《大学英语(四)》普本

《大学英语（四）》普本复习资料Vocabulary and Structure1.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to________ ground and air attacks．A) launch B) withstand C) contest D) contend2．I'm pleased to hear of your job offer一all that hard work at school has obviously________.A) paid off B) taken its toll C) made a difference D) shown up3．The talks might________ for weeks before any concrete result is announced.A) press on B) drag on C) get bogged down D) hold out4. We need someone really_______ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.A) crucial B) realistic C) essential D) efficient5．Once Mrs．Kirkpatrick________ you in conversation, you’re stuck with her for at least half an hour.A) submerges B) engages C) occupies D) launches6. Their refusal to compromise is a major ______that stands in the way of further peace talks．A) obstacle B) complication C) entity D) hazard7. However, the new law, once passed, will______ the Bridlington agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.A) convert B) render C) cancel D) eliminate8.1 will hold you personally _______ if anything goes wrong in this project.A) destructive B) lucrative C) diverse D) responsible9. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is________ from the list for promotion．A) eliminated B) retreated C) pried D) wrenched10. The intelligence department was accused of failure to ________the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend.A) instruct B) warn C) dictate D) alert11．Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially ________.A) constructive B) feasible C) favorable D) stiff12. Under normal circumstances the body can _________these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.A) convert B) render C) derive D) originate13. This course focuses on the _______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.A) conception B) combination C) application D) introduction14. You can ______ the video camera on a tripod（三脚架），so that you don't have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions．A) withstand B) mount C) implement D) dwell15．The camps are not usually tent-type camps．They are mostly long-established, _______ structures，often with strange Indian names．A) permanent B) historical C) monotonous D) raw16．A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and _______ increase its market power.A) therefore B) thereby C) hence D) further17. ________ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production．A) Prospective B) Responsible C) Ethnic D) Realistic18．Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into the departmental research ________and, in addition，participate in the Postgraduate Education Programme．A) cooperation B) endeavor C) administration D) network19．As a reporter, I was paid to _______ into other people's lives．A) pry B) convert C) blurt D) carve20. The ball was _______ out of his grasp by a player on the other team.A) wrenched B）contested C) interrupted D) sucked21. As he walked out of the court, he was ________ with frustration and rage.A) applauding B) quivering C) paralyzing D) limping22．AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America's ______ process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases．A) efficient B) stagnant C) intricate D) appropriate23．Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural，some were ______ out.A) carved B) pried C) penetrated D) decorated」24. The doctor ______ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.A) went after B) followed up C) started up D) took on25. People from different cultures have different _______ of the world.A) impressions B) complications C) foundations D) conceptions26. Don't let his criticism ______ you; he belongs to the kind of people who take delight in finding fault with others’ work．A) discourage B) concern C) dictate D) paralyze27. The survey found 80 percent of viewers were ______ by the violent scenes in the film.A) eliminated B) alerted C) offended D) discouraged28．The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting _______ services．A) essential B) appropriate C) equivalent D) lucrative29. In today’s working world the roles of men and women are becoming _______.A) dwarfed B) incorporated C) correlated D) blurred30. This disease _____ in Africa but has now spread to many parts of the world.A) derived B) originated C) sparkled D) dwelled31.Today, household chores have been made much easier by electrical_______.A. appliancesB. equipmentC. facilitiesD. utilities32. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house ______the terms of the contract.A. in the vicinity ofB. in quest ofC. in accordance withD. in collaboration with33. At the beginning of each course, the teacher should give a very ____ explanation of his plan for this course．A. comprehensiveB. considerateC. compoundD. complicated34. The Space Age ____in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the former Soviet Union.A. initiatedB. originatesC. embarkedD. commenced35. A bad cold ______ him to his bed last week.A. restricted B．