2019年10月全国自考00837旅游英语选读试题及答案
旅游英语自考试题及答案
旅游英语自考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common way to greet someone in English-speaking countries?A. Shaking handsB. BowingC. HuggingD. Kissing2. When you travel to a foreign country, which of the following is NOT recommended?A. Learning basic phrases in the local language.B. Respecting local customs and traditions.C. Wearing casual clothes at all times.D. Asking for permission before taking photos.3. What does "I'd like to book a room" mean?A. I want to reserve a room.B. I need to cancel a room reservation.C. I want to check out of the hotel.D. I want to inquire about room rates.4. Which of the following is NOT a common public transport?A. BusB. TrainC. TaxiD. Horse carriage5. What does "I'm lost" mean?A. I'm tired.B. I'm confused.C. I'm hungry.D. I'm thirsty.6. If you want to know the time, you can ask:A. "What's the date today?"B. "What time is it?"C. "Where is the time zone?"D. "How long is the time difference?"7. Which of the following is NOT a typical tourist activity?A. SightseeingB. ShoppingC. CookingD. Visiting museums8. What does "I need a map" mean?A. I'm looking for a map.B. I need a map to navigate.C. I want to draw a map.D. I'm selling maps.9. When you want to say "I'm here for a vacation," you can say:A. "I'm on a business trip."B. "I'm here for a vacation."C. "I'm here for a meeting."D. "I'm here for a conference."10. If you want to ask for directions to the airport, you can say:A. "How do I get to the airport?"B. "Where is the airport located?"C. "Can you fly me to the airport?"D. "What is the airport's flight schedule?"答案：1-5 A B D D B6-10 B D D B A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. When you want to ask for the price of an item, you can say, "________?"- How much does it cost?12. If you need to exchange currency, you can go to a________.- bank or currency exchange13. To express that you are enjoying the trip, you can say, "I'm really ________."- enjoying myself / having a great time14. If you want to ask for a recommendation for a good restaurant, you can say, "Do you know any ________ nearby?" - good restaurants15. When you want to say that you are looking forward to visiting a place, you can say, "I'm really ________ to________."- looking forward / visit16. If you need to call a taxi, you can dial ________.- the taxi company's number or a local taxi hotline17. To ask for a wake-up call at the hotel, you can say, "Could you ________ me at 7 AM?"- give me a wake-up call / wake me up18. When you want to say that you are ready to go, you can say, "I'm all ________."- set / ready19. If you need to ask for a doctor, you can say, "I'm not feeling well, can you help me find a ________?"- doctor / medical professional20. To express that you are leaving, you can say, "I have to ________ now."- go / leave三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
《旅游英语选读》自考真题试题及答案解析
《旅游英语选读》自考真题试题及答案解析一、 单选题（共47题，共0分）1、WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.MorrisdancinginFrenchruralcommunitiesowesmuchtotourism.B.Throughtravel,peoplearefindingfriendsineverycorneroftheearth.C.Tourismcontributestobothpreservationanddevelopmentoftheworld'scultureheritage.D.Thesocialsignificanceoftourismisverytruefortheindividualtravelers.答案：A解析：暂无解析2、Awell-knownexampleofthelargescaledestructionofanecosystemthroughvegetationremovaltoaccommodatetouristfacilitiesisthecaseofthe_______.A.coastalregionsofAustraliaB.EuropeanAlpsC.AcropolisinAthensD.SnowdoniainWales答案：B解析：暂无解析3、WhichofthefolloingisNOTincludedinthefabledFiveMountainsinChina?A.HuashanB.LushanC.SongshanD.Taishan答案：B解析：暂无解析4、In1985,_______becamethefirstinternationalhotelcompanytoopenahotelinChinabearingitsownname.A.SheratonB.HolidayInnC.HiltonInternationalD.IBIS(France)答案：A解析：暂无解析5、______innsandtaverns,inparticular,gainedareputationforcleanlinessandcomfortandsetthestandardforaccommodationinotherpartsofE urope.A.SwissB.GermanC.FrenchD.English答案：D解析：暂无解析6、______aretheprimarydestinationsfortheChineseatpresent.A.SomeEuropeancountries.B.SomeNorthAmericancountries.C.SomeASEANcountries.D.SomeSouthAmericancountries.答案：C解析：暂无解析7、Touristexpenditureshavedifferenteffectsonadestinationeconomy:salesbyfoodvendorstorestaurantsare_______effect;whiletaxifaresanda irlineticketsalesare_______effect.A.induced;directB.direct;indirectC.indirect;directD.induced;indirect答案：C解析：暂无解析8、IntheU.K.,theQueen'sSilverJubileeisin_______.A.1977B.1967C.1987D.1957答案：A解析：暂无解析9、Astothevariouspollutions,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.IntheUS,manyduneshavebeendestroyedbytheuseofbeachbuggies.B.IntheUK,manyduneshavebeenseriouslyerodedbymotorcyclerallying.C.InSpain,theremovalofcoralforcommercialsaledamagescoastalregions.D.FootpathsinSnowdoniainWaleshavebeenerodedbyover-use.答案：C解析：暂无解析10、Chinaisamountainouscountry.Hills,mountains,andplateauscover_______ofthetotalarea.A.1/3B.3/4C.2/3D.1/2答案：C解析：暂无解析11、TheWesternCouncilforTravelResearchin_______employedthetermvisitor.A.1965B.1964C.1963D.1962答案：C解析：暂无解析12、WhichofthefollowingcountryisnotamemberofOECD?A.FinlandB.LuxembourgC.VietnamD.Italy.答案：C解析：暂无解析13、WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasWTO'sobjective?A.Tofacilitate,intravel,people'saccesstoeducationandculture.B.Toactasaninternationalagencyofcoordinationandcooperationtospreadtourism.C.Toavoiddiscriminationbetweencontractingcountries.D.Toimprovetheconditionsofcountrydwellersandsotocontributetoanexpandingworldeconomy.答案：C解析：暂无解析14、InEurope_______arethetwoleadingcontendersforaglobalreservationssystem.A.SABREandGALILEOB.GALILEOandAPOLLOC.GALILEOandAMADEUSD.APOLLOandAMADEUS答案：C解析：暂无解析15、______isrecognizedasthenationalflag-carrier.A.TheprivateairlineB.ThepublicairlineC.ThecharteredairlineD.jetairline答案：B解析：暂无解析16、In1995,anaverageof_______ofdomestictravelerswentonsightseeinginChina.A.52.4%B.54.2%C.56.4%D.54.6%答案：A解析：暂无解析17、Whichofthefollowingisnotaninternationalvisitor?A.Acrewmemberofaforeignvesseloraircraftstoppedinthecountryonalay-over.B.Anemployeeofinternationalbodiesonamissionlastinglessthanoneyear,oranationalreturninghomeforatemporary.C.Onewhovisitsinthecapacityofadiplomatoramemberofthearmedforces.D.Aforeigncommercialorbusinesstraveler.答案：C解析：暂无解析18、AccordingtoMaslow,self-actualizationneedexcludes_______A.personaldevelopmentB.self-discoveryC.satisfactionofinnerdesiresD.explorationandevaluation答案：C解析：暂无解析19、Thefirsttaskofabrochureisto_______.A.savespaceB.savecostC.attractattentionD.bebeautiful答案：C解析：暂无解析20、TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia,________itisnottechnicallylegalthere.A.ifB.otherwiseC.althoughD.unless答案：C解析：本句的意思是“虽然荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家，但是安乐死在荷兰严格说来并不合法” ，所以应该填although。
自学考试历年试题_2012年10月自学考试旅游英语选读试题_复习参考资料
自学考试历年试题_2012年10月自学考试旅游英语选读试题_复习参考资料旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
I．Multiple choice：(1×15=15)Directions：Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence and blacken thecorresponding letter A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．1．Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and ______ factor．A．business B．employmentC．communication D．physical2．The purposes the brochure serves will dictate its design and ______．A．appearance B．contentsC．programme D．format3．Travel by ship did in fact ______ travel by train．A．precede B．overtakeC．lay behind D．supper4．The tourist is often satisfied with purchasing what he believes to be ______ example of typical local art．A．a cultural B．a productiveC．an authentic D．an imitatiV e5．The creation of income from tourism is closely bound up with ______．A．good services B．satisfactionC．extra services D．employment6．On the other hand，the quality of the environment is ______ by tourist development itselfwhich is promoted because of its economic importance．A．threatened B．improvedC．helped D．dropped7．The World Tourism Organization is an official ______ organization to the United Nations．A．consumer B．consultativeC．communicative D．cooperative8．The ______ of visitors accept staying in small guest houses living with local families in their homes．A．medium B．minorityC．partial D．majority9．Travel by air has become safe，comfortable，rapid and above all ______.A．cheer B．interestingC．cheap D．easy10．No hotel can exist without the ______ of its guests．A．informing B．serviceC．invitation D．patronage11．Consumers look at the environment and culture of the ______ they visit as a key part of the holiday experience．A．destinations B．hotelsC．countries D．markets12．Most travel principals sell their products to consumers through ______ of travel agents．A．management B．marketC．booking D．medium13．Caves have always been the ______ of China’s natural tourism resources．A．interests B．highlightsC．profits D．wonders14．As soon as people began to travel extensively by land and by water thousands of years ago，there was a demand for ______ resting places．A．overnight B．comfortableC．family D．clean15．The removal of ______ to trade and travel will definitely enchance China’s position as a country for financial investment，international business，and business and leisure travel. A．limitations B．pressuresC．barriers D．oppositionⅡ．Reading comprehension：(2×10=20)Directions: Read the following passages．Make your propel choices and blacken the corresponding letter A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．（1）Many people say that“If one has not been to Mount Ali he will not realize what magic spell a steep towering mountain can cast on the beholder”and that “he will not be able to realize how beautiful and majestic the island of Taiwan is”．One of the eight most famed beauty spots of Taiwan，Mount Ali is located near the centre of the island，facing the western peaks of Y u’Shan or Jade Mountain to the east and dominating over the Jiayi-Tainan Plains to the west with the cities of Nantou and Aoqu to the north and the strategic Gaoxiong and Pingdong to the south．A lush，tree-clad mountain，now and then shrouded in mist and fog，it is a real enchanting experience to make one’s way up the mountain and experience the myriad changes in the scenery and the many exotic sights on the way．That is why so many sightseers would like to go holidaying there．About the origin of the name Ali，there is this story in circulation：Once upon a time，the Gaoshan or High Mountain Tribe had a chieftain whose name was A-Ba-Li．While giving chase to a white deer one day, he arrived at this spot．But then all of a sudden the deer had vanished from sight while before him was unfolding a beautiful scene of luxuriant wooded hills．So he persuaded his tribe to come with him and，after overcoming many difficulties，turned the mountain into new hunting grounds．In memory of this chieftain，the mountain was later given the name Ali．16．Mount Ali is probably named after______．A．Gaoshan Tribe’s name B．the island of TaiwanC．Gaoshan chieftain’s name D．Jade Mountain’s name17．Mount Ali is often ______ in mist and fog．A．separated B．envelopedC．jammed D．covered18．The beauty of Mount Ali can ______ the beauty of the island of Taiwan．A．represent B．respond toC．overtake D．show19．People climbing up Mount Ali would experience ______changes in the scenery and the many exotic sights on the way．A．mystical B．astonishingC．a lot of D．countless20．According to the story, at first the Gaoshan people were ______ to live on Mount Ali．A．glad B．reluctantC．pleased D．ready（2）There are four large and distinctive segments of tourism consumers that deserve special discussion，because of their sizes and importance to the industry．These segments are business and professional travelers，vacation and leisure travelers，mature travelers and international travelers．Let’s take a brief look at the size，importance，and common characteristics of each of these segments．Business travel is considered to be the backbone or “bread and butter”of the tourism industry，because business people are often required to travel as a part of their day-to-day activities．Since travel is a part of their jobs，the amount of money they spend on tourism services tends to stay fairly constant，and they are not as price-sensitive as vacation and leisure travelers．Therefore，the demand for business travel services is fairly inelastic．When demand does not significantly change with price fluctuations，it is said to be inelastic．In contrast，when demand changes substantially as price fluctuates，it is referred to as elastic．The demand for vacation and leisure travel and tourism services is elastic since it can be significantly influenced by changes in prices．The prices travelers pay for airline tickets provide an excellent example highlighting differences between inelastic and elastic demands．When looking at air fares，you may have noticed the least expensive air fares are the ones booked the furthest in advance of the scheduled departure date．Since business people typically have to travel on short notice，they are willing to pay higher fares to obtain needed services．However，since leisure travel is elastic and these individuals can plan their trips in advance，they are attracted to lower air fares．How would the concepts of inelastic and elastic demand work for a downtown commercial hotel experiencing heavy demand from business travelers during the weekdays while attempting to fill the rooms with leisure travelers on the weekend?As companies become more global in their activities，business travel should continue to grow．In fact，travel and the expenses related to travel are the third 1argest expense for corporations，right after labor and information-processing expenses．21．Special attention must be paid to the ______ of the four large distinctive segments of tourism consumers．A．tourism industry B．sizes and importanceC．vacation and leisure D．common characteristics22．The people working in tourism industry have their______ from business travel.A．large income B．bread and butterC．jobs D．price fluctuations23．V acation and leisure travelers are sensitive to ______．A．changes in travel B．significant influenceC．travel price D．tourism services24．People usually pay ______ for needed services．A．high fares B．higher faresC．scheduled prices D．inelastic fares25．The further in advance of the departure date the ______ is the air fares．A．more elastic B．more inelasticC．higher D．lowerⅢ．Cloze：(1×15=15)Directions：Choose the best answer from the choices given to complete the passage and blacken the corresponding letter A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．People travel for a lot of reasons．Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines．26 are looking for culture，or simply want to have their picture 27 in front of famous places．But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie 28 .Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and 29 a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it．Residents of cities like London，spend a lot of their winter in the dark 30 the days are so short，and much of the rest of the year in the rain．This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them．Every summer，more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean 31 and beaches for the same reason：sun!The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries．Italy’s 30,000 hotels are 32 solid every summer．And 13 million people 33 out on French beaches，parks，and roadsides．Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere 34 ．But there are 35 that the area is getting more tourists than it can handle．The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted 36 on earth．And with increased tourism，it’s getting worse．The French can’t figure out what to do with all the garbage 37 by campers around St．Tropez．None of this，however，is spoiling anyone’s fun．Obviously, they don’t go there for clean water and solitude．They tolerate traffic 38 and seem to like crowded beaches．They don’t even mind the pollution．No matter 39 dirty the water is，the coastline still looks beautiful．And as long as the sun 40 ，it’s still better than sitting in the cold rain in London．26．A．Anothers B．Some C．Others D．Rest 27．A．taken B．took C．take D．taking 28．A．in B．on C．over D．down 29．A．feed up with B．keep up with C．catch up with D．put up with 30．A．if B．whether C．because D．thus 31．A．resorts B．landscape C．serf D．serenity 32．A．served B．1ived C．busy D．booked 33．A．put B．go C．camp D．set 34．A．else B．too C．either D．also 35．A．sides B．sites C．sights D．signs 36．A．areas B．sea C．seas D．parts 37．A．produced B．left C．existed D．taken 38．A．jams B．crowds C．transportations D．problems 39．A．such a B．so C．however D．how 40．A．attends B．shines C．sets D．hangs非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
【VIP专享】00837自考旅游英语选读复习资料
