新概念 大学英语第二版第四册 课文翻译复习进程
新视野大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译
第四册unit2sectionB24岁的阿加莎·墨丹妮·姆波戈，为人谦虚，谈吐温柔，算不上是个革命者的形象。
然而就在6个月前，她做了一件极富革命性的事情：她参加了肯尼亚恩布市的市长竞选，并且当选。
更令人感到意外的是，姆波戈女士是由区议会的同事们投票选出的，而那些人全是男性。
在肯尼亚乃至整个非洲，妇女的政治力量日益壮大。
恩布市是一个位于内罗毕东北部的农业地区，距内罗毕两个小时的车程。
对于生活在此地的数千妇女来说，姆波戈成了这种力量的标志。
1992年，姆波戈女士开始追寻她的从政梦想，她竞选了恩布市议员。
像其他打算从政的非洲妇女一样，她面对着很多阻碍：她缺钱，没有政治经验，要回答许多关于她个人生活的荒唐问题。
她说：“我的对手一口咬定我要与外市的人结婚并搬走。
”姆波戈还要面对本市妇女的诸多误解，她们中间有许多人起初并不愿意为她投票。
她成为捍卫妇女政治权利的使者，向妇女团体发表演说或者挎着手提包挨家挨户去做演讲，并给他们讲解政体，一讲就是数小时。
“她胜出我很高兴，因为是男人们选举了她，”恩布市的一位农民政治活动家利迪亚·基曼尼如是说。
“这正是我期望的结果，因为它似乎战胜了‘女人当不了领导者’这种观念。
”非洲妇女的教育已经成为政治活动家们着重考虑的问题。
有个机构已经在肯尼亚农村举办了十几次研讨会，目的是帮助妇女理解国家宪法以及民主政治制度的程序及理论。
一位资深的女政治活动家说，许多妇女连参政的最基本知识都没学过。
她说，有人教她们，在竞选运动中谁“给你半公斤面粉、200克食盐或一条面包”，就投票选谁。
妇女政治活动家们说她们正在与根深蒂固的文化传统作斗争。
这些传统要非洲妇女做饭、打扫屋子、照管孩子、种庄稼、收庄稼、支持丈夫。
她们通常不能继承土地，不能与丈夫离婚，不能理财，也不能从政。
然而，肯尼亚妇女从事政治活动并不是什么新现象。
在20世纪50年代争取独立的斗争中，肯尼亚妇女就经常秘密地为部队提供武器并监视殖民军的阵地。
大学英语综合教程第二版 第四册 Unit1 Text B 课文原文及翻译
The Normandy LandingsThe largest and most ambitious military expedition in history was the invasion of Normandy in northern France by British, American and Canadian forces that took place in the summer of 1944. Even nature played a role.lt took more than a year for military planners to orchestrate every movement of troops, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for the move that was to open up a second front in Europe. This would liberate France and open the way for the final assault on Germany itself.Everything was controlled; right down to the placement of military decoys across the English Channel to fool the Germans into thinking the attack would come from Britain's closest point to France at Pas de Calais3 rather than in Normandy as planned.Everything was controlled, that is, except the weather.DDay, the code name given to the day of invasion, was originally scheduled for 5 June 1944. This date had been arrived at by considering two factors moonlight and tide. The hour of the invasion would need to be near sunrise, when the seaborne troops would have a rising tide. This would enable them to land close to the obstacles that had been placed to hinder their landing without coming ashore on top of them. The paratroopers needed a full moon for visibility. The days with the propertidemoonlight formula closest to the target date were 5, 6 and 7 June. (1) The fifth was chosen for DDay to allow a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponedIn addition to moonlight and favorable tides, calm seas were needed for the crossing. (2) But an unusually stormy transition from spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather It also meant the possibility that Operation Overlord, as the invasion was called, might have to be postponed until later in the year or even the following year. Z With the arrival of 5 June, the weather was so bad that General Eisenhower4, supreme commander of the invasion forces, was forced to postpone the invasion by one day. When he met with his staff to review their options, they were faced with the grim reality that 6 June did not look much better than the original DDay. The meteorological report gave a thin ray of hope that a lull in the storm would allow enough time to. launch the invasion. Consultations went on late into the night on whether to press ahead. Opinions were divided. Finally, Eisenhower made his decision. "I am quite positive we must give the order," he said. "I don't like it, but there it is. I don't see how we can do anything else." Within hours, an armada of 3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval vessels began to leave English ports.8. Meanwhile, critical errors by the German side allowed them to be taken completely by surprise. Due to the bad weather, the German navycancelled its usual patrol of the English Channel. Also, a practice drill scheduled for June 6 was called off. The German meteorological services were unaware of the break in the weather. On the eve of the attack, many of the top German leaders were absent from their commands. Rommel 5, the general in charge of the coastal defenses, was in Germany visiting his wife on her birthday, and several officers were some distance away in Rennes6 or on their way there for a wargame exercise.The assault on Normandy