Explaining Multicast
elasticsearch explain 中dl的计算公式
elasticsearch explain 中dl的计算公式
在Elasticsearch的Explain API中，`dl`表示文档的长度。
关于`dl`的具体计算公式取决于使用的具体相似性算法。
常用的相似性算法有TF-IDF和BM25。
对于TF-IDF相似性算法，`dl`表示文档的长度，它根据文档中各个词项的词频来计算。
常用的计算公式是将各个词项的词频进行加权求和，公式如下：
```
dl = ∑(权重 * 词频)
```
对于BM25相似性算法，`dl`表示文档的长度，它计算的是文档中的平均词项数量。
计算`dl`的公式如下：
```
dl = (1 - b + b * (doc_length / avg_doc_length))
```
其中，`b` 是一个可配置的参数，控制了文档长度对评分的递减程度。
`doc_length` 表示当前文档的词项数量，
`avg_doc_length` 表示所有文档的平均词项数量。
需要注意的是，具体的计算公式可能会受到配置参数的影响，比如在`Similarity`类中可以设置各种参数，包括词频权重、长度权重等。
因此，需要根据实际的配置参数和具体的相似性算法来确定`dl`的计算公式。
IGMP协议
IGMP协议概述The Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)is a network‑layer protocol used by hosts and ad‑jacent routers on an Internet Protocol(IP)network to report their multicast group memberships.It is an essential component of IP multicast,which enables efficient delivery of data to multiple hosts simultaneously.BackgroundIn traditional IP networks,data packets are typically sent to a unicast address,which means they are delivered to a specific destination host.However,in scenarios where data needs to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously,such as multimedia streaming or real‑time collaboration applications,the unicast approach becomes inefficient and resource‑consuming.This is where multicast comes into play.What is Multicast?Multicast is a communication method that allows a single sender to transmit data packets to a group of receivers.Instead of sending separate copies of the data to each receiver,the sender multicasts the data once,and it is then replicated and delivered only to the members of the multicast group who have expressed interest in receiving the data.Role of IGMPIGMP plays a crucial role in enabling hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically.It allows routers to learn which hosts are interested in receiving multicast traffic for specific groups and effi‑ciently forward the data only to those interested hosts.How IGMP Works1.Host Joins a Multicast Group:When a host wants to receive multicast traffic for a specific group,it sends an IGMP join message to its local router,indicating its interest in joining the group. 2.Router Membership Query:Routers periodically send IGMP membership queries on the networkto discover which hosts belong to multicast groups.These queries elicit IGMP membership re‑ports from the hosts.3.Host Membership Reports:Upon receiving a query,hosts respond with IGMP membership re‑ports,indicating the multicast groups they are interested in.4.Router Forwarding:Routers maintain a list of active multicast groups and their associated hosts.They use this information to forward multicast traffic only to the hosts that have joined the re‑spective groups.Benefits and ApplicationsIGMP enables efficient distribution of multicast traffic,reducing network congestion and bandwidth consumption.It finds applications in various scenarios,including:•Video streaming and IPTV•Online gaming and interactive applications•Software‑defined networking(SDN)•Content delivery networks(CDNs)•Collaborative tools and virtual classroomsSecurity and LimitationsWhile IGMP facilitates multicast communication,it’s important to consider security aspects and im‑plement appropriate measures to prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities.Additionally, IGMP has some limitations,such as scalability challenges in large networks and potential issues with router performance under heavy multicast traffic.In conclusion,IGMP is a critical protocol for managing multicast group memberships in IP networks. By allowing hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically,IGMP enables efficient and scalable delivery of multicast traffic,catering to various applications and improving network performance. IGMP协议的工作原理IGMP（Internet Group Management Protocol）是一种网络层协议，用于在Internet协议（IP）网络上的主机和相邻路由器之间报告它们的组播组成员关系。
gensim计算词语相似度原理
gensim计算词语相似度原理
gensim的词语相似度计算，是基于潜在语义分析（Latent Semantic Analysis, LSA）的原理来实现的。
基本原理是，将词语映射到多维空间中，然后计算每个词语之间的相似度。
gensim的LSA算法，采用TF-IDF模型，将文档中出现的单词映射到潜在的多维空间中。
TF-IDF模型是一种用来评价某一语料库中某一文档对该语料库中其他文档的重要程度的指标。
它由两部分组成：
1、Term Frequency(TF): 即词频，是指某一个词在文档中出现的频率。
2、Inverse Document Frequency(IDF): 即逆文档频率，是指在语料库中，一个词在一个或多个文档中出现的概率，也就是该词在文档中出现的频率越高，就越不重要；而文档中出现的频率越低，就越重要。
使用TF-IDF模型将单词映射到一个n维空间后，每个单词都可以看做是一个n维矢量，那么两个单词的相似度，就可以用他们之间空间距离来衡量，比如余弦相似度：
cos(vectorA, vectorB) = vectorA · vectorB / (||vectorA|| * ||vectorB||)
即两个词语的相似度为他们的空间向量相乘再除以他们的向量
长度的乘积。
通过以上方法，gensim可以计算出文档中不同单词之间的相似
度，从而推断出文档等同语句的内容。
fassis 相似计算 大规模计算
fassis 相似计算大规模计算大规模计算是指通过对大量数据进行处理和分析，以获取有用信息的一种计算方式。