旅游英语选读常见单词（复习资料）A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部Accreditation services审定工作Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价Air France法国航空公司Air taxi出租飞机服务All and sundry全部,所有的人All walks of life各阶层All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游An accelerator concept加速器原则An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出Annual receipts年收入Arts and craft工艺美术As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟August Bank Holiday八月银行假日August bodies权威机构Back office system后台办公系统Baggage checks行李票Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡Balance of payments收支平衡Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务Bermuda百慕大群岛Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商Business traveler商务旅游者cable cars缆车Capital investment资本投资Car hire小汽车出租Carry capacity运载能力Charter aircraft包机Charter flights包机航班Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用Commissions佣金Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店Cottage industries家庭手工业Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS) Computer reservations system计算机预系统Cruise ships巡游船CTC )Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游Customized services按要求提供的服务项目Dealers in dreams销售梦幻Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述Ecosysytems生态系统Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭（空巢效应）En route在途中End objective最终目标Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组Extras各种额外费用Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续Games room游艺室Gard currency硬通货Gard-wired硬接线Generating areas旅游产生地Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值High-spend visitors高消费游客Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游Hotel chains饭店联号Impulse purchasing 冲动购买In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式Inbound tourism入境旅游Income multiplie收入乘数Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游Indulge in尽情享受Industry code of conduct行业行为规范In-flight magazines机上杂志In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机Instant culture文化快餐Insurance coverage保险范围Internal tourism境内旅游International tourism 国际旅游Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段Invisible receipt无形收入Invisibles无形商品Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游Jet airliner喷气式飞机Jurisdictions管辖区Kurtaxe 疗养税Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业Lay analyst非专业分析Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率Local color地方色彩Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游Make a profit 获得利润Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革Market segmentation市场细分Marketing tool市场营销工具Mass tourism大众旅游Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客National income国民收入National tourism国家级旅游Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区Need deficiencies需求不足Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入Non-commodity currency非商品货币Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则Outbound tourism出境旅游Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游Paid holiday带薪假日Pay a premium交学费Peripheral environment周边环境Pleasure craft游乐船Police registration出境证明Potential travelers潜在的旅游者Preferential policies优惠政策Price inelastic无价格弹性Profit-making corporation盈利公司Publicity material 宣传品Purchasing agent采购员Purchasing power购买力pylons架线塔Quick access to information信息途径快捷Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物Rates of inflation通货膨胀Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力Repeat business回头客带来的生意Retail agencies 零售旅行社Return on sales销售回报Round trip往返旅行Round-the-world trip环球旅行Sales/distribution outlets销售网点Sand dunes沙丘Scale economies规模经济Scheduled liner定期客轮Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务Scope economies范围经济Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化Ski pistes滑雪道skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求source of revenue收入来源specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商specialized tourism专项旅游stand-by fares候补票价subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率Sunbathing日光浴tailor-made services特别服务项目target markets目标方面target sales目标销售额tax receipts税收收入terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑tertiary industry第三产业the “Grand Tour”大旅游the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统the done thing 合乎俗礼的事the drawing power吸引力the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场the ecological balance生态平衡the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆the Far East远东the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the idea of prepotency优先原理The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织the jargon of marketing营销学的术语the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场the midscale market中级市场the mode of travel旅行方式The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系the support services辅助服务the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游to have family reunions举家团聚to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价tour brochure旅游宣传册tourism boom旅游业的繁荣Tourist interests旅游者权益Tourist operators旅游经营商Transit travelers过境旅游者Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游Travel principals旅游经营商Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商Trunk route airlines干线航空公司Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册Unit costs单位成本United Nations General Assembly联合国大会VAT)Value added tax增值税Vertical integration垂直合并Visual pollution视觉污染Wind erosion风蚀Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传Word of mouth 口碑World cultural heritage世界文化遗产Low countries低地国家vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会air carriers航空公司waybills运货单accreditation services审定工作ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入non-residential travel 非居住地旅游natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点Invisible products 无形产品Cultural heritage 文化遗产Package tour 包价旅游Landscape poetry 山水诗Maritime commerce 海上贸易Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合Foreign exchange income 外汇收入Nation of tourists 旅游容源国Temper one's wills 磨炼意志Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑A carefree journey 逍遥游Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹A land of protocol 礼仪之邦Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上Eye contact 眼神交流Psychological qualities 心里素质Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生The Marble Archway 牌坊Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界To do service 做礼拜The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说Book of Changes 易经Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫The Temple of Town God 城隍庙Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局Stone animals and human statues 石像生The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林Come back to nature 回归自然View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼The zigzag bridge 曲桥View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联Water-side pavilions 水榭Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁Vegetarian "chicken " 素鸡Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润Hand-stitching work 挑花An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画Glazing techniques 上釉技术Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶Veined porcelain 纹片瓷The double-sided embroidery 双面绣Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕The Autumnal Equinox 秋分Height Ascending Festival 登高节Nature walks in spring 踏青Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节Grain in ear 芒种Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊Intercultural communication 跨文化交际Interaction function 交互功能Verbal greetings 言语问候Intonation patterns 语调模式High context culture 高文化语境Language barriers 语言障碍Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调Culture shock 文化休克Behavior patterns 行为方式Look somebody in the eye 正视M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观Eye movement 眼部动作Touching behavior 触摸行为Culture acquisition 文化习得To kill time 消磨时间Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为sit cross -legged翘二郎腿To save face 顾全面子Space orientation 空间取向Rule of protocol 礼仪规范Exchange pleasantries 寒暄Ethnic heritage 民族传统Put a burden on 增加负担A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现The extended family 大家庭Lesson 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night ormore,taken by residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence,for a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporarystay by people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that willbe universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义The League of Nations联合国WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive with mass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday experience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役Far East 远东Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operators旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模Police registration 出境证明as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lesson 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行Cultural tourist 文化旅行者Lesson 5Determining Factors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises, flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activityb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objective最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日Railway excursion 火车短程旅行Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式Tourist routs 旅行线路Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all tripinvolve up to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Support services 辅助服务Cultural visit 文化旅游Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchaseof travel.4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilities world-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirementsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuing travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaining accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）retail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travelers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价。
00837自考旅游英语选读复习资料
旅游英语选读常见单词（复习资料）A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部Accreditation services审定工作Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价Air France法国航空公司Air taxi出租飞机服务All and sundry全部,所有的人All walks of life各阶层All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游An accelerator concept加速器原则An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出Annual receipts年收入Arts and craft工艺美术As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟August Bank Holiday八月银行假日August bodies权威机构Back office system后台办公系统Baggage checks行李票Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡Balance of payments收支平衡Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务Bermuda百慕大群岛Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商Business traveler商务旅游者cable cars缆车Capital investment资本投资Car hire小汽车出租Carry capacity运载能力Charter aircraft包机Charter flights包机航班Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用Commissions佣金Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店Cottage industries家庭手工业Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Computer reservations system计算机预系统Cruise ships巡游船CTC )Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游Customized services按要求提供的服务项目Dealers in dreams销售梦幻Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述Ecosysytems生态系统Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭（空巢效应）En route在途中End objective最终目标Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组Extras各种额外费用Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续Games room游艺室Gard currency硬通货Gard-wired硬接线Generating areas旅游产生地Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值High-spend visitors高消费游客Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游Hotel chains饭店联号Impulse purchasing 冲动购买In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式Inbound tourism入境旅游Income multiplie收入乘数Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游Indulge in尽情享受Industry code of conduct行业行为规范In-flight magazines机上杂志In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机Instant culture文化快餐Insurance coverage保险范围Internal tourism境内旅游International tourism国际旅游Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段Invisible receipt无形收入Invisibles无形商品Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游Jet airliner喷气式飞机Jurisdictions管辖区Kurtaxe 疗养税Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业Lay analyst非专业分析Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率Local color地方色彩Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游Make a profit 获得利润Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革Market segmentation市场细分Marketing tool市场营销工具Mass tourism大众旅游Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客National income国民收入National tourism国家级旅游Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区Need deficiencies需求不足Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入Non-commodity currency非商品货币Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则Outbound tourism出境旅游Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游Paid holiday带薪假日Pay a premium交学费Peripheral environment周边环境Pleasure craft游乐船Police registration出境证明Potential travelers潜在的旅游者Preferential policies优惠政策Price inelastic无价格弹性Profit-making corporation盈利公司Publicity material 宣传品Purchasing agent采购员Purchasing power购买力pylons架线塔Quick access to information信息途径快捷Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物Rates of inflation通货膨胀Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力Repeat business回头客带来的生意Retail agencies 零售旅行社Return on sales销售回报Round trip往返旅行Round-the-world trip环球旅行Sales/distribution outlets销售网点Sand dunes沙丘Scale economies规模经济Scheduled liner定期客轮Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务Scope economies范围经济Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化Ski pistes滑雪道skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求source of revenue收入来源specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商specialized tourism专项旅游stand-by fares候补票价subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率Sunbathing日光浴tailor-made services特别服务项目target markets目标方面target sales目标销售额tax receipts税收收入terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑tertiary industry第三产业the “Grand Tour”大旅游the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统the done thing 合乎俗礼的事the drawing power吸引力the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场the ecological balance生态平衡the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆the Far East远东the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the idea of prepotency优先原理The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织the jargon of marketing营销学的术语the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场the midscale market中级市场the mode of travel旅行方式The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系the support services辅助服务the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游to have family reunions举家团聚to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价tour brochure旅游宣传册tourism boom旅游业的繁荣Tourist interests旅游者权益Tourist operators旅游经营商Transit travelers过境旅游者Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游Travel principals旅游经营商Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商Trunk route airlines干线航空公司Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册Unit costs单位成本United Nations General Assembly联合国大会V AT)Value added tax增值税Vertical integration垂直合并Visual pollution视觉污染Wind erosion风蚀Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传Word of mouth 口碑World cultural heritage世界文化遗产Low countries低地国家vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会air carriers航空公司waybills运货单accreditation services审定工作ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入non-residential travel 非居住地旅游natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点Invisible products 无形产品Cultural heritage 文化遗产Package tour 包价旅游Landscape poetry 山水诗Maritime commerce 海上贸易Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合Foreign exchange income 外汇收入Nation of tourists 旅游容源国Temper one's wills 磨炼意志Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑A carefree journey 逍遥游Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹A land of protocol 礼仪之邦Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上Eye contact 眼神交流Psychological qualities 心里素质Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生The Marble Archway 牌坊Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界To do service 做礼拜The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说Book of Changes 易经Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫The Temple of Town God 城隍庙Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局Stone animals and human statues 石像生The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林Come back to nature 回归自然View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼The zigzag bridge 曲桥View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联Water-side pavilions 水榭Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁Vegetarian "chicken " 素鸡Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润Hand-stitching work 挑花An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画Glazing techniques 上釉技术Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶Veined porcelain 纹片瓷The double-sided embroidery 双面绣Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕The Autumnal Equinox 秋分Height Ascending Festival 登高节Nature walks in spring 踏青Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节Grain in ear 芒种Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊Intercultural communication 跨文化交际Interaction function 交互功能Verbal greetings 言语问候Intonation patterns 语调模式High context culture 高文化语境Language barriers 语言障碍Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调Culture shock 文化休克Behavior patterns 行为方式Look somebody in the eye 正视M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观Eye movement 眼部动作Touching behavior 触摸行为Culture acquisition 文化习得To kill time 消磨时间Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为sit cross -legged翘二郎腿To save face 顾全面子Space orientation 空间取向Rule of protocol 礼仪规范Exchange pleasantries 寒暄Ethnic heritage 民族传统Put a burden on 增加负担A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现The extended family 大家庭Lesson 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,takenby residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, fora period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stayby people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义The League of Nations联合国WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive withmass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday experience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役Far East 远东Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operators旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模Police registration 出境证明as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lesson 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行Cultural tourist 文化旅行者Lesson 5Determining Factors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activityb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objective最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日Railway excursion 火车短程旅行Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式Tourist routs 旅行线路Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involveup to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Support services 辅助服务Cultural visit 文化旅游Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase oftravel.4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilitiesworld-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirementsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuing travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaining accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）retail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travelers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Tour wholesaler 旅游批发商Tour operator 旅游经营商。