began at 12:15 a.m., when the pathfinders for the American airborne units left their planes and parachuted to earth. Five minutes later, on the other side of the invasion area, the British pathfinders made their jump. The pathfinders were specially trained to find and mark the drop zones. The main airborne assault was to commence within the hour.The airborne attack became confused because of stiff winds and the evasive flying of the transport planes when they encountered antiaircraft fire. As a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area and most missed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. Other complications were caused by the terrain, and the worst terrain was on the Cotentin Peninsula. The Germans had laced the open fields with antipersonnel and glider stakes and flooded the low areas. The flooding caused the most trouble for the Americans of the 101st and 82nd Airborne divisions, with many of the troops drowned, laden down by their heavyequipment.11. The airborne units were to secure the flanks of the amphibious assault. That meant capturing bridges, crossroads and coastal batteries. After accomplishing those tasks, the paratroopers had to withstand any German counterattacks.12 As the airborne units struggled to achieve their goals, the great fleet made its way across the channel to its appointment with destiny. Leading that grand armada were the minesweepers. Behind them followed a vast array of naval vessels of every conceivable type. Never before had such a fleet been assembled. Including the landing craft carried on board, the combined Allied invasion armada numbered up to 6,000 ships. Approximately 150,000 men were to cross the English Channel and land at assault beaches codenamed "Utah" ' "Omaha" ' "Gold" ' "Juno" and "Sword."The first areas of French soil wrested from German control were a group of small islands located three miles off Utah Beach. Allied commanders were concerned that these islands could be used as sites for heavy guns. The men of the U.S. 4th and 24th Cavalry squadrons were designated to take the islands prior to the main invasion. The assault teams found only land mines. The Germans had left the islands unoccupied.For the majority of the assault troops, however, the war had not begun yet. After spending as long as 48 hours aboard the various transport shipsas a result of the delay, many of the men were miserably seasick and in poor shape for the challenge ahead.The naval bombardment began around 5:45 a.m. The air attack followed. The naval and air bombardments were designed to destroy the beach guns and obstacles, pin down the enemy and provide shelter for the ground troops on the open beaches by making craters. Both, however, largely failed in their objectives. Weather conditions had improved, but they were not perfect. Because of poor visibility caused by low cloud cover, it was decided that the bombers would delay the release of bombs 30 seconds to avoid hitting the assaulting troops. As a result, the bombs fell inland and missed their targets. Although the naval bombardment was more accurate, it was not much more effective against the hardened German gun emplacements.The weather also was partially responsible for causing some of the assault craft to miss their assigned landing areas. Additionally, many of the landing craft and amphibious tanks foundered in the rough sea. In the Omaha area, most of the craft carrying artillery and tanks intended to support the incoming troops sank in the high waves.At Utah Beach, however, a strange stroke of good fortune occurred when the assault craft encountered a southerly current that caused them to land in the wrong sector. (3) The German shore batteries that would have contested a landing in the original area would undoubtedly have taken aheavy toll. The landing at the new sector was virtually unopposed.(4) Despite difficulties, Eisenhower's gamble with the elements was to pay off The invasion forces succeeded in establishing a toehold on French soil. Reinforcements began to pour in, thrusting on deep into France. Within a year Hitler's empire, which he had boasted would last a thousand years, lay in ruins.诺曼底登陆历史上规模最大、最雄心勃勃的军事远征是1944年夏天英国、美国和加拿大军队入侵法国北部的诺曼底。
大学英语B2新概念第四册课文翻译