随着互联网和信息技术的发展，大规模计算正在成为各个领域的重要工具。
在这篇文章中，我们将以fassis相似计算为切入点，探讨大规模计算的应用和意义。
让我们来了解一下fassis相似计算。
fassis相似计算是一种基于图像和视频内容的计算方法，通过对图像和视频进行特征提取和匹配，来判断它们之间的相似度。
这种计算方式可以广泛应用于图像搜索、视频监控、人脸识别等领域。
在大规模计算中，fassis相似计算起到了重要的作用。
大规模计算的应用非常广泛。
在金融领域，大规模计算可以用来进行风险评估和投资决策。
通过对大量的金融数据进行分析和计算，可以快速准确地评估风险，并提供决策支持。
在医疗领域，大规模计算可以用来进行疾病诊断和治疗方案设计。
通过对大规模的医学数据进行分析和计算，可以帮助医生更好地理解疾病的发展规律，提供更准确的诊断和治疗方案。
在交通领域，大规模计算可以用来进行交通流量预测和交通优化。
通过对大量的交通数据进行分析和计算，可以帮助交通管理部门更好地规划路网，提高交通效率。
在电商领域，大规模计算可以用来进行用户行为分析和个性化推荐。
通过对大量的用户数据进行分析和计算，可以帮助电商平台更好地理解用户需求，提供更精准的推荐服务。
大规模计算的意义在于它可以帮助我们更好地理解和利用大数据。
随着互联网和物联网技术的发展，我们正处在一个数据爆炸的时代，每天都会产生大量的数据。
这些数据蕴含着重要的信息，但如果不经过计算和分析，这些信息将无法被发现和利用。
大规模计算通过对大数据进行处理和分析，可以帮助我们从海量的数据中提取有用的信息，为决策和创新提供支持。
同时，大规模计算还可以帮助我们发现数据之间的关联和规律，从而更好地理解和解决实际问题。
然而，大规模计算也面临着一些挑战和问题。
首先，由于数据量庞大，大规模计算需要强大的计算资源和高效的算法。
编程英语中英文对照
编程英语中英文对照Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Determinants and Permanents 行列式Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Linear Programming 线性规划Random Number Generation 随机数生成Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Knapsack Problem 背包问题Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Sorting 排序Searching 查找Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Calendrical Calculations 日期Job Scheduling 工程安排Satisfiability 可满足性Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Shortest Path 最短路径Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Matching 匹配Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Network Flow 网络流Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Clique 最大团Independent Set 独立集Vertex Cover 点覆盖Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置String Matching 模式匹配Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩Cryptography 密码Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串DP——Dynamic Programming——动态规划recursion —— 递归编程词汇A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access level访问级别access function 访问函数account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advanced 高级的aggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应用(程序)编程接口app domain (application domain)应用域application 应用、应用程序application framework 应用程序框架appearance 外观append 附加architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。
计量经济学中英文词汇对照
Common variance Common variation Communality variance Comparability Comparison of bathes Comparison value Compartment model Compassion Complement of an event Complete association Complete dissociation Complete statistics Completely randomized design Composite event Composite events Concavity Conditional expectation Conditional likelihood Conditional probability Conditionally linear Confidence interval Confidence limit Confidence lower limit Confidence upper limit Confirmatory Factor Analysis Confirmatory research Confounding factor Conjoint Consistency Consistency check Consistent asymptotically normal estimate Consistent estimate Constrained nonlinear regression Constraint Contaminated distribution Contaminated Gausssian Contaminated normal distribution Contamination Contamination model Contingency table Contour Contribution rate Control
拜占庭容错算法的英文缩写
拜占庭容错算法的英文缩写1算法概述拜占庭容错算法（Byzantine Fault Tolerance，BFT）是一种在分布式计算中保证系统正确性、可靠性的重要算法。
BFT源于拜占庭帝国在战争中发生的故事，其目的是在一些节点出现错误、故障或恶意行为的情况下，仍能够达成一致的决策。
2拜占庭问题拜占庭问题指的是在分布式计算系统中，由于节点之间的通信和计算错误，导致无法达成一致的问题。
该问题最早由莱斯利·兰伯特(Leslie Lamport)等人在1982年提出，后被称为拜占庭问题。
为了解决这个问题，进行了大量的研究，其中最著名的是拜占庭容错算法。
3拜占庭容错算法的优点（1）高可靠性：拜占庭容错算法可以给予系统高可靠性保障，即使在一些节点出现问题或恶意攻击时，也能保证系统的可靠性。
（2）高效性：拜占庭容错算法可以在较短的时间内达成一致的决策，对系统的性能有很大的提升。
（3）灵活性：拜占庭容错算法可以适应不同的系统环境和配置，可以在多种不同的架构中实现。
4拜占庭容错算法的工作原理拜占庭容错算法主要分为两个过程：一致性协议和故障检测协议。
（1）一致性协议一致性协议是指系统中的所有节点要达成一致的决策后，才能进行下一步的操作。
一般通过投票方式来实现，节点根据收到的投票结果进行决策。
常见的一致性协议有Paxos、Raft等，它们的共同特点是可以保证系统的可靠性和正确性，但是在一些拜占庭故障的情况下无法达成一致。
（2）故障检测协议故障检测协议是指在系统中检测节点是否存在故障、错误或者恶意行为，以保证整个系统的稳定性。
常见的故障检测协议有Gossip协议、SWIM协议等。
这些协议会定时地检测节点状态，并通过有效的协议交换信息来达到故障检测的目的。
5BFT的实现在实现BFT算法的过程中，需要解决的核心问题是安全性问题。
安全性主要包括共识（Consensus）和状态机复制（State Machine Replication）。
Multivariate Data Analysis