2020年10月全国自考旅游英语选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月自考旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上I. Multiple choice: (1×15=15)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. The World Tourism Organization is located in ________.A. Pairs, FranceB. Geneva, SwitzerlandC. Madrid, SpainD. Venice, Italy2. Since the 1990s, ________ is the first to use computer management in China’s tourism industry.A. China International Travel ServiceB. China National Travel ServiceC. China Youth Travel ServiceD. China Comfort Travel Service3. “Souvenir-collecting” is now seen as a ________ to the ecological balance of a region.A. tradeB. terrorC. thrillD. threat4. In the early ________, the first commercial jet (the Comet) came into service as a result of the enormous growth of aviation technology.A. 1940sB. 1950sC. 1960sD. 1970s5. The World Tourism Organization also provides technical help to developing countries, primarily through ________.A. the United StatesB. the United Nations1C. the World Health OrganizationD. the World Trade Organization6. Therefore China faces both ________ and ________ in developing its tourism to a higher level.A. opportunities, challengesB. opportunities, chancesC. difficulties, challengesD. difficulties, problems7. One of the key characteristics of the new tourism is ________.A. easy to organizeB. rigid packagingC. flexibilityD. cheap price8. A general manager must not only assemble a team, but mold them into a coordinated, cooperating group of people capable of working together for the common goal:________. A. showing a big profit B. creating a satisfied guestC. performing a direct serviceD. providing a comfortable atmosphere9. More tourism facilities need ________ for domestic travelers.A. developingB. developedC. to be developedD. being developing10. In the early 1900s, the first ________ in the United States was started by Ellsworth Startler,father of the modern hotel industry.A. commercial hotelB. moderate-priced hotelC. motor hotelD. chain operation11. ________ and ________ activities have played significant roles in making people more awareof what is available and the wide choice existing today.A. Promotional, marketingB. Promotional, publicityC. Sales, publicityD. Sales, marketing12. Business travel is also influenced by business related attractions such as ________ and2________.A. exhibitions, trade fairsB. exhibitions, conferencesC. lectures, trade fairsD. lectures, conferences13. Travelers usually ________ those whose travels require the use of overnight accommodation and those whose trips last less than one day.A. classify intoB. classifies intoC. are classifying intoD. are classified into14. Tourists may spend their leisure time ________ in various sports, sunbathing, taking rides orsimply ________ the environment.A. engage, enjoyB. to engage, to enjoyC. engaging, enjoyingD. engaged, enjoyed15. At its ________ and ________ this flow of comparatively wealthy tourists to a region has theeffect of attracting petty criminals, as is evidenced by increases in thefts or muggings.A. simple, directB. simpler, directerC. simplest, more directD. simplest, most directII. Reading comprehension: (2×10=20)Directions: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically nonexistent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact,it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a continental man or one from the older generation.3This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy, and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a gra y haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behavior of these stout young men in packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prisoner camp during the war. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?Older people, tired and irritable from a day’s w ork, are not angels at all. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should he improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and toorushed to be polite. Shop assistants won’t bother to assist, taxi drivers shout at each other as theydash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so forth. It seems to us that it4is up to theyoung and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.16. According to the passage, we could expect good manners from ________.A. Englishmen in LondonB. a man from FranceC. men in big modern cities in EnglandD. men only in metropolitan cities17. What is the writer’s opinion concerning courteous manners toward women?A. Women have claimed equality and no longer need to be treated differently from men.B. It is considered old fashioned for young men to give up their seats for young women.C. Lady First should be universally practiced.D. Special consideration should be shown to women.18. According to the writer, communication between human beings would be smoother if ________.A. people were more considerate to each otherB. life were easier and more comfortableC. women were treated with more courtesyD. public transport could be improved19. The italicized word “deterioration” in the last paragraph probably means “________”.A. worsening of the general situationB. lowering of the moral standardsC. declining of the courtesy to womenD. spreading of evil conduct20. It could be inferred that the best remedy for the hard travel conditions in city would be ________.A. to attach significance to the moral education of young peopleB. to treat people, be they young or old, with courtesy and sympathyC. to demand everyone do his part not to be impolite to each otherD. to improve the means of transportation and the public morality(2)5From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s veryworst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear. They are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time that a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is;6all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufactures. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.21. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.B. Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.C. The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.D. Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.22. The italicized word “condone” (Para. 3) probably means “________”.A. dislikeB. conductC. forgiveD. forbid23. The sentence “his car becomes the extension of his personality” (Para. 2) probably means “________”.A. driving can show his real selfB. driving can show the other part of his personalityC. driving can bring out his characterD. his car embodies his temper24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A. To test drivers at more regular intervals.B. To make driving tests more difficult to pass.7C. To modify maximum and minimum speed limits.D. To draw up safety specifications for manufactures.25. The author’s attitude towards the present traffic laws is ________.A. ironicalB. criticalC. appealingD. pessimisticIII. Cloze: (1×15=15)Directions: Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly.The nation’s dreams for the 2010 World Expo have come true as Shanghai won the bid in the fourth round of voting at the Bureau of International Exhibition’s 132nd general assembly. Shanghai beat four 26 cities and won 54 votes 27 of 88 member countries in the 28 round. At 3:15 p.m. local time, the Grimaldi Forum 29 a sea of red five-star flags as people shouted “Shanghai, China.”The other four 30 countries lost out in the order of Poland, Mexico, Russia, and South Korea--- 31 lost by 20 votes to China.In the presentation by the Chinese delegation yesterday morning, Vice-Premier Li Lanqing said: “ 32 behalf of the Chinese Government, I solemnly 33 that we will honor each and every 34 we have made to deliver an exciting and unforgettable event.”Li said Shanghai 35 China’s desire to integrate with the international community, its 36 economy, sound infrastructure, clean environment and social 37 .“The BIE38 for understanding, exchange, co-operation and friendship. These qualities can be fully realized by 39 the World Expo in China, a nation 40 believes in harmony and mutual benefit,” Li said.26. A. other B. each C. another D. every27. A. above B. over C. out D. on28. A. last B. ultimate C. first D. final829. A. recovered B. represented C. ornamented D. resembled30. A. competed B. competingC. having competedD. being competed31. A. which B. who C. what D. when32. A. In B. On C. At D. With33. A. remain B. reclaim C. reaffirm D. rejoin34. A. comment B. commitment C. commission D. committee35. A. embraces B. embodies C. embeds D. embarks36. A. strong B. active C. healthy D. robust37. A. stability B. activity C. ecomony D. development38. A. speaks B. takes C. makes D. stands39. A. having B. making C. holding D. opening40. A. that B. what C. whose D. itIV. Phrasal verbs: (1×10=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make some changes if necessary.41. The education of young people __________ the future of our country.42. Fishing, bathing, and dancing can __________ there.43. We should not __________ people’s good nature.44. I’ll __________ an MBA if I were you.45. His achievement __________ his hard work.946. The garden __________ a swimming pool.47. Her hope of scholarship __________ her mark of intensive reading.48. As winter __________ spring, the days begin to lengthen.49. Dying local art and crafts __________ tourist demand.50. Now her hair __________ a healthy shine.V. Phrase translation: (1×20=20)Part OneDirections: Translate the following into English.51．硬通货 52．特许经营权53．远洋定期客轮54．保险范围55．半食宿 56．旅游淡季57．重新安置58．过境手续59．购买力 60．空架滑车Part TwoDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.61. load factor 62. transportation mode63. caravan routes 64. managing director65. destination economy 66. instant culture67. an area of scenic beauty 68. terra cotta warriors and horses69. make end meet 70. diversity of landscapesVI. Passage translation: (10×2=20)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. However, in theory, bringing together people of different countries and backgrounds does have political and educational significance as well as the economic and social aspects. The degree achieved depends on the host countries and the ability to converse in the relevant languages.10…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………Through travel, people are finding friends in every corner of the earth: finding common bonds with the rest of humanity and spreading messages of hope for a peaceful world. Tourism, properly designed and developed, has the potential to help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of diverse races, colors, religions and stages of social and economic development.72. In the past decades, international hotel companies concentrated on building luxury and upscale hotels and resorts around the world to serve tourists from the developed Western countries. Since the early 1990s, international hotel companies have noticed that growth at the high end of the hotel segment slowed down worldwide, but demand for two-star and three-star midscale hotels has been on the rise in many countries with emerging economies. For instance, the rush to build luxury hotels in Bangkok, Thailand, in the 1980s and early 1990s has pushed the hotel market to a glut. The average room rate of a five-star hotel in Bangkok in 1993 was only $79 per night. However, there has been a shortage of two-star and three-star hotels in Bangkok to accommodate the increased number of tourists from South Korea, and China.11。
10月全国旅游英语选读自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(0.5×20=10)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A. B. C.and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1.The statement “Regarding accommodation, most firms have an hierarchical approach to the subject” means that（）A. business people will not care much about the hotel they live inB. usually business travelers choose the hotel according to their positionsC. usually business travelers choose the cheap hotels to save money for the companyD. all the business travelers stay in the five-star hotels2.The current productivity and efficiency of the jet aircraft（）A. have reachedB. have changedC. have peakedD. have increased3.According to WTO’S definitions, international tourists are visitors who spend at least（）night(s) in accommodation in the destination country.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4.What were the private purposes of the rich travelers in the nineteenth century?（）A. Trade and cultureB. Leisure and recreationC. Health and entertainmentD. A and B5.Water transport today plays two main roles in travel and tourism:（）A. trainingB. ferryingC. cruisingD. ferrying and cruising6.The role of（）is essential to tourism development.A. natureB. resourcesC. civilizationD. nation7.When designing the brochure, the first task is to（）A. try hard to reduce the costB. know the potential customersC. know how to attract the attention of the customersD. decide how to distribute8.WTO is a/an（）organization.A. nationalB. internationalC. regionalD. None of the above9.There are now（）national parks in Britain, established under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.A. twentyB. dozen1C. scoreD. ten10.Tourism in therefore relatively（）A. benefitB. beneficentC. benificiaryD. benificial11.Hotel construction reached（）in 1920s.A. an all-time plainB. an all-time peakC. an over-time peakD. an over-time peal12.The Grand Canal, a man-made waterway first built（）is the longest of its kind throughtout the world.A. in the 6th centuryB. in the 6th century BCC. in the 4th century BCD. in the 4th century13.In developing countries, the low level of economic livelihood（）the development of a domestic tourism industry.A. controlsB. promotesC. restrictsD. stimulates14.In the second half of the twentieth century, one of the two factors for the development of mass travel by air is（）A. that the first commercial jet came into serviceB. the enormous growth of aviation technologyC. the airline CRSsD. the appearance of the new tourism15.（）tend to be in the upper end of the business travel.A. Germany and ChinaB. Germany and AustriaC. Britain and JapanD. Japan and China16.Before 1930s, the important transportation for tourism was（）A. aircraftB. shipsC. trains, boats and coachesD. cars17.Since the late 1970s, more and more developed countries have been practicing paid holiday. “Paid holiday” means（）A. holiday with salaryB. holiday paid by the travel agencyC. holiday paid by tourists themselvesD. holiday paid by the tourists’ companies18.The main role of a travel agent before the Second World War was（）A. selling air ticketsB. selling shipping and rail servicesC. selling all kinds of services with computerD. providing tour guides19.According to WTO’s definition of tourism, domestic tourism refers to（）A. visits to country by nonresidentsB. visits by residents of a country to another countryC. visits by residents of a country to their own countryD. internal tourism plus inbound tourism220.The Han Chinese culture and the many spectacular natural attractions should always remain the （）of China’s tourism development.A. centreB. coreC. featureD. imageⅡ.Reading comprehension(2×15=30)(1)Using a public telephone may well be one of the minor irritations of life, demanding patience, determination and a strong possibility of failure, together on occasion with considerable unpopularity.The hopeful caller (shall we call him George?) waits t ill six o’clock in the evening to take advantage of the so-called ‘cheap rates’ for a long-distance call. The telephone box, with two broken panes of glass in the side, stands at the junction of two main roads with buses, lorries and cars roaring past. It is pouring with rain as George joins a queue of four depressed-looking people. Time passes slowly and seems to come to a standstill while the person immediately before George carries on an endless conversation, pausing only to insert another coin every minute or so.Eventually the receiver is replaced and the caller leaves the box. George enters and picks up one of the directories inside, only to discover that someone unknown has torn out the very page he needs. Nothing for it but to dial Directory Enquiries, wait patiently for a reply (while someone outside bangs repeatedly on the door) and finally note down the number given.At last George can go ahead with his call. Just as he is starting to dial, however, the door opens and an unpleasant-looking face pee rs in with the demand, ‘Can’t you hurry up?’. Ignoring such barbarity, George continues to dial and his unwanted companion withdraws. At last he hears the burr-burr of the ringing tone, immediately followed by rapid pips demanding his money, but he is now so upset that he knocks down the coins he has placed ready on the top of the box. Having at last located them, he dials again: the pips are repeated and he hastily inserts the coins. A cold voice informs him, ‘Grand Hotel, Chalfont Wells.’ ‘I’ve an urgent message for a Mr Smith who is a guest in your hotel. Could you put me through to him? I’m afraid I don’t know his room number,’The response appears less than enthusiastic and a long long silence follows. George inserts more coins. Then the voice informs h im, ‘I’ve been trying to locate Mr Smith but the hall porter reports having seen him leave about a minute ago.’Breathing heavily, George replaces the receiver, just as the knocking on the door starts again.21.The main intention of the passage is to provide（）A. instructions about how to use a public call boxB. advice about how to deal with public telephone problemsC. criticism of the efficiency of the telephone systemD. an account of possible annoyances in using a public telephone22.Which of the fol lowing calls are you unlikely to make at the ‘cheap rate’ referred to?（）A. to discuss your account in a bank in ScotlandB. to have a chat with an elderly relationC. to ask about a friend in hospital who has just had an operationD. to express Christmas greetings to cousins in Australia323.George can at least be thankful that（）A. the call box is in a convenient positionB. the telephone itself is workingC. he can use the directory in the box to find the numberD. he is able to give his message to the hotel receptionist24.Why does George have to dial a second time?（）A. He hasn’t remembered to put the money in the box.B. He hasn’t got enough money with him.C. He has got to find the money to put in the box.D. He can’t find the number he wants in the directory.25.What are George’s feelings when he completes his call?（）A. He has some difficulty in controlling his annoyance.B. He is very disappointed at missing his friend.C. He is annoyed with himself for being so stupid.D. He is depressed at the thought of having to try again to get through.(2)The most immediately noticeable characteristic of American architecture is its extreme variety. Americans have reproduced or adapted every European style and even some Asian ones.Americans have built Greek temples, medieval castles, French Renaissance palaces. Private homes of the most diverse kinds stand side by side on the same street. Originality had been shown primarily in the aesthetic use of native materials, in the development of the famous skyscraper, and in the functional purity and beauty of modern factories and office buildings.The early settlers found a great abundance of wood in the forests of America. Since the trees had to be cleared before fields could be planted, house were naturally made of wood. Though wood is comparatively more expensive now, most small homes are still built of it. Speculative builders acquire large tracts of empty land, and fill them with nearly identical wooden houses, in currently popular styles.In the hot dry Southwest, the Spaniards built with soft white stone or with baked bricks covered with beautifully rounded soft stucco. Their buildings had enclosed patios and carved wooden pillars and ceiling beams. This remains the predominant style in California, the Southwest, and parts of Florida.26.How many types of architecture are there in the US ?（）A. threeB. fourC. a large numberD. not many27.The world “diverse” (Paragraph 2) most probably means（）A. sideB. sameC. privateD. different28.How has US architecture been original?