Translation of the passagesUnit 1Active reading关于男人；一个男人的孩子们我教一年级学生。
我天天接触到的是：磕破了的膝盖，系成死扣的鞋带，已经听了十多遍的脑筋急转弯、发霉的生日蛋糕、受到伤害的情感、不知所以的故事、丢了的单只鞋子（“你要不找到它，妈妈会要杀了我的。
”）。
总之，我的工作全部由这些六岁学童支配。
现在10 点45 分，正是课间餐时间，我在帮埃米莉开她的牛奶盒。
她自己试着从盒子另一端打开，但没成功。
现在她的手指已经把盒子弄得满是涂料和墨水，我都不知道这盒奶她还能不能喝，但我还是帮她打开了。
然后转身帮斯科特清理他撒到丽贝卡的关于鲸鱼的拼字盘上的牛奶。
我正在擦满手的牛奶和颜料时，珍妮问我有没有看见我在课上读的那本讲企鹅的有趣的书。
当我在凌乱的书堆中找那本书时，贾森又问午饭时会不会重新安排餐桌座位。
我找到了书，转身回答杰森的问题时，又看到了玛雅，她快速凑过来跟我玩“当当”文字游戏。
在差不多说完第十遍“你是谁？”之后我笑了起来，玛雅满意了。
一会儿安德鲁又问我他的纵横拼字游戏中的fluke 怎么拼。
当我拼到字母u 时，我用手势示意莎拉把课间餐拿走。
但莎拉刚要走出门的时候，两个孩子抱怨说“我们还几乎没吃呢。
”我同意了他们要吃全麦饼干的请求，让莎拉再把课间餐端回来。
当我转向安德鲁时发现他已经把flu 放到了九纵而非九横。
现在是10 点50 分。
我从事的不是传统的男性工作。
它不是单一的工作内容，没有大堆的文件需要处理，也没有需要进行的交易。
我不具备某一领域的专业知识或技能。
我没有律师非凡的语言能力，没有建筑工人强大的体力，没有外科医生卓越的指挥能力，也没有商人的方法与手段。
我的精力不是用于追求、攀登、达到、征服或逼近某个目标。
我的精力用于鼓励、支持、安慰和赞扬我的孩子们。
在教育界，内在的回报来源于教学之外。
某一天，除了教授阅读和拼写之外，我还会给孩子们包扎伤口、擦干泪水、舒展皱着的眉头、用绷带包扎撕裂的玩具娃娃、或找到丢失很久的靴子。
全新版大学英语(第二版)unit4课文翻译
Unit4爱因斯坦是外星人么艾伯特爱因斯坦被搞得筋疲力尽.连续第三个晚上，他的宝贝儿子汉斯，哭泣，让家人清醒直到黎明。
当艾伯特终于睡着了是时候起床去工作。
他不能跳过一天。
他需要工作来养活家人。
他轻快地走到专利局，在那里他是一个“技术专家，第三级，”艾伯特担心他的母亲。
她越来越虚弱，她不赞成他与米列娃结婚，关系紧张。
艾伯特看了一眼路过商店的橱窗。
他的头发是一个烂摊子；他忘了梳一遍。
工作。
家庭。
使收支平衡。
艾伯特感受到任何年轻的丈夫和父亲所有的压力和责任的。
放松，他彻底改变了物理学。
1905年，在年龄26时，四年前他找到了工作作为一个物理学教授，爱因斯坦出版了五个最重要的论文在科学史”——所有在他的空余时间写的。
”他证明了原子和分子的存在。
1905年之前，科学家们不清楚那些。
他认为光是小块（后来被称为“光子”），从而奠定了量子力的学基础，。
他描述了他的狭义相对论理论：空间和时间是同一个织物的线，他提出那是可弯曲，拉伸和扭曲的。
哦，顺便说一句，E = mc2。
在爱因斯坦之前，最后一个有这样突出创意的科学家，是艾萨克牛顿先生。
它发生在1666时，牛顿隔离自己母亲的农场去避免爆发在剑桥的瘟疫。
没有什么更好的事，他提出了他的万有引力。
几个世纪以来,历史学家称为1666牛顿的“奇迹年。
现在这些话有不同的意义:爱因斯坦和1905。
联合国已经宣布2005年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇迹年的100周年。
现代流行文化吧爱因斯坦画一个bushy-haired superthinker。
我们被告之他的想法，是不可能远远领先于其他科学家。
他一定是从其他星球来的——也许是牛顿长大的同一个星球。
“爱因斯坦不是外星人，”哈佛大学物理学家和科学史家彼得笑到。
“他是他那个时代的人。
”他所有的1905年的文件揭开问题正在被其他科学家研究，成败参半，“如果爱因斯坦没有出生的，[文件]将最终由他人以某种形式写出来”Galison说。
1905年值得注意的是，一个人撰写的五个文件的全部，加上原有的，爱因斯坦以不敬的方式得到自己的结论。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册 课后翻译
1. 这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
(other than)The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
(may have done)Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
(justify sth. by)Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4. 我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
(remain true to)We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
(discount; be true of)Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文及翻译嘿，伙计们！今天咱们来聊聊大学英语第二版综合教程4这本书。
这本书可是咱们大学生的好朋友，里面有很多有趣的课文，让我们一起来瞧瞧吧！咱们来看看这本书的第一课文《A Visit to the Great Wall》。
这篇文章讲述了作者和朋友们去长城游玩的经历。
文章中提到了很多有趣的细节，比如说长城上有很多人在爬山、拍照，还有一些人在卖纪念品。
作者还描述了长城的壮观景象，让人感叹不已。
这篇文章的语言简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
咱们来看看这本书的第二课文《My Summer Vacation》。
这篇文章讲述了作者暑假期间的生活。
文章中提到了很多有趣的事情，比如说作者去了海边游泳、晒太阳，还去了一个动物园看了很多可爱的动物。
作者还描述了自己在动物园里遇到的一个小女孩，她非常可爱，让人忍不住喜欢上她。
这篇文章的语言也非常简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
咱们来看看这本书的第三课文《A Party at Home》。
这篇文章讲述了作者在家里举办派对的经历。
文章中提到了很多有趣的事情，比如说作者邀请了很多朋友来家里玩，还准备了很多美食和饮料。
作者还描述了派对上的一些趣事，比如说有人唱歌、跳舞，还有人玩游戏。
这篇文章的语言也非常简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
大学英语第二版综合教程4这本书里面的课文都非常有趣，语言简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这些课文还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
大家一定要抽空去看看这本书哦！。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would beracing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
全新版大学英语(第二版)第四册课文A翻译
全新版大学英语(第二版)第四册课文A翻译他们说骄傲先于失败。
就拿破仑和希特勒而言，这是我第一次能够做任何事情。
以拿破仑和希特勒为例。
他们是不可战胜的，他们认为自己是不可战胜的，不可阻挡的。
但是俄罗斯冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
9冰雪卫士9尼拉·史密斯1 1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率领大军进入俄罗斯。
他为保卫祖国的俄罗斯人民的激烈抵抗做好了准备。
他准备好了穿越俄罗斯国土前往首都莫斯科的长征。
但是他没有为在莫斯科遇到的毁灭性的敌人做好准备——俄罗斯寒冷刺骨的冬天。
1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率领军队入侵俄国他准备好了，俄罗斯人民将勇敢战斗，保卫他们的祖国。
他准备长途跋涉穿越俄罗斯广袤的领土，进入首都莫斯科。
然而，他没有想到他会在莫斯科遇到他的劲敌——俄罗斯的寒冷和严冬。
2 1941年，纳粹德国领导人阿道夫·希特勒对当时被称为俄罗斯的苏联发动了攻击。
希特勒的军事力量无与伦比。
他的战争机器已经扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗力量。
希特勒期待一场短暂的战役，但在1941年，纳粹德国国家元首阿道夫·希特勒袭击了当时被称为苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事力量是不可战胜的他的战争机器扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒想要速战速决，但是，像他之前的拿破仑一样，他吸取了痛苦的教训。
帮助苏联士兵的仍然是俄罗斯的冬天拿破仑的战役1812年春天，拿破仑在俄罗斯边境集结了一支60万人的军队。
士兵们训练有素，效率高，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大陆军。
拿破仑对速战速决充满信心，1812年春天，拿破仑在俄罗斯边境驻扎了60万军队。