Multivariate Data Analysis Multivariate data analysis is a powerful statistical technique used to analyze data sets with multiple variables. It allows researchers to explore relationships between variables, identify patterns, and make predictions. This field ofstatistics encompasses a wide range of methods, each tailored to address specific research questions and data characteristics. One commonly used method in multivariate data analysis is principal component analysis (PCA). PCA aims to reduce the dimensionality of the data by identifying a smaller set of uncorrelated variables, called principal components, that capture most of the variation in the original data. These components are linear combinations of the original variables and can be used to visualize the data in a lower-dimensional space, making it easier to identify patterns and clusters. Another widely employed method isfactor analysis. Similar to PCA, factor analysis aims to reduce the dimensionality of the data. However, it differs in its underlying assumptions and interpretation. Factor analysis assumes that the observed variables are influenced by a smaller number of unobserved, latent variables called factors. By identifying thesefactors and their relationships to the observed variables, researchers can gain insights into the underlying structure of the data. Cluster analysis is another important technique used in multivariate data analysis. This method aims to group observations into clusters based on their similarity across multiple variables. Different clustering algorithms employ different distance metrics and criteria for cluster formation, allowing researchers to choose the most appropriate method for their data and research question. Cluster analysis can be used to identify groups of customers with similar purchasing patterns, classify diseases based on patient symptoms, or segment images based on pixel characteristics. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a method used to investigate the relationships between two sets of variables. It identifies pairs of linear combinations of variables, one from each set, that have the highest correlation. CCA can be applied to study the relationship between consumer attitudes and purchasing behavior, the link between gene expression and disease progression, or the association between environmental factors and species distribution. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a statistical test used to compare the means of multiple groups across severaldependent variables simultaneously. It is an extension of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and is particularly useful when the dependent variables are correlated. MANOVA can be applied to test the effectiveness of different treatments on multiple health outcomes, compare the performance of different car models on multiple safety features, or evaluate the impact of different educational programs on various student learning outcomes. In conclusion, multivariate data analysis offers a rich toolkit for researchers to explore complex data sets involving multiple variables. By employing methods such as principal component analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance, researchers can gain valuable insights into the relationships between variables, identify patterns, make predictions, and test hypotheses. These techniques have become indispensable in various fields, including business, healthcare, engineering, and social sciences, enabling researchers to unravel the complexities of multivariate data and make informed decisions based on data-driven evidence.。
IBM Cognos Transformer V11.0 用户指南说明书
SIMATIC Energy Manager PRO V7.2 - Operation Operat
2 Energy Manager PRO Client................................................................................................................. 19
2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.5.1 2.1.5.2 2.1.6
Basics ................................................................................................................................ 19 Start Energy Manager ........................................................................................................ 19 Client as navigation tool..................................................................................................... 23 Basic configuration ............................................................................................................ 25 Search for object................................................................................................................ 31 Quicklinks.......................................................................................................................... 33 Create Quicklinks ............................................................................................................... 33 Editing Quicklinks .............................................................................................................. 35 Help .................................................................................................................................. 38
anycasting原理
anycasting原理?