confined C. controlled D. restrained36. It is high time that you _____the test paper and _____it in.A. finish, handB. finished, handedC. finished, to hand D, have finished, handed37.Her parents wanted to change her mind so they tried to ____ her to their way of thinking.A. convertB. alterC. transferD. convey38.In the early 1990s various measures were＿to encourage savings, stimulate investmentand motivate workers’ effort.A. implementedB. impartedC. complimentedD. exploited39.I wouldn’t ＿to interfere. Instead, I let my students make their own decisions.A. resumeB. presumeC. assumeD. consume40. While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed＿in China's particular situation.A. imaginableB. availableC. feasibleD. desirable41．At first the institute refused to buy the instruments, but this decision was ____ revised.A. occasionallyB. consequentlyC. successivelyD. subsequently42．Provided that my expenses＿，I will go with you for the investigation next week.A. are paid forB. will be paidC. can be paidD. be paid for43．Let us hope that＿a nuclear war, the human beings might survive.A. in the event of B．in relation to C. in the case of D. with reference to44．All the year she has been＿between optimism and despair.A. vibratingB. swingingC. fluctuatingD. waving45．The scientists at the University of Bern in Switzerland have used a weakened virus that is not_____ and has proved safe and effective．A. infectiousB. harmfulC. dangerousD. invading46. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow＿，particularly in Western Europe.A. obscureB. obsoleteC. optionalD. overlapping47.Tourism has also been greatly＿the rapid development of some developing nations．A. lain inB. consisted inC. responsible forD. accounted for48.We＿her letter last week. We don’t know what has happened.A. must receiveB. ought to receiveC. must have receiveD. ought to have received49. If no one asks any question，I＿everybody understands．A. deduceB. presumeC. pretendD. presuppose50.It was important for any lecturer to get the audience＿right at the beginning and then gradually increase the pressure．A. related B．concerned C. involved D. mixed51.When I left Canada five years ago，the municipal administration of Montreal was＿＿＿＿policies to limit the number of cars and to improve public transportation．A. setting upB. setting aboutC. setting forthD. setting down52. Cars are eating up too much space．They are packed on sidewalks and pedestrians have to____ to these cars.A. obey B．sacrifice C. attribute D. contribute53. After a few months of working with his hands，Dr. Brown returned to his college, _____that his time had been well spent.A. persuadedB. convincedC. noticedD. promised54. Every precaution must be made to keep all medications and dangerous substances out of a child’s ______.A. reachB. approachC. rangeD. hand55. As soon as class began, the teacher＿the test papers to us.A. dividedB. distributedC. displacedD. passed56. Population expansion and its adverse＿on resources and environment have become the primary problem restricting environmental and economic development.A. strokeB. blowC. beatD. impact57.Man is controlled by his instincts as well as by＿．A. reasonB. intuitionC. causeD. result58.Before police could stop the drink-crazed driver, he had crashed＿another car and sentsix persons to the hospital．A. out B．against C. into D. on59. The high court reversed the decision of the lower court because the ruling＿the defendant his right.A. refusedB. declinedC. deniedD. ignored60. What do you＿to do about the problem now that this solution has failed?A. considerB. thinkC. suggestD. intend61. Because of the accident, grandmother will＿my brother and me to swim in the river unless someone agrees to watch us．A. preventB. forbidC. prohibitD. restrain62.I＿looking at him with what must have been all but unbearable curiosity．A. remindB. recallC. recognizeD. realize63. No one has ever＿＿＿the senator of being at a loss for words; he can speak at a greatlength on almost any subject.A. accusedB. blamedC. chargedD. scolded64.The health program outlined in the article seems very sound to me, but it has＿considerable public outcry.A. run intoB. met withC. put up withD. put down65. He＿his engagement just before the wedding.A. broke out ofB. broke away fromC. broke offD. broke up66. It＿on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years.A. dawned B．occurred C. drew D. struck67. He would＿in Pacete every few months and stay a little while; he would get money outof someone or other and then disappear again．A. turn in B．turn out C. turn over D. turn up68. The sergeant’s orders were perfectly＿．A. executedB. exercisedC. developedD. applied69.Not until toward the end of the Eisenhower years, however,＿the task of educating the public and promoting legislative action.A. publicists beginB. publicists didn't beginC. did publicists beginD. publicists had begun70. He stressed that the financial crisis must be solved by the member states＿the United Nations itself because the UN does what the member states decide．