这些士兵训练有素，战斗能力强，装备精良。
这支军队叫做军队。
拿破仑对他的马的成功充满信心，并预言在五周内占领俄罗斯。
不久后，拿破仑的军队越过内曼河进入俄罗斯。
拿破仑所期待的快速、决定性的胜利从未发生。
令他惊讶的是，俄国人拒绝站出来战斗。
相反，他们向东撤退，不久拿破仑的军队越过内曼河进入俄罗斯。
新概念英语第四册课文及翻译
★新概念英语频道为⼤家整理的新概念英语第四册课⽂及翻译，供⼤家参考。
更多阅读请查看本站频道。
课堂笔记 New words and expressions ⽣词短语 recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数⼀次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第⼀个⾳节带重⾳，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.⼈类学家 anthrop：⼈ philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对⼈有爱⼼的⼈） anthropology :⼈类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology ⽣物学geography 地理学 ecology ⽣态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前⾯ forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧⽯ flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化⽯cobble 鹅卵⽯ Notes on the text 课⽂注释 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east ⾮限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不⽤⽐较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后⾯的表语结构就要⽤to do sth,⽽不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的⼈ fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先⽣ migration ：移民１）migrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千⽅百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－⾃由 so－⾃由 tool:⼩⼯具 instrument:实验器械 equipment:设备 shape:成型；教育，改造 may also have:表推测 peel:果⽪ leather:⽪⾰ hide:兽⽪ cowhide:⽜⽪ without (any) trace:⽆影⽆踪。
新概念 大学英语第二版第四册 课文翻译
名声之尾艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
新视野大学英语第二版第四册课文复述
英语复述第一单元Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them object to people saying there is anything different about them. “I’m really just a normal guy,” protests an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their worshipping fans suggest. They start to wear fancy clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had originally risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such altitude and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to wake from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the cruelty in losing something they had gained. They often make desperate attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become banktupt financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.第二单元Chaplin is a great comic not only for his own mother country but more for the wor ld. Chaplin’s Tramp was considered a little crude and thought that he had too much of an eye for the ladies and that his clothes gave him an appearance more like an Italian waiter than anything else. He resisted making a talking movie until 1936 when he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality. Chaplin achieved great success because he was an immensely talented man and the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.However, the collision between the need to be loved and the fear of being betrayed resulted in disaster in his emotional life which was shown in his movies. Eventually, life gave Chaplin the stable happiness, that is, his marriage with Oona O’Neil. Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977. 第三单元Welfare clients are always cheating more money out of the present welfare system. But there are welfare clients who choose to live a life of complete honesty, telling welfare caseworkers how much they make. Welfare clients have to bow to caseworkers respectfully, and the latter feel they deserve it. Welfare caseworkers, under the present welfare system, become detectives.Problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers, like detectives, trying to find anything unreported, welfare clients’difficulties in obtaining help, the embarrassing situation for welfare clients when trying to make money and lastly the problem of the welfare system and the legal system.Welfare caseworkers like detectives trying to convict welfare clients of cheating. How extremely difficult it is for welfare clients to have their wheelchairs repaired. the welfare clients’embarrassing situation of being questioned to account for every penny when making money out of their own abilities. The law does not encourage clients to work part time and make a gradual shift away from welfare. Welfare clients should have lawyers to protect their rights. The welfare system should help those who want to earn part or all of their own livings. A new system is suggested to encourage welfare clients to develop their talents without feeling guilty or fearful, a new system that does not seek to convict welfare clients of cheating.