriminatelyD、plan on overlapping different activitiesE、develop bureaucratic response models说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2_____________ was a French industrialist who identified basic management functionsA、WeberB、TaylorC、HerzbergD、FayolE、Koontz说明：。
科尼变频器中英文手册
2 START-UP PROCEDURE 启动步骤 .................................................................................... 209
3 PARAMETER ADJUSTMENTS 参数调整 ............................................................................... 23
3.1 Control keypad operation 控制显示屏操作 .................................................................. 23 3.1.1 Navigation on the control keypad 控制显示屏演示 ......................................... 25 3.1.2 Value line editing 数值的编辑........................................................................ 25 3.1.3 Passwords 密码 ........................................................................................... 26 3.1.4 Monitoring 监控 .......................................................................................... 287
multiple problematic control -回复
multiple problematic control -回复[multiple problematic controls]控制是现代社会运行的重要组成部分，它可以使人们更好地管理和维护各种资源和系统。
然而，在控制的过程中，可能会出现一些问题，导致控制失去其本身的效力。
本文将讨论多个问题性控制，并逐步回答如何应对这些问题。
希望通过这些讨论，读者们能够了解并应对多个问题性控制的方式。
在现代社会中，多个问题性控制的存在是不可避免的。
首先，让我们来了解一下什么是多个问题性控制。
多个问题性控制是指一个控制系统中存在多个控制变量，这些变量在一些情况下可能会产生冲突，从而导致控制系统无法达到预期的目标。
这种情况常常发生在复杂系统中，包括国家级的社会经济系统，企业的生产控制系统，以及一些繁忙的交通系统等。
多个问题性控制的存在可能会导致以下问题。
首先，不同的控制变量之间的冲突可能会导致系统无法平衡。
例如，在一个企业的生产控制系统中，可能存在一个控制变量是为了提高生产效率，而另一个控制变量则是为了确保产品质量。
这两个控制变量之间的冲突可能会导致生产效率和产品质量之间的平衡困难。
其次，多个问题性控制还可能导致信息传递的困难。
在一个控制系统中，各个控制变量之间需要相互通信和协调，以实现系统的整体目标。
然而，当控制变量之间存在冲突时，信息传递的正确性和完整性可能会受到影响。
这可能会导致控制系统的效率下降和错误决策的产生。
另外，由于多个问题性控制可能导致系统复杂性的增加，这可能会增加系统的管理和维护难度。
当一个控制系统中存在太多的控制变量时，对这些变量进行管理和调整将变得困难。
这可能需要更多的人力和时间投入，以确保系统的正常运行。
那么，应对多个问题性控制的方式是什么呢？首先，我们需要对控制系统进行充分的分析和规划。
在设计控制系统时，应该尽量避免控制变量之间的冲突，或者通过合理的组织和配置来解决这些冲突。
例如，在企业的生产控制系统中，可以通过合理安排生产计划和质检流程，来确保生产效率和产品质量之间的平衡。
cognos性能调优
目录Cognos ReportNet性能调优方案 ................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
目录 .. (1)第一章软件环境调优 (4)1 HTTP SERVER（WEB SERVER）配置文件修改 (4)1.1 Timeout (4)1.2 MaxKeepAliveRequests (4)1.3 KeepAliveTimeout (4)2 APPLICATION SERVER（ReportNet自带tomcat）配置文件修改 (4)2.1 maxProcessors (5)2.2 AcceptCount (5)2.3 ConnectionTimeout (5)2.4 session-timeout (5)3 Cognos ReportNet配置文件修改 (5)3.1 warpproperties.xml (5)3.1.1 VirtualMemoryDiagnostics (6)3.1.2 MaxCachedQueries (6)3.2 reportservice.xml (6)3.2.1 max_process (7)3.2.2 linger_process (7)3.2.3 max_non_affine_connections_per_process (7)3.2.4 idle_process_check_interval_ms (8)3.2.5 idle_process_max_idle_ticks (8)3.2.6 queue_time_limit_ms (8)3.2.7 async_wait_timeout_ms (9)3.3 batchreportservice.xml (9)3.3.1 max_process (9)3.3.2 linger_process (10)3.3.3 max_non_affine_connections_per_process (10)3.3.4 idle_process_check_interval_ms (11)3.3.5 idle_process_max_idle_ticks (11)3.3.6 queue_time_limit_ms (11)3.3.7 async_wait_timeout_ms (12)3.4 CQEConfig.xml (12)3.4.1 Timeout (12)3.4.2 PoolSize (12)3.4.3 queryReuse (13)4 Cognos ReportNet服务器管理设置 (13)4.1 Content Store数据库连接池设定 (13)4.2 开启审计功能 (14)4.2.1 Audit Native Query (15)4.2.2 Audit logging level (15)4.2.3 Audit run-time usage logging level (15)4.2.4 Audit administration logging level (15)4.2.5 Audit other logging level (15)4.2.6 审核等级说明 (15)5 更改网关URI (16)6 更改ReportNet启动服务资源配置 (17)7 调整Sort buffer size (18)8 分布式部署 (18)9 应用服务器性能评估 (19)第二章报表设计调优 (20)1 Report Stuido设计调优 (20)1.1 手写SQL定制报表查询 (20)1.2 报表函数的使用 (22)1.3 过滤条件顺序调整 (22)1.4 查询字段、查询表顺序调整 (23)1.5 聚合前后设置过滤条件 (23)1.6 自动分组汇总设置 (24)1.7 字段排序设置 (24)1.8 自动排序设置 (25)1.9 报表Processing设置 (26)1.10 外连接设置 (27)1.11 向量乘积设置 (27)1.12 使用With子句 (28)1.13 报表服务器本地缓存设置 (29)1.14 汇总项设置 (29)1.15 数据库查询的策略设置（First Rows设置） (30)2 Framework Manager设计调优 (30)2.1 手写SQL定制查询主题 (30)2.2 函数列表指定 (30)2.3 表关联设定 (31)2.4 Edit Governors查询性能设置 (33)2.4.1 Report table limits设置 (33)2.4.2 Data retrieval limits设置 (34)2.4.3 Query execution time limits设置 (34)2.4.4 Large text items limit设置 (35)附录 (36)第一章软件环境调优1HTTP SERVER（WEB SERVER）配置文件修改以apache为例说明，可修改apache配置文件apache\conf\httpd.conf。
验证生命周期
Garfield Wang
Refresh GMP training for Engineering
03/03/2010
8
定义Definitions-WHO
•是积累和评估数据的过程，从工艺开发到常规的生产过程，保证整个生 产过程－包括设备，建筑，人员和物料能够一致的、连续性的达到其预 期的结果 The collection and evaluation of data, beginning at the process development stage and continuing through the production phase, which ensures that the manufacturing processes - including equipment, buildings, personnel and materials - are capable of achieving the intended results on a consistent and continuous basis.