A. rather thanB. not onlyC. butD. besides71. A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine＿with other people.A. such as they now talkB. like they now talkC. as much as they now doD. as they now do72. Initially the Lincoln administration refused black volunteers; they feared that the appearance of black Yankees on the battlefield might suggest that the war＿other purposes in addition to the restoration of the Union.A. have B．had C. had had D. would have73. The police admitted＿a mistake in arresting an innocent man.A. to makeB. to have madeC. to having madeD. to making74. Protective measures have been adopted in most hospitals since too much＿to X-rayscan cause skin burns，cancer or other damage to the body．A. disclosureB. exhibitionC. expositionD. exposure75. He was elected president of the Literary Research Association by＿of his academic and organizational abilities.A. virtueB. meansC. wayD. chance76. The customs inspector was＿for smugglers．A. on the guardB. on the watchC. on watchD. on alert77. He used to be a Christian, but he is now＿to Buddhism.A. convertedB. changedC. transformedD. turned78.In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been_____into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country．A. alteredB. convertedC. changedD. transformed79. She once again went through her composition carefully to＿all the spelling mistakesfrom it.A. exclude B．eliminate C. abolish D. diminish80. Territorial＿was the emperor’s principal consideration in making policy decisions.A. extensionB. expansionC. increaseD. enlargement81. The tension＿＿as the guest of honor was about to announce the winner.A. mounted B．ascended C. climbed D. raised82.—"We don’t have much time left！The train is to start in 30 minutes.”—" I won’t keep you waiting long. I’11 join you＿．”A. currentlyB. eventuallyC. presentlyD. definitely83. Diamonds have little＿value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity．A. extinctB. permanentC. surplusD. intrinsic84. The policemen went into action＿they heard the alarm．A. promptlyB. presentlyC. quicklyD. directly85. One of the attractive features of the training was the way the practical work had been＿into the learning process．A. adjustedB. alternatedC. incorporatedD. combined86. Sawdust is not a waste product；it is the main＿of particle board，from which somefurniture is made．A. elementB. ingredientC. componentD. factor87. He hated wandering about and expected to find a＿＿＿position in the Civil Service of government.A. permissiveB. perceptiveC. permanentD. perpetual88. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of＿＿standards．A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely89. For many patients, institutional care is the most＿and beneficial form of care．A. pertinent B．appropriate C. acute D. persistent90. A monkey is＿at a few years old, but a human being isn’t till at least 16. Which of the following four words is WRONG？A. grown-upB. ripeC. adultD. mature91. Your design is not technically＿．For instance, how can we make such tiny motors？A. possibleB. imaginableC. feasibleD. probable92. The delegation would spend their first day touring around Bangkok, and after that all their plans were ______.A. in the airB. by the airC. on the airD. off the air93. The fire has caused great losses，but the factory tried to＿the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A. decreaseB. subtractC. minimizeD. degrade94. The bulb＿was the invention of Thomas Edison．A. as is know by usB. as do we know itC. as we know itD. as we know95. Within the last year, astronomers have come closer than ever＿．A. to deciding which of the questions is rightB. to decide which of the questions is rightC. deciding whether the question is right or notD. and decide which of the question is right96. This medicine is sold everywhere in the country，so you may buy it＿．A. somewhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. elsewhere97. Superconductors lose electrical resistance only＿subjected to intense cold.A. throughB. whenC. asD. by98. Please check the copy＿the original before handing in．A. withB. againstC. overD. A and B99. Bill's performance was＿hers．A. as good as, if not better than,B. so good as, if not better than,C. as good, if not better than,D. as good as, if not better,100.Clare Louis Masa was the only woman＿in the experiment and among the few volunteers _____from it.A. participating, to dieB. to participate, dyingC. participating, who dieD. to participate, to dieReading comprehension(Directions：Choose the best answer for each of the questions or unfinished statements after reading the passages.)Passage OneAnimation means making things which are lifeless come alive and move.From earliest times, people have always been fascinated by movement , but not until this century have we managed to capture movement，to record it, and in the case of animation，to reinterpret it and recreate it. To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projecto r.In the world of cartoon animation，nothing is impossible．