第五单元While loneliness is very common in the U.S., few people care to admit to it because it is perceived as some sort of social disease. It is seen as admirable for American heroes to bravely go alone intothe wilderness and for poets and philosophers to seek out solitude. Some poets and philosophers, like William Wordsworth and John Milton and Henry David Thoreau, enjoy inspiration from solitude. When an individua lis not solitary out of choice, the experience is both less enjoyable and productive. It is our basic need to talk to someone not only about the big things but also about the little daily things. As a consequence, lonely people will talk about the little things to themselves, the cat, the dog and, most embarrassingly, to total strangers. Therefore, it’s important for ordinary people to stay rational, make themselves comfortable at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in their home.第六单元Bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries, and even a way of life for centuries. If an official clearly tells that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you’ll easily get an import license and avoid “procedure delays”, do you pay up or stand by your principles? Bribery and other questionable payments indeed have become a fact of commercial life. We divide these payments into three broad categories. The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project, to speed up the wheel of government. The third category involves payments made into countries where it is traditional to pay people to help with the passage of a business deal. But how to prohibit bribery in all its forms? ICC favors a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. Unfortunately, opinions differ among the members of ICC concerning how to enforce the code. Anyway, today’s businessman will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interests with his moral conscience.第八单元When I was a little girl, I enjoyed making some contacts with the white, and didn’t see any difference between black and white people except that the white rode through town and never lived there. It was when I was thirteen that I had a keen sense that I was a black girl.Now as an adult, I don’t think that being the descendent of slaves registers any depression with me. Since the slavery is a thing of the past, I find it unnecessary to look behind and weep. In the main, I believe different races are just like bags of different colors, filled with almost same contents. So I am ready for a flying start to win the world.第十单元If a business does not adapt to changes in the business environment, then it will fail Recently it has been argued that smart but inflexible employees don’t necessarily have the abilities to adapt to this ever-changing environment. It would appear that flexibility and Emotional Intelligence rather than IQ is a more accurate measure of intelligence. It is also a more accurate predictor of success. This is an important point for businesses to understand because customers don’t really care about how highly intelligent a businessman is: they will take their business to wherever they are understood and respected . Such a place will be a business staffed with people with a high Emotional Intelligence who have the ability to understand and relate well to others.。
全新版大学英语（第二版）4课后翻译中英文
全新版大学英语（第二版）4课后翻译中英文Unit1攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
师长（division commander）命令我们营（battalion）夜晚绕道敌人后方发起突然袭击。
然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地（marshland）。
我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。
我们营长决定冒一下险。
所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。
这一下扭转了战局。
敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。
Launch turn the tide offensive take a gamble catch off guard get bogged down Thanks to instructThe offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. By a stroke of luck, thanks to the cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle .The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。