（）A. It copies from the French.B. It is pure.C. It uses wood.D. It emphasizes usability.29.A building material which is widely used for homes is（）4A. forestB. woodC. metalD. native30.Building styles in California were inherited from（）A. the FrenchB. the SpaniardsC. the AsiansD. the Greeks(3)The island of Great Britain being small (compare the size of Australia), the natural place for holiday relaxation and enjoyment is its extensive coastline, above all its southern and eastern coasts, though Blackpool, which is probably the best known and most crowded seaside town, and the favourite resort of the mass-population of industrial Lancashire, is on the north-west coast. Distant and little-inhabited areas like Northern Scotland, are too remote for the development of large seaside resorts.For most children, going to the seaside suggests a week or fornight of freedom on the beach, ideally a sandy one providing ample opportunity for the construction of sandcastles, fishing in pools for stra nded shrimps, paddling in shallow water or swimming in deep. Children’s entertainments may include the traditional knockabout puppet show ‘Punch and Judy’, donkey rides, paddleboats in artificial ponds, mini-golf and the swings and roundabouts in local fair-grounds. Their parents spend sunny days swimming in the sea and sunbathing on the beach. Not that the British sun can be relied on and the depressing sight of families wandering round the town in mackintoshes and under umbrellas is only too common. However there are always the shops with their tourist souvenirs, plenty of cafes and, if the worst comes to the worst, the cinema to offer a refuge.The average family is unlikely to seek accommodation in a hotel as they can stay more cheaply in one of the many boarding-houses. These are usually three or four-storeyed Victorain buildings, whose owners spend the summer season letting rooms to a number of couples or families and providing three cooked meals a day at what they describe as a reasonable price, with the hope that in this way they will add enough to their savings to see the winter through. Otherwise there are the caravan and camping sites for those who prefer self-catering.Nowadays, even when an increasing number of people fly off to Mediterranean resorts where a well-developed suntan can be assured, or explore in comfort Swiss lakes and mountains or romantic Italian or Spanish cities, the British seaside is still the main attraction for families especially those with younger children. As they queue for boat trips, cups of tea or ice-cream under grey skies and in drizzling rain, the parents are reliving their own childhood when time seemed endless, their own sandcastle the most splendid on the beach, the sea always blue and friendly and the sun always hot.31.A reason suggested in the first paragraph for the appeal of the British seaside is that（）A. it is within easy reachB. it is an ideal place for childrenC. most holiday resorts are in the warmer south and eastD. a large number of people enjoy going there532.Children enjoy the seaside because（）A. they can be sure of a sandy beach to play onB. they are allowed to do as they like thereC. it offers a period of enjoyable escape from school routineD. there are a variety of enjoyable ways of spending time there33.It is suggested that as a form of holiday entertainment the cinema（）A. is visited only if there is nothing better to doB. is the only place there is to go to in bad weatherC. is the best place there is to go to in bad weatherD. has nothing whatever to recommend it34.What reason is suggested for running a boarding-house?（）A. The owners earn their living by doing this.B. This helps to pay for the upkeep of a large house.C. The money they make will keep them through the winter.D. The resulting supplementary income will ensure a living for several months.35.What attraction has the British seaside got for many parents in comparison with European resorts?（）A. They can take their families with them in their own country.B. There are more ways of enjoying themselves there.C. They can relive happy memories.D. It takes them less time to get there.Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Make some changes if necessary:36.The social significance ___________ the greater appreciation of other cultures, institutions, ways of life and social structures.37.Once a bad habit has ___________ it will be difficult for you to get rid of it.38.He thinks this dictionary ___________ great ___________ to him.39. ___________ the southeastern part of the Eurasian Continent and on the western shores of the Pacific Ocean, China is the third largest country in the world.40.Cigarette smoking has been ___________ breast as well as lung cancer.41.These regulations ___________ only ___________ people under the age of twenty-one.42.His efforts ___________ failure .43.Wang Ping ___________ manager in my absence.44.The novel has ___________ great length.45.Astronauts in flight must ___________ weightlessness .Ⅳ.Cloze test:(0.5×20=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.Never has there been such a wide choice of attractive foods for the housewife to buy.6Producers and manufacturers use 46 their expertise to 47 us first-class food 48 first-class condition at 49 prices, and with most of the hard work already 50 . Convenience foods are here to stay, since more and more women are 51 jobs and homes, and so have 52 time nor energy for 53 chores.No sacrifice of quality is involved; 54 , pre-packed foods are often fresher and of more even standard than 55 goods unprocessed.Every district has its quota of shops, large and small, stores, supermarkets and shopping centers 56 easy reach. Even country villages are catered for 57 that would have been impossible a generation 58 . Try all the facilities in your area. You will find clean, bright, airy premises, 59 goods and friendly assistants ready to advise and help you in your 60 . It is your custom they want! If you have the time, “shop around” for special offers and61 buys. Everyone makes a bad 62 occasionally, but never 63 the same mistake twice. When you have reason to be 64 ,register a complaint and 65 unsatisfactory goods.Ⅴ.Phrase translation :(1×20=20)Part One: Translate the following phrases into English66.人口稠密的城市67.范围经济68.净收入69.赢利性公司70.短期观光者71.生态平衡72.游船73.游艺厅74.通货膨胀率75.劳动密集型产业Part Two: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:76.tourist attractions 77.visual appeal78.development pattern 79.baggage checks80.French cuisine 81.all-inclusive package tours82.the sociocultural impacts 83.permanent migration84.non-seasonal 85.distribution of tourism resourcesⅥ.Translate the following passages into Chinese:(10×2=20)86.If American customs seem strange, remember that Americans feel the same way when they visit another country. People living in different cultures do many daily things differently from one another. What a dull world it would be if this were not true!Some differences are small, and one soon becomes accustomed to them. For example, many people find it strange that Americans move from place to place so often. Born in one city, they may attend school in a second, enter business in a third, and perhaps move several more times during their lives. Today, most Americans fully expect and accept the fact they will move frequently.87.As well as income, tourism creates employment. Some jobs are found in travel agencies, tour operators and other intermediaries supplying services in the generating areas, but the bulk of jobs are created in the tourist destinations themselves, ranging from hotel staff to deck-chair attendants, from excursion booking clerks to cleaners in the stately homes open to the public.A very large number of these jobs are seasonal so that tourism’s contribution to full-time employment is considerably less than its contribution to “job-hours.” While this is a criticism of7the industry in economic terms, and one that has resulted in many millions of pounds being spent in an attempt to lengthen the tourist season, once again one must remember that many of these jobs are being created in areas where there would be few alternative employment opportunities. Tourism is therefore relatively beneficial.8。
旅游英语选读自学考试试题(doc 10页)
旅游英语选读自学考试试题(doc 10页)全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Write all your answers on the Answer Sheet！I. Multiple Choice (l×20=20)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choosethe one that best completes the sentence.1. The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by WTO in ______, ______, in 1991 reviewed, updated and expanded on the work of earlier international groups.A. Hanover, GermanyB. Ottawa, CanadaC. Madrid, SpainD. Osaka, Japan2. China has numerous temples, pagodas, statues, and cave carvings, ______ are associated with Buddhism, Daoismand Confucius.A. whoseB. whichoperators, foreign tour7. Increases in ______ and ______ are the main factors that give rise to tourism.A. travel marketing, travel agentsB. leisure time, warm weatherC. mode of travel, populationD. net discretionary incomes, improved educational standards8. The Pacific Asia Travel Association was founded ______ ______ to develop, promote and facilitate travel to and among the destination areas in and bordering the Pacific Ocean.A. in Hawaii, in 1951B. in Tokyo, in 1952C. in Soul, in 1955D. in HongKong, in19499. There are also a number of ______, and perhaps ______ effects on the tourist localities.A. more direct, more visibleB. most direct, most visibleC. less direct, less visibleD. least direct, least visible10. ______ and ______ have successfully expanded tourism without destroying their Environment.A. Australia, SwitzerlandB. Switzerland, AustriaC. Britain, SpainD. Spain, France11. The first task of a tour brochure is ______.A. to be attractive, truthful, accurate and easily comprehendedB. to reinforce an image of quality and reliabilityC. Both A and BD. to be quickly recognized by customers12. It has been said that more food and beverage repeat business has been lost by ______ than by poor food.A. poor serviceB. badly cooked foodC. badly designed menuD. poor interior design13. In the second half of the 20th century, travel ______ has become safe, comfortable, rapid and above all cheap.A. by waterB. by railwayC. by highwayD. by air14. ______ with a well-established transportation network, ______ effectively move its rapidly increasing numbers of international and domestic tourists.A. Only ... we canB. Only... can weC. As ... we shouldD. Once ... should we15. The automobile and the jet plane have radically affectedthe hospitality industry, ______travel patterns and ______ to the development of different types of hotels.A. change, leadB. changes, leadsC. changing, leadingD. changed, led16. Domestic tourism usually consists of ______ travel activities by citizens within their own country.A. businessB. leisureC. matureD. A and B17. Tourism contributes to both preservation and development of the world’s ______.A. cultural heritageB. cultural traditionC. scenic routeD. scenic wonder18. In the case of tourists interested in other cultures, ______ will determine the destination selected.A. the standard of accommodationB. the support servicesC. the location and availability of the cultural eventD. the sun-sea-sand set19. Today the successful general manager must be highly ______ person, capable of ______ a complex business enterprise.A. train, directB. trained, directingC. training, directedD. being trained, being directed20. In ______, ______ and ______, high-speed trains have been developed and are in operation.A. Britain, France, AustriaB. Germany, France, JapanC. Germany, Spain, JapanD. Britain, USA, AustraliaII. Reading Comprehension (2×10=20)Directions: Read the following passages and make your proper choice.(A)Traveling with children who are old enough to read, write, or play games need not be a problem. By taking along a supply of papers, pencils, or one of the excellent game books that are sold just for the purpose, the time can be made to fly. Verbal games, too, such as “Twenty Questions”, help to pass the hours.When traveling on public transportation, having games and diversions on hand is just as important, since it is unreasonable to expect children, especially small ones, to be able to sit still for long periods of time. It is up to you to keep watch over them, however, and not let them roam bythemselves or make excessive amounts of noise. Fellow passengers have paid for their travel tickets and even those who love children can learn to hate them quickly when trapped in a train or airplane with those who are ill-behaved.On ships there are usually activities of children. Although it is a break for parents to be able to send their children off to participate and have some time alone, you should still make sure that your children behave well. Children should not be permitted to race through corridors or to be unsupervised, no matter how much you enjoy relaxing in your desk chair without them nearby. It would be unfortunate if your children were the cause of other’s feelings that they were also traveling “with children”—— yours ——because of their interruption through constant noise, quarreling, or bad behavior.More and more frequently, children are sent to travel unaccompanied by an adult, whether to visit a relative, or to travel to grandparents. Many parents expect that a flight attendant or train steward will take care of their children when they send them off alone. This is an unreasonable expectation. Travel attendants have specific jobs to do, andthese do not include child care. For that reason each airline has established a minimum age for unaccompanied children. As long as that regulation is respected, there is no reason that children who are emotionally stable and unafraid should not travel by themselves. In my experience with our grandchildren, the airlines have done an excellent job of caring for them and the children have enjoyed it thoroughly. Of course, if it is not possible for a parent to accompany a very young child, then another adult should be hired as a traveling companion.21. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Traveling with a primary school child is not a problem.B. Adults find it easy to pass the time by doing the game such as “Twenty Questions”.C. Children find time fly by doing verbal games such as “Twenty Questions”.D. Game books help make the time pass quickly for young children.22. It is implied but not stated that ______.A. small children cannot be expected to be emotionally stablefor longB. parents find it harassing to take care of their own childrenC. small children always make much noiseD. few fellow passengers like traveling with children23. The italicized word “break”(Para. 3) most probably means “ ______ ”.A. accidentB. mistakeC. restD. pause24. Parents cannot depend on travel attendants to take care of their children because ______.A. they are not responsible for child careB. there is a minimum age for children who travel aloneC. their children are emotionally unstable and timidD. parents should always go with their children25. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. the author doesn’t like traveling with his childrenB. the a uthor doesn’t like traveling with other passengers’ childrenC. the author opposes the airlines’ minimum age for unaccompanied childrenD. the author prefers children’s unaccompanied trave l ifthey are old enough(B)With its almost six billion people, the world offers a fascinating variety of human shapes and colors. As humans spread throughout the world, their adaptations to diverse climate and other living conditions resulted in this fascinating variety of complexions, colors and shapes. Changes in the genetic structure added distinct characteristics to the peoples of the globe. In this sense the concept of race, a group with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group, is a reality. Humans do indeed come in a variety of colors and shapes.In two senses, however, race is a myth, a fabrication of the human mind. The first fabrication is the idea that any one race is superior to another. All races have their geniuses —and their idiots. Like language, no race is superior to another. Adolf Hitler’s ideas were extreme. He believed that a superior race, called the Aryans, was responsible for the cultural achievements of Europe. They possessed the genetic stuff that made them inherently superior. Even many scientists of the time —not only Germany but throughout Europe and theUnited States —espoused the idea of racial superiority. Not surprisingly, they considered themselves members of the supposedly superior race!In addition to the myth of racial superiority, there is a second myth — that of the existence of a “pure” race. From the perspective of contemporary biology, humans show such a mixture of physical characteristics, that the “pure” races do not exist. Instead of falling into distinct types clearly separate from one another, human characteristics flow endlessly together. These minute gradations made arbitrary any attempt to draw definite lines.Large groupings of people, however, can be classified by blood type and gene frequencies. Yet even this arrangement does not uncover “race”. Rather, such classifications are so arbitrary that biologists and anthropologists can draw up listings showing any number of “race”. Ashley Montagu, a physical anthropologist, pointed out that some scientists have classified humans into only two “races”while others have found as many as two thousand. Montagu himself classified humans into forty “racial” groups.This is not meant to imply that the idea of race is a myth.That idea is definitely very much alive. It is firmly embedded in our culture, a social reality that we confront daily. Sociologist W. I. Thomas observed that “if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”. The fact that no race is superior or that biologically we cannot even decide how people should be classified into races is not what counts. What makes a difference for social life, rather, is that people believe these ideas, for people act on beliefs, not facts. As a result, we always have people like Hitler. Most people, fortunately, do not believe in such extremes, yet most people also appear to be ethnocentric enough to believe, at least just a little, that their own race is superior to others. 26. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the diversification of human race resulted from ______.A. genetic inheritance and environmental influencesB. the differentiation of the inherited physical characteristicsC. humans' adaptations to diverse climate and other living conditionsD. genetic changes and distinct characteristics27. The italicized word “espoused” (Para. 2) probably means “______”.A. challengedB. questionedC. opposedD. supported28. Why is there no “pure” race according to the passage?A. Because people of different races often get married.B. Because people have different blood types.C. Because racial characteristics cover each other in part.D. Because there are so many races in the world.29. The author believes that any attempt at classifying races ______.A. is at best arbitraryB. is bound to be biasedC. tends to pick out one race as superiorD. takes culture into account30. The author concludes the passage by pointing out that ______.A. it is hardly possible to classify humans into racial groupsB. we should be on our guard against any idea of racial superiorityC. race is indeed a mystery to be explored and uncoveredD. it is not important how people should be classifiedIII. Cloze Test (0.5×20=10)Direction: Choose the one from the given A,B,C and D to complete the passage properly.Walt Disney World is indeed a Resort Park Complex with families in mind. 31 also goes without saying that a family 32 is an opportunity for families to relax and spend some “quality”33 together, but what about Mom and Dad? Here again the 34 thoughtful Disney people have 35 care of everything. Child care has never been more convenient and family 36 .On a recent trip 37 Disney World this Dad decided it was time to 38 our Disney Mom to a night out. Initially we felt a little 39 to leave our kids with 40 during our family vacation. In order to 41 our conscious, we decided to take our two 8 year 42 for a “visit”to the Cub Den before we abandoned them there 43 that night. The only problem we had during our visit was 44 them to leave. We were greeted by a Cast Member whose smile and friendly manner put everyone 45 ease. As we looked around the kids could not decide what they wanted to 46 first, the video games, toys, games or Disney Videos. We were also 47 that dinner would be provided and pizza was on the menu.48 the time approached to drop the kids off the only trouble we had was keeping up as we crossed the 49 on our way to the Cub Den. After signing them in we barely got a good-bye as they joined a group of kids who were seated on the floor 50 by a Disney Island animal caretaker and her special visitor.31. A. Which B. That C. It D. What32. A. trip B. vacation C. plan D. meet33. A. time B. experience C. hour D. night34. A. often B. forever C. never D. ever35. A. given B. taken C. made D. shown36. A. friendly B. friend C. friendliness D. friends37. A. for B. on C. at D. to38. A. invite B. treat C. have D. take39. A. willing B. excited C. reluctant D. sorry40. A. women B. strangers C. persons D. friends41. A. ease B. comfort C. persuade D. conquer42. A. older B. old C. oldest D. olds43. A. later B. late C. latest D. lately44. A. to get B. gotten C. getting D. got45. A. for B. in C. at D. with46. A. bring B. buy C. give D. explore47. A. asked B. informed C. tired D. noticed48. A. For B. Because C. As D. Though49. A. lorry B. lobby C. lodge D. laundry50. A. being entertained B. having entertained C. to be entertained D. to entertainIV. Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Make some changes if necessary.(1×10=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.account for contribute to engage in give rise to lay outlook to serve as step up set forth s trive to51. His absence ______ an excuse to get rid of him.52. Melting snow ______ the regular spring floods in this area.53. Research ______ to find ways of improving fuel economy.54. A magazine that is well ______ can easily attract reade rs’ attention.55. Their customers ______ them for expert product knowledge and objectivity in the advice they offer.56. He ______ be recognized as a pianist.57. Air pollution ______ respiratory diseases.58. The committee ______ their views in a report published today.59. The bad management of the company ______ the downturn of the business.60. In those days they were not free ______ patriotic activity. V. Phrase Translation (1×20=20)Part One: Translate the following phrases into English: 61.全食宿 ________________ 62.候补票价 ________________ 63.客房部主管 ________________ 64.离境税________________65.家庭手工业 ________________ 66.收集纪念品________________67.烹调艺术 ________________ 68.通货膨胀率________________69.第三产业 ________________ 70.销售网点________________Part Two: Translate the following phrases into Chinese 71. Cultural resources ________________ 72. Soil erosion ________________73. Ethnic minority groups ______________ 74.Non-commodity currency ____________75. Entrepreneurial ingenuity _________ 76. Publicity material ________________77. Clear customs ________________ 78. Transit traveler ________________79. Market segmentation ___________ 80. Host country ________________VI. Translate the following passages into Chinese. (20)81.Generally, WTO concentrate on the informed promotion of tourism, spreading an appreciation of tourism and its advantages and dangers and recommending positive measures like the creation of new facilities. The organization attempts to harmonize tourist polices among nations through formulating and applying principles of international tourism. As mentioned, WTO is instrumental in the representation of tourism in the United Nations and acts as the central authoritative voice for world tourismand the tourist, complementing the central authority and position of the national tourist organizations. Additionally, WTO concludes multilateral international instruments and supports their implementation, as well as the implementation of the appropriate existing instruments, and fosters settlement of international technical tourism disagreements.82.Buffets are a very popular way of entertaining, especially for large groups. They may be served as a luncheon or dinner. They may be formal or informal. Food may be served cold or warm. At a buffet many people can be served in a short time, Fewer waiters are necessary. The food is attractively arrange on a long table or side board. Guests take their plates and choose their food from a variety of dishes. Usually they sit at tables. But at informal buffets on the terrace or in a garden, people eat standing up. If they do this, they have to eat most foods with a fork or with their fingers.。
2020年10月全国旅游英语选读自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837I. Multiple Choice(0.520=10)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices markedA. B. C. and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. More supporting policies favorable to tourism should be _________.A. decidedB. determinedC. formedD. formulatedInternal tourism refers to _________.2. According to WTO’s definition of tourism,A. visits to country by nonresidentsB. visits by residents of a country to another countryC. visits by residents of a country to their own countryD. internal tourism plus outbound tourismcultural exchange.3 Only in the case of “_________” might there be anyA. special interest toursB. special education toursC. special explore toursD. special package tours4. The Pacific Asia Travel Association holds a conference in a member country _________A. every other yearB. each yearC. every four yearsD. every three years__ its 5000-year-old 5. China’s attractiveness as a favored international tourism destination is __cultural civilization.A. attract toB. attitude toC. attributive toD. attributed to6. Scheduled services provided by airlines ________.A. operate on the basis of their published timetablesB. operate on defined routes but not on published timetableC. offer the advantages of convenience and flexibilityD. can be tailor-made for passengers7. Ocean liners used to provide an important link for passengers between _________.A. statesB. countriesC. provincesD. continents8. _________ should be given the least brochures to reduce wastage.A. Top producing agentsB. Fair agentsC. Below average agentsD. Poor agents9. Since no hotel can exist without the patronage of its guests, it follows that the only reason forthe existence of a staff is to provide for their _________.A. comfort and convenienceB. comfort and inconvenience1C. comfortable and convenientD. discomfort and convenient10. China International Travel Service _________.A. will use computer management soonB. was the first to use computer management in China’s tourism industryC. need not use computer management because they have very good staffD. is preparing to use computer management11. Sightseeing tours to meet these varied interests should provide with both an _________learning experience.A. physical and spiritualB. physical and culturalC. educational and spiritualD. educational and cultural12. In the new tourism the tourists become “more green” means the tourists _________.A. are less experiencedB. are more experiencedC. haven’t travel much beforeD. pay more attention to the environment13. Therefore investment in tourism remains as risky as _________ in any other industry.A. it doesB. it doingC. doesD. doing14. A third capacity is _________ in nature, the ability of a region to absorb tourists withoutdestroying the balance of nature.A. physicalB. chemicalC. psychologicalD. ecological15. The roots of modern tourism were perceived in _________.A. the 17th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the 19th centuryD. the 20th century16. Certain sites, regions or nations will be _________ for development than others.A. more favourB. more favouriteC. more favourableD. more favoured17. The creation of income from tourism _________ employment.A. bind up withB. bound up withC. is binding up withD. is bound up with18. Which of the following groups is likely to take a holiday?A. Those who have been promoted or whose wives begin to work.B. Young couples with small children.C. The elderly.D. Young people who just start their careers19. By the 1950s, Hilton and Sheraton had been joined by _________ of others.A. tensB. hundredsC. scoresD. couples20. The WTO defines a domestic excursionist as a visitor traveling in his country of residencefor less than _________ .A. 36 hoursB. 48 hoursC. 32 hoursD. 24 hours2II. Reading comprehension(215=30)(1)The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada. Summers are cool and fairlydry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, average temperatures are usuallyabove freezing.The central plain from the Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes is characterized by coldwinters, short but hot summers, and light precipitation.The large water-surfaces of Central and Eastern Canada produce considerable modificationin the climate. Southern Ontario and Quebec experience cold, damp winters and hot, humid summers.Most of Atlantic Canada has a humid climate owing to its maritime character. Nevertheless,it experiences weather-systems arriving from the dry continental interior as well as from the sea.The combined influence of these systems creates some of the most variable day-to-day weather conditions to be encountered anywhere in Canada.The north-central part of Canada is usually snow-covered for more than half the year, witha frostfree period of barely two months. Precipitation is relatively light. Further north, on theislands along the Arctic coast and round Hudson Bay, tundra conditions obtain. Average temperatures stay above freezing for only a few weeks of the year. The Arctic Islands and thenorthern fringe of the mainland do not have a summer season of the kind known is Southern Canada.21. According to the passage, in which part of Canada is the climate most changeable?A. The west coast.B. The Arctic coastC. The east coast.D. The central plain22. What character does the north-central part have?A. The-month frost.B. Modification.C. HumidityD. No summer.23. Both summers and winters are wet inA. the central part of Canada.B. Hudson Bay.C. southern Ontario and Quebec.D. the Pacific coast.24. The passage tells us that the climate of Canada is characterized byA. cold and dry.B. humidity and heat.C. light precipitation.D. variation.25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The temperatures in the west side of the Rocky Mountains are usually above zero.bec.B. It’s hot and dry in the summer of Southern Ontario and QueC. There is no summer in the northern islands along the Arctic coast.D. The north-central part is covered with snow for more than six months.(2)Island’s people will be enjoying high-rise living in model towns with all sorts of facilities provided. This is the progressive achievement of the Singapore Housing and Development-housed people. The Board’s success is a Board. Singaporeans today are among the world’s best3model for planners in other developing nations.Roads, usually double-carriage expressways, keep pace with the expanding developmentsin outlying districts to bring the worker close to his job. Trees, bushes and flowering plants frompublic nurseries line the roads as they are built and also landscape the housing estates and parkgrounds. It is truly amazing to find so much tropical greenery in so modern a city.Land in Singapore, as in Hong Kong, is limited: In order to fulfil its development plans forits people, the Government reclaims land from the sea. New projects for housing, port, transportation, business and recreational purposes are being created.In the heart of the City itself the Government’s urban renewal policy goes on every day. Slums are cleared and redeveloped into a series of busy sub-cities. In place of narrow streets andold, crumbling ugly buildings one sees broad thoroughfares modern shopping and entertainmentcomplexes, hotels, office blocks and residential towers rising 40 and 50 storeys into the sky.and probably the It is a question of time before Sigapore becomes a total “island city” finest in Southeast Asia.The face of Singapore is changing every day. New flats are shooting up all over the island.They come in all sizes and rental and sales prices to suit the families of workers, middle-incomeemployees as well as top executives, and businessmen. They are well designed for living,population weresolidly constructed, and carefully maintained. By 1975, half the Republic’sliving in sparkling modern accommodation.ts are built for ______.26. The Singapore Housing and Development Board’s flaA. labourers onlyB. Government workers onlyC. middle-income workers onlyD. all classes of workers27. Housing estates and park grounds give a green look because _______.A. the buildings are painted greenB. the buildings are new and modernC. they are in the middle of forestsD. trees, bushes and flowering plants are grown as part of the landscape28. As land is limited, new projects for development are created ______.A. in the seaB. on land reclaimed from the seaC. over the seaD. under the sea29. In the heart of the city itself ________.A. many slums are createdB. many old buildings are preservedC. many slums are cleared for roadsD. many slums are cleared for redevelopment30. The main features of the new sub-cities are _________.A. broad thoroughfares and tall modern buildingsB. broad thoroughfares and ugly buildings.C. narrow streets and modern buildingsD. narrow streets and old, crumbling buildings.(3)Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man:since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities4have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves), and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves.The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran Turkey, and the Alpine regions. Itis in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place: they may, however, happen anywhere at any time.This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications the earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements inmagnetic field, and the the earth’scrust, variations in the force of gravity and the earth’sfrequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs.31. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Earthquakes are highly feared, but actually relatively harmless.B. There is absolutely no way to predict when or where earthquakes might occur.C. Man is now able to predict when earthquakes will happen, but not where.D. Man is now able to predict where earthquakes will happen, but not when.32. The phrase “this element of the unknown” (Paragraph 3) refers to ______.A. the two great earthquake zonesB. the fact that earthquakes can happen at any time or placeC. the percentage of earthquakesD. the exact cause of earthquakes33.Which of the following have been used to anticipate earthquake activity?A. Changes in animal behavior.B. Differences in the earth’s magnetic field and force of gravity.C. How often minor earth tremors have been observed.D. All of the above.34. The author wrote this passage ________.A. to amuse and entertainB. to question and criticizeC. to explain and informD. to correct a misconception35.What is the author’s attitude toward the possibility of earthquake prediction?5A. It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.B. Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.C. There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.D. Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.III. Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Make some changes if necessary.(110=10)access to single out begin with give way to rest oncater for take up view as give rise to dispose of36. The growth of cottage industries _________ tourist demand has done much to benefit theeconomies of depressed regions.37. Students need easy _________ academic magazines.38. Tourism _________ a wealth factor in the economy of a host community.39. The manager _________ his presentation _________ a slice show.40. He has _________ photography as a hobby.41. The entire tourism industry _________ a base of natural resources.42. He has _________ all the difficulties.43.These bad conditions have _________ a lot of crime.44. Government policies to attract larger numbers of tourists _________ policies designed toattract particular tourist markets.45.Raiway development _________ by the government as the principal means of improvingChina’s transportation network.IV. Cloze test (0.520=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.Transportation may prove to be a sticky question for most cities in the world. Publictransport system in China mainly 46______ of trains, the underground, coaches and buses.47______ its modern means of transportation, China has a vast network of airports and airlineswithin easy 48______ of almost every big city. With civil airports and scheduled airlines, travelboth within and 49______ China can be an exhilarating 50______.Nothing can 51______ airplanes for speed and comfort. They get you to your 52______quickly and smoothly.Trains are usually comfortable, frequent and fast, 53______ some of them are verycrowded. They are usually quicker than coaches, especially 54______ direct routes. For longdistance journeys 55______ major citi es, the best way is to take an 56______ train. It’s more expensive than coaches, but 57______ than planes.Buses are generally extremely noisy, dirty, unsafe and sometimes misery-making especially58______ morning and evening 59 ______ hours. With the development of minibuses.60______ you can get on at a request stop, it has 61______ much convenience to passengers.Nowadays taxis are 62______ to get in major cities. You can find taxis at airports, railwaystations and in the 63______ of towns. You can also telephone 64______ a taxi or stop one in6the street. Taxis are much more 65______ than buses though they are more convenient and faster.V. Phrase translation(120=20)Part One: Translate the following phrases into English.66. 规模经济67. 旅游宣传册68. 信息设施69. 环境污染70. 会议饭店71. 旅游动机72. 餐饮部73. 外汇收入74. 人文旅游资源75. 旅游纪念品Part Two: Translate the following phrases into Chinese.76. destination country77. room service78. multiethnic culture79. insurance coverage80. waybills81. travel mode82. inter-office computer linkups83. database84. withdraw currency from circulation85. sharing different value systemsVI. Translate the following passages into Chinese.(102=20)86. Tourists taking holidays for educational purposes, whether to learn something or to attainnew knowledge, will choose destinations appropriate for this purpose. Again the type and standard of accommodation are of secondary importance. For example, people wishing to study art, music or another skill are now accepting accommodation in universities and colleges thatrun such courses during the vacations. There may be a certain cachet(威望) attached to this and frequently the customers are those with limited means. They find the low costs linked with the learning aspect as representing very good value. These holidays provide a rest of a different sort,daily lives. The support services can also be rudimentary.a change of interest from people’sHowever, those who take these holidays are prepared to make their own spare time activities such as walks in the surrounding countryside, community singing at night, concerts and so on. 87. You may meet Americans who know very little about your country. If so, be patient with them. Unfortunately, little is taught about the cultures or customs of other countries in American schools. The United States has always been separated from other countries by the vast oceans to the East and West of the country. As a result, Americans have not become so familiar with7different cultures and other ways of doing things as is often the case in other countries. If Americans try to help you with something that is very familiar to you, if they mistake your country for another thousands of kilometers away, be patient with them. The United States has developed into a modern nation in a very short time compared with many other countries—only about 300 years.8。