You can make the characters you create do exactly what you want them．A famous early cartoon character was Felix the Cat, created by Pat Sullivan in America in the early nineteen twenties．Felix was a marvelous cat. He could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do like taking off his tail, using it as a handle and then putting it back.Most of the great early animators lived and worked in America, the home of the moving picture industry. The famous Walt Disney cartoon characters came to life after 1928．Popeye the Sailorman and his girl friend Olive Oyl were born at the Max Fleischer studios in 1933．But to be an animator, you don’t have to be a professional．It is possible for anyone to make a simple animated film without using a camera at all．All you have to do is draw directly on to blank film and then run the film through a projector.1. What's the main topic of the passage？A. American history.B. Cartoon making.C. Movement.D. Cartoon character.2．Felix the Cat can do many things to its tail except＿.A. taking it offB. putting it backC. eating it upD. using it as a handle3．According to the passage, Felix the Cat＿.A. was created by the American cartoonist FelixB. was created in the United States in the nineteenth centuryC. was designed by Pat Sullivan in the early twentieth centuryD. was unable to do what natural cats could not do4．It can be inferred from the passage that＿.A. only professional can create cartoon charactersB. Walt Disney cartoon characters were born earlier than Pat Sullivan'sC. animation means making things lifelessD. the cartoon industry started in the United States5．Which of the following statements best describes the author's attitude towards cartoon making?A. It's interesting but hard to do.B. We need professional to instruct us.C. It takes a lot of time to draw on to blank films．D. It's an easy job．Everyone can do it.Passage TwoTelevision was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It evolved gradually, over a long period, from the ideas of many people一each one building on the work of their predecessors．The process began in 1873，when it was accidentally discovered thatthe electrical resistance of the element selenium（硒）varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided a way of transforming light variations into electrical signals. Almost immediately a number of schemes were proposed for sending pictures by wire（it was, of course，before radio)．One of the earliest of these schemes wan patterned on the human eye. Sugested by G.R.Carey in 1875, it envisioned a mosaic of selenium cells on which the picture to be transmitted would be focused by a lens system. At the receiving end there would be a similarly arranged mosaic made up of electric lights．Each selenium cell would be connected by an individual wire to the similarly placed light in the receiving mosaic．Light falling on the selenium cell would reproduce the original picture. Had the necessary amplifiers（放大器、扩音器）and the right kind of lights been available,this system would have worked. But it also would have required an impractical number of connecting wires．Carey recognized this and proposed to "scan" the cells一transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn, over a single wire．If this were done fast enough, the retentive power of the eye would cause the resultant（合成的）image to be seen as a complete picture.6．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Television in the Electronic EraB. First Steps in the Invention of TelevisionC.The Art of TelevisionD. Harmful Effects of Television Viewing7．In Paragraph 1，the word "being" could best be replaced by＿.A. placeB. creatureC. subsistenceD. existence8．An important discovery in early television was the electrical resistance of___.A. mosaicsB. the human eyeC. lensesD. the element selenium9. In 1875，Carey suggested that the human eye envisioned a mosaic of selenium cells on which the picture to be transmitted would be focused by＿．A. wireB. electric lightsC. a lens systemD. amplifiers10. Following are the reasons why the first scheme for television was abandoned EXCEPT＿.A. he lacks an effective assistantB. the necessary amplifiers were unavailableC. the proper lights were unavailableD. the number of connecting wires is impracticalPassage ThreeThe greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women．During the twentieth century there was a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children．A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old．By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children．Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty．Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods．This important change in women's life pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born．Very many more afterwards return to ful1-time or part-time work．Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.11 ．It‘s probably now that women＿．A. marry men younger than themselvesB. do not do houseworkC. do not want to give birth to childrenD. provide the money to the family like her husband12．