答：Anycasting是一种增强网络传输效率和可用性的技术，其原理是基于路由算法，将网络中的多个对等节点划分为一个Anycast组或集群。
这些节点拥有相同的任意地址，当一个数据包被发送到该任意地址时，网络将负责将该数据包传递到最近的、可用的Anycast节点。
Anycasting最初是在RFC1546中提出并定义的，其目的是在IP网络上通过一个Anycast地址标识一组提供特定服务的主机，同时服务访问方并不关心提供服务的具体是哪一台主机。
Anycasting可以很好地改善网络通信的延迟、带宽、安全性等问题，提高用户的体验效果。
在Anycast公网加速中，用户请求数据经过ISP的分类路由，将不同的请求路径分开导向不同的Anycast节点。
Anycast节点接收到请求后，从多个数据中心中为用户选择一个最近的节点，将数据传输到用户端。
由于Anycast节点是多个物理节点同时存在的，因此在传输过程中，当某个Anycast节点出故障时，其他Anycast节点可以无缝接收，保证了数据传输的高可用性。
Anycasting在全球范围内被广泛应用，成为了现代网络通讯技术中的一个重要组成部分。
在实现全球CDN加速和DNS解析服务的分布式部署，保证了互联网获取信息的快速和可靠的环节，同时也在游戏服务器及移动应用市场得到广泛的应用。
最低松弛度优先调度算法
最低松弛度优先调度算法最低松弛度优先（LLF）算法是根据任务紧急（或松弛）的程度，来确定任务的优先级。
任务的紧急程度愈⾼，为该任务所赋予的优先级就愈⾼，使之优先执⾏。
在实现该算法时要求系统中有⼀个按松弛度排序的实时任务就绪队列，松弛度最低的任务排在队列最前⾯，被优先调度。
松弛度的计算⽅法如下：任务的松弛度=必须完成的时间-其本⾝的运⾏时间-当前时间其中其本⾝运⾏的时间指任务运⾏结束还需多少时间，如果任务已经运⾏了⼀部分，则：任务松弛度=任务的处理时间-任务已经运⾏的时间 – 当前时间⼏个注意点：1. 该算法主要⽤于可抢占调度⽅式中，当⼀任务的最低松弛度减为0时，它必须⽴即抢占CPU，以保证按截⽌时间的要求完成任务。
2. 计算关键时间点的各进程周期的松弛度，当进程在当前周期截⽌时间前完成了任务，则在该进程进⼊下个周期前，⽆需计算它的松弛度。
3. 当出现多个进程松弛度相同且为最⼩时，按照“最近最久未调度”的原则进⾏进程调度。
1、结构体描述进程定义及其意义如下：typedef struct process //进程{char pname[5]; //进程名int deadtime; //周期int servetime; //执⾏时间//周期进程某⼀次执⾏到停⽌的剩余需执⾏时间（考虑到抢占），初始为deadtimeint lefttime;int cycle; //执⾏到的周期数//进程最近⼀次的最迟开始执⾏时间，- currenttime 即为松弛度int latestarttime;//进程下⼀次最早开始时间int arivetime;intk; //k=1，表⽰进程正在运⾏，否则为0，表⽰进程不在执⾏期间/*若存在最⼩松弛度进程个数多于1个，则采⽤最近最久未使⽤算法采⽤⼀计数器LRU_t*/intLRU_t;}process;2、循环队列存储进程定义及其意义如下：typedef struct sqqueue //循环队列{process *data[queuesize];int front,rear;} sqqueue;重难点分析1、实时系统可调度条件当实时系统中有M个硬实时任务，它们的处理时间可表⽰为Ci ，周期时间表⽰为Pi，则在采⽤N个处理机的系统中，必须满⾜限制条件：Σ<=N系统才是可调度的。
ExplainingMulticast文件材料教学稿件
提供实验指导书，帮助 学生进行实践操作。
网络资源
推荐相关的网络资源， 引导学生自主学习和拓
展知识。
实践环节
实验操作
设计实验，让学生亲自动手操作，加 深对Multicast的理解。
课程设计
布置课程设计任务，让学生综合运用 所学知识解决实际问题。
项目实战
组织学生进行项目实战，提高其解决 实际问题的能力。
鼓励学生提问和参与讨论，提 高课堂互动性。
任务驱动法
布置实际任务，让学生在完成 任务中掌握Multicast的知识
点。
归纳总结法
对Multicast的重要知识点进 行归纳总结，帮助学生系统掌
握知识。
教学资源
教材和参考书
课件和教案
实验指导书
选择权威的教材和参考 书，为学生提供全面的
学习资源。
制作精良的课件和教案， 帮助学生更好地理解课
Explaining Multicast 文件 材料教学稿件
• 引言 • Multicast 的工作原理 • Multicast 的优势与挑战 • 如何实现 Multicast • Multicast 的教学建议 • 总结与展望
01
引言
什么是 Multicast
定义
Multicast 是一种网络通信技术，允 许一个发送者同时向多个接收者发送 数据。
挑战
网络拓扑限制
Multicast依赖于特定的网络拓扑 结构，如树形结构，这可能限制 了其在某些网络环境中的应用。
组成员管理复杂性
组成员的管理和维护可能比单播更 为复杂，需要更多的管理资源和策 略。
安全数据被非法接收的风险， 需要采取额外的安全措施来保护数 据。
03
Moxa ICS-G7848A Series 48G Layer 3 全球互联网交换机说明书
ICS-G7848A Series48G Layer3full Gigabit modular managed EthernetswitchesFeatures and Benefits•Up to48Gigabit Ethernet ports•Up to48optical fiber connections(SFP slots)•Up to48PoE+ports with external power supply(with IM-G7000A-4PoEmodule)•Fanless,-10to60°C operating temperature range•Modular design for maximum flexibility and hassle-free future expansion•Hot-swappable interface and power modules for continuous operation•Turbo Ring and Turbo Chain(recovery time<20ms@250switches),andSTP/RSTP/MSTP for network redundancy•Isolated redundant power inputs with universal110/220VAC power supplyrange•Supports MXstudio for easy,visualized industrial network management•V-ON™ensures millisecond-level multicast data and video network recoveryCertificationsIntroductionProcess automation and transportation automation applications combine data,voice,and video,and consequently require high performance and high reliability.The ICS-G7848A Series full Gigabit backbone switches’modular design makes network planning easy,and allows greater flexibility by letting you install up to48Gigabit Ethernet ports.The ICS-G7848A Series also supports Layer3routing functionality to facilitate the deployment of applications across networks,making them ideal for large-scale industrial networks.The ICS-G7848A’s full Gigabit capability increases bandwidth to provide high performance and the ability to quickly transfer large amounts of video,voice,and data across a network.The fanless switches support the Turbo Ring,Turbo Chain,and RSTP/STP redundancy technologies,and come with an isolated redundant power supply to increase system reliability and the availability of your network backbone.Additional Features and