新编大学英语第二版第四册英语课文翻译
Unit 6 Risks and You风险与你1 At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats‐to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely.1 在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色，只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。
全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)第4册课文翻译
Appendix ⅡChinese Translations of Texts B (Units 1-8)参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
新概念英语第4册课文(中英文对照)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson4、5、6】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson4【课⽂】First listen and then answer the following question.听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight?Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】solid adj. 坚实的safe n. 保险柜ulyanovsk n. 乌⾥扬诺夫斯克commission n. 委员会opaque adj. 不透明的lotto n. ⼀种有编号的纸牌slipper n. 拖鞋blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的【课⽂注释】1. of people who can read...,这个定语从句⽤来修饰主语cases，由于太长，因此被移⾄谓语之后。
新概念英语第二册lesson15新概念英语第四册Lesson15~19原文及翻译
新概念英语第二册lesson15新概念英语第四册Lesson15~19原文及翻译新概念英语第四册Lesson15原文及翻译Secrecy in industry工业中的秘密First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries?Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific researchin industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carriedout, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so faras any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged incarrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either inother countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departmentsof the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some ofthe bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general andfundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep themsecret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought forwith plete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Evenmore processes are never patented at allbut kept as secret processes. Thisapplies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play amuch larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimesthe secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannotbe mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtainingtechnical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to havenames entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents ofother firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to beundertaking.J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of ScienceNew words and expressionssecrecyn. 秘密effectivenessn. 成效，效力inquiryn. 调查研究positiveadj. 确实的processn. 过程patentn. 专利;v. 得到专利权agentn. 情报人员参考译文有两个因素严重地妨碍工业中科学研究的效率：一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛;二是研究人员缺乏个人自由。
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新概念大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译名声之尾艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。
你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。
一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。
虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。
在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。
他听了她的话以后大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。
但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。
结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。
他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。
更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。
在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。
为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。
奇怪的是，收获最大的恰恰是失败者。
他们收获了自由！他们可以自由地表达，独辟蹊径，不落窠臼，不用担心失去崇拜者的支持。
失败的艺术家寻求安慰时，可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名，或是他们没有出卖自己。
他们也可以为自己的失败辩解：自己的才华实在过于高深，不是当代听众或观众所理解得了的。
那些失败了却仍不肯放弃的顽固派也许会乐于知道，某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇，直至成功。
美国小说家托马斯·伍尔芙的第一本小说《向家乡看吧，安琪儿》被拒39次后，才最终得以出版。
贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他毫无音乐家潜质的偏见，成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
19世纪瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齐原先干的工作没有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一种新型教育模式的基础理论。
托马斯·爱迪生在四年级时被赶出了学校，因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝。
但不幸的是，对大多数人而言，失败是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。