For women at the twentieth century, the amount of time spent caring for children＿.A. was shorter than in previous centuriesB. was longer than in previous centuriesC. was considered to be surprisingly longD. accounted for a great part of their lives 13．We are told that, in an average family about 1900＿．A. many children died before they were fiveB. seven or eight children lived to be more than fiveC. the youngest child would be fifteenD. four of five children died when they were five14．When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth century mother＿.A. was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted oneB. would not expect to workC. was very healthy and beautifulD. was considered to have a rest at home15．One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she＿.A. is younger when her children are still youngB. does not like caring for childrenC. need not worry about food for her childrenD. is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselvesPassage FourThe rise of tourist traffic has brought the relatively recent phenomenon of the tourist attraction pure and simple. It often has no purpose but to attract in the interest of the owner or of the nation. As we might expect，this use of the word "attraction" as "a thing or feature which ‘draws’people, especially any interesting or amusing exhibition" dates only from about 1862．It is a new species：the most attenuated form of a nation’s culture. All over the world now we find these "attractions"一of little significance for the inward life of a people, but wonderfully saleable as tourist commodities. Examples are Madam Tussaud’s exhibition of wax figures in London（she first became known for her modeled heads of the leaders and victims of the French Revolution）and the Tiger Balm Gardens in Hong Kong；Disneyland in California一the American "attraction” which tourist Khrushchev most wanted to see一is the example to end all examples.Here indeed Nature imitates Art. The visitor to Disneyland encounters not the two-dimensional comic strip of movie originals, but only their three-dimensional facsimiles．Tourist attractions serve their purpose best when they are pseudo-events．To be repeatable at will，they must be factitious．Emphasis on the artificial comes from the ruthless truthfulness of tourist agents．What they can real]y guarantee you are not spontaneous cultural products but only those made especially for tourist consumption, for foreign cash customers．Not only in Mexico City and Montreal, but also in the remote Guatemalan tourist Mecca of Chichecastenango and in far-off villages of Japan, earnest honest natives embellish their ancient rites, change, enlarge, and spectacularize their festivals, so that tourists will not be disappointed. In order to satisfy the exaggerated expectations of tour agents and tourists, people everywhere obligingly become dishonest mimics of themselves. To provide a full schedule of events at the best seasons and at convenient hours，they travesty their most solemn rituals, holidays, and folk celebrations all for the benefit of the tourists.16．Which of the following can be concluded from the first paragraph？A. These tourist attractions do not appeal to the local people spiritually.B. Disneyland is no longer a typical example of tourist attractions.C. Both tourists and local people are equally drawn by these tourist attractions.D. Madam Tussaud’s exhibition is not one of saleable tourist commodities．17．"Nature imitates Art" means that____.A. Art is two-dimensional and Nature is three-dimensional.B. Disney created a two-dimensional art formC. the facsimiles are three-dimensionalD. Disneyland is a life-like copy of the original film cartoons18．To be repeatable at will, a tourist attraction must be＿．A. artificial B．attractive C. fictitious D. facetious19．The locals all over the world＿in order to satisfy the traveling agents and tourists．A. make their festivals more materialB. adorn and exaggerate their traditional ceremoniesC. change into dishonest tourist attractionsD. decorate their villages for the tourists20. The word "travesty" (Para. 2）probably means＿．A. scornB. distortC. make ridiculousD. change greatlyPassage FiveIcebergs are among nature’s most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being-somewhere-in faraway, line frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence, which in most cases no one hears or sees．They exist only a short time and then slowly away just as unnoticed.Objects of sheerest beauty，they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes, they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green, or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues．They are graceful，stately, inspiring in calm, sunlit seas.But they are also called frightening and dangerous，and they are in the night, in the fog, and in storms．Even in clear weather one is wise to stay at a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the visible top．Also，they may roll over unexpectedly，churning the waters around them.。