Benefits•Layer3switching functionality to move data and information across networks(ICS-G7800A Series)•Advanced PoE management functions:PoE output setting,PD failure check,PoE scheduling,and PoE diagnostics(with IM-G7000A-4PoE module)•Command line interface(CLI)for quickly configuring major managed functions•Supports advanced VLAN capability with Q-in-Q tagging•DHCP Option82for IP address assignment with different policies •Supports EtherNet/IP and Modbus TCP protocols for device management and monitoring•Compatible with PROFINET protocol for transparent data transmission•Digital inputs for integrating sensors and alarms with IP networks •Redundant,dual AC power inputs•IGMP snooping and GMRP for filtering multicast traffic •IEEE802.1Q VLAN and GVRP protocol to ease network planning •QoS(IEEE802.1p/1Q and TOS/DiffServ)to increase determinism •Port Trunking for optimum bandwidth utilization•TACACS+,SNMPv3,IEEE802.1X,HTTPS,and SSH to enhance network security•Access control lists(ACL)increase the flexibility and security of network management•SNMPv1/v2c/v3for different levels of network management •RMON for proactive and efficient network monitoring •Bandwidth management to prevent unpredictable network status •Lock port function for blocking unauthorized access based on MAC address•Port mirroring for online debugging•Automatic warning by exception through email and relay outputSpecificationsInput/Output InterfaceAlarm Contact Channels Relay output with current carrying capacity of2A@30VDCDigital Inputs+13to+30V for state1-30to+1V for state0Max.input current:8mAEthernet InterfaceStandards IEEE802.1D-2004for Spanning Tree ProtocolIEEE802.1p for Class of ServiceIEEE802.1Q for VLAN TaggingIEEE802.1s for Multiple Spanning Tree ProtocolIEEE802.1w for Rapid Spanning Tree ProtocolIEEE802.1X for authenticationIEEE802.3for10BaseTIEEE802.3ab for1000BaseT(X)IEEE802.3ad for Port Trunk with LACPIEEE802.3u for100BaseT(X)and100BaseFXIEEE802.3x for flow controlIEEE802.3z for1000BaseSX/LX/LHX/ZXIEEE802.3af/at for PoE/PoE+outputSlot Combination12slots for4-port interface modules(10/100/1000BaseT(X),or PoE+10/100/1000BaseT(X),or100/1000BaseSFP slots)1Ethernet Software FeaturesManagement ARP,Back Pressure Flow Control,BOOTP,DDM,DHCP Option66/67/82,DHCP Server/Client,IPv4,LLDP,Port Mirror,RMON,SNMP Inform,SNMPv1/v2c/v3,Syslog,Telnet,TFTP,SMTP,RARP,Flow controlFilter802.1Q,GMRP,GVRP,IGMP v1/v2/v3,QinQ VLANMulticast Routing DVMRP,PIM-DM,PIM-SM,PIM-SSMRedundancy Protocols Link Aggregation,MSTP,RSTP,Turbo Chain,Turbo Ring v1/v2,V-ONRouting Redundancy VRRPSecurity Access control list,Broadcast storm protection,HTTPS/SSL,MAB authentication,Sticky MAC,NTP authentication,Port Lock,RADIUS,SSH,TACACS+Time Management NTP Server/Client,SNTPUnicast Routing OSPF,RIPV1/V2,Static RouteIndustrial Protocols EtherNet/IP,Modbus TCPMIB Bridge MIB,Ethernet-like MIB,MIB-II,P-BRIDGE MIB,Q-BRIDGE MIB,RMON MIBGroups1,2,3,9,RSTP MIBSwitch PropertiesDRAM128MBFlash16MBIGMP Groups4096Jumbo Frame Size9.6KBMAC Table Size16KMax.No.of VLANs2561.See the IM-G7000A datasheet for Gigabit Ethernet module product information.Packet Buffer Size12MbitsVLAN ID Range VID1to4094Priority Queues8USB InterfaceStorage Port USB Type ASerial InterfaceConsole Port USB-serial console(Type B connector) Power ParametersInput Voltage110to220VAC,Redundant dual inputs Operating Voltage85to264VACOverload Current Protection SupportedReverse Polarity Protection SupportedInput Current0.87/0.51A@110/220VACPhysical CharacteristicsIP Rating IP30Dimensions440x176x523.8mm(17.32x6.93x20.62in) Weight12,900g(28.5lb)Installation Rack mountingEnvironmental LimitsOperating Temperature-10to60°C(14to140°F)Storage Temperature(package included)-40to85°C(-40to185°F)Ambient Relative Humidity5to95%(non-condensing)Standards and CertificationsSafety EN60950-1,UL60950-1EMC EN55032/24EMI CISPR32,FCC Part15B Class AEMS IEC61000-4-2ESD:Contact:6kV;Air:8kVIEC61000-4-3RS:80MHz