旅游英语选读试题及答案
旅游英语选读试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of transportation fortourists in the city?A. TrainB. BusC. TaxiD. Bicycle2. Which of the following is not included in a typical travel package?A. AccommodationB. TransportationC. FoodD. Personal expenses3. What does the abbreviation "B&B" stand for in the context of travel?A. Bed and BreakfastB. Bus and BoatC. Beach and BarD. Booking and Booking4. When planning a trip, which of the following should be considered first?A. BudgetB. DestinationC. ItineraryD. Accommodation5. What is the meaning of "check-in" at a hotel?A. To pay for the roomB. To reserve a roomC. To enter the roomD. To register for a room二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The term "visa" refers to an official ________ granted bya country, allowing a foreigner to enter, leave, or stay fora certain period.7. A "tour guide" is a person who ________ tourists around a place of interest.8. When you arrive at an airport, you need to go through________ before entering the country.9. The phrase "round trip" means a journey that starts and ends at the same place, also known as a ________.10. If you want to book a flight, you can use the term "makea ________."三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Explain the difference between a "group tour" and an "individual tour."12. What are the advantages of using public transportation while traveling?13. Describe the process of booking a hotel room online.14. What are some common phrases travelers might use when asking for directions?四、阅读理解（每题3分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Traveling has become an integral part of modern life. People travel for various reasons such as leisure, business, or education. When planning a trip, it's important to consider several factors including the destination, budget, and duration of the trip. Travel agencies can assist with organizing travel packages that include accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals. However, travelers also have the option to plan their own itinerary and make individual arrangements.15. Why do people travel?16. What services can a travel agency provide?17. What is the purpose of a travel package?18. What is the difference between a travel agency's package and individual arrangements?五、写作题（共20分）19. Write a short essay on the importance of learning English for travelers. Your essay should be at least 200 words.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. A4. B5. D二、填空题6. document7. guides8. customs9. return ticket10. reservation三、简答题11. A "group tour" is where travelers join a pre-planned itinerary with a group of people, often with a tour guide. An "individual tour" allows for personal freedom to plan one's own trip, without the constraints of a group schedule.12. Public transportation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and provides an opportunity to experience local culture.13. First, research and select a hotel. Then, visit thehotel's website or use a booking platform. Enter travel dates and personal information, choose room type, and confirm the booking.14. Some common phrases include "Where is the nearest subway station?", "Can you show me on the map?", and "How do I get to this address?"四、阅读理解15. People travel for leisure, business, or education.16. A travel agency can provide services such as organizing travel packages, accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals.17. A travel package is a pre-arranged set of services offered by a travel agency to make traveling more convenientand often more cost-effective.18. A travel agency's package is pre-planned and includes set services, while individual arrangements allow for personal customization and flexibility.五、写作题[考生自行撰写，无固定答案]。
自考旅游英语试题及答案
自考旅游英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The most popular form of tourism is ________.A. business tourismB. cultural tourismC. adventure tourismD. leisure tourism答案：D2. Which of the following is not a type of accommodation?A. hotelsB. motelsC. hostelsD. restaurants答案：D3. The term "eco-tourism" refers to tourism that is ________.A. focused on natureB. focused on cultureC. focused on shoppingD. focused on nightlife答案：A4. Which of the following is not a benefit of tourism for a destination?A. economic growthB. cultural exchangeC. environmental degradationD. job creation答案：C5. The phrase "off the beaten track" is used to describe a destination that is ________.A. well-known and popularB. remote and less visitedC. easily accessibleD. famous for its nightlife答案：B6. What is the term for a tourist who travels to experience a different culture?A. cultural touristB. adventure touristC. eco-touristD. leisure tourist答案：A7. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an organization that deals with ________.A. international travel regulationsB. international hotel standardsC. international food safetyD. international airline operations答案：D8. Which of the following is not a form of transportation used in tourism?A. trainsB. planesC. bicyclesD. telescopes答案：D9. The term "package tour" refers to a pre-arranged trip that includes ________.A. accommodation onlyB. transportation onlyC. both accommodation and transportationD. accommodation, transportation, and guided tours答案：D10. What is the term for a tourist who travels for business purposes?A. leisure touristB. cultural touristC. business touristD. adventure tourist答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ is the largest industry in the world in terms of revenue.答案：tourism industry2. A ________ is a person who travels for pleasure.答案：leisure tourist3. The ________ is an international organization that promotes responsible travel to natural areas.答案：World Tourism Organization4. A ________ is a type of accommodation that is often cheaper than hotels.答案：hostel5. ________ tourism involves traveling to a destination to experience the local culture.答案：Cultural6. The ________ is a document that allows a person to enter and leave a country.答案：passport7. ________ is a type of tourism that focuses on visiting historical sites and learning about the past.答案：Historical8. A ________ is a type of tourism that involves traveling toa destination for medical procedures.答案：medical tourist9. ________ is a type of tourism that focuses on visiting theme parks and entertainment venues.答案：Entertainment10. ________ is a type of tourism that involves traveling toa destination for educational purposes.答案：Educational三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. What are the main components of the tourism industry?答案：The main components of the tourism industry include transportation, accommodation, food and beverage services, travel agencies, tour operators, and attractions.2. Explain the concept of sustainable tourism.答案：Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that aims to meet the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and preserving the environment and cultural heritage for future generations.3. What are the benefits of tourism for a destination?答案：The benefits of tourism for a destination include economic growth through increased revenue, job creation, cultural exchange, and the preservation of cultural heritage.4. Discuss the challenges faced by the tourism industry.答案：The challenges faced by the tourism industry include environmental degradation, over-tourism, cultural homogenization, and the need for sustainable practices to ensure the long-term viability of destinations.四、论述题（共20分）Discuss the role of technology in the tourism industry andhow it has changed the way people travel.答案：Technology has played a significant role in the tourism industry by streamlining the travel process, providing real-time information, and enhancing the overall travel experience. Online booking platforms have made it easier for travelers to plan and book their trips, while mobile apps offer on-the-go assistance. Social media has also become a powerful tool for travel inspiration and sharing experiences. However, the increased reliance on technology also raises concerns about privacy and the digital divide, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to technological integration in tourism.。
10月全国高级英语自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600Ⅰ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (12 points, 0.5point each)●Rumors 1 quickly that I was a FBI agent. I was 2 because I was not 3___ to return. Some people said I was either a federal agent or a 4 , for no 5 man, they said, returns to Watts by 6 .●Television 7 on advertising to an even greater 8 than newspapers, and since advertising is big business, advertising is by 9 Republican. Yet nowhere in network newscasts in network commentaries on current events have I 10 the intense partisanship, the often rabid 11 that colors the editorial 12 of the majority of newspapers in this country.●The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah, Monsieur Voisin,” he said with a 18 undecided smile, “May I join you?”●Some people believe that the time of death is 19 by God and that no man should ___20 the clock back on another. 21 if a patient’s philosophical views embrace __ 22 , it is not clear why the religious 23 of others should intrude 24___ his death.Ⅱ. There are 15 sentences from the textbooks, with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (15 points, 1point each)125. From the start of that campaign, I faced ________ hostility because of my sex.26. A beautiful woman came along and ________ her bunch of violets, and a little boy ran after to hand them to her, and she took them and threw them away as if they’d been poisoned.27. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to ________ them with the shades of deeper meaning.28. If it be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly ________ things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place.29. Although I had to search, and did search, for the right words, I seemed to be making this descriptive effort almost against my will, under a kind of ________ from outside.30. ________ a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor he is likely to find more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.31. And so we are suddenly ________ a sickening situation in this country.32. With three job ________ from three of the most prestigious firms in the country, he did not need this interview, this firm.33. Disease-snobbery is only one out of a great multitude of ________, of which now some, now others take pride of place in general esteem.34. I once befriended two little girls from Esthonia, who had narrowly escaped death from ________ in a famine.35. There’s bound to be trouble ________ me every day of my life, because trouble it’s always been and always will be.36. It has been assumed that the youth of America has been in the ________ of the discovery of both the disease and the cure.37. Somehow we just don’t see how it is with other folks until —something ________.38. The figures are photocopied and distributed throughout the company to all the people and departments whose work is ________ selling.39. Her hands and her neck began to sweat. But she knew that no emotion was ________.Ⅲ. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions, Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.(15 points, 1 point each)240. As the living standard improves, the (A. span, B. length) of life is getting longer and longer.41. The poor emperor was forced by the usurper to (A. abandon, B. abdicate).42. I find it difficult to operate this computer. Can you (A. demonstrate, B. exemplify) it for me?43. The formal declaration of the news went four (A. documents, B. drafts) before it was submitted to the conference.44. I had a fantastic (A. stretch, B. stroke) of luck last weekend. I picked up a genuine Stradivarius violin for only $20.45. In the A-series football match, AC-Milan (A. beat, B. defended) all the other teams and became the champion as expected.46. The accountant (A. specializes, B. scrutinizes) the figures very carefully before commenting on them.47. On hearing that her best friend bought a fur coat, Susan felt (A. tempted, B. coaxed) to buy one, too.48. When the rescue party found the wounded young man, he was (A. keeping, B. clinging) on to the side of the broken boat.49. He (A. resigned, B. relinquished) all control over the company business to his son.50. The witness refused to (A. disclose, B. enclose) the identity of the man who supplied the information.51. Usually my brother is rather (A. reserved, B. conservative), but if you pick up a topic he is interested in, he will talk freely about it.52. The common (A. custom, B. practice) in English law is to consider someone innocent unless he is proved guilty.53. He was a highly (A. conscientious, B. conscious) teacher who took his duties seriously but he seemed to have neither the personality nor the ability to achieve further success.54. This group of young men felt a great sense of (A. inspiration, B. achievement) when they finally reached the top of the mountain.Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding four items: Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵand Ⅶ.Our Greedy Colleges1) Many of our colleges are at it again. As they have done annually for the past six years, they have begun to unveil tuition increases that far outstrip the inflation rate. Next year, tuition is expected to rise 6 percent to 8 percent –even though inflation during 1986 was about 1.8 percent. Yale’s president, Benno C. Schmidt Jr., attributes his university’s tuition hike in part to “continuing cutbacks of governmental support for student aid. ” This assertion flies in the face of the facts. Since 1982, money available through Federal student aid programs has increased every single year. Overall, Federal outlays for student aid are up 57 percent since 1980. Since31980, inflation has been just 26 percent. That is why the former chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, Pete V. Domenici, Republican of New Mexico, recently dismissed the claim of huge cuts in student aid programs as a “myth.”2) If anything, increases in financial aid in recent years have enabled colleges and universities blithely to raise their tuitions, confident that Federal loan subsidies would help cushion the increase. In 1978, subsidies became available to a greatly expanded number of students. In 1980, college tuitions began rising year after year at a rate that exceeded inflation. Federal student aid policies do not cause college price inflation, but there is little doubt that they help make it possible.3) At the same time that higher education has been cutting a bigger piece of the Federal pie, it has also received huge infusions of cash from state governments, from corporations, from foundations and from loyal alumni. The total increase in higher education spending from all these non-Federal sources is staggering. Spending for higher education now consumes about 40 percent of all money spent in America for education.4) It is by no means clear that the performance of many of our colleges and universities justifies this level of expenditure. As I said on the occasion of Harvard’s 350th anniversary, too many stude nts fail to receive the education they deserve at our nation’s universities. The real problem is not lack of money but failure of vision.5) Unfortunately, when it comes to higher education, this distinction is frequently lost Stanford University’s vague justification for increased charges –“new knowledge is inherently more expensive” –only underscores the lack of focus and purpose at some of our nation’s most prestigious universities.6) Higher education is not underfunded. It is under-accountable and underproductive. Our students deserve better than this. They deserve an education commensurate with the large sums paid by parents and taxpayers and donors.7) That our universities are places where students can receive a good education, or at least learn a lot, I have no doubt. But too often our universities leave education to chance – a good professor here and a great course there. There is too little real and sustained attention to education in the broader sense, to making sure that when our students leave after four years they leave as educated men and women.8) It is also false to assert, as some have, that the Reagan Administration’s student aid policies4deprive disadvantaged students of the opportunity to attend college. In fact, the Administration has consistently sought to redirect aid to the neediest students.9) Under the Administration’s fiscal 1988 budget proposal, all students presently receiving aid would continue to be eligible for the same dollar amount of aid. One in six of all college students would still be eligible to receive Federal grants. Those less needy would still have access to aid in the form of loans.10) One particular Administration proposal, Income Contingent Loans, represents the most serious attempt to improve student aid in 15 years. The loans would permit repayment schedules to be tailored to a student’s income. A graduate’s payments would never have to exceed 15 percent of his adjusted gross income, and he could have as long as necessary to repay.11) An advantage of t he Administration’s proposals is that they would help make colleges and universities accountable to the prime beneficiaries of their services – the students.12) Because students would pay a market-based interest rate, they would bear the true cost of borrowing the additional capital needed to finance tuition increases. Instead of insulating colleges and universities form such market forces, the Administration’s policies would make colleges and universities more readily accountable to them.13) Higher education clearly provides benefits to society in general. Recognizing this, the American people have generously provided the tax dollars, grants and highly subsidized loans necessary to support higher education. But the chief beneficiaries of a college education are the students. On average, college graduates earn $640,000 more over their lifetimes than nongraduates do. It is simply not fair to ask taxpayers, many of whom do not go to college, to pay more than their fair share of the tuition burden.