对那些孤注一掷的追名逐利之徒，我要说：祝你们好运。
但是，遗憾的是，你会发现这不是你想得到的。
狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一条尾巴而已。
获得成功的人常常发现成功对他来说弊大于利。
所以要为真实的你、为自己的所为感到高兴，而不是拼命去获得成功。
做那些你为之感到骄傲的事情。
可能在有生之年你默默无闻，但你可能创作了更好的艺术。
2查理.卓别林他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。
他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。
他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。
狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。
在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
中产阶级当然这样认为。
劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。
事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。
他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。
在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。
后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。
但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。
没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。
他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。
在事业发展之初，他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。
当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪汉”时，他说：“这不可能是我。
那可能吗？瞧这角色多么与众不同啊！”这种震惊唤起了他的想象。
卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。
他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。
没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。
他将这些物体想象成其他东西。
因此，在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”；在《淘金记》中，靴子被放在锅里煮，靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）。
这种对事物的转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。
他也深切地渴望被爱，同时也害怕遭到背叛。
这两者很难结合在一起，有时这种冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻那样。
然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。
“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女的信心，相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林的另一面使他的凡尔杜先生，一个杀了妻子的法国人，成为了仇恨女人的象征。
令人宽慰的是，生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。
他找到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。
她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。
他们的年龄差别太大，以致当1942年他们要结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪儿？”──当时已经54岁的卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着。
由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据的流言。
后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。
几个月后，几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。
警方追回了他的尸体，其效率比麦克·塞纳特拍摄的启斯东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。
但是人们不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声的世界留下最后的笑声。
3渴望新的福利制度人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。
当我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境时，都会向福利机构多骗取几美元。
为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的养老金，或告诉社会工作者，说房东又将房租涨了100 美元。
我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。
我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！哦，私下里领一笔钱当然对我挺有吸引力，但即使我挡不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。
他们会保留我的记录，而这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。
真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。
作为一名福利救济对象，我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。
社会工作者心里知道，许多救济对象在欺他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。
我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。
大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。
可是，在这个实际上是要人撒谎的体制里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫“苏珊娜”的人一样了──一个穿运动短裤的侦探。
去年圣诞节过后不久，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，看到墙上贴着新的宣传画，便想知道：“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些？”“从朋友和家人那儿。
”“那么，你最好要张收据，真的，你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。
”她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。
但是我却将她顶了回去。
“那天在马路上有人给我一根烟，我也得报告吗？”“对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是我制订的。
”苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。
由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，所以它总是坏。
“您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，我听说您的那辆轮椅比一般人用得多得多。
”我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。
我住在闹市区附近，可以坐着轮椅到处走走。
我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，会是什么感受。
政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。
但它对脊柱伤残的人的影响更为突出：政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。
每次我的轮椅出问题，掉了螺丝，需要换个新轴承，或刹车不灵时，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。