to1GHz:20V/mIEC61000-4-4EFT:Power:4kV;Signal:4kVIEC61000-4-5Surge:Power:2kV;Signal:2kVIEC61000-4-6CS:10VIEC61000-4-8PFMFRailway EN50121-4Freefall IEC60068-2-32Shock IEC60068-2-27Vibration IEC60068-2-6MTBFTime314,973hrsStandards Telcordia(Bellcore),GBWarrantyWarranty Period5yearsDetails See /warrantyPackage ContentsDevice1x ICS-G7848A Series switchCable1x USB type A male to USB type B maleInstallation Kit2x rack-mounting ear4x cap,plastic,for SFP slotPower Supply1x power cord,EU type1x power cord,US typeDocumentation1x quick installation guide1x warranty cardNote48V external power supply,SFP modules and/or modules from the IM-G7000A ModuleSeries need to be purchased separately for use with this product.DimensionsOrdering InformationModel Name Layer10GbE SFP+Slots 100/1000Base SFPSlots10/100/1000BaseT(X)PortsRJ45ConnectorOperating Temp.ICS-G7848A-HV-HV30Up to48Up to48-10to60°CAccessories(sold separately)IM-G7000A Module SeriesIM-G7000A-4GSFP Gigabit Ethernet interface module with4100/1000BaseSFP slots,-10to60°C operating temperature IM-G7000A-4GTX Gigabit Ethernet interface module with410/100/1000BaseT(X)ports,-10to60°C operatingtemperatureIM-G7000A-4PoE Gigabit Ethernet PoE+interface module with410/100/1000BaseT(X)ports,-10to60°C operatingtemperaturePower ModulesPWR-G7000A-AC Power supply module(85to264VAC)for ICS-G7748A/G7750A/G7752A/G7848A/G7850A/G7852ASeries,-10to60°C operating temperatureSFP ModulesSFP-1FELLC-T SFP module with1100Base single-mode with LC connector for80km transmission,-40to85°Coperating temperatureSFP-1FEMLC-T SFP module with1100Base multi-mode,LC connector for2/4km transmission,-40to85°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1FESLC-T SFP module with1100Base single-mode with LC connector for40km transmission,-40to85°Coperating temperatureSFP-1G10ALC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for10km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G10ALC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for10km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1G10BLC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for10km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G10BLC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for10km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1G20ALC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for20km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G20ALC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for20km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1G20BLC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for20km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G20BLC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for20km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1G40ALC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for40km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G40ALC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for40km transmission;TX1310nm,RX1550nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1G40BLC WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for40km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,0to60°C operating temperatureSFP-1G40BLC-T WDM-type(BiDi)SFP module with11000BaseSFP port with LC connector for40km transmission;TX1550nm,RX1310nm,-40to85°C operating temperatureSFP-1GEZXLC SFP module with11000BaseEZX port with LC connector for110km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GEZXLC-120SFP module with11000BaseEZX port with LC connector for120km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GLHLC SFP module with11000BaseLH port with LC connector for30km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GLHLC-T SFP module with11000BaseLH port with LC connector for30km transmission,-40to85°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GLHXLC SFP module with11000BaseLHX port with LC connector for40km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GLHXLC-T SFP module with11000BaseLHX port with LC connector for40km transmission,-40to85°Coperating