Ⅳ. There are 10 incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (10 points, 1 point each)55. The author intends to _________.A. compare the inflation rate and tuition increasesB. criticize the federal government in cutting the financial aid in educationC. defend the federal government and accuse colleges of unnecessary and excessive tuition increasesD. criticize the low quality of higher education in the United States56. The author thinks that the colleges and universities can raise the tuition because they believe5that _________.A. there are Federal loan subsidiesB. every student can get Federal loan subsidies easilyC. governmental support for student aid becomes lessD. higher quality education needs more money57. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?A. Higher education gets all its financial support from the federal government.B. Higher education gets all its financial support from nonfederal sources.C. Higher education gets its financial support from various sources.D. Higher education gets most of its financial support from student tuition.58. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Colleges and universitie s in America can’t provide justifiable education.B. Colleges and universities can get enough financial support.C. Students should learn a lot more at colleges and universities.D. Students don’t learn what they deserve at colleges and universities.59. According to the author, the government has consistently ________.A. helped the disadvantaged studentsB. tried to re-distribute the financial aid to the students who need it mostC. offered financial aid to most students who need itD. spent enough money for the students who need it most60. From this article, we know that a graduate _________.A. is allowed enough time to repay the borrowed moneyB. has to take more than 15 percent of his gross income to repay the loanC. doesn’t have to pay an interestD. can put off the repayment as long as he/she likes61. In Paragraph 11, which of the following is the best to substitute for “accountable to”?A.devoted toB.responsible forC.suitable forD.desirable62. American people support higher education because _________.A.they can reduce the burden of colleges and universitiesB.they want to improve itC.the students can get benefits from itD.they can get benefits from it63. What is implied by the author?A.It is not fair to ask those who do not go to college to pay more than they should for highereducation.6B.College graduates earn more than nongraduates do.C. A person’s income is closely related to his or her education.D.Some nongraduates do not mind paying for higher education.64. The tone of this article is ________.rmativeB.ironicC.persuasiveD.narrativeⅤ. There is one underlined part in each of the following sentences, followed by four choices A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest in meaning to the underlined part. (10 points, 2 points each)65. …they have begun to unveil tuition increases that far outstrip the inflation rate.A.that surpassB.that are much more thanC.that can compete withD.that are beyond66. This assertion flies in the face of the facts.A.agrees with the factsB.fails to face the factsC.finds its base in the factsD.is contrary to the facts67. They deserve an education commensurate with the large sums paid by parents and taxpayers and donors.A.an education which concentrates onB.an appropriate education designed according toC.an education in right proportion toD. a frist class education because of68. … that the Reagan Administration’s student aid policies deprive disadvantaged students of the opportunity to attend college.A.make it impossible for disadvantaged students to get college educationB.deny that disadvantaged students should have a chance to go to collegeC.offer unequal opportunities for disadvantaged students to gain college educationD.offer more opportunities for the advantaged students to attend college69. The loans would permit repayment schedules to be tailored to a student’s income.A.to be made in consideration of a student’s incomeB.to be changed by a student’s incomeC.to be adaptable to a student’s income7D.to match a student’s incomeⅥ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your translation on your answer sheet. (10 points, 2 points each)70.Federal student aid policies do not cause college price inflation, but there is little doubt that they help make it possible.71. Spending for higher education now consumes about 40 percent of all money spent in America for education.72. Stanford University’s vaguer justification for increased charges –“new knowledge is inherently more expensive”- only underscores the lack of focus and purpose at some of our nation’s most prestigious universities.73. But too often our universities leave education to chance – a good professor here and a great course there.74. Under the Administration’s fiscal 1988 budget proposal, all students presently receiving aid would continue to be eligible for the same dollar amount of aid.Ⅶ. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answer on your answer sheet. (10 points)Do you agree with the author that the American colleges are greedy and unaccountable? Why or Why not?Ⅷ. Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet. (18 points, 2 points each from 75 to 79, 8 points for 80)75．前事不忘，后事之师。
10月全国语言与文化自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. pudding2.All languages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinship3.English speakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holistically4.In English all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicit5.Which of the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming theirnewly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.6.If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh”means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be serious8.The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴”can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipB.A small leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea1D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green”connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸11.The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报”is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer”is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正”can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____”in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.14.When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of thetext and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductive15.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is thepronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. er16.The first _____ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most Europeancountries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British law17.The distance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personal18.Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____”in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than I19.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors ininterpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligation20.The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?2A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21._____ are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbols22.In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo”alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacle23.The English brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartan24.The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple”in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best26._____ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairs27._____ is onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Click28.When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say“_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.29._____ serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come30.A “slow”student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded student3B. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.32._____ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature”is the euphemism for _____.34.The English equivalent of “寒舍”is _____.35.In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ andoften located at the initial part of the paragraph.36.It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than Englishadvertising.37.Since language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.38.It is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning differentfrom that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.39.The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临”is _____.40.The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.41.The English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着”in China.42._____ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinarynews in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?45.What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?46.Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?47.How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?48.What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)49.He breathed his last during the night.50.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.51.The greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.52.A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。
自学考试旅游英语选读试
全国2010年10月自学考试旅游英语选读试卷课程代码：00837请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple choice: (1×15=15)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1.Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make ____ by supplying the goods and services.A. a promiseB. an advanceC. a profitD. a friend2.Tourist expenditures have direct, indirect and induced effects on a/an ____ economy.A. accommodationB. destinationC. transportationD. national3.The WTO has suggested several ______ for domestic tourism definitions.A. guidelinesB. principlesC. policiesD. facilities4.One of the objectives of WTO is to raise standards of living in the less developed areas of the world by helping to provide _____ for foreign tourism.A. educationB. policiesC. facilitiesD. markets5.The tour operator's brochure is a/an _____tool, being the main influence on thecustomer's decision to buy.A. informingB. communicatingC. managingD. marketing6.The removal of coral, either for souvenirs collected by the public or for commercial sale by tourist enterprises, ______ some coastal regions of Australia and elsewhere.A. developsB. threatensC. promotesD. improves7.Charter services do not operate according to _____.A. middleman's ordersB. charted routesC. agreed practicesD. published timetables8.With the invention of _____ in 1853, hotels began to expand upward.A. telephoneB. electricityC. elevatorsD. cars9.As in any business, there must be one person responsible for the_____. That person is the general manager.A. managing directionB. overall operationC. marketing operationD. hotel direction10. The resort or _____ chosen will depend on the form of relaxation required.A. destinationB. scenic spotC. hotelD. transportation11. The entire tourism industry rests on a base of_______.A. national economyB. natural resourcesC. hotel and transportationD. government policy12. Tourism has the _____ to help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people.A. potentialB. profitC.benefitD. energy13. Standardization and rigidity are very clear characteristics of ____ tours offered on al arge scale.A. internationalB. in-boundC. packageD. business14. The realization of one's desire to travel depends on many complex social and political factors, including the social _____ of the destination.A. changeB. awarenessC. policyD. stability15. There is great potential in China for specialized tourism, focusing on ethnic roups and _______ adventure.A. environmentalB. minorityC. mountainD. ruralⅡ. Reading comprehension: (2×10=20)Directions: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Some seven or eight hundred years ago, Hangzhou, known as Ling'an then, was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, watching the tidal bore was already a grand occasion in town when the whole population would turn out for the spectacle. The best time to do this was from the 15th to the 18th of the eighth month of each year. But beginning from about the tenth day of the month, that part of the river bank that offered the best vantage point for ride watching would already be a busy gathering place for little open-air booths and stalls where vendors piledcolourful wares on their carts or boxes. There would be all kinds of snacks and cooked meats in shining pots and pans. The taverns and restaurants would put up mulfi-coloured lanterns and flags or pennants, displaying meanwhile an attractive array of meat and vegetable dishes with a lot more exotic delicacies on the menu. In the tea-houses would be hung paintingscrolls and calligraphy scrolls by famous artists while the antique vases would be filled with flesh flowers. In addition, there would be vendors displaying plasters and medicinal herbs for sale on the ground, roving artists with their monkeys for variety, shows or folk artists ready to entertain the crowds. Even before the days of the tidal bore, these people would be gathered on the river bank doing whatever they could to attract pleasure-seekers. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of people, visitors from other towns as well as local residents of Ling' an, would be hustling and bustling about, clogging up the way and making traffic impossible. In the large riverside mansions that lined the banks, there would be opulently dressed men and women, some leaning against the windows or the balconies looking into the distance and some looking down gazing fixedly at something going on down below.16. In the Southern Song Dynasty, people ______ to watch the tidal bore.A. were usedB. usedC. were anxiousD. were extremely eager17. At that time people came to watch the tidal bore _____ of the eighth month of each year.A. from 15th to the 18thB. starting around 10thC. from 15th to the endD. at the middle18. The vendors were selling their wares _____.A. along the bankB. at the best vantage pointC. in pilesD. using pots and pans19. The crowds coming to watch the tidal bore were also entertained by ____.A. painting scrollsB. displaying plastersC. folk artistsD. pleasure-seekers20. The best vantage point for tide watching was _____.A. large riverside mansionsB. distant balconiesC. taverns and restaurantsD. the tea houses(2)Vacation travel, a pleasant travel, is one of the faster-growing segments of the tourism industry. These travelers seek enjoyment and pleasure for their travel.Vacation travel is typically price-sensitive and often concerned with the particular time of day or day of week schedules. Vacation travel has been heavily promoted by the airlines for Saturday and Sunday travel when their transport capacity is not heavily used by business travelers. Further, the vacation travel market is where the airlines often offer lower fares. These tickets often have many restrictions designed to prevent regular business travelers from switching to the lower fares. For example, the super-saver fare requires the passenger to stay at the destination over a Saturday night. Such fares are not good during certain heavy holiday periods or Monday to Friday flights, or they constitute only a small number of seats on flights that normally would not be filled by full-fare business passengers.The vacation market is an important one to Florida, the Caribbean, Colorado, and Vermont during the winter months for sun and ski vacations. The United States to Europe and the United States coast to coast are strong vacation markets in the summer. Travel agents and tour operators are heavily involved in the vacation market. Charter bus trips and tours are also major parts of the vacation market.The vacation travel market is also splintering into “boutique” travel niches as well. These are specialty vacations in which recreation and/or rest at a hotel or on a cruise ship are not the major elements of the trip. Trips in this category that have become increasingly popular in recent years include viewing rare animal life at the Galapagos islands, whale watching in Baja California, hiking in Nepal, photographic expeditions in the wilds of Alaska or the Northwest Territories,safaris in Africa, and nature cruises up the Amazon River. These trips typically are educational。
10月全国基础英语自考试题及答案解析
10月全国基础英语自考试题及答案解析全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题课程代码：00088一、单词或短语的英汉互译（共10分）（一）将下列词语译成中文（5分）1.foreign-trade zones2.cost effectiveness3.investment demand4.capital-output ratio5.the cost of production(二)将下列词语译成英文（5分）6.关税壁垒7.供求机制8.存货占用成本9.营销商10.无形贸易二、词汇应用和语法结构（共30分）（一）语汇应用（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子11.The flight to Paris was（）because of fog .A. delayedB. deposedC. divertedD. rejected12.He（）our returning home as soon as possible.A. advisedB. interestedC. persuadedD. suggested13.Only hotel guests have the（）of using the private beach.A. occasionB. possibilityC. privilegeD. habit14.Nobody can explain the（）of this commonly-used expression.A. beginningB. starting-pointC. causeD. origin15.Your usual teacher has lost his voice and （）I am taking his place today.A. besidesB. neverthelessC. howeverD. therefore16.The old lady doesn’t like any visitors. Yesterday she was annoyed by the（）of a stranger.A. intrusionB. instructionC. inferenceD. inflation17.He didn’t go into detail on the subject. He spoke in（）A. commonB. regular1C. generalD. ordinary18.The social security system provides（）for retired citizens.A. wagesB. profitsC. rewardsD. pensions19.When they asked me to make a speech, I was at a（）for words.A. lackB. desireC. failureD. loss20.As he had no friends or relatives in the town, the traveler tried to find a（）somewhere.A. lodgeB. landingC. lodgingD. stay21.My sister（）her shorthand ability by taking notes in shorthand during lectures.A. keeps upB. keeps inC. keeps onD. keeps with22.A（）fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.A. pensionB. publicC. welfareD. relief23.The man’s（）was described as impatient in contrast tohis wife’s.A. featureB. personalityC. markD. property24.This newspaper provides more foreign news than（）news.A. presentB. practicalC. domesticD. native25.I like this classical music, but I can’t remember who（）it.A. composedB. designedC. inventedD. created(二)语法结构（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子26.（）is of no consequence to me.A. He goes or staysB. Whether he goes or staysC. Whether he go or staysD. He goes whether he stays27.The lawyer questioned the witness about（）A. what knew heB. What did he knowC. he knewD. what he knew28.He（）on this essay for twenty minutes, but he haswritten only a hundred words.A. workedB. will be workingC. has been workingD. would have workednny had an advantage（）his mother in that he was well-educated.A. forB. onC. overD. toward30.The present population of this city is three times（）it was ten years ago.A. whatB. sinceC. thatD. as231.（）the land is fertile, there is usually a large population.A. AlthoughB. WhereC. WhetherD. There32.You don’t need（）for his permission every time you want to leave the room.A. to askB. askC. askingD. being asked33.So badly（）in the car accident that he had to stay in thehospital for treatment.A. did Peter injureB. Peter injuredC. Peter was injuredD. was Peter injured34.He congratulated them（）what they had achieved.A. onB. atC. forD. about35.I should say Henry is not（）much a writer as a reporter.A. thatB. soC. thisD. as36.（）in this business, you have to be adaptable.A. SucceedingB. Having succeededC. To succeedD. To have succeeded37.I would have come sooner but I（）that you were waiting.A. didn’t knowB. haven’t knownC. hadn’t knownD. knew38.He came to me last night to apologize for not doing what he（）A. ought to doB. should doC. ought to be doingD. ought to have done39.To our great disappointment, neither of the toys（）to the children.A. appealB. appealsC. are appealingD. is appealed40.The particles in the atom are too small（）A. seeingB. seenC. to be seenD. for seeing三、改错（共10分）下面句子中有A，B，C，D四个划底线部分，其中有一个是错误的，选出错误部分的字母，无需改正错误。