项目组 Project Team
第二阶段 To stage 2
认证 Qualification?
是Yes
主验证计划 Higher level Validation Master Plan
不No
不需要 No Qualification required
Garfield Wang
Refresh GMP training for Engineering
wwwcgmpnet27refreshgmptrainingengineeringgarfieldwang03032010第2阶段用户要求标准和供应商选择stagesupplierselection验证项目组validationprojectteam潜在供应商选择potentialsuppliersection用户要求标准ursgeneralrequirementsgskbs评估潜在供应商gskbsreviewspotentialsupplier第3阶段供应商选择supplierselection回顾和参与reviewparticipate项目管理projectmanagement解释key行动action决定decision文件document项目组任务projectteam验证行为validationactivities28refreshgmptrainingengineeringgarfieldwang03032010第2阶段包括activitiesduringstage准备用户要求标准userrequirementsspecdeveloped潜在供应商选择potentialsupplierssourced与供应商的交流communicationpotentialsupplierbegun若适用供应商评估supplierassessment供应商选择supplierselection更多gmp资料
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Signature of Auditor ___________________
3
QUESTIONNAIRE "B" Name of Auditor _________________________________________________________________ Information on Auditor's financial and economic activity______________________________ Date, number and registration number of license of auditor “__”____200 _ year, №_________, №_____________________ Manat 1. Long-Term Assets: - Long-term financial investments - Long-term receivables - Fixed assets - Intangible assets - Deferred tax assets - other long-term assets ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________
/ /
/ /
8. Turnover on the last accounting period (with manat) • Audit of financial statements • Related services • Other services
2
9. Internal quality control • Has internal quality control been implemented? (in accordance with the program, if any) • Is quality control a part of internal audit in a centralized manner? • When was internal auditor inspection on quality control in a centralized manner implemented last time? • Are the working documents of auditor controlled and does this control provide the followings: - Keep the working documents of auditor and their archiving confidentially ; - Possibility of re-inspection on quality control of audit; - Availability of rules (guidelines) determined on the preparation and systematization of work documents of auditor.
General information on auditor Information on Auditor's financial and economic activity Questionnaire on each audit work implemented by auditor on the Contractual commitment Evaluation indicators of each audit work implemented by auditor on the Contractual commitment Summary
1. Short-Term Assets: - cash - short - term financial investments - short - term receivables - reserves - current tax assets - other short-term assets Total assets Capital and Funds: - charter capital - emission revenues - reserve funds - retained earnings (unpaid losses) 2. Long-term liabilities: - long-term financial liabilities - Long-term liabilities - deferred tax liabilities - other long-term liabilities 3. Short-term liabilities: - Short -term financial liabilities ________________________ ________________________ 4 ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________
- tax liabilities - short-term liabilities - other short- term liabilities Total liabilities Total liabilities and capital 6. Revenue - total, including: - audit of financial statements - related services - other services
QUESTIONNAIRE "A" Information on auditor __________________________________________________________ Date, number and registration number of license that gives the right to act as auditor _ “__”____200 _ year, №_________, №_____________________ 1. Auditor: • International Corporate (IC) • Limited Liability Company (LLC) • Other • Independent auditor 2. Composition of members (number / %): • Licensed Auditor (who has an auditor license) • The person who has obtained qualification outside the country (ACCA, CPA and so on) • Other persons 3. Head of organization • Licensed auditor • The person who has obtained qualification outside the country • Other 4. Composition of the Board of Directors (if any) (number /%): • Licensed auditor • Other 5. Insurance • Name of insurer ______________________________________________ • Number of insurance certificate ________ and its date “__”____________ 200__ year • Period of Insurance from “__”______ 200__ year till “__”______ 200__ year • Amount of insurance ______________ manat 6. How many offices of auditor are there including head office? 7. Licensed auditor includes: • • • Date and number of license of licensed auditor “__”____________ 200__ year Number of auditor assistants ( employee or involved) Number of auditor assistants in the annual report submitted to the Chamber of Auditors of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Yes No
10. Information on human resources of auditor Yes No • Is Staff Involvement Policy applied by Auditor? • Are professional development courses (trainings) being held for employees who are currently working? • Are employees informed with the requirements arising from code of professional ethics? • Do more experienced workers give advice to the employees with less experience or do they control them during the implementation of contractual obligations on audit service?