temperatureSFP-1GLSXLC SFP module with11000BaseLSX port with LC connector for1km/2km transmission,0to60°Coperating temperatureSFP-1GLSXLC-T SFP module with11000BaseLSX port with LC connector for1km/2km transmission,-40to85°Coperating temperatureSFP-1GLXLC SFP module with11000BaseLX port with LC connector for10km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GLXLC-T SFP module with11000BaseLX port with LC connector for10km transmission,-40to85°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GSXLC SFP module with11000BaseSX port with LC connector for300m/550m transmission,0to60°Coperating temperatureSFP-1GSXLC-T SFP module with11000BaseSX port with LC connector for300m/550m transmission,-40to85°Coperating temperatureSFP-1GZXLC SFP module with11000BaseZX port with LC connector for80km transmission,0to60°C operatingtemperatureSFP-1GZXLC-T SFP module with11000BaseZX port with LC connector for80km transmission,-40to85°C operatingtemperaturePower CordsPWC-C7EU-2B-183Power cord with Continental Europe(EU)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mPWC-C13US-3B-183Power cord with United States(US)plug,1.83mPWC-C13EU-3B-183Power cord with Continental Europe(EU)plug,1.83mPWC-C13UK-3B-183Power cord with United Kingdom(UK)plug,1.83mPWC-C13CN-3B-183Power cord with three-prong China(CN)plug,1.83mPWC-C7US-2B-183Power cord with United States(US)plug,10A/125V,1.83mPWC-C7AU-2B-183Power cord with Australian(AU)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mPWC-C13AU-3B-183Power cord with Australian(AU)plug,1.83mPWC-C7UK-2B-183Power cord with United Kingdom(UK)plug,2.5A/250V,1.83mSoftwareMXview-50Industrial network management software with a license for50nodes(by IP address)MXview-100Industrial network management software with a license for100nodes(by IP address)MXview-250Industrial network management software with a license for250nodes(by IP address)MXview-500Industrial network management software with a license for500nodes(by IP address)MXview-1000Industrial network management software with a license for1000nodes(by IP address)MXview-2000Industrial network management software with a license for2000nodes(by IP address)MXview Upgrade-50License expansion of MXview industrial network management software by50nodes(by IP address) Storage KitsABC-02-USB Configuration backup and restoration tool,firmware upgrade,and log file storage tool for managedEthernet switches and routers,0to60°C operating temperatureABC-02-USB-T Configuration backup and restoration tool,firmware upgrade,and log file storage tool for managedEthernet switches and routers,-40to75°C operating temperature©Moxa Inc.All rights reserved.Updated Jun21,2021.This document and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Moxa Inc.Product specifications subject to change without notice.Visit our website for the most up-to-date product information.。
ds-kmp算法 -回复
ds-kmp算法-回复dskmp算法原理、应用领域和优势随着数据规模的不断增大和复杂度的加深，对数据进行分析和处理变得越来越重要。
在数据处理领域，诸如图形图像处理、机器学习和计算机视觉等任务中，搜索和匹配算法是至关重要的一环。
这就引出了dskmp算法的概念。
在本文中，我们将一步一步地探讨dskmp算法的原理、应用领域和优势。
首先，让我们来了解一下什么是dskmp算法。
dskmp是Distributed Sakoe-Chiba-k-Means Partitioning（分布式Sakoe-Chiba-k均值分区）的缩写。
它是一种用于数据搜索和匹配的算法，主要用于处理时间序列数据。
该算法能够在分布式环境下高效地对大规模的时间序列数据进行聚类和查询。
dskmp算法的核心原理是将时间序列数据划分成多个区域，并对每个区域进行聚类。
它使用了Sakoe-Chiba k均值算法来进行聚类，这个算法是对传统的k均值算法进行改进，使其能够处理时间序列数据。
与传统的k 均值算法不同，Sakoe-Chiba k均值算法通过引入时间序列的约束条件来限制数据点之间的距离。
通过这种方式，该算法能够在处理时间序列数据时具有更好的表现。
除了聚类之外，dskmp算法还具有强大的查询功能。
它使用了分布式存储和索引技术来加快查询速度。
通过将数据存储在多个节点上，并使用索引结构对数据进行组织，dskmp算法能够高效地进行查询操作。
这使得在海量时间序列数据集中进行匹配成为可能。
dskmp算法的应用领域非常广泛。
其中一个典型的应用是图形图像处理。
在图像处理中，我们经常需要对图像数据进行搜索和匹配。
通过使用dskmp算法，我们可以在图像库中高效地查找和匹配相似的图像。
这种技术在人脸识别、图像检索和图像分类等任务中具有很大的潜力。
另一个应用领域是机器学习。
机器学习需要处理大量的数据，并从中学习模式和规律。
通过使用dskmp算法，我们可以在大规模时间序列数据集中进行聚类和查询操作，从而发现隐藏在数据中的关联性和模式。
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• 224.2.X.X usually used in MBONE applications
• Limited (local) scope: 239.0.0.0/8 for private IP multicast addresses (RFC-2365)
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Multicast Protocol Basics