2019年10月自考英语二真题及答案
2019年10月自考英语二真题及答案2019年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷，共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答卷前必须在答题卡上写上自己的姓名和准考证号。
必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。
第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）。
下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
To Lease(租赁) or Not to LeaseXXX a car because you don't think you can afford to buy one。
Think again。
Leasing can end up being just as XXX.Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money。
They're right - it is cheaper。
but only inthe short term。
For example。
if you were to lease a new Subaru Forester。
you might pay $300 per month for the car。
If you were to buy the same car。
you would pay about $400 per month。
Over a three-year d。
you would save $3,600 - a big savings。
But after your lease is over。
you have to give the car back。
Therefore。
全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码00837
全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码00837全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码:00837I.Multiple choice: (1×15=15)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. ______, which is the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country, indicates internal tourism plus inbound tourism.A. Inbound tourismB. Outbound tourismC. International tourismD. Domestic tourism2. The Grand Tour is a tour of certain cities in ______ undertaken primarily for education and pleasure.A. Southern AsiaB. Northern AmericaC. Western EuropeD. Eastern Africa3. Owing to many other complicating factors ______ inflation, investment in tourism therefore remains ______ it does in any other industry.A. so as, so risk asB. such as, as risky asC. such so, so risk suchD. as such, such risky as4. With the invention of ______ in 1853, hotels began to expand upward. A. computers B. steamed shipsC. locomotivesD. elevators5. Most nations are especially interested in developing tourism as an ______ industry. A. export B. importC. ecologicalD. accommodation6. ______ creates the flexibility to satisfy changing consumer needs at prices that are cost-competitive with mass-produced holidays.A. Digit technologyB. Computer technologyC. Information technologyD. Electronics technology7. Behavior is influenced by a number of things, with motives ______ only one of them.A. beB. to beC. beingD. been8. Over the past decade the tourist industry ______ profoundly by the development of computer technology.A. is affectedB. has affectedC. was affectedD. has been affected9. The modern era of travel by water is characterized by ______ performing cruising and ferrying roles.A. shipsB. hovercraftC. jet foilsD. ships, hovercraft, and jet foils10. The departmental managers advise and help the general manager in formulation of the operating policy and ______ that it is carried out.A. see itB. see to itC. seen itD. seeing to it11. China has numerous temples, pagodas, statues and cave carvings, ______ are associated with Buddhism, Daoism and Confucius.A. many of whichB. much of whichC. any of whichD. all of which12. When ______ prices from the printer, tour operators should approach several companies, as quotations can vary substantially between printers.A. obtainB. obtainedC. obtainingD. being obtained13. Significant changes can be expected in the next few years in the field of ______. A. national tourism B. professional tourismC. mature tourismD. business tourism14. China officially joined the World Tourism Organization in October, ______. A. 1963 B. 1973C. 1983D. 199315. In business tourism, ______, with an international or export-orientated business activity was in the upper end of these figures.other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, wealso strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attractconstruction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability of similar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of theworld's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resourceA. AmericaB. BritainC. CanadaD. JapanII. Reading comprehension: (2× 10=20)Directions: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)In Britain arrangements for inviting and entertaining guests at a wedding are usually the responsibility of the bride's family. In most cases it is mainly friends and relations of both families who areinvited. But when the bride's father is a businessman of some kind, the wedding reception may provide a useful occasion for establishing social connections with clients or customers and other people whose goodwillmay be of advantage to him. It is, however, the bride's mother who hasthe job of sending out the formal printed invitation cards.In the case of a church wedding, the vicar of each parish in whichthe bride and bridegroom live is normally informed about a month in advance of the ceremony so that an announcement of the coming weddingcan be made in church on each of three Sundays before it takes place. Anyone who may know of an existing marriage of either partner is ordered to give information about it, through this means of avoiding bigamy (重婚) must have been more effective in the dayswhen people moved about the world less than they do today. Often up to a hundred or more people attend the religious service and the bride usually wears the traditional long white dress and veil, while her bridesmaids, who are often children, wear long dresses in attractive colors. This may also happen in the case of a civil wedding in aregister office but is probably less usual.The reception which follows may be held in a restaurant, a localhall or, when there are few guests, in the bride's own home. Refreshments are provided, a special iced wedding-cake is cut usually to the accompaniment of speeches and distributed to the guests, toasts are drunk and dancing may follow. At some point in the celebrations, the bride goes off to change into everyday clothes and then leaves the party with her husband to go on their honeymoon, the journey they will make together, often in romantic surroundings abroad.16. According to the passage some guests may be invited because______.A. their presence is a great honor to the familyB. their presence may provide future benefitsC. they can bring more goodwill to the family浙00837# 旅游英语选读试卷第3页共9页D. they can make the wedding more sociable17. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Guests are invited for different reasons.B, The bride's family is in charge of preparing the wedding.C. Any illegal marriage will be stopped by the church.D. The bride's mother decides the name list of guests.18. The reason the vicar is informed in advance of the ceremony isthat ______. A. the bride's family can make sure that all the guests are informedB. people can ensure a thorough investigation of a lawful marriageC. the coming wedding can be announced time and againD. it leaves more time for the bride's family to arrange the wedding19. Which of the following statements may NOT be inferred from the passage? A. A civil wedding is not as romantic as a church wedding.B. Sometimes the reception is held in the bride's home.C. A church wedding is usually attended by many people.D. The bride in a civil wedding often wears the white dress and veil.20. When do the couple leave for their honeymoon?A. Soon after the wedding ceremony.B. Near the end of the reception.C. In the course of the reception.D. After the drinking and dancing.(2)The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called "the heroic age of Antarctic exploration". By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a newcontinent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, littlemore than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance. Future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, andother projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, wealso strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects,leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability ofsimilar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of the world's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. Thecoasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will becomeavailable to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the5,000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an unsolvable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilized this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are hereutterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations willcome to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a "dead continent" now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.21. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?A. Magnetite, coal and ores.B. Copper, coal and uranium.C. Silver, natural gas and uranium.D. Aluminum, copper and natural gas.浙00837# 旅游英语选读试卷第5页共9页22. The phrase "usher in" in Para.2 Line 8 probably means" ______ ".A. createB. accompanyC. followD. trail23. The most healthy climate in the world is in the AntarcticContinent because ______. A. it is not polluted B. it is severely coldC. it still remains primitiveD. it is not really populated24. According to the passage, what are people doing in the continent?A. Building the natural storehouse.B. Exploring the vast natural resources.C. Installing permanent bases on its edge.D. Mapping thecoast and whole territory. 25. What is the author's attitude towards the future of the Antarctic?A. Concerned.B. Indifferent.C. Defensive.D. Positive.III. Cloze: (1 × 15=15)Directions: Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly.A person's home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) "__26__ home". But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners,there are practical limitations of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash __27__, in fact, often means that the only way of __28__ whenyou leave school is tostay at home for a while until things __29__ financially. There are obvious __30__ of living athome—personal laundry is usually still done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established __31__ of friends to call upon. And there is __32__ theresponsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, much depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family— 33 do you like them? Are you prepared to be 34 whenyour parents ask where you are going in the evening and what timeyou expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) 35 , and that you finally have the money to leave, how doyou 36 finding somewhere else to five?other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, we also strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability of similar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of theworld's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are 37well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always 38 .If you are going to work in a new area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies, though these should be approached with 39 . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the 40 ofthe first week's rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.26. A. ideal B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory 27. A. cut B. shortage C. lack D. drain28. A. getting over B. getting in C. getting back D. getting along29. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed 30. A. concerns B.issues C. advantages D. problems 31. A. cycle B. group C. circle D. lot32. A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes 33. A. and B. but C.still D. or34. A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered 35. A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal 36. A. go about B. go overC. go in forD. go through 37. A. seldom B. less C. certainly D.probably 38. A. dependent B. a good source of informationC. of great valueD. reliable39. A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. concern D. caution 40. A. same B. equival ent C. equal D. similarity IV. Phrasal verbs: (1×10=10) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make somechanges if necessary.41. They ______ by running a small hotel a few years ago.浙00837# 旅游英语选读试卷第7页共9页42. They should not ______ their wishes ______ their children. . 43. Passive vacationers are seen as achieving tension relief by giving in or ______ thesurrounding environment.44. Car speed ______ 30 mph in most towns.45. The mayor should take steps ______ the holiday rush. 46. A news report should ______ the facts.47. These rooms have ______ the important visitors from Thailand. 48. Travel ______ us ______ a narrow mind.49. A hotel must ______ customers' benefit.50. We all know that his laziness ______ his failure. V. Phrase translation: (1×20=20)Part OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese. 51. achieve sustainable economic growth52. the theme of the tour brochures53. tailor-made services54. accommodation and support facilities55. on study tours56. Tourism Income Multiplier57. to constantly improve tourist products58. rare flora and fauna59. enjoy more preferential policies60. Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPart TwoDirections: Translate the following into English. 6 1(会展业 62(前厅经理63(高速火车 64(视觉魅力65(市场预算 66(不定期客运服务67(过境旅游者68( “旅游陷阱"69(劳动密集型产业 70(计算机预定系统other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, we also strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the Countyhave elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability of similar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal,knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of the world's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource V I. Passage translation: (10×2=20)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. Tourists taking holidays for educational purposes, whether to learn something or to attain new knowledge, will choose destinations appropriate for this purpose. Again the type and standard of accommodation are of secondary importance. For example, people wishing to study art, music or another skill are now accepting accommodation in universities and colleges that run such courses during the vacations. There may be a certain cachet attached to this and frequently the customers are those with limited means. They find the low costs linked with the learning aspect as representing very good value. These holidays provide a rest of a different sort, a change of interest from people's daily lives. The support services can also be rudimentary. However those who take these holidays are prepared to make their own spare time activities such as walks in the surrounding countryside, community singing at night, concerts and so on.72. The primary benefit of tourism to travelers is a measure of personal pleasure, and there seems hardly to be a tourist offering tofit every taste and individual interest. Some just want to lie on abeach. Others may seek exposure to the arts, architecture, cuisine, crafts, traditions, or lifestyle of a different culture. Others wish to visit a place of exceptional natural beauty or a location that offers specific recreational activities, or to study a particular topic. Whatever the focus—whethergoing white water rafting or taking an architectural tour or photographing native flowers—it is anactivity chosen to bring enjoyment to the tourist.浙00837# 旅游英语选读试卷第9页共9页。
自考真题：2019年10月《英语》考试真题
自考真题：2019年10月《英语》考试真题一，阅读判断下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C,并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。
Atwentieth-centurywomanMaryaSkodowska was born onNovember 7, 1867, in Poland. Marya’s father wanted hisfive children to go tocollege, but the family was poor. In fact, Marya workedfor six years to makemoney so her elder sister Bronya could study medicine inParis. When Bronyafinished medical school in 1891, 23-year-old Marya went toParis to begin herown study.InJuly 1893, Marie passed herphysics exam first in her class. At this time, shemet Pierre curie, a youngscientist. Marie and Pierre found that they had muchin common. They bothbelieved that science was the most important part of theirlives. They didn’tcare about money or about being comfortable. They fell inlove, and weremarried on July 26, 1895. Marie and Pierre were very happy. Theydiscussedtheir work as well as the most recent scientific events, such as the discoveryofX rays. Marie was interested in this research and began to look forunknownelements that had such rays. Pierre stopped his own research in order tohelpMarie in her work. He realized that she was about to make animportantdiscovery.In1898, they discovered two newelements that gave off X rays. In those days, nooneknew that such materialswere dangerous. They did not know that working withthese materials causedtheir illness, and they kept working. Finally, in 1902,they proved that radium(镭) is real.OnJune 25, 1903, Madame became thefirst woman to receive a doctor of sciencedegree from the Sorbonne. Then shereceived an even greater award. In 1903,Marie and Pierre and Henri wereawarded the Nobel Prize in physics.1Marya went to Paris to begin herown study when she finished medical school.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not given2Marya changed her name to Frenchform, Marie , in Paris.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given3Marya had quarreled with hersister before moving out of her sister’s home.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not given4Marya was happy even if she livedin hard living conditions.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given5Marie and Pierre fell in lovebecause they had different ideas about science andlife.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given6Pierre didn’t want to stop hisown research to help Marie.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given7Pierre’s parents didn’t agreewith his marriage with Marie.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given8Marie alone found two elementsthat gave off X rays in 1898.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given9Marie and Pierre did not know thedanger of those materials giving off X rays.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given10Marie and Pierre won the NobelPrize in physics in 1903.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given二阅读选择阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A,B,C,D,)中选出1个最佳选项，并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。