• Types of multicast distribution trees
– Source-rooted; also called shortest path trees (SPTs)
– Rooted at a meeting point in the network; shared trees
• Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255. The high-order bits in the first octet identify this 224-base address.
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
unicast routing protocols
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
IP Multicast Basic Addressing (Cont.)
• Transient addresses, assigned and reclaimed dynamically (within applications):
locations • Supports membership in more
than one group
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Group Membership
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
1.5 Mb x 1 = 1.5 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 = 1.5 Mb 1.5 Mb x 1 = 1.5 Mb
Receiver
Receiver
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
Receiver
Not A Receiver
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
– Site-local scope: 239.255.0.0/16
– Organization-local scope: 239.192.0.0 to 239.251.255.255
• Part of a global scope recently used for new protocols and temporary usage
• Rendezvous point (RP) • Core
• Types of multicast protocols
– Dense mode protocols – Sparse mode protocols
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Well-known addresses assigned by IANA
– Reserved use: 224.0.0.0 through 224.0.0.255
• 224.0.0.1 (all multicast systems on subnet) • 224.0.0.2 (all routers on subnet) • 224.0.0.4 (all DVMRP routers) • 224.0.0.13 (all PIMv2 routers) • 224.0.0.5, 224.0.0.6, 224.0.0.9, and 224.0.0.10 used by
– Multicast routing is concerned with where the packet comes from.
• Multicast routing uses Reverse Path Forwarding to prevent forwarding loops.
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unicast address
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Unicast Traffic (cont.)
1.5 Mb x 3 = 4.5 Mb
Video Server
1.5 Mb x 2 = 3 Mb
1.5 Mb x 1 = 1.5 Mb
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
RPF Check
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
What Is PIM?
• Configured on all routers between source and receiver
Shortest-Path or Source Distribution Tree
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Shared Distribution Trees
Shared Distribution Tree
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Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
IP Multicast Basic Addressing
IP group addresses:
– Class D address (high-order three bits are set) – Range from 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
IP Multicast Addresses
Description
Reserved link local address
Globally scoped addresses
Source specific multicast
GLOP addresses
Limited scope addresses
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Range
224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255 232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255 233.0.0.0 to 233.255.255.255 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved.
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Multicast Traffic
A multicast server sends out a single data stream to multiple clients using a special multicast address.
• Conserves network resources while making flow available to appropriate receivers
Explaining Multicast
Cisco Network Academy. All rights reserved..
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Unicast Traffic
Video Server
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Not A Receiver
• Unicast applications send one copy of each packet to every client
CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Shared Distribution Trees (Cont.)
Shared Distribution Tree
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
Multicast Distribution Trees Identification
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CCNP+ BSCI v3.0
IP Multicast Characteristics
• Transmits to a host group • Delivers with “best effort”
reliability • Supports dynamic membership • Supports diverse